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Summer 2012
Figure 1: Structural drawing of problem 5-70 on page #324-325 of the course tex
tbook Daryl L. Logan,
A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 5th Edition .
By: Majid Soleimaninia
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2
Start ANSYS (Mechanical APDL) V.13.0
Begin ANSYS (Mechanical APDL) with Start All Programs ANSYS 13.0
Mechanical APDL (ANSYS). That will bring you to the main ANSYS Utility Menu as s
een in
Figure 2 .
3.1
Select job name and analysis type
The various menus below will sometimes get moved to a back (hidden) window. If y
ou think
that has occurred hit the Raise Hidden button,
lways need a job name:
1.
2.
. You will a
The ANSYS file sizes for real engineering problems get to be quite large, so hav
e a directory
dedicated to ANSYS:
1.
2.
3.2
Element type data
You will need a 3D structural line element, or frame member, that transmits axia
l forces, axial
torsion, and transverse bending moments and also 3D structural link element for
your truss
members. Open and add to element types you need:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select (Structural) Beam and 2 node 188 (that is, BEAM188), OK.
In Element Types window, select BEAM188 element and then pick Options t
7.
Now you defined your beam element and need to add truss element as well. In orde
r to add other
elements, open and add to element types you need:
1.
2.
3.
Select (Structural) Link and 3D finit stn 180 (that is, LINK180), OK.
4. In Element Types window, select LINK180 element and then pick Options
to modify
your LINK180 element type options, as in Figure 10.
5. In Element Types pick Close.
3.3
Element geometric properties data
For truss element, LINK180, we need to set real constant (Cross-sectional area)
which we can
get the value from Table 1-14 on page#907 of the course textbook. To set up the
real constant
you need:
1.
1.
2. In Real Constants, seen in Figure 11, pick Add Element Types for Real
Constants.
3. Select LINK180 element, OK.
4. In Real Constants Set Number 1, for LINK180 window, type selected area
in Crosssectional area ... AREA, to modify Real Constant Set for LINK180, OK,
as in Figure 11.
5. In Real Constants pick Close.
For beam element, BEAM188, we need to define two different element geometry and
sections,
the wide flange sections listed for the horizontal beam elements (one size used
for all beams), the
rectangular hollow structural sections (HSS) for the vertical columns (one size
3. To check your wide flange geometry and dimensions, you can pick Previe
w in Beam
Tool, as in Figure 12.
4. In Beam Tool pick Close.
Figure 12: Setup beam section geometry for wide flange section.
To enter the rectangular hollow structural sections (HSS) geometry, you need:
1.
University of Victoria
Figure 13: Setup beam section geometry for Rectangular HSS section.
3.4
Define member material properties
Here you will use the simplest linear, isotropic, 1D material description. ANSYS
has full
anisotropic (completely directionally dependent), as well as non-linear material
constitutive
laws. Activate the material properties with:
1. Main Menu Preprocessor Material Props Material Models.
2. Material Model Number 1 appears in Define Material Model Behavior.
3. Double click on Structural, then Linear, then Elastic, then Isotropic.
4. In Linear Isotropic Properties for Material Number 1 enter 29e6 (psi)
for elastic modulus,
EX, and 0.261 for Poissons ratio (PRXY), as in Figure 14, OK.
5. Close (X) the Define Material Model Behavior window.
3.5
Define nodal data
Of course, ANSYS has powerful mesh generation capabilities. However, for beginne
rs or small
problems with only a few nodes you can type in the coordinates, or use cursor in
put via the
graphics window, or read them from a file. Use the first approach:
1. Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Nodes In Active CS.
2. In Create Nodes in Active Coordinate System of Figure 15 enter 1 for
Node number,
X = 0., Y = 0., Z = 0 (in), Apply, enter 2 for Node number, X = 0., Y
= 0., Z = 144.,
Apply, enter 3 for Node number, X = 24., Y = 0., Z = 180., Apply, ent
er 4 for Node
number, X = 0., Y = 0., Z = 180., Apply , enter 22 for Node number, X
= 96., Y =
72., Z = 180., OK.
3. You can also add a non-structural node for beam orientation purposes.
4. If you make a mistake you can return and correct it in the above windo
w, or delete them
all with Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Delete.
Now, plot the nodal values input (node 1 may be hidden behind the axis symbol):
1. Utility Menu PlotCtrls Numbering.
2. In Plot Numbering Controls check node numbers and select element numbe
rs in the
pull down menu, OK.
3. Utility Menu PlotCtrls Numbers and review the plot that is similar to
Figure .
4. To get the reverse video white background of that figure use PlotCtrls
Style Color
Reverse Video.
3.6
Define element attributes
Next you have to associate each of the elements with your previous material numb
ers and real
constant sets. Plan ahead and input those elements of the same type in sequence.
