INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTION

This is a self – assessment test on the part of the students to

assess his competency in creativity.

During the course of study, the student is put on a sound

theoretical foundation of various mechanical engineering subjects and of

course, to a satisfactory extent. Opportunities are made available to him to

work on different kinds of machines, so that he is exposed to various kinds

of manufacturing process.

As a students learn more and more his hold on production

technology becomes stronger. He attains a stage of perfection, when he

himself is able to design and fabricate a device.

This is the project work. That is the testimony for the strenuous

training, which the student had in the institute. This assures that he is no

more a student, he is an engineer.

This report discuses the necessity of the project and various

aspects of planning, design, selection of materials, fabrication, erection,

estimation and testing.

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SYNPOSIS

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4
 CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION:

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This unit consists of

1) DC Motor 12V DC

2) BATTERY 12V DC

3) CRANK MECHANISM

4) BLADE

5)M.S. fabricated work table

6) M.S. stand

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 WORKING
PRINCIPLE

WORKING PRINCIPLE :

This unit consists of

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 1) DC Motor 12V DC

2) BATTERY 12V DC

3) CRANK MECHANISM

4) BLADE

Initially the job is placed in the machine unit. Then press the start

switch. The DC Motor starts rotating . The rotary motion of the Motor shaft is

converted to reciprocating motion by the crank mechanism.

The plastic sheet cutting blade is connected to this reciprocating unit.

Hence the blade moves to and fro and thus cut the plastic sheet by feeding plastic sheet

with manual force.

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DRAWING

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 DETAILS OF
BATTERY
CHARGING

ETAILS OF BATTERY CHARGING

A battery is something that supplies DC power through chemical reaction.

Batteries in different form have existed for over 150 years. The research work still

continues for better performance as the demand increases.

Battery was developed around 1800 by Alessandro Volta when he found

the generation of electrical current from chemical reactions between different metal of

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different properties. The battery now a days we use are divided into the following two

categories,

1. Primary / single use

2. Secondary / Rechargeable

PRIMARY BATTARY

Primary batteries are for single use as the chemical reactions that

produces the electric current in them are irreversible. These batteries are common

primary cells are the common Zinc – Carbon battery, Zinc Manganese Alkaline battery

etc. These are used for domestic purpose like watches, tape recorders, torch etc.

SECONDARY BATTERY:

Secondary batteries are rechargeable batteries i.e they can be sued

multiple times, after using the charge stored in them, they can be recharged and reused.

These batteries are mainly; used in industries and automobiles where higher initial

current is required. Disadvantages of these batteries are they are costly and require

regular maintenance. Some of the common examples of secondary batteries are Nickel

– Cadmium battery, Lead Acid battery etc,.

CELL COMPONENTS:

Let us now see the different components of a cell

1. The electrolyte

2. The positive electrode

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 3. The negative electrode

4. The separator

Electrolyte:

The electrolytes may be acidic solution, which provide the positive ions,

or the alkaline solution which provides the negative ions. These ions are used to

conduct the charge flow from positive to negative electrode.

The Positive Electrode:

The positive electrode accepts the electrons from external circuit during

discharge and the negative electrodes supplies the electrode circuit when oxidized

during discharge.

The Negative Electrode:

In alkaline electrolyte the negative ions are created at positive electrodes

and absorbed at negative electrodes and in acidic electrolyte the positive ins are created

at negative electrode and are absorbed at positive.

The Separator:

In the cell a separator is used to electrically isolate the electrodes and save cell

from internal short circuit.

LEAD – ACID CELL:

The Lead Acid cell consist of

1. Lead dioxide as positive electrode

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 2. Sponge metallic lead as negative electrodes

3. Sulphuric acid as electrolyte

During discharge the active material of positive electrode react with

Sulphuric acid to form lead sulphate and active material of negative electrode react

with sulphuric acid to form water

When this cell is recharged, during recharge the lead sulphate converts

back to lead dioxide and metallic lead.

Battery Types:

Commonly the following four types of batteries are used with the inverter

system,

1. Automobile Batteries

2. Tubular / Industrial Lead acid batteries

3. Sealed Maintenance Free (SMF) Batteries

4. Nickel Cadmium Batteries

5. Automobile Batteries

These batteries are commonly used in the automobile, cars, truck etc.

Battery Rating:

The backup time provided by a Inverter depends very much on the rating

of the battery used with them.

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 Commonly batteries are available in 6 and 12 and 24 Volts rating. Other

than the voltage rating, the ampere – Hour rating is used to define the power

availability or capacity of the battery.

The backup time provided by a battery connected to Inverter depends on

the

DC bus voltage of the Inverter. This depends on their design. It could be

24V, 48V, 72V 120V and so on.

Normally more than one 6Volt or 12 V battery is used in series for higher

voltages requirements.

Charger Design:

The life of a battery used in inverter very much depends on the charging

methods used to charge the battery. These types of charging circuit are used in

Inverter to charge the battery

• Constant voltage

• Constant current

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 • Constant voltage constant current

Constant Voltage:

This type of charging method using series regulators is suitable in SMF

batteries, but they are not useful in automobile and industrial lead acid batteries.

Constant Current:

This charging method using shunt regulators is good for the automobile

and industrial lead acid batteries but it can damage the SMF batteries by overcharging

them.

Constant Voltage Constant Current:

This charging method is suitable for automobile and industrial lead acid

batteries and also for the SMF batteries.

