tcvn

tIu chun QUC GIA

tcvn 7447-4-44 : 2004

IEC 60364-4-44 : 2003
Xut bn ln 1

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh
Phn 4-44: Bo v an ton
Bo v chng nhiu in p v nhiu in t
Electrical installations of buildings
Part 4-44: Protection for safety Protection against voltage disturbances and
electromagnetic disturbances

H ni 2008

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Mc lc
Trang
Li ni u .........................................................................................................................

440 Li gii thiu ..............................................................................................................

440.1 (442.1.1) Phm vi p dng .....................................................................................

440.2 (442.1.4) Ti liu vin dn ......................................................................................

441 (S sn) ................................................................................................................

442 Bo v h thng in h p khi qu in p tc thi v s c gia h thng in

cao p v t ......................................................................................................................

442.1 Yu cu chung ...................................................................................................

442.2 H thng ni t trong trm bin p ...................................................................

10

442.3 B tr ni t trong trm bin p .........................................................................

10

442.4 B tr ni t lin quan n kiu h thng ni t trong h thng lp t in h p

11

442.5 Hn ch in p ng sut trong thit b in h p ca trm bin p ..................

12

442.6 in p ng sut trong trng hp mt dy trung tnh trong h thng TN v TT .

13

442.7 in p ng sut trong trng hp ni t ngu nhin trong h thng IT ...........

13

442.8 in p ng sut trong trng hp ngn mch pha-trung tnh ............................

13

443 Bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn hoc do ng ct .......................

24

443.1 Qui nh chung ...................................................................................................

24

443.2 Phn loi in p chu xung (cp qu in p) ...................................................

24

443.3 B tr khng ch qu in p ..............................................................................

26

443.4 in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b ...............................................................

28

444 (S sn) ................................................................................................................

29

444.1 (S sn) .........................................................................................................

29

444.2 (S sn) .........................................................................................................

29

444.3 Bin php chng nh hng in v t ln thit b in ......................................

29

444.4 Bin php dng cho u ni tn hiu ...................................................................

30

445 (45) Bo v chng thp p ..........................................................................................

36

445.1 (451) Yu cu chung ............................................................................................

36

Ph lcA (tham kho) Cc ch gii cho 442.1, 442.1.2 ...................................................

37

Ph lcB (tham kho) Hng dn v khng ch qu in p bng thit b bo v chng

t bin s dng cho ng dy trn khng .......................................................................

39

Ph lcC (tham kho) IEC 60364 Phn 1 n 6: Kt cu li .........................................

41

Ph lcD (qui nh) Xc nh chiu di qui c, d ............................................................

47

Ti liu tham kho ..............................................................................................................

49

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Li ni u
TCVN

7447-4-44: 2004

hon ton tng ng vi tiu chun IEC

60364-4-44: 2003;
TCVN 7447-4-44: 2004 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC/E1 My in
kh c in bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh,
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
Tiu chun ny c chuyn i nm 2008 t Tiu chun Vit Nam cng
s hiu thnh Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 6 Ngh
nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi
hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

440 Li gii thiu

Tiu chun ny a ra cc nguyn tc bo v chng nh hng ca nhiu dn v nhiu bc x ln cc
h thng lp t in.
Nguyn tc qui nh trong tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc h thng nm ton b hoc mt phn
di s kim sot ca cc cng ty cung cp in nng cng cng (xem phm vi p dng ca TCVN
7447-1 : 2004 (IEC 60364-1)).
Dng in s c chy trong in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn trong trm bin p gy ra s tng
in th ng k ca cc b phn dn trn trong trm bin p so vi t chung, chnh l in p
s c m ln ca in p ny b chi phi bi:

ln ca dng in s c, v

in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn trong trm bin p.

