Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 : 1
-I 1
- 1 1 . 6
6
2
.
- II
1
:
:
:
5 4 2 1
2
3
:
A
B
C
10
20
45
ADN
ARN
98
0
0
10
84
1
0
97
0
1 , .
:
ARNm
= 0
= 30 ARNm
ARNm
. 2
)2 .
:
5
/
.
ARNm
ARNm
.
2
. :
:( )+
( )-
+
+
+ + ( )DNP
ATP
+
+ ARNm +
+ ARNm + ATP +
3
- 4 ,
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2016
1 : 1
5 .5
.
.
1 ( )1 .
- .
- ) ( 1 ( , )2 .
- ( )5 .
( ) 10 .
2 ()() ( )2 ( )10 .1
1
6
4 +5
3
2
--
--
2
1. 8
- ()() ( )2 .
- () .
- ( )6 (.)2
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2016
1 : 1
( )2 , ( )7
.
3 ( )Gly
( .) Lys .1=PH
- .
( PHi ) . R(Gly)= H. R(Lys)=(CH2)4-NH2
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2016
1 : 1
5 . 3
https://www.facebook.com/Bourrich-ahmed-487472144634644/timeline/?ref=hl
2016
1 : 1
.ADN
1 I - .
- 4 ( )1 :
[ ] .
2 - ()1
- .
- . .
- II ADN
1 -
()2
(
) ARN
(. )3
ARNt
- ) ( 4
. -2 - 2 3 4
.
- , .
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2016
1 : 1
-I
. 1
1 1 ( 5)1
1 .6
- 2 4
.
3 4 . 6
- 4 4 .
5 4 AND
II () 2
ARNm
() .
1
--
--
--
1
2
3
5
6
1 ()
.2
3 ( )ARNt- Ala
ARNm ( )2 ()
.2
2 3
ALa
.ARNt
Cys
3
( )3
( ) .
Cys Ala
- .
ACA
ACA
4 :
ARNt
:
.
-
3
.
- .
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2016
1 : 1
.
1 ( )1 ARN
.
- 1.9
- .
- . .
2 ( )2 () (.)1
- . 2
.
-
3 ( )3
( )1 .
( )
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2016
1 : 1
.3
- .
- ( )2
( )
.
1 ARN . ARN
.
- ARN
2
()1
( )
.
( )2,1
1
.
-
( )4
(.)C
.
3
.
:
(.)2
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2016
1 : 1
:
()1
) ( )) .
1 - 1. 8
- ( ) () .
-() .
- 2 ( ( () :
6 (). . - 3 ( )1 ()3
(.)4
-
- .
- 4
(. )2
- .
- 1 .2
-
() .
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2016
1 : 1
, :
I ( ) .
,
( )1 (. )1
( )2 ( )1 .
1
4
ARNm
10
10
1
1
1 ( )1 (: )1
-
- .
2 1 , 5 ( )2 (.)1
3 () , (.)2
4 () , .
5 ( )1 (, )4 .
II :
(
) .
( )2 E1
241 . 245
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10
2016
1 : 1
1 (.)2
2 , E1
ADN .
( )3
.
3 ,
.
3
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11
1 : 1
2016
.
I
() 1 () 1
.
1 . 1
-2 . 1
3 () .
7
9
10
1
11
- II () 1 .
:
: 1
(
:
)
406
ATP + ARNm +
1
1 .
15
ATP + ARNm
2
2
50
ARNm +
3
3
5
ATP +
4
.
: 2
( )1(: )2
( )1( )2 2
( )1( )2
2
( )1( )2
1.5
.
1
( )1 ( )2( .)ARNt
1
0.5
( )1( )2
51
10 15
20
25
. 2
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12
2016
1 : 1
1 ( )1()2
.
2
III ( )3
II
.
1 .
2 .3
3 .
4
, ADN .
- I ( 1,) .
1 1 . 10
2 (-1) (-1) .
- 3 (-1) -
.
4 - (-1) .
-
- II : () 20 (
) . :
1960 ARNm
. ARN
. .
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13
2016
1 : 1
.
ARNm
( -2) ( -2).
