Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Abutment

C13

General column design by PROKON.

Design code : ACI 318 - 2005

Input tables
General design parameters:
Code

X/Radius or
Bar dia. (mm)

Y (mm)
Angle ()

25.000
650.000
25.000

25.000
10950.000

-25.000

25.000

-650.000
-25.000

-25.000
-10950.000

87.500

25

612.500

25

612.500

25

87.500

25

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

Date

87.500
87.500
10912.500
10912.500
602.976
602.976
1118.452
1118.452
1633.929
1633.929
2149.405
2149.405
2664.881
2664.881
3180.357
3180.357
3695.833

(GenCol Ver W2.5.04 - 24 Feb 2011)

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

612.500

25.000

87.500

25.000

Client
Calcs by

3695.833
4211.310
4211.310
4726.786
4726.786
5242.262
5242.262
5757.738
5757.738
6273.214
6273.214
6788.690
6788.690
7304.167
7304.167
7819.643
7819.643
8335.119
8335.119
8850.595
8850.595
9366.071
9366.071
9881.548
9881.548
10397.024

Checked by

Date

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

612.500

25.000

112.500

25.000

112.500

25.000

137.500

25.000

137.500

25.000

162.500

25.000

162.500

25.000

187.500

25.000

187.500

25.000

212.500

25.000

212.500

25.000

237.500

25.000

237.500

25.000

262.500

25.000

262.500

25.000

287.500

25.000

287.500

25.000

312.500

25.000

312.500

25.000

337.500

25.000

337.500

25.000

362.500

25.000

362.500

25.000

387.500

25.000

387.500

25.000

412.500

25.000

Client
Calcs by

10397.024
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500

Checked by

Date

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

412.500

25.000

437.500

25.000

437.500

25.000

462.500

25.000

462.500

25.000

487.500

25.000

487.500

25.000

512.500

25.000

512.500

25.000

537.500

25.000

537.500

25.000

562.500

25.000

562.500

25.000

587.500

25.000

587.500

25.000

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500
87.500
10912.500

Design loads:
Load
case

Designation

Combo

Ultimate limit state design loads

P (kN)

Mx top (kNm)

6277

Code specific parameters:

d - see Clause 10.11.1

% of moments that are as a

result of sway - X direction

% of moments that are as a

result of sway - Y direction

ds - see Clause 10.13.4.3

My top (kNm)

Mx bot (kNm)

My bot (kNm)

3060.1

3260

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Date

ACI 318 - 2005

Given:
Lo = 4.500 m
fc' = 35 MPa
fy = 320 MPa
Ac = 7657518 mm
Assumptions:
(2) The specified design axial loads include
the self-weight of the column.
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant
over the height of the column.

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the top end: Condition 3 (pinned).
At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
The column is unbraced.
Effective length factor = 1.60
Effective column height:
k Lu = . Lo
= 1.6 4.5
= 7.200 m

Column slenderness about weakest axis:

k Lu/r =
=

k Lu
r
7.2
.20197

= 35.649

10000

X X

5000

General design parameters:

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Date

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:
10.12.3.2
eminx = 0.6 . 0.0254 + 0.03 . h
= 0.6 0.0254 + 0.03 .7
= 0.0362 m

10.12.3.2
eminy = 0.6 . 0.0254 + 0.03 . b
= 0.6 0.0254 + 0.03 11
= 0.3452 m

Mminx = eminx. N
= .03624 6277
= 227.478 kNm

Check if the column is slender:

kLux/r = 35.6 > 22 = 22
The column is slender.

10.12.2
10.13.2

Check maximum slenderness limit:

kLu/r = 35.6 < 100
Maximum Slenderness limit not exceeded.

10.11.5

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = -0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 3060.1 kNm
The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = -0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 3260.0 kNm

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Moment Magnification:
For bending about the weakest axis:
The bending moments M1 and M2 about the X-X and Y-Y axes are transformed to
moments about the weakest axis and summed to give resultant moments about the
weakest axis. Moment magnification is now performed and the slenderness induced moments are transformed back to the X-X and Y-Y axes.
Weakest axis lies at an angle of -90.00 to the X-X axis
EsIs = Es. Ist
= 210 1 896.3
= 398.2103 kNm

Ec. Ig
+ Es . Ist
5
EI =
1 + d
28.001 312373
+ 210 1 896.3
5
=
1 +0
= 2.148106 kNm

Pc =

2 . EI
k Lu2

2 2148103
7.2 2

= 408.9103 kN
Pu = 6277.0 kN

= 0.650
Where no end moment or pin exists, the minimum moment emin N = 227.5 kNm is used.
Moments at Top of column:
M2b

