Atty. Darwin P. Angeles The Firm Villaraza & Angangco Email: angelesdarwin@gmail.com Mobile 0917 835 6675 Course Description This two unit course is designed to provide law students an insight into the core concepts of Philippine constitutional concept of social justice and how the same is implemented in social justice legislation governing agrarian reform, indigenous peoples rights and urban poor housing and development. The focus of the course will be on agrarian reform with discussions on the historical background and key ideas underpinning this important social justice legislation. The student will also be given some perspectives on the agrarian reform dispute resolution mechanisms, whether administrative or judicial. The course aims to provide the student not simply with a working and practical knowledge of agrarian reform law to assist potential clients, but also to develop their respective perspectives on how the social justice thrust of the 1987 Constitution should be interpreted and made a reality under the Philippine legal system. I.
Social Justice Under the 1987 Constitution
Alberto T. Muyot, Social Justice and the Constitution: Aiming for Utopia?, 70 Phil. L.J. pp. 310 to 355 (1996). Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726 (1940)
II.
Philippine Agrarian Reform Law
A. Historical Background Jose Elvinia, Is Land Reform a Failure in the Philippines? An Assessment on CARP in Limits of Good Governance in Developing Countries, pp. 333 to 362 (2011) available at: http://www2.gsid.nagoyau.ac.jp/blog/anda/files/2012/01/10_jose-elvinia1.pdf Article: Law on Agrarian Reform, by Recaredo Barte, 1991 Edition, pp. 1-18 (Introduction).
Senate Deliberations on RA 6657, pages 163 to 196, Rufus T.
Rodriguez, Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law Annotated (2004).
B. Constitutional and Legislative Development
Friar Lands Act (Act No. 1120, 26 April 1904) 1935 Constitution, Article XIII, Section 6 Public Land Act (Commonwealth Act No. 141, as amended, 1 December 1936), Sections 11 to 57 1. Maintenance of Agrarian Peace Agricultural Tenancy Act of the Philippines (RA No. 1199, 30 August 1954) Code of Agrarian Reforms, Sections 1 to 48 (RA No. 3844, as amended by RA No. 6389, 10 September 1971) 2. Land Redistribution 1973 Constitution, Article XIV, Section 12 Code of Agrarian Reforms, Sections 49 to 140 (RA No. 3844, as amended by RA No. 6389, 10 September 1971) Tenant Emancipation Decree (PD No. 27, Operation Land Transfer [OLT], 21 October 1972) Proclamation 131 dated 22 July 1987 (Instituting a Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program [CARP]) 1987 Constitution, Article II, Section 21; Article XIII, Sections 4 to 8 The right of landless farmers and farmworkers to own the lands they till Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (RA 6657, 10 June 1988) RA 7881 (Exemption of Fishponds and Prawn Farms from CARP, 20 February 1995)
RA 9700 (Strengthening the CARP, 7 August 2009)
3. Dispute Resolution Mechanism Code of Agrarian Reforms, Sections 141 to 159 (RA No. 3844, as amended by RA No. 6389, 10 September 1971) Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, Section 44 (Abolishing Courts of Agrarian Relations) Executive Order 228 dated 17 July 1987 (Declaring Full Land Ownership to Qualified Beneficiaries covered by PD 27) Executive Order 129-A dated 26 July 1987 (Modifying EO 129 Reorganizing and Strengthening DAR) C. Concepts of Agrarian Reform a. Agrarian Peace (State Power in Tenancy Relations) Soliman v. Pampanga Sugar Development Company, Inc., 589 SCRA 236 (2009) Perez-Rosario v. Court of Appeals, (2006), 494 SCRA 66 (2006) b. Revolutionary Expropriation Association of Small Landowners v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343 (1989) Confederation of Sugar Producers Association, Inc. v. Department of Agrarian Reform, 519 SCRA 582 (2007) c. Forced Sale Hospicio de San Jose de Barili, Cebu City v. Department of Agrarian Reform, (2005). d. Right of Farmers to Own Lands They Till/Agrarian Reform and Social Justice Hacienda Luisita Inc. v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, 653 SCRA 154 (2011, main opinion; dissenting opinion of C.J. Corona) Hacienda Luisita Inc. v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, 660 SCRA 525 (2011, main opinion) 3