- 1
- 2 .
- III II , I :
" ADN ".
ARNm ADN .
1 .
1 : 1
. 1
.
- .
-2 1 2
X
. A
1
.
-2 2 3
X . B
. X
A
. B
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14
2016
1 : 1
. .
-3 ADN
: ADN
C T T A C G G C C T C G
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
* :
: 8 ( . ) T
: ( ) C 6 . 7
: 7 .
-1 ADN
-2 .
-3 , , ARNm
ADN .
-4 ADN , , , ARNm
, .
( ) Ala
( ) Arg
Asn
Asp
Glu
Cys
GCU,
GCC,
GCA,
GCG
CGU, CGC,
CGA, CGG,
AGA, AGC
AAU,
AGC
GAU,
GAC
GAA,
GAG
UGU,UGC
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Gly
Gln
CAA,
CAG
GGU,
GGC,
GGA,
GGG
15
2016
1 : 1
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16
2016
1 : 1
.
:
- 1 ( )1 .
.
) ( 1
(.)1
- 2
()2
2 . .
3
( ) .
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17
2016
1 : 1
- 3 ) ).
:
- 1 - ) ( 1 .
1 -
.
. ( )2 .
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18
2016
1 : 1
-
-
- 2 ) ( 3 ( )ARNm
1 5 A b (.)3
- ) ( 3 .
- 3 .
. - II , .
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19
2016
1 : 1
(. )01
()01
-1
-2 ( )01 ADN ARNm .
-3 .
-4 UUU . Phe
- 5 ( , , ) ( 2 3 ) 4
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20
2016
1 : 1
) 1 "
- 1 .
- 1
1 .
2 - 1 .
,
, - 2 .
- 2
1
, .
2 .
3 .
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21
1 : 1
2016
1
2
.
3
1
2
3
:
/
/
/
/
/
/
;;
::
::
::
) 2 , " " .
:
- - -
: 1
-1
8
1
GAU
GAG
UGU
AGA
AGA
CGA
CAC
-2 ( ADN )
- 3 -2- .
)
) ( , ) . 2
) ( )7 2
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UCG
3
22
2016
1 : 1
.
.
-1 , , ( 1 )1
( 2 .)1
, ,
. 2.
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23
2016
1 : 1
( 1 )2 . -3 ARN ADN . 3
. ARN
- 1 2 . 3
- (. )3
- ADN .
- 3 4 .
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24
2016
1 : 1
- I ADN
.
( ) 1 () .
1 1 6 (--).
2 ( , )2 ( )2( )5 (.)1
2
3 ( )2 ( )3
.
4 () .
5 .
II ( , )Gly .
1= PH NaOH
PH
PH
()-X-
()
PH ( )y- (.)3
1
2 Phi.
()
3 (--) .
()
. R=H
3
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25
2016
1 : 1
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26
1 : 1
2016
.
.
I ( -1) ARN
.ARNt
( -1) .
1 - () () ( -1) .
ARNt .
2 ( -1)
- . .
- 1
- 1
T
()
()
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27
1 : 1
2016
1 , ( )2 .Dics-x.
( )3 1
( ) ( ).
() :
862
870
() :
ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG
GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG
UAA
UAG
UGA
GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG
Thr
GLy
ALa
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
Pro
CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
Arg
AUU
AUC
AUA
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
Ile
Ser
2 2 3 Dics-x
1 . T
, :
(: )1
() : 6
--
.
() :
1 ,
2 ( )2
122
--
.
(.)2
1
- (.)2
-
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28
2016
1 : 1
( 5. )7
. 2
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29
2016
1 : 1
1 I :
1 2 3 4 5
6
2 :
()
II
:
1
:
2 : 2
ARN :
= 0 = 30 ARN
ARN.
= 30 ARNm ( )
ARNm .
:
ARN . ARN
.
:
3 :
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30
2016
1
2
3
4
5
1 : 1
DNP
ATP
.
+ ARNm
+ ARNm + ATP+
4 :
( ARNt) + Mg++ PO-4
-1
2 ARN -3 4
( ADN 1)
6 ARNm 5 -9 ATP 8 ARNt -7
10
9/
:
: 1
: ARN (.)ADN
ADN .: 2
: . - ARNm :
ADN . ADN .