= cos(-90.00)*227.48 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

M2s

= cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Moments at Middle of column:

Mb

= cos(-90.00)*-1530.05 + sin(-90.00)*-1630.00) = 1.630E3

Ms

= cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Moments at Bottom of column:

Date

10.12

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M1b

= cos(-90.00)*227.48 + sin(-90.00)*-3260.00) = 3.260E3

M1s

= cos(-90.00)*-0.00 + sin(-90.00)*-0.00) = 0.000

Cm = 1

Date

10.12.3.1

Cm is based on the assumption that the maximum moment occurs

at mid height - see commentary on clause 10.12.3.1 ACI code.
For checking top and bottom of the column, Cm is taken as 1.

b =

Cm
Pu
1 0.75 . Pc
1
6277103
1 0.75 4089105

= 1.021
With the proviso that

(10-9)

b > = 1.0
1

b(top&bot) =
1=

Pu
0.75 . Pc

1
6277103
10.75 4089105

= 1.021
With the proviso that

(10-9)

b > = 1.0
s = 1.000

(10-9)

Additional moment at Top of column:

Madd = (b. Mb + s . Ms ) - (Mb + Ms )
= (1.0209 227.48 + 1 0 ) - (227.48 + 0 )
= 4.754 kNm

Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00) = 0.0 kNm

Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00) = 0.0 kNm
Additional moment at Middle of column:

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Madd = (b. Mb + s . Ms ) - (Mb + Ms )

= (1.0209 0 + 1 0 ) - (0 + 0 )
= 0.0000100 kNm

Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00) = 0.0 kNm

Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00) = 4.8 kNm
Additional moment at Bottom of column:
Madd = (b. Mb + s . Ms ) - (Mb + Ms )
= (1.0209 227.48 + 1 0 ) - (227.48 + 0 )
= 4.754 kNm

Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00) = 0.0 kNm

Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00) = 68.1 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 6277.0 kN
For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a)
Mtopx = Mtop + Madd
=0 +0
= 0.0000100 kNm

(b)
Mbotx = Mbot - Madd
= -3 060.1 - 0
= -3 060.1000 kNm

10.12.3

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Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Date

Mx=3060.1 kNm
Mxmin=227.5 kNm

Mxbot=3060.1 kNm
Initial

Additional

Design

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a)

10.12.3

Mtopy = Mtop + Madd

= 0 + 68.126
= 68.126 kNm

(b)
Mboty = Mbot - Madd
= -3260 - 68.126
= -3 328.1260 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=3191.9 kNm
Mymin=227.5 kNm

Mybot=3260.0 kNm

Myadd=68.1 kNm

Initial

Additional

Design

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Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the top end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 1 lies at an angle of 0.00 to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 1 is 19.86
For bending about the design axis:

Moment max = 283E3kNm @ 64E3kN

Interaction Diagram
13E4
12E4
11E4
10E4
90E3
Axial load (kN)

80E3
70E3
60E3
50E3
40E3

Bending moment (kNm)

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:
The final design moments were calculated as the vector sum of the X- and Y- moments
of the critical load case. This also determined the design axis direction
At the top, Mx = 227.5 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 2686.2 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 4421.8 kNm

30E4

25E4

20E4

15E4

10E4

6277 kN

50E3

227 kNm 0.00

-50E3

-10E4

-15E4

-20E4

10E3

-25E4

20E3

-30E4

30E3

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Stresses at the top end of the column for the critical load case 1

ACI 318 - 2005

10000

DX5000
XD0.0

0
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design table for critical load case:
Moments and Reinforcement for LC 1:Combo
Middle

Bottom

Madd-x

(kNm) 0.0

Top

0.0

-0.0

Madd-y

(kNm) 0.0

4.8

-68.1

Mx

(kNm) 0.0

-1836.1

3060.1

My

(kNm) 0.0

-1960.8

3191.9

M'

(kNm) 227.5

2686.2

4421.8

Design axis ()

0.00

226.88

226.21

Safety factor

19.86

19.86

19.86

(mm) 41233

41233

41233

0.54 %

0.54 %

76575

76575

Asc
Percentage
AsNom

0.54 %
(mm) 76575

Critical load case: LC 1

Design results for all load cases:

Load case

Axis

N (kN)

Load case 1
Combo

X-X
Y-Y

6277.0

M1 (kNm)

0.0
0.0

M2 (kNm)

Mi (kNm)

-3060.1
-3260.0

-1836.1
-1956.0

Madd (kNm)

0.0
68.1

Design

M (kNm)

M' (kNm)

Top

3060.1
3191.9

227.5

Safety
factor

19.864