To make
vertical columns from our defined Rectangular HSS section element:
1.
2.
r = 1
BEAM188, Material number = 1, Real constant set = 1, Section number =
2 Tube,
Target element shape = Straight line), OK.
Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Elements Auto numbered
Thru Nodes, as in Figure 17.
4. In Elements from nodes verify that Pick is checked on.
5. In the graphics window, seen in Figure 17, define the first element b
y picking node 1 (a
square symbol appears) then node 2, OK, and the next element number (1
) appears in the
3.
graphics area.
By: Majid Soleimaninia
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hods
6. Repeat this process for the other 7 members (all vertical columns) sh
aring the current real
constants set and section: Thru Nodes pick nodes 2 and 4for element
2 and so on.
Figure 16: Confirm the beam attributes for the first 8 vertical columns members.
Figure 17: Define 8 vertical columns (HHS) elements for second section set (Tube
).
By: Majid Soleimaninia
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For the next 14 horizontal beam elements you need to change the number of its s
ection number
data set from 2 to 1. If those data were still correct but the next element was
made of a different
material then a similar change would be required at this point. To make horizont
al beam
elements from our defined wide flange section element:
1.
2.
r = 1
BEAM188, Material number = 1, Real constant set = 1, Section number =
1 Flange,
Target element shape = Straight line), OK.
Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Elements Auto numbered
Thru Nodes, as in Figure 17.
4. In Elements from nodes verify that Pick is checked on.
5. In the graphics window, seen in Figure 17, define the first element b
y picking node 4 (a
square symbol appears) then node 5, OK, and the next element number (9
3.
) appears in the
graphics area.
6. Repeat this process for the other 13 members (all horizontal beam elem
ents) sharing the
current real constants set and section: Thru Nodes pick nodes 4 and 3f
or element 10 and
so on.
Figure 18: Confirm the beam attributes for the 14 horizontal beam members.
To make corner braces elements from our defined pipe section element:
1.
Figure 19: Confirm the truss attributes for the 8 corner braces members.
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there are three translational RBM plus three rotational ones. Apply the system n
odal
displacement restraints via:
1.
2.
3. In the graphics window, Figure 24, select top node 1 (for complete res
traints), OK. After
the panel changes form, highlight the fixed option for all of the degr
ees of freedom
components (UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY, ROYZ) as the DOF to be constrained
4.
Note that these restraint operations are shown in the graphics window as triangl
es pointing in the
direction of restraint, at each restrained node. To list the current restraints,
Figure 25:
1. Utility Menu List Loads DOF Constraints On All Nodes.
2. When the (Displacement LIST) DLIST window appears check those data and
close it
Review the graphical restraint symbols in Figure 24 to verify the choice you pic
ked from the list
of available displacement restraints.
1.
You may also wish to list the current loads, Figure 28:
1. Utility Menu List Loads Forces On All Nodes.
2. When the Force LIST (FLIST) window appears check those data and close
it.
4
Solve for displacements and secondary variables
To use the current (and only) load system (LS) enter:
1. Main Menu Solution Solve Current LS, review the listed summary, OK.
2. When the solution of the simultaneous equations is complete you will b
e alerted that the
solution is done.
By: Majid Soleimaninia
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Post-processing
5.1
Displacements
It is always wise to visually check the computed displacements:
1. Main Menu General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape.
2. In Plot Deformed Shape pick the combined deflected and undeformed opti
on for the
Items to be plotted (KUND), OK. Check the plot in the graphics window,
such as the one
seen in Figure 30.
3. Animate the computed deflections with:Utility Menu PlotCrtls Animate
Deformed Shape.
4. Pick Def+undeformed in Animate Deformed Shape, OK.
5. If desired, employ the Animation Controller that appears, or simply pi
ck Stop, Close.
Utility Menu PlotCrtls Hard Copy Printer (or File), select your print
er
name, Print.
2. To get the reverse video white background of Figure 30 use PlotCtrls S
tyle Color
Reverse Video.
Since displacements and (infinitesimal) rotations are vector quantities it is wi
se to plot them in
that mode as a visual check of the response of the system. To do that:
1. General Postproc Plot Results Vector Plot Predefined.
2. In Vector Plot of Predefined Vectors select DOF solution, Translation
U, Vector
mode, and element nodes.
The resulting color plot will display the vectors with scaled lengths and with a
color matching
the color bar scale, as seen in Figure 31.
To see a (potentially long) list of displacement results:
1.
2.
r
3.
sum, OK.
Examine the results in the PRNSOL (PRint Nodal SOLution) Command windo
w of
Figure 26 and close it.
4. Likewise, to see the nodal rotations, also in Figure 26, use List Noda
l Solution
Nodal Solutions DOF Solution Rotation vector sum, OK.
By: Majid Soleimaninia
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t Methods