Dng in s c c th gy ra:

tng chung v in th ca h thng in h p so vi t, chnh l cc in p ng sut v

in p ny c th gy ra s nh thng cch in trong thit b h p;

tng chung v in th ca cc b phn dn trn trong h thng in h p so vi t, m c

th lm tng in p s c v cc in p chm.
Ch thch: Trong tiu chun ny, thut ng cao p (HV) cp n cc in p vt qu gii hn trn ca
di in p II. Thut ng h p (LV) cp n cc in p khng vt qu gii hn trn ca di in p II.

iu 443 a ra cc bin php c th hn ch in p qu gim ri ro n mc hng hc chp

nhn c trong h thng lp t in v cc thit b in ni vi h thng. Phng php ny tng
ng vi nguyn tc phi hp cch in trong IEC 60664-1. IEC 60664-1 yu cu cc ban k thut
phi qui nh cp chu xung (cp qu in p) thch hp cho thit b; ngha l in p chu xung nh
nht cho thit b, theo ng dng v cp chu xung lin quan ca thit b .
Ch thch: Theo 2.2.2.1.1 ca IEC 60664-1, ban k thut cn qui nh cc thng tin lin quan. Nn a ra in
p chu xung danh nh c th p dng cho thit b v cch c c gi tr in p ny.

(Li gii thiu IEC 60364-4-444, mt phn)

iu 444 m t cc khuyn co c bn gim nh nhiu in t. Trn thc t, nhiu in t (EMI) c
th gy nhiu hoc lm hng cc h thng hoc thit b cng ngh thng tin, thit b c linh kin hoc
mch in t. Cc dng in do st, thao tc ng ct, ngn mch v do cc hin tng in t khc
c th gy ra qu in p v nhiu in t.
Cc hiu ng ny xut hin khi:

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

c nhng mch vng kim loi ln1); v

cc h thng i dy in khc nhau c lp t trn cc tuyn khc nhau, v d cp in v

bo hiu cc thit b cng ngh thng tin trong phm vi ta nh.

Gi tr ca in p cm ng ph thuc vo tc tng dng in nhiu (di/dt) v kch c ca mch
vng.
Cp in mang dng ln c tc tng dng in (di/dt) cao (v d dng in mi ca thang my hoc
dng in c iu chnh bng b chnh lu) c th gy ra qu in p trong cc cp ca h thng
cng ngh thng tin m cc qu in p ny c th nh hng hoc lm hng thit b cng ngh thng
tin hoc cc thit b in tng t.
Trong hoc gn cc phng dng cho mc ch y t, trng in v trng t ca h thng lp t in
c th gy nhiu n thit b in y t.
iu 445 cp n cc bin php phng nga cn thc hin trong trng hp thp p.

1)

H thng lin kt ng th, cng trnh c kt cu kim loi hoc h thng ng ng cung cp khng phi ng
ng cung cp in, v d nh ng ng nc, kh, si hoc iu ha khng kh, c th to ra cc mch vng
cm ng nh vy.

Tiu chun QUC GIA

tcvn 7447-4-44 : 2004

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh
Phn 4-44: Bo v an ton Bo v chng nhiu in p v nhiu
in t
Electrical installations of buildings
Part 4-44: Protection for safety Protection against voltage disturbances and
electromagnetic disturbances

440.1 (442.1.1) Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny qui nh cc qui tc v an ton cho con ngi v thit b trong h thng in h p khi
c s c gia h thng in cao p v t thuc phn cao p ca cc trm bin p cp in cho cc h
thng in h p.

440.2 (442.1.4) Ti liu vin dn

Cc ti liu vin dn di y l rt cn thit khi p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh th p
dng phin bn mi nht (k c cc sa i).
IEC 60038 : 1983, IEC standard voltage (in p tiu chun IEC)
IEC 60050 (604) : 1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 604: Generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity Operation (T vng k thut in quc t Chng 604:
Pht in, truyn ti v phn phi in Vn hnh).
IEC 60050 (826) : 1982, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 826: Electrical installations
of buildings (T vng k thut in quc t Chng 826: H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh).
TCVN 7447-1 : 2004 (IEC 60364-1 : 2001), H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 1: Nguyn tc
c bn, nh gi cc c tnh chung, nh ngha.
TCVN 7447-4-41 : 2004 (IEC 60364-4-41 : 2001), H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 4-41:
Bo v an ton Bo v chng in git.