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 PRINCIPLE OF DC
MOTOR

PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR

A DC motor is a dc machine working as a motor to convert dc electrical

energy into mechanical energy (dc) motor are very commonly used in cars, trucks,

aircrafts, etc. They are also used in large ratings, where wide range of speed control is

necessary.

When a conductor is carried a current and in lying in magnetic filed.

Force acting on the conductor. This is the principle of a Dc motor. The conductor is

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housed in armature slots and current is applied from the dc source through brushes and

commentator. The field poles provide the magnetic field.

The construction of dc motor and generator are similar. However their

external appearance may be somewhat different. A motor has a rather closed frame

because it is may be operating in dusty environment and unskilled workers may be

working in its vicinity.

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 TYPES OF DC
MOTOR

TYPES OF DC MOTOR

DC Shunt Motor:

This motor has medium starting torque, a speed regulation of 5 – 10 %

and excellent adaptability to adjustable speed service. It can be used for constant

speed drives like pumps, fans blowers, etc,. However for all these applications, a 3

phase induction motor is preferable, because it ;is cheaper, more rugged and requires

lesser maintenance than dc motor. However a dc shunt motor is cheaper for low speed

drives. Moreover, whenever a wide range of speed control is required, dc shunt motor

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is used. The main application of dc shunt motor is in steel and aluminium, rolling

mills and ward – Leonard speed control system.

Dc Series Motor:

This motor has a very high starting torque. Moreover it speed decreases

with increase in load torque. So that its power input remains more or less constant. It

is best suited for hoist cranes and traction. Speed control is generally obtained through

armature control. They are used for battery-powered vehicles.

Compound Motor:

A differential compound is rarely used. The characteristics of a

cumulative compounds motor depend on the relative strength of series and shunt fields.

It has good starting torque and dropping speed – load characteristic. They can be used

for pulsating loads needing flywheel action, viz. shears, conveyors, crushers, hoists,

plunger pumps, etc., Whenever the supply voltage is likely to vary considerably, a

compound motor is preferred. Because its induction and contribution to back emf, the

series field helps in reducing the fluctuations of current drawn from mains.

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 ADVANTAGES
&
DIS ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

1. Single person is enough to operate this efficiently to cut the plastic sheet..

2. Easy and efficient handling of this unit without wastage or damage to the plastic

sheet, machine and to any other parts.

3. low maintenance cost and life of equipment also increased..

4. Least maintenance of the equipment.

5. Need not require any individual work place.

6. Can be worked in the work spot.

7. Suited for cutting plastic sheets of minimum thickness sheet..

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DISADVANTAGES

• Manual power required to operate .

• The time taken for loading and unloading the kit is more when Compared to

pneumatic controlled unit.

• It cannot be used for more than 5mm thickness plastic sheet..

APPLICATION
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 APPLICATIONS
By using this device many numbers of plastic sheets are cut and the cutting

operation can be performed very easily. It is very much useful in making name board

for advertisement This device is used to cut the various thickness ranging from 1mmto

5mm .

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PAINTING AND
FINISHING

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 FINISHING AND PAINTING
JOB PREPARATION

Before welding, remove any bend in the L angle with the sludge hammer on the

anvil block. Then it is cut to the required length with the hacksaw blade and fabricated

to required dimensional shape with arc welding.

FINISHING OPERATION BEFORE PAINTING

After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the chipping

hammer and cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all the surfaces are rubbed with

the emery sheet.

Metal primer is applied on the surfaces with the brush. After drying the metal

primer, the second coating is applied with the paint

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SAFTY,CARE AND
MAINTENANCE

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 SAFTY,CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Before starting the machine, some of the points to be noted for safety purpose,

1. Before starting the operation, check the following items

(1) Check the mechanism for proper operation .

(2) Check the alignment of blade in the machine

(3) Don’t insert the any material or object between the during operation

of machine

(4) Check the lifting alignment and handle in the machine

(5) Wear gloves and shoe for proper handling .

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FEATURES OF
THIS PROJECT

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 FEATURES OF THIS PROJECT

 It is compact in size

 It can be move

 Low electrical power consumption

 It can be utilized at our work shop

 It is simple in construction

 Low cost

 Less weight and easy to handle

 It reduces the man power

 It is simple in operation..

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 COST

ESTIMATION

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 COST ESTIMATION

S.NO ITEMS RUPEES

1. CUTTER AND HOLDING UNIT 500.00

2. MOTOR UNIT 3000.0

0

3. MECHANISM FOR OSCILLATION 600.00

4. M.S. FABRICTED HOUSING UNIT 600.00

5. BATTERY COST 300.00

6. TRANSPORT COST 700.00

7. REPORT 800.00

TOTAL 6500.

00

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CONCLUSION

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 CONCLUSION

We make this project entirely different from other projects. Since concepts

involved in our project is entirely different that a single unit is used to various

purposes, which is not developed by any of other team members.

By doing this project we gained the knowledge of fabrication work and

how the welding is doing and material selection for particular components etc.,

It is concluded that any fabrication work can be done with the help of

welding.

We have successfully completed the project work on using welding work

at our Institute.

Once again we express our sincere thanks to our staff members.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY - HAJRA CHOWDRY

2. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY - R.S. KHURMI

3. MACHINE SHOP TECHNOLOGY - S.S.MANIAN

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4. JIG AND FIXTURE DESIGN - R.K.JAIN

5.FLUID POWER BY - E.SUNDRAMOORTHY

PHOTO VIEW
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PHOTO VIEW

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