- ( ) 10 :
.
.
. :
.
( )
:
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31
2016
1 : 1
()
.
(
.)3
2 1: 8
1 () 2 ARNt ATP 3
6 ( ) ARNm -8 ARNt 7
2Pi 5 AMP -4
- :
() :
: - : ARNt - ( ARNt - ) ATP () :
: - : ( - )ARNm - ( ) ARNt - () ( ) ARNt
:
: 1 : ( ARNt ARNt () ATP
: 2 ( : ) ARNt- ARNt ATP -
.
: 3 : ATP ARNt
: ( ARNt ) ARNt-
- (: )6
ARNt .
ARNt
P A.
- ( ARNt)7 :
ARNt ARNt .
ARN (.)ARNm
3 :
H Gly+
. ( ) . Lys+2
.
+
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32
2016
1 : 1
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33
2016
1 : 1
5
22
= 3+ 3x22 +
3 = 72=3+3+66
- 1 1 :5 .ARNt 1 : 6
1 ( -2 )phe -3 5 ARNt -4 ARNm 6
- 2 4 :
ARNt 20 20= ARNt
3 ARNt : ARNm
- ARNm A : ARNt U
G .C
4 ARNt :
-
ARNt :
.
ARNm
- 5 4 ADN :
ARNt ( ADN ARNt U )T
-1- II ()
:2
GGG GAG ACA CCA CTA CTT TTT ACG GTA 2 :ARNt
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34
2016
1 : 1
1 - :
-4
3
1 2
7
6
5
- :
() : 3,2,1: ( ARNr) 4 ( ARNt)
() : 4,3,2,1 5 ( ARNm). - :
() :
5 () : ARNm . ()
.... . 2 (: )2
:
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35
2016
1 : 1
- , ARNm
, :
.
3 :
:
. - :
ARNm
1 - :
ARNm . - :ARN
ARNm ARNm. 2 .
AUG CUG GUG GAG AGG UGA :
MET-LEU-VAL-GLU-ARG - ( )4 (:)C
( LEU )2 Val () .
( ):
-
( )ADN .
3
:
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36
2016
1 : 1
https://www.facebook.com/Bourrich-ahmed-487472144634644/timeline/?ref=hl
37
2016
1 : 1
https://www.facebook.com/Bourrich-ahmed-487472144634644/timeline/?ref=hl
38
2016
1 : 1
-1- I - :
( )
- :
:
.
.
2 1: 5
3 ( ARN).
2 ADN 1
5 ADN
4 ADN
( )2 (: )1 ( . ) ARNm
3 () : ARN
ARN : ARN ARNm . ARN ADN . ARN () . ARNm ARN ( ) ADN.
4 () : ARNm
: ( ) ( )
- : - - (.)A.C.U.G
-5 :
ARNm .
II
- 1 ( : )2 ()
- 2 :E1
UUU UCA CAC UCU AAA : ARNm : : -3 :
:
GT 242 GT 243 TG T 242 G 243 TG 243 :
243 UAA 244 . - ( ) .
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39
2016
1 : 1
1 I : 1
-2 3 -4 ADN - 5
1
6 7 ARN -8 -9 -10
ARNm 11
2 : 1
3 () : :
: ARN ADN .
ADN . ARN
ADN .
: ARN ADN ARN
ADN.
: ARNm ADN
ADN .
ATP .
- II : 1
1 :
( : )1 .
( : )2 .
( : )3 .ATP
( : )4 . ARNm
2 :
+ + ATP ARNm
3 :
: ATP .
: ARNm ( ) .
: 2
1 :
( ) 1
( )2 .
2 :
( ) 1 .
( ) 2
ARNt ( ).
1- III :
4 -5
-2 ADN 1 ARN ARNm - 3
2 :
3 :
:
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40
2016
1 : 1
.
4 :
ADN .
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41
2016
1 : 1
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42
2016
1 : 1
1 :
: 1
:ARNm 2 0 2 .