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

IEC 60364-4-42 : 2001, Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-42: Protection for safety Protection
against thermal effects (H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 4-42: Bo v an ton Bo v
chng cc nh hng v nhit).
IEC 60364-5-53 : 2001, Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-53: Selection, erection of electrical
equipment Isolation, switching and control (H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-53: La
chn v lp t cc thit b in Cch ly, ng ct v iu khin).
IEC 60364-5-54, Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-54: Selection, erection of electrical
equipment Earthing arrangements and protective conductors and equipotential bonding

1)

(H thng

lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-54: La chn v lp t cc thit b in B tr ni t, dy bo

v v lin kt ng th).
IEC 60364-5-548 : 1996, Electrical installations of buildings Part 5: Selection, erection of electrical
equipment Section 548: Earthing arrangements and equipotential bonding for information technology
installations (H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5: La chn v lp t cc thit b in
Mc 548: B tr ni t v lin kt ng th dng cho h thng lp t cng ngh thng tin).
IEC 60479-1 : 1994, Effects of current on human beings and livestock Part 1: General aspects (nh
hng ca dng in ln con ngi v vt nui Phn 1: Cc kha cnh chung).
IEC 60664-1 : 1992, Insulation co-ordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests (Phi hp cch in dng cho thit b trong h thng in h p
Phn 1: Nguyn tc, yu cu v th nghim).
IEC 60742 : 1983, Isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers - Requirements (Bin p
cch ly v bin p cch ly an ton Yu cu).
IEC 61000-2-5 : 1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Environment Section 5:
Classification of electromagnetic environments. Basic EMC publication (Tng thch in t (EMC)
Phn 2: Mi trng Mc 5: Phn loi cc mi trng in t. Tiu chun EMC c bn).
IEC 61024-1 : 1990, Protection of structures against lightning Part 1: General principles (Bo v cc
kt cu chng st Phn 1: Nguyn tc chung).
IEC 61312-1 : 1995, Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse Part 1: General principles
(Bo v chng xung st in t Phn 1: Nguyn tc chung).
IEC 61643 (tt c cc phn), Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution
systems (Thit b bo v chng t bin ni vo h thng phn phi in h p).
IEC 61662 : 1995, Assessment of the risk of damage due to lightning (nh gi ri ro hng hc do st)
Sa i 1 (1996).

1)

Sp xut bn

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

441 (S sn)
Ch thch: iu ny dnh cho ni dung s c a vo sau m vn duy tr c vic nh s iu ban u.

442

Bo v h thng lp t in h p khi qu in p tm thi v s c gia h

thng in cao p v t
442.1 Yu cu chung
Ch thch: Cc iu di y ch xem xt bn trng hp thng gy ra qu in p tm thi khc nghit nht
nh qui nh trong IEV 60050(604), nh ngha 604-03-12:

s c gia (cc) h thng in cao p v t. Cc iu tng ng cn tham kho cng vi Ph lcA;

mt trung tnh trong h thng in h p TN v TT (xem 442.6);

chm t ngu nhin ca h thng in h p IT (xem 442.7);

ngn mch trong h thng lp t in h p (xem 442.8).

442.1.2 in p s c
ln v thi gian ca in p s c hoc in p chm do s c chm t trong h thng in cao p
khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho bi ng cong F v T tng ng trn hnh 44 A.
442.1.3 in p ng sut
ln v thi gian ca in p ng sut tn s ngun ca thit b in h p thuc h thng lp t in
ca h tiu th do s c chm t trong h thng in cao p khng c vt qu cc gi tr ca Bng
44A.
Ch thch 1: in p ng sut tn s ngun l in p xut hin trn cch in.
Ch thch 2: i vi thit b h p ca trm bin p, cho php in p ng sut cao hn nu mc cch in ca
thit b l tng thch v tha mn cc iu kin ca 442.3.

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng 44A in p ng sut cho php
in p ng sut xoay chiu cho php trn thit b trong h thng lp t

Thi gian ct, s

in h p, V
U0 + 250 V

>5

U0 + 1 200 V

Ch thch 1: Trong cc trng hp c bit (v d dy dn ng dy c ni t), khi in p danh ngha

(cao nht) ca h thng in h p so vi t khng phi l U0, th phi qui nh in p ny.
Ch thch 2: Dng th nht ca bng lin quan n cc h thng c thi gian ct di, v d h thng in cao
p ni t qua cun khng. Dng th hai lin quan n cc h thng c thi gian ct ngn, v d h thng in
cao p ni t trc tip. C hai dng ny l tiu ch thit k cho cch in ca thit b in h p lin quan n
qu in p tm thi (xem 1.3.7.1 ca IEC 60664-1).
Ch thch 3: Qu in p xoay chiu tm thi cng c th xut hin trn cch in chnh, cch in kp v
cch in tng cng ca thit b h p s dng bn ngoi lin kt ng th chnh v ni vi h thng TN (h
thng m dy trung tnh ca trm bin p c ni t thng qua in cc t bo v ca h thng in cao
p). Khng nht thit phi d phng qu in p nh vy trong khu vc m lin kt ng th chnh c ni vi
dy bo v ca h thng TN ti im bt u ca h thng lp t in ca ta nh.

