Tetraamin Copper (II) Sulphate

27th May 2016

A. Objective
Studying the complex salt production tetraamin copper (II) sulphate as a result of
reaction between cupric sulfate bunch of ammonia and its properties.
B. Theory
Copper (Cu) is metallic pink is a soft, malleable, and pliant. These metals melt at a
temperature of 1038 and has a positive electrode potential (+0.34V for couples
Cu/Cu2+). These metals are capable of forming salts are generally blue, either in the
form of hydrates, solid, or in aqueous solution. Examples of the salt is in the form of
ions tetraakuokuprat (II) [Cu(H2O)4]2+ (Svehla, 1990).
Coordination compound is a compound formed from simple ions (cations and
anions) and the complex ion. The fourth period of transition elements can form various
types of complex ions. Ion complex consisting of transition metal cations and ligands.
Ligands are molecules or ions are bound to the transition metal cations. Examples of
the complex ion is [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
Coordination chemistry or chemical complex is part of the study the chemistry of
coordination compounds or complex compounds. These compounds are molecules
composed of a combination of two or more molecules that are already saturated, for
example:
BF3 + NH3
----------> BF3.NH3
4KCN + Fe(CN)2 ---------> Fe (CN)2.4KCN
CoCl3 + 6NH3 -----------> CoCl3.6NH3
PtCl2 + KCl + C2H4 -------> PtCl2.KCl.C2H4
Co(NO2)3 + KNO2 + 2NH3 ----> Co(NO2)3.KNO2.2NH3.
(Sukardjo,1985)
Theory coordination of Warner is the basis for coordination chemistry. This theory
basing their secondary valence may explain the properties and stereochemistry of
many complex compounds. However, with the development of the theory of atom deep
perverse modern and the fact that Warner's theory can not explain many properties of
complex compounds, arise new theories of coordination chemistry.
Bond theory in complex compounds originally given by Lewis and Sidgwik. This
theory because it can not explain the geometric forms of the compounds was later
abandoned. Three theories that then arises is :
a. Valence bond theory or Valence Bond Theory (VBT)
b. Kriatal field theory or Crystal Field Theory (CFT) and
c. Molecular orbital theory or Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT) (Sukardjo,1985)
Copper (Cu) is one of the lightest metal and the least active. Cu + experience
disproporsionisasi spontaneously at standard state (default). This does not mean the
compound solution of Cu (l) not be formed. To assess the state of how the Cu (l) and
Cu (lI) is formed, which is made (Cu +) enough in many water solution, Cu 2+ will be in

