motor innervation

diafragma
shoulder elevation
elbow flexion
elbow extension
finger abduction
thoracic expansion
hip flexion
knee extension
foot inversion
foot eversion
ankle dorsiflexion
ankle plantar flexion
anale sphincter tension
reflex innervation
biceps tendonreflex
triceps tendon reflex
knee tendon reflex
achillestendon reflex

C3-4-5
C4
C5,6
C7
C8
Th1-12
L2
L3-4
L4
L5
L5-S1
S1-2
S4-5
C5-6
C6-7
L3-4
L5-S1

trigeminus

SPINE FRACTURES

C3
C4
C5
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8

C5

T1

T9
T10
T11
T12
L1

C6
C8

L3
L2

C7

impairment scale according to ASIA

A no motor or sensory function of S4-S5
B no motor function below leasion incl. S4-S5
with intact sensory function
C at least half of key muscles strength <3
wth intact sensory function,
D at least half of key muscles strength >3
with intact sensory function,
E
normal motor and sensory function

C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
S1
S2
S3
S4
S1

C6

C7

N cu
brachii m

N musc
cutaneu
C6 N radialis
C8
S2

C7

S1

L4
L3

L3

L5

S2

L4
S1

L5

L5

S2

S1

L4

S2
L4

L5

strenght according to the Medical Research Counsil (MRC) scale

5
active movement against full resistance
4
active movement against some resistance
3
active movement against gravity
2
active movement without gravity
1
palpable or visible contraction without movement
0
no contraction or movement
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Holla & Hosman

HOLLAS

ORTHOPAEDIC POCKETCARDS

2007

N medialis

SPINE FRACTURES
classication of thoraco/ lumbar spine fractures according to Magerl/AO spine:
type A: compression

spine fractures type A: compression

A 1.1

A 1.2

endplate impaction

wedge impaction
A 2.2

A 2.1

sagittal split

incomplete burst

corpus collaps
A 2.3

coronal split

pincer fracture
A 3.3

A 3.2

A 3.1

HOLLAS

A 1.3

burst-split

complete burst

ORTHOPAEDIC POCKETCARDS

2007

SPINE FRACTURES
classication of thoraco/ lumbar spine fractures according to Magerl/AO spine:
type B: exion/distraction

spine fractures type B: flexion/distraction

B 1.1

B 1.2

transv. disruption disc

type A + post ligament

B 2.1

B 2.2

B 2.3

flexion-spondylolysis

flexion-distraction+A

B 3.2

B 3.3

transv. bicolumn

B 3.1

hyperextensionsubluxation

HOLLAS

hyperextensionspondylolysis

posterior dislocation

M.Holla 30/09/06

ORTHOPAEDIC POCKETCARDS

2007

SPINE FRACTURES
classication of thoraco/ lumbar spine fractures according to Magerl/AO spine:
type C: rotation

spine fractures type C: rotation

C 1.1

C 1.2

C 1.3

rotation+ A1 (wedge)

rotation+ A2 (split)

rotation+ A3 (burst)

C 2.1

C 2.2

C 2.3

rotation+B1

rotation+B2
C 3.2

C 3.1

rotation+B3 (shear)
disc
disruption

vertebral
body fracture

posterior column#
or rupture of
posterior ligaments

type A

shear slice fracture

HOLLAS

shear oblique fracture

rotation

type B

ORTHOPAEDIC POCKETCARDS

type B3.1

type C

2007