442.2 H thng ni t trong trm bin p

Ti trm bin p, phi c mt h thng ni t c ni vi:

in cc t;

v my bin p;

v kim loi ca cp cao p;

v kim loi ca cp h p tr khi dy trung tnh c ni t qua in cc t ring;

dy ni t ca h thng in cao p;

b phn dn trn ca thit b cao p v thit b h p;

b phn dn khng thuc h thng lp t.

442.3 B tr ni t trong trm bin p

Cc iu kin lit k trong 442.4 v 442.5 coi l c tun th nu tha mn mt hoc c hai iu kin
nu trong 442.3.1 hoc iu kin nu trong 442.3.2. Khi khng c iu kin no trong 442.3.1 hoc
442.3.2 c tha mn th phi p dng cc yu cu ca 442.4 v 442.5.
442.3.1

Trm bin p phi c ni vi cp c v kim loi c ni t thch hp, d l cp cao p,

cp h p hoc kt hp c cp cao p v cp h p.
10

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Tng chiu di ca cc cp ny phi di hn 1 km.
442.3.2 in tr ni t ca cc b phn dn trn ca trm bin p khng vt qu 1 .
442.4 B tr ni t lin quan n kiu h thng ni t trong h thng lp t in h p
442.4.1 K hiu
Cc iu nh di y s dng cc k hiu sau:
Im

phn dng in s c chm t trong h thng in cao p chy qua in cc t ca cc b

phn dn trn ca trm bin p.

in tr in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn trong trm bin p.

U0

in p pha-trung tnh ca h thng in h p.

in p pha-pha ca h thng in h p.

Uf

in p s c trong thit b h p gia cc b phn dn trn v t.

U1

in p ng sut trong thit b h p ca trm bin p.

U2

in p ng sut trong thit b h p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th.

442.4.2 H thng TN
a) Trong trng hp in p s c R x Im c ngt trong khong thi gian cho trn hnh 44A th dy
trung tnh ca h thng h p c th c ni vi in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn ca trm
bin p (xem TN-a trn hnh 44B).
Ch thch: Nu cc b phn dn trn ca thit b h p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th nm
trong ta nh c ni vi lin kt ng th chnh bng dy bo v, th in p chm trn thc t l bng khng.

b) Nu iu kin trong im a) khng c p ng, th dy trung tnh ca h thng h p phi c ni

t qua mt in cc t c lp v in (xem TN-b trn hnh 44B). Trong trng hp ny, p dng cc
iu kin ca 442.5.1.
442.4.3 H thng TT
a) Trong trng hp mi quan h gia in p ng sut (R x Im + U0) v thi gian ngt cho trong bng
44A c tun th i vi thit b h p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th, th dy trung tnh
ca h thng h p c th c ni vi in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn ca trm bin p
(xem TT-a trn hnh 44C).
b) Nu iu kin trong im a) khng c p ng, th dy trung tnh ca h thng h p phi c ni
t qua in cc t c lp v in (xem TT-b trn hnh 44C). Trong trng hp ny, p dng cc iu
kin ca 442.5.1.

