RESISTOR

1. DEFINITION
Resistor is a passive electronic component that that has a function to inhibit the flow of
electricity in electronic circuits. Resistor has resistive material. Resistance has a unit called Ohm
and has a symbol omega (). According to Ohm's law that resistance is inversely proportional to
the amount of current flowing through. In addition, the resistor also has other values such as
tolerance and capacity are able to pass through.
Based on Ohm Law

V=I*R
The law of Ohm claim that resistance inversely proportional with amount of current that pass in
the circuit.

I=
Whereas:
V = Voltage (Volt)
R = Resistance (Ohm)
I = Current (Ampere)

V
R

R=
V
I

2. TYPES OF RESISTOR
In general resistor can be classified into many types, then if we classify of resistor based
on the resistance value can be divided into 3 types:
1. Fixed Resistor
Fixed resistor has constant value of resistance, which all of that was assigned by EIA
(Electronic Industries Association). Fixed value resistor used for electronics circuit for
barrier current in a circuit. Fixed resistor can found in metal film resistor, carbon
resistor, and metal oxide resistor.
2. Variable Resistor
Variable resistor has value of resistance can be changed. There are many kind of
variable resistor but Potentiometer is the most used for variable resistor. Potentiometer
can changed the value of resistance with rotating the axis with screwdriver. Commonly,
variable resistor used for voltage divider that we can use for control volume amplifier,
tone control and many more.

3. Non Linier Resistor

Non Linier Resistor has value of resistance that depend on the area such as temperature,
pressure, light etc. example LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) the resistance will change
if struck the light, Thermistor the resistance will change if temperature struck that
divided into 2 PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) and NTC (Negative Temperature
Coefficient), Strain Gage the resistance will change if pressure struck that, etc.
Then if we classify of resistor based on the material used, can be divided into 3 types:
1. Wire wound Resistor
Wire wound resistor is resistor that made from wire entanglement. So, the value of
resistance determined by long of wire that entanglement. This resistor commonly made
for high power.
2. Carbon Resistor
The main material is carbon charcoal rod. This resistor is most sold and most use for
everyone.
3. Metal Film Resistor
Metal film resistor is a resistor that made from metal oxide. This resistor has better
characteristic than other with lower tolerance like 1% or 2%. This resistor has physical
form like carbon resistor just different color and commonly used for measuring,
industrial and military.

3. READING THE RESISTOR VALUE

The value of resistor can know with color code or text code in resistor. Resistor with the
color code for fixed value resistor with the lower power capacity. And resistor with the text code
for high power capacity and variable resistor.
1. Color Code Resistor
Resistor has 4, 5 or 6 color code. For 4 color code, color 1 and 2 is digit 1 and 2, color 3
is multiplier and color 4 is tolerance. For 5 and 6 color code, color 1, 2 and 3 is digit 1,
2 and 3, color 4 is multiplier and 5 is tolerance. And for color 6 is temperature
coefficient. In sequence of color code is black, brown, orange, red, yellow, green, blue,
violet, gray and white.

2. Text Code Resistor

Resistor with text code can be read easily. Just look at the text on the resistor.
Commonly text code has sequence power capacity, resistance and tolerance. Like 5W
22R J, that shown the resistor has power capacity 5W, resistance 22 and 5% for
tolerance.
4. THE POWER CAPACITY OF RESISTOR
The Power capacity of resistor is maximum power value that can be passed by resistor.
The capacity can be known by look at the physical of resistor or read on the text code of the
resistor. Determining the power capacity is so important to avoid the damage of resistor because
out of limit power capacity make the resistor can be burn. The resistor with the high power
capacity will have big form.
5. THE TOLERANCE OF RESISTOR
If the tolerance of resistor in a range of resistance value, it can be called in good
condition. The tolerance happen because the operational of resistor characteristic is changed. In
resistor, the tolerance shown in 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%. And if the resistor measured and shown
the value out of the range of tolerance that resistor in bad condition
6. APPLICATION OF THE RESISTOR
In real life the resistor has many functions, especially in the electronic circuit:
1. Power electric potential.
2. Minimize the voltage (potential) of electricity. It means that the installation serves to
reduce the power supply voltage from a power source.
3. Reduce electric current. It means that if the installation of a load in a circuit wires, an
electric current flowing into smaller ones.
4. The power supply voltage divided. It means that the use serves to divide the load voltage
from an electric boast, but the result will be equal to the sum of the voltage source.

RESISTOR

Based on Ohm Law :

V=I*R
The law of Ohm claim that resistance inversely proportional with amout of current that pass in
the circuit.

I=
Whereas :
V = Voltage (Volt)
R = Resistance (Ohm)
I = Current (Ampere)
Symbol of Resistors :

V
R

R=
V
I

Fixed Resistor

Variable Resistor

Non Linier Resistor

LDR

(Light Dependent Resistor)

PTC

(Positive Temperature Coeficient)

NTC

(Negative Temperature Coeficient)

Type of Resistors based on Material used :

Wirewound Resistor

Carbon Resistor

Metal Oxide Resistor

Colour Code Resistor :

The application of resistor