large quantities (because its concentration should be about two million multiplied by
the square of the Cu 2+). Disproporsionisasi this would be perfect. On the other hand if
the Cu + kept very low (as in the slightly soluble substances or complex ions steady).
Cu2 + is very small and copper (I) to settle (Petrucci, 1987)
Copper forms compounds with +1 and +2 oxidation state, but only the copper (II)
stable and dominate in the solution. In water, almost all of the salt of copper (II) due to
the color blue by six coordination complex ion [[Cu(H2O)6] 2+.
The reaction of Cu 2+ ions with OH- to share depends on the concentration of the
method. Penambahanion hydroxide to a solution of copper (II) sulphate (0.1 to 0.5 M)
in bertetes with a speed of 1 mL / min resulted in a light blue gelatinous precipitate of
salts of copper (II) sulfate hydroxide, not precipitated Cu(OH)2 . (Sugiarto 2003)
Copper compounds are diamagnetic. Superficially oxidized copper sulfide in the air,
sometimes produces a green color layer hydroxo hydroxide carbonate and sulfate and
SO2, in the atmosphere of soluble copper in nitric acid and sulfuric acid in the presence
of oxygen. Kupro relative stability and cupric potential defined by Cu* = 0:52 V and Cu +
0.153 V. The relative stability depends on sulfate anions and ligands are quite diverse
with solvent / physical properties of atoms in the crystal neighbors. Solvent copper
carbonate hydroxide and so on, in the acid generating turquoise aqua ion written
[Cu(H2O)6] 2+. Among the various crystal hydrates is blue CuSO4.5H2O most prevalent.
CuSO4.5H2O can be hydrated into white anhydrous substance. The addition of aqua
ligands in solution causes the formation of complexes with the exchange of water
molecules sequentially with NH3. For example, species [Cu(NH3)(H2O)5]2+ [Cu
(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ is formed in the normal way, but the addition of the fifth and sixth NH 3
molecules difficult. Sixth molecules can only be added only in liquid ammonia. (Cotton
and Wilkinson, 1989)
Manufacture of complex compounds can be performed by various methods.
Depending on the existing system and not all methods can be used for the synthesis of
a complex. Methods commonly used in the manufacture of complex compounds is
through substitution reaction (replacement). This method involves the reaction of a
metal salt in an aqueous solution (Mn+) with agency coordination (ligand) where there
is an exchange / replacement of the ligand. For example, the manufacture of [Cu (NH 3)
4SO4 can be done by mixing a solution of CuSO 4 in water with NH 3 through the
reaction:
[Cu(H2O)4]2+(aq) + 4 NH3 (aq)
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ (aq) + 4 H2O(aq)
Dark blue
Salt complex [Cu (NH3)4SO4 happens dark blue crystals will form on addition of
ethanol.
Manufacture of complex compounds by recrystallization can be done with some
tekniksebagai following:
1. Evaporative cooling the solvent and the reaction mixture becomes more
concentrated in a water-bath salts that contain ice.
2. Adding slowly solvent miscible with the solvent of the reaction mixture, but does
not dissolve the desired compound.

3. If desired cation complex can be isolated by adding the corresponding anion,

thus forming an insoluble salt, and instead, a cation can be added to the reaction
mixture to obtain anion.
(Lecturer Team of Inorganic Chemistry, 2016)
C. Equipment and Material
Equipments:
1. Measuring cup 50 ml
2. The glass beaker 100 ml
3. Pipette drops
4. Mixer glass
5. Glass watches

6. Funnel glass
7. Burner methylated
8. The bottle of distilled water
9. Paper filter
10. Test tube big
11. Brace wooden tube

Materials:
1. Crystalline solid CuSO4.5H2O
2. 10% concentrated ammonia 500 ml
3. Ethanol / Ethyl Alcohol 96%
D.

E. Methods

Synthesis of tetra amin copper (II) sulphate complex

Weigh 2,5 g
CuSO4.5H2O
then dissolved
in 5 mL H2O in
a glass beaker.

Weigh the dry crystals

are produced and
determine how many
moles of ammonia are
used as well as the
calculated yield of the
results obtained.

Add 12,5 mL of
concentrated
NH3 10%, stir it
until
homogeneous.

Add 4 mL of 96% ethyl alcohol

slowly through the walls of the
beaker so that the solution is
covered by the alcohol. Do not
be stirred or shaken.

Dry the crystals in

the oven until the
water content is
lost (about 15
minutes).

Cover with a watch

glass and allow it for
1 hour. Let stand
and store it in
refrigerator for
overnight to
crystallize.

Study the properties of the complex salt tetrammintembaga (II) sulphate

Dissolve a little salt
from step 1 of
experiments in 5
mL of H2O and
observe the color.
Dilute with 20 mL
H2O and note the
color change.

Place a little of dry

salt in a test tube
and reheat slowly.
Note the color
change. What
gases are released?