Hacienda Luisita Inc. v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, 670
SCRA 392 (2012, main opinion; separate opinion of J. Brion; dissenting opinion of J. Sereno). D. Agrarian Reform Program Coverage a. OLT Rice and Corn Lands Aninao v. Asturias Chemical Industries, Inc., 464 SCRA 526 (2005). b. CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 4 1. Exclusions a. Non-agricultural Lands Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 3(c) Department of Justice Opinion No. 44 Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Association v. Nicolas, 567 SCRA 540 (2008). Buklod nang Magbubukid sa Lupaing Ramos, Inc. v. E.M. Ramos and Sons, Inc., 645 SCRA 401 (2011). Heirs of Luna v. Afable, 689 SCRA 207 (2013). b. Poultry and Livestock Farms Luz Farms v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, 192 SCRA 151 (1989). Republic v. Salvador N. Lopez Agri-business Corporation, 639 SCRA 49 (2011). [Actual and direct use requirement] c. Landowners Right of Retention Daez v. Court of Appeals, 325 SCRA 856 (2001) Heirs of Aurelio Reyes v. Garilao, 605 SCRA 294 (2009). 2. Lands Exempted from CARP Coverage a. Education Department of Agrarian Reform v. Department of Education Culture and Sports, 426 SCRA 217 (2004). b. National Defense 4
Department of Agrarian Reform v. Philippine
Communications Satellite Corporation, 490 SCRA 729 (2006). c. Watersheds Sta. Rosa Realty Development Corporation v. Amante, 453 SCRA 432 (2005). d. Fishponds and Prawn Farms Atlas Fertilizer Corporation v. Secretary, Department of Agrarian Reform, 274 SCRA 30 (1997). e. Tourism Purposes Roxas & Company, Inc. v. DAMBA-NFSW, 607 SCRA 33 (2009). f. Lands with 18% Slope DAR Administrative Order No. 13, Series of 1990 E. Land Acquisition and Distribution Process a. OLT Sigre v. Court of Appeals, 387 SCRA 15 (2002) Del Castillo v. Orciga, 500 SCRA 498 (2006) b. CARP i. Compulsory Acquisition Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 7, 16 RA 9700, Section 30 DAR Memorandum Circular No. 2, Series of 2014 Holy Trinity Realty & Development Corporation v. Dela Cruz, 739 SCRA 229 (2014) Roxas v. Court of Appeals, 329 SCRA 106 (1999). ii. Voluntary Offer to Sell Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 7 & 19 5
iii. Voluntary Land Transfer
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 7, 20, 2, & 31 iv. Stock Distribution Program Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 31 Hacienda Luisita Inc. v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, supra. v. Agribusiness Venture Agreement (AVA) Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 29 DAR Administrative Order No. 9, Series of 2006 Islanders CARP-Farmers Beneficiaries Multi-Purpose Cooperative Development, Inc. v. Lapanday Agricultural and Development Corp., 489 SCRA 80 (2006). F. Selection of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries a. OLT Davao New Town Development Corporation v. Spouses Saliga, 712 SCRA 260 (2013). b. CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 22, 22-a Hermoso v. C.L. Realty Corporation, 489 SCRA 556 (2006) 1. Preferred beneficiaries (Children of Landowners) Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 6, par. 1 G. Award of Land a. OLT Emancipation Patent Executive Order No. 228 Del Castillo v. Orciga, supra b. CARP Certificate of Land Ownership Award Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 23-25 Diamond Farms, Inc. v. Diamond Farm Workers Multi-purpose Cooperative, 677 SCRA 271 (2012). c. Indefeasibility of Agrarian Reform Titles Maylem v. Ellano, 592 SCRA 440 (2009). 6
Estribillo v. Department of Agrarian Reform, 494 SCRA 218
