Laboratory work Nr.

1
Design and construction of lathe tools
Aim of the work
Practical acquaintance with styles of lathe tools, their geometrical elements and devices that are used
for measurements.
Devices for work
1.
2.
3.
4.

Caliper;
Goniometers (universal and special);
Radius templates;
Various lathe tools.

Order of the work

1. Research the styles of lathe tools. Sort out lathe tools by kind of operation (lead-angle turning, boring,
facing, etc), by the shape of the point and its position in respect to the shank (straight-shank, bent-shank,
etc) and by direction of feed (left-cut, right-cut);
2. Draw drafts of three lathe tools which are directed by tutor. Show all surfaces and planes of a tool point
and workpiece (Fig. 1.1);
Surface of the
cut

v
Work surface

Machined
surface
s
Plane of the
cut

Basic
plane

Fig. 1.1 Various surfaces distinguished in turning operation

3. Draw drafts of three lathe tools. Show all elements and dimensions of a tool (Fig. 1.2);

Tip

Tool shank

Face

Tool point

View facing
arrow A
r

End (auxiliary)
cutting edge
End (auxiliary) flank

f
h

Side (main) flank

Nose
l
Side (main) cutting edge

Fig. 1.2 Elements of a single-point tool: B is width of a shank; H is height of a shank; L is length of the tool; h is
height of the tool point; l is length of the tool sharpening; f is the width of the margin; r is a nose radius

4. Draw drafts of three lathe tools and workpieces. Show sections in the main reference plane and in the
auxiliary reference plane. Show angles of tools (Fig. 1.3);
Section along auxiliary reference plane

Section along main reference plane

Auxiliary plane of
the cut (trace)

Basic plane (trace)

Basic plane (trace)

View facing
arrow C

Plane of the cut (trace)

Basic plane (trace)

Auxiliary reference plane (trace)

Main reference plane (trace)

Fig. 1.3 Workpiece surface and tool angles: is side (main) relief angle; is side-rake angle; 1 is end-relief angle; 1 is
end-rake angle; is wedge angle; is cutting angle; is plan approach angle; 1 is end-cutting-edge angle; is nose
angle; is angle of inclination of the side (main) cutting edge

5. Measure dimensions B, H, L, l, h, f of three lathe tools by calliper. Measure nose radius r by radius
template. Present measured dimensions in the table 1.1;
6. Measure angles , , 1, 1, by special goniometer (Fig. 1.4) and angles , 1 by universal goniometer
(Fig. 1.5). Present measured angles in table 1.1;

Fig. 1.4 Measuring of angles , and by special goniometer

Fig. 1.5 Measuring of angles and 1 by universal goniometer

7. Calculate wedge angle , cutting angle , nose angle of three lathe tools, using formulas:
90

(1.1)
90

(1.2)

180 1
(1.3)

where is wedge angle, deg; is side (main) relief angle, deg; is side-rake angle, deg; is cutting angle,
deg; is nose angle, deg; is plan approach angle, deg; 1 is end-cutting-edge angle, deg.
Present calculated angles in table 1.1;
8. Calculate side (main) relief angle lg and side-rake angle lg in the longitudinal plane and side (main)
relief angle tr and side-rake angle tr in the transverse plane (Fig. 1.6) by following formulas:
tg lg

tg
cos

(1.4)

tg tr

tg
sin

(1.5)
tg lg tg cos tg sin

(1.6)

tg tr tg sin tg cos
(1.7)

where lg is side (main) relief angle in the longitudinal plane, deg; is side (main) relief angle, deg; is plan
approach angle, deg; tr is side (main) relief angle in the transverse plane, deg; lg is side-rake angle in the
longitudinal plane, deg; is side-rake angle, deg; is angle of inclination of the side (main) cutting edge,
deg; tr is side-rake angle in the transverse plane, deg.

Present calculated angles in table 1.1;

9. Establish material of cutting part of three lathe tools by marking on the shank. Present marks in the table
1.1;

Section B-B

tr
tr
Section A-A
A

lg

lg

A
Fig. 1.6 Tool angles in the longitudinal and transverse planes

Contents of Report
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Title of the work;

Aim of the work;
Devices for work;
Drafts of tools (see s. 2, 3 and 4);
Table of results of measuring and calculation (Table 1.1);
Conclusions.

lg

lg

tr

tr

Remark

Angles, deg

Material

Dimensions, mm

Nose radius r, mm

Style of lathe tool

Nr. of tool

Table 1.1 Table of results of measurements and calculating