F. Observation Data
1. The color of the solution at first :
CuSO4
: blue solution
NH3
: colorless solution
2. Changes that occur after both solution reacted :
The solution changes into dark blue
3. Changes that occur after the addition of alcohol :
Still dark blue solution. Alcohol covered the top of the solution
4. Changes that occur after the filtering :
The crystall : dark blue, like a needle, the color is constant after washed by NH3
The filtrate : dark blue solution
5. Changes that occur after the salt is dissolved in :
A little water : color of the solution is dark blue
Excessive water : the color becomes light blue
6. Changes that occur after the salt is heated
- There are NH3 gasses (alkaline)
- The color of crystal is black and shiny
7. Reaction that occur in this experiment :
CuSO4.5H2O(s) + H2O(l)
[Cu(H2O)4]2+ (aq) + SO42-(aq)
2H2O(l) + [Cu(H2O)4]2+ (aq) + 4 NH3 Cu(NH3)4 SO4(aq) + 6H2O(l)
G. Discussion
Mass of CuSO4.5H2O = 2,5004 gram
Mr CuSO4.5H2O = 249,68
n CuSO4.5H2O =
=

massa
Mr

2.5004
249.68

= 0.01001 mol
Reaction that occur:

Cu SO 4 .5 H 2 O+ H 2 O [ Cu ( H 2 O )4 ] SO 4 +2 H 2 O
0.01001 mol 0.01001mol 0.01001mol 0.02002mol

[ Cu ( H 2 O )4 ] SO4 +2 H 2 O+ 4 NH 3 [ Cu ( N H 3 )4 ] SO4 + 4 H 2 O
0.01001 mol 0.02002mol 0.04004 mol 0.01001 mol 0.04004 mol

Mr

[ Cu ( N H 3 ) 4 ] SO4

Mass of

= 227,5

[ Cu ( N H 3 ) 4 ] SO4

theoritical =

n Mr

0.01001 mol 227.5

= 2,277275 gram
Because mass of

[ Cu ( N H 3 ) 4 ] SO4

that get from practice is 1,2546 gram so, the

percentage of rendemen is

rendemen=

experiment mass
100
theoriticaly mass

rendemen=

1,2546 gram
100
2,277275 gram

rendemen=55,09
a. Synthesis of Tetraamin Copper (II) Sulphate
In the process of making this salt, first dissolving 2.5 grams of powder CuSO 4.5H2O
is light blue with 5 ml H 2O in a beaker glass. The water molecule is used as a solvent
because it has a large dipole moment and can be pulled by all cations and anions to
form hydrated ions. From the results obtained mixture is light blue colored solution
derived from Cu2+ ions. The reaction that occur:

Cu SO 4 5 H 2 O+ H 2 O [ Cu ( H 2 O )4 ] SO 4 +2 H 2 O
After being dissolved then added 12.5 ml of 10% NH3 and stirred until
homogeneous. Stirring serves to accelerate the reaction, because its kinetic energy
increasing. In this mixing should be done in a fume hood. The purpose of addition NH 3
is to urge the H2O ligand of

[ Cu ( H 2 O )4 ] SO4

and replace it with NH3 ligands so that

the color of the solution became dark blue. NH3 ligands stronger than H2O so it will be
easier for NH3 to replace H2O. The addition of hydrated ligands in solution causes the
formation of complex compounds due to the exchange of water molecules with NH 3
sequentially.the reaction that occur :

[ Cu ( H 2 O )4 ] SO4 +2 H 2 O+ 4 NH 3 [ Cu ( N H 3 )4 ] SO4 +6 H 2 O
In the solution was added with 4 mL of 96% ethyl alcohol slowly through the wall of
glass beaker, so the solution covered by alcohol. The purpose of the addition of ethyl
alcohol is to bind water molecules contained in a solution that may interfere the
precipitation process, thereby reducing the solvation energy of ions so the formation of
crystals can occur more perfect. Alcohol is used because alcohol is a good solvent for
ionic compounds. Moreover, the addition of ethyl alcohol serves to prevent the
evaporation of ammonia in solution.
Furthermore, the solution was covered with a watch glass to avoid contact with the
air and reduce the evaporation of ammonia, and then left to stand for 1 hour. The
solution should not be experiencing shock as stirred or shaken because it can affect