(2006). H. Land Tenure Improvement and Support Services Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 37 & 38 RA 10000 Agri-Agra Reform Credit Act I. Prohibited Acts a. Illegal Land Transfers Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 6, 27, 70, 73(c) DAR Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 1989 DAR Administrative Order No. 8, Series of 1995 DAR Administrative Order No. 7, Series of 2011, Section 40 Sta. Monica Industrial Corporation v. Department of Agrarian Reform, 555 SCRA 97 (2008) Lebrudo v. Loyola, 645 SCRA 156 (2011). Cathay Metal Corporation v. Laguna West Multi-purpose Cooperative, Inc., 728 SCRA 482 (2014). Filinvest Land, Inc. v. Adia, G.R. No. 192629, 25 November 2015. Department of Agrarian Reform v. Carriedo, G.R. No. 176549, 20 January 2016. b. Criminal Provisions Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 73 J. Just Compensation a. General Procedure Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 17 DAR Administrative Order No. 7, Series of 2011, Sections 72, 84, 85 b. OLT-acquired Properties Land Bank of the Philippines v. Natividad, 458 SCRA 441 (2005). c. CARP-Acquired Properties i. Strict Application of DAR Formula Land Bank of the Philippines v. Banal, 434 SCRA 543 (2004). Land Bank of the Philippines v. Celada, 479 SCRA 495 (2006)
Land Bank of the Philippines v. Luz Lim, 529 SCRA 129
(2007). ii. Judicial Appreciation of Section 17 Factors Apo Fruits Corporation v. Land Bank of the Philippines, 632 SCRA 727 (2010). Apo Fruits Corporation v. Land Bank of the Philippines, 647 SCRA 207 (2011). Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Yatco Agricultural Enterprises, 713 SCRA 370 (2014) d. Imposition of Interest as Penalty for Delay Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Wycoco, 419 SCRA 67 (2004) Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Gallego, Jr., 702 SCRA 377 (2013) K. Land Use Conversion Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 65 DAR Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 2002 Chamber of Real Estate Builders Associations, Inc. v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, 621 SCRA 295 (2010). Ros v. Department of Agrarian Reform, 468 SCRA 471 (2005). Department of Agrarian Reform v. Polo Coconut Plantation Co., Inc., 564 SCRA 78 (2008) a. Illegal and Premature Conversion Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 73(c) Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (RA 8435), Section 11 Nicorp Management and Development Corporation v. De Leon, 563 SCRA 606 (2008) L. Dispute Resolution Mechanisms Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 50 to 62 a. Automatic Referral of Cases to the DAR Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Section 50-A Cuenca v. Department of Agrarian Reform, 439 SCRA 15 (2004). b. Prohibition Against Injunction, Restraining Order and Undue Interference Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 55 & 68 8
Department of Agrarian Reform v. Trinidad Valley Realty &
Development Corporation, 715 SCRA 650 (2014). c. Agrarian Disputes i. Tenancy Cases Crisostomo v. Victoria, G.R. No. 175098, 26 August 2015. Sanchez, Jr. v. Marin, 537 SCRA 323 (2007) Castillo v. Tolentino, 580 SCRA 629 (2009). ii. Redemption/Pre-emption Cases Planters Development Bank v. Garcia, 477 SCRA 185 (2005). d. Reallocation Proceedings Heirs of Buensuceso v. Perez, 692 SCRA 491 (2013). e. Protests Against CARP Coverage Roxas v. Court of Appeals, supra. f. Cancellation of Emancipation Patents and Certificates of Land Ownership Award Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 24, last paragraph Heirs of Dr. Jose Deleste v. Land Bank of the Philippines, 651 SCRA 352 (2011). Mago v. Barbin, 603 SCRA 383 (2009). g. Determination of Just Compensation Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, Sections 16(d), 57 to 60 2009 DARAB Rules of Procedure, Rule XIX, Section 6 Republic v. Court of Appeals, 263 SCRA 758 (1996). Land Bank of the Philippines v. Martinez, 560 SCRA 776 (2008). h. Special Proceedings before the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council Hacienda Luisita, Inc. v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, supra III.
Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap v. Robredo, 730 SCRA 322 (2014).
Alangdeo v. Yaranon, G.R. No. 206423, 01 July 2015. Pilar Develppment Corporation v. Dumadag, 693 SCRA 96 (2013). IV.
Indigenous Peoples Rights
1987 Constitution, Article XIII, Section 6 Republic Act No. 8371 (IPRA) Cruz v. Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 347 SCRA 128 (2000). Lim v. Gamosa, G.R. No. 193964, 02 December 2015. Unduran v. Aberasturi, G.R. No. 181284, 20 October 2015. Central Mindanao University v. Executive Secretary, 631 SCRA 30 (2009).