Agenda:

Definition of Switchgear
Busbar & Types
Contactor
Fuse
Meters
Electrical Panel
Earthing
12/3/2016

In an electric power system, switchgear is the combination of electrical

disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect
and isolate electrical equipment.
Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be
done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is
important because it is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity
supply.
Bus bar / Cables
Circuit breaker/ Fuses
Relays
MCC/ PCC Panel/ Bus duct
Control Panel
Contactors
Timers
Insulators
Meters (KWH, V,I,PF,F etc.)
Battery Chargers

Busbar is an electrical conductor material (copper or aluminum),

suitably sized to carry specified currents both thermal and short
circuit for a defined time.
It supported on insulators or surrounded by insulation materials,
used to make common connections between many circuits or
interconnect incoming power supply and outgoing feeders.
The shape of busbar material can be any, but widely seen are
rectangular, circular tubes, wires etc.
The major types are :
(1) Rigid bus-bars, used at low, medium, and high voltage;
(2) Strain bus-bars, used mainly for high voltage;
(3) Insulated-phase bus-bars, used at medium voltage; and
(4)Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)-insulated bus-bars, used
medium- and high-voltage systems.

in

The rigid bus-bar is an aluminum or copper bar, which is supported by

porcelain insulators.
The strain bus-bar is a flexible, stranded conductor which is strung between
substation metal structures and held by suspension-type insulators.
The insulated-phase bus-bar is a rigid bar supported by insulators and
covered by a grounded metal shield. The main advantage of this system is
the elimination of short circuits between adjacent phases.
The sulfur hexafluoride-insulated bus-bar is a rigid aluminum tube,
supported by insulators and installed in a larger metal tube, which is filled
with high-pressure sulfur hexafluoride gas

Size of busbar (W*H*L)

Sleeves (Poly vinylidene Fluoride)

Heat Shrink Wire Connector
Dielectric strength: 2kV

A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power

circuit, similar to a relay except with higher current ratings. A contactor is
controlled by a circuit which has a much lower power level than the switched
circuit.
Contactor Specification
1. Rated voltage, Rated current
2. Short circuit current
3. Frequency
4. Nos of Pole
5. Nos of NO/NC contact
6. Type, model etc.
Contactor coil specification
1. AC Supply 1Ph,2Ph, 50HZ/60HZ
2. DC Supply 5/12/24/48/110 VDC

Fuse use for protection into the electrical

circuit or system (one time). If current go
beyond the fuse limit it will be blow
during operation & stop the electrical
equipment (For safer side).
In electronics and electrical engineering a
fuse is a type of low resistance resistor
that acts as a sacrificial device to provide
over-current protection, of either the
load or source circuit. When current go
beyond the fuse rated current, it will
disconnect the live circuit.
Types of Fuse:
1. Glass Fuse
2. HRC Fuse
3. Cylindrical HRC Fuse
4. HT HRC Fuse (3.6KV to 36KV)
5. Bottle Fuse
6. Rewirable Fuse

An electricity meter or energy meter is a device that

measures the amount of electrical energy consumed
by a residence, business or an electrically powered
device.
The most common unit of measurement on the
electricity meter is the Kilowatt hour [kWh], which is
equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one
kilowatt over a period of one hour, or 3,600,000
joules.
Type
1. Electromechanical meter
2. Microprocessor meter
3. Electronic meter
Meter connected with voltage supply (3Ph) and
current transformer wire. It can be show the voltage,
current, PF, KWH, and frequency as per the meter
model.

Diagram of 3Phase LT meter

Required 440VAC: Meter, CT, Fuse and Cable.

Types (In terms of principle)

1. Solid state Meter
2. Electromechanical Meter

Types (In terms of value)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Phase Sequence Meter
Frequency Meter
Power Factor Meter
Trivector Meter (KWH Meter)
Synchronous Meter
Temperature Meter

Type of panels:
1.MCC Panel
2.PCC Panel
3.RTCC Panel
4.APFC Panel
5.HT Panel

Parts are:

1. Power & Control Panel

2. Cables
3. SFU
4. Fuse
5. MCB
6. Power & Control Contactors
7. Control Relay
8. Relays
9. Connectors & Terminals
10. Timer
11.Volt & Current Meters
12.CT
13.Busbars
14.Motors
15.Push Button
16.Selector Switch
17.Indication Lamp
18.Interlocks RTD , Level etc.
19.Transformer

APFC or Automatic Power Factor Control Panels are mainly used for the improvement of
Power Factor. Power Factor can be explained as ratio of active power to apparent power
and it is a key factor in measuring electrical consumption.
The main features of our control panels are:
1. Maintains high Power Factor constantly
2. High efficiency
3. In-built independent fuses/MCB's/MCCB's
4. Protection from excess power in the system.
5. Prevents leading Power Factor in low load conditions
6. Clearly marked buttons and indicators
7. Line Reactors (5.67%, 7%, 14%) for minimizing Harmonic.
8. Easy to use
9. Corrosion-resistant
10. Long lasting
11. Electrical insulation
12. Protects electrical equipments.
13. Capacitor Switching- Contactor/Thyristor.
14. Auto/Manual Switching function.
15. Online Capacitor health Check function.
KVA=KW+ KVAR

And KVAR=KW*tan

Electrical Earthing is classified into many types as

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Neutral Earthing
Body Earthing
Pipe Earthing
Plate Earthing
Chemical Earthing
Ground Compound Earthing
Grid Earthing (<0.2ohm)

Inverter used for converting D.C to A.C supply. Inverter we

can use in industry for controlling the electrical motor speed
by controlling a voltage, frequency and current etc.

Thank you

12/3/2016 ABHISHEK KUMAR GOYAL BE

/MBA / PGDBA

19