the deposition process. Then the solution is cooled in the refrigerator. This cooling
serves to lower the temperature resulting in reduced solubility and form precipitates
purplish blue or dark blue. In addition, when a liquid substance is cooled, the
translational motion of molecules into smaller molecules pull gets stronger, so after
crystallizing the molecules have a specific position in the crystal.
The precipitate obtained was filtered using filter paper. Filtering serves to separate
the filtrate from the precipitate. Then the precipitate was washed using concentrated
ammonia and ethyl alcohol evenly. The purpose of these additions is to remove
impurities and contaminants contained in the precipitate because ammonia solvent
molecules will attract residual ammonia molecules which may not react, while ethyl
alcohol will attract molecules of ethyl alcohol previously added. The precipitate was
dried until its water content is lost. Crystals formed dark blue. Crystals were weighed
and the resulting weight of 1.2546 grams. After doing the calculations on analysis of
data obtained yield of 55.09%.
b. Studying the Properties of Complex Salt of Tetraamin Copper (II) Sulphate
The next experiment after salt of tetraamin copper (II) sulphate formed is to test the
properties complex salts of tetraamin copper (II) sulphate. The first step is dissolving a
bit of salt results of experiments with 2.5 mL H 2O resulting dark blue solution.
Meanwhile, after being added with 10 mL H2O solution turned into light blue. This
happens because of the complex salt breaks down into its constituent ions. The
reaction is:

NH 3

N H3

2+ 2 H 2 O
2++ SO 4
Cu ( 4 ]
Cu
The resulting complex salt crystals from the first experiment heated over burning
methylated burner. Crystals change color to tosca. At that time also produced
ammonia gas, the reaction is:

NH 3

Cu

H. Question
1. Write al the reaction that can occur in the manufacture tetramin copper (II) sulphate!
CuSO4.5H2O
[Cu(H2O)4]SO4 + 2H2O
[Cu(H2O)4]SO4(aq) + 2H2O(aq) + 4 NH3 (aq)
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4(aq) + 6 H2O(aq)

2. What is the function of alcohol on the redox reaction?

Alcohol function in redox reactions is to trigger the inception of sediment.
3. Name some tetramin use of copper (II) sulfate?
Determination of water hardness to analyze the formation of crust that occur in the
pipe caused by enpan CaCO3.
4. Type any ion that exists when tetramin complex salts of copper (II) sulphate dissolved
in a little water and how change occurs when excess dissolved in water?
Type Cu2+ ions generated and 3SO42-, when dissolved in a little water deep blue
colored solution, whereas when dissolved in water excess lerutan be light blue.
5. How do the properties of complex salt?
The nature of the complex salts when dissolved in water will break down into its ionic
complex. The nature of the complex salt when heated precipitation of oxidized Cu.
I.

Conclusion
1. Copper is a metal that can form a complex salt, tetraamin copper (II) sulphate color
is dark blue
2. NH3 ligands serve to urge and displace ligands H2O
3. The properties of salt tetraamin copper (II) sulphate is when complex salts
dissolved in water, the compound does not break down into Cu 2+, but will produce

N H3

2+
dissolved species in the form of complex ions
Cu ( 4 ]

which is stable

J. Suggestion
1. Practicioner should be more careful and meticulous during the practicum
2. Practicioner must understand the material before doing the lab
3. Should the tools that will be used sterilized beforehand
K. References
Cotton and Wilkinson. 1989. Kimia Anorganik Dasar. Jakarta: UI-Press.
Sugiyarto. 2003. Dasar-dasar Kimia Anoraganik Logam. Jakarta : UI-Press
Sukardjo. 1985. Kimia Koordinasi. Jakarta: PT. Bina Aksara.
Svehla, G. 1990. Vogel : Buku Teks Analisis Anorganik Kualitatif Makro dan Semimikro
Bagian I Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: PT Kalman Media Pusaka.
Tim Dosen Kimia Anorganik. 2016. Petunjuk Praktikum Kimia Anorganik. Semarang:
Unnes.