: 4 . 4
: ADN .8
:
:ARNm .
: 4 .
: ADN 8 .
.
: .
- ARNm : . ADN
-2
1 :
Arg
Cys
Try
Val
Cys
Try
Val
ARNm
GUC
UGG
UGU
GUC
UGG
UGU
CGU
ADN
CAG
ACC
ACA
CAG
ACC
ACA
GCA
ADN
GTC
TGG
TGT
GTC
TGG
TGT
CGT
-2
: X
ATT CAA
UAA GUU
ARNm
Cys
Val
Try
Cys
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Arg
43
1 : 1
2016
A : B
1 5 5 B
A 6 . 7
: ACC ATT
:
CAG
ACC
ACA
CAG
ACC
ACA
GCA
GTC
TGG
TGT
GTC
TGG
TGT
CGT
CAA
ATT
ACA
CAG
ACC
ACA
GCA
TGT
GTC
TGG
TGT
CGT
: -3
-1 : ADN .
-2 :
.
-3 : ARNm
G ADN
ARNm
T
A
G
C
A
A
ADN :
G A A U G C C G G A G C
ARNm
Arg
Asn
Glu
Cys
-4 ADN , :
: ARNm
:
A C G
G T C T C G
1
G C
ARNm
Asn
2
ARNm
T
A
C A
C
G
Glu
ARNm
Gln
G
Cys
C G
C
C G
Arg
T
A
C
G
Gly
C
G
G
C
C
G
Cys
C
G
Cys
A
Glu
A
U
T
A
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T
A
Glu
T
A
Glu
C
G
44
2016
1 : 1
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45
2016
1 : 1
.ARN
.
:
ARNm .
ARNm .
- 2 - ) ( 2 .
POLYSOMES ARNm
. ARNm . ( ).
:
1
- 2
ARNm 3
-7
ARNt -6
5 ()A
4 ()p
-9
8
:
- 3 .
.
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46
2016
1 : 1
1 - .
:
: . - :
ARNm .
2 :
-3
-2
1
A ARNt .
p ARNt .
ARNm -5 ARNt 4
:
.
ARN- : ( )
: . AUG
- II :
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47
2016
1 : 1
-1 20 :
4 :
-2 ( )01 ADN
: ADN . T
-3
:
: 1 4 (.
=) 4
: 16 = 2 4 (.
)16
: 64
20)64 = 3 4( .
-4 UUU : Phe
ATP ARN
( ) ( ) ARNm
:
( (
:
UUU ARNm ( ) Phe
-5 ( ) ( 2 3 . ) 4
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48
1 : 1
2016
) 1 1 -
2
1
2
1
2
- )2
: ARNm
( ) .
: . ARNm
" ARNm ARNase
.
.
: .
: ARNm
.
1
ACA CUC CUA
AGC GUG
AND
GAT
GAG
TGT
3
2 ADN 1
ARNt 5
9
3 ARNm
6
10
7
11
ARNp
ARNt
8
ADN
ARNpm
ARNm
ARNt
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49
2016
1 : 1
https://www.facebook.com/Bourrich-ahmed-487472144634644/timeline/?ref=hl
50
2016
1 : 1
https://www.facebook.com/Bourrich-ahmed-487472144634644/timeline/?ref=hl
51
2016
1 : 1
https://www.facebook.com/Bourrich-ahmed-487472144634644/timeline/?ref=hl
52
2016
1 : 1
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53
2016
1 : 1
-1 I - () () ( -1) :
" " : .
" " : .
- : ARNt
ARNt
:
.
ARNm .
2 ( -1) :
( ARNt )
: ARNt
( .) ARNm
( ).
- :
( " )ARNt .
ARNt .
ARNt ARNm ,
ADN
. ARNm
-1 II : Dics-x
T 1 .
- 2 Dics-x :
ARNm :
CCC CGA AUU.........:
PRO - Arg - ILe
CCC UGA AUU.........:
PRO
: ADN G A 865 ( C
T 865 ).
"" ARNm , (
)IL .
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54
2016
1 : 1
ADN
1
ARNm
ARNm
ARNt
ARNm
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55