11

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Nu cc b phn dn trn ca thit b h p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th trong to
nh c ni vi lin kt ng th chnh bng dy bo v, th in p chm trn thc t l bng
khng.
442.4.4 H thng IT
a) Trong trng hp in p s c R x Im c ngt trong khong thi gian cho trn hnh 44A, b phn
dn trn ca thit b h p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th c th c ni vi in cc
t ca cc b phn dn trn ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh 44D, 44J v 44K).
Nu iu kin ny khng c p ng th b phn dn trn ca thit b h p ca h thng lp t
in h p phi c ni vi h thng ni t c lp v in so vi in cc t ca cc b phn dn
trn ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh t 44E n 44H).
b) Trong trng hp cc b phn dn trn ca thit b h p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu
th c ni t qua in cc t c lp v in vi in cc t ca trm bin p, v khi mi quan h
gia in p ng sut (R x Im +U) v thi gian ngt cho trong bng 44A c tun th i vi thit b h
p thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th, th tr khng trung tnh ca h thng h p, nu c, c
th c ni vi in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn trong trm bin p (xem hnh 44E).
Nu iu kin ny khng c p ng, th tr khng trung tnh phi c ni t qua mt in cc t
c lp v in (xem hnh 44F v 44H). Trong trng hp ny, p dng cc iu kin ca 442.5.2.
442.5 Hn ch in p ng sut trong thit b h p ca trm bin p
442.5.1 H thng TN v TT
Trong cc h thng TN v TT, khi dy trung tnh c ni t qua in cc t c lp v in vi in
cc t ca cc b phn dn trn trong trm bin p (xem TN-b trn hnh 44B v TT-b trn hnh
44C), in p ng sut (R x Im + U0) phi c ngt trong thi gian tng thch vi mc cch in ca
thit b h p trong trm bin p.
Ch thch: Mc cch in ca thit b h p trong trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong bng 44A.

442.5.2 H thng IT
Trong h thng IT, khi b phn dn trn thuc h thng lp t in ca h tiu th v tr khng
trung tnh, nu c, u c ni t qua in cc t c lp v in vi in cc t trong trm bin
p (xem hnh 44F, 44G v 44H), th in p ng sut (R x Im +U) phi c ngt trong thi gian tng
thch vi mc cch in ca thit b h p trong trm bin p.
442.6 in p ng sut trong trng hp mt dy trung tnh trong h thng TN v TT
Phi xt n thc t l nu dy trung tnh trong h thng ba pha TN hoc TT b t, th cch in chnh,
cch in kp v cch in tng cng cng nh cc linh kin c thng s c trng l in p pha12

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

trung tnh c th phi chu ng sut tm thi bi in p pha-pha. in p ng sut c th t n

U = 3 U0 .
442.7 in p ng sut trong trng hp ni t ngu nhin trong h thng IT
Phi xt n thc t l nu dy dn ng dy trong h thng IT b ni t ngu nhin, th cch in
chnh, cch in kp v cch in tng cng c thng s c trng l in p pha- trung tnh cng nh
cc linh kin c th phi chu ng sut tm thi bi in p pha-pha. in p ng sut c th t n

U = 3 U0 .
442.8 in p ng sut trong trng hp ngn mch pha-trung tnh
Phi xem xt trng hp ngn mch gia dy pha v dy trung tnh khi ng sut c th t n gi tr
1,45 U0 trong thi gian n 5 s.

13

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Thi gian, ms

in p hiu dng xoay chiu, V

Hnh 44A Khong thi gian ln nht ca in p s c F v in p chm T

do s c chm t trong h thng cao p

14

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Trm bin p

Cao p

H thng lp t in h p

H p

Uf

Cao p

H p

Hnh 44B H thng TN

15

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Trm bin p

H thng lp t in h p

Cao p

H p

Cao p

H p

Hnh 44C H thng TT

16

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44D H thng IT, v d a

17

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44E H thng IT, v d b

18

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44F H thng IT, v d c1

19

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44G H thng IT, v d c2

20

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44H H thng IT, v d d

21

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44J H thng IT, v d e1

22

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cao p

H p

1. Khng c s c trong h thng h p

Cao p

H p

2. C s c ln u trong h thng h p

Hnh 44K H thng IT, v d e2

23

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

443 Bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn hoc do ng ct
443.1 Qui nh chung
iu ny cp n vic bo v h thng lp t in khi qu in p qu c ngun gc kh
quyn truyn qua h thng phn phi in v khi qu in p do ng ct.
Nhn chung, qu in p do ng ct thp hn qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn v do cc yu
cu lin quan n vic bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn thng bao hm c bo v
qu in p do ng ct.
Ch thch 1: nh gi thng k cc php o cho thy t c kh nng qu in p do ng ct cao hn mc qu
in p cp II. Xem 443.2.

Phi xem xt cc qu in p c th xut hin ti im bt u ca h thng lp t in, mc keraunic

d kin, v tr v cc c tnh ca thit b bo v chng t bin, sao cho gim kh nng xy ra bin c
do ng sut qu in p n mc chp nhn c i vi s an ton cho con ngi v ti sn, cng
nh i vi s lin tc mong mun ca dch v.
Gi tr qu in p tc thi ph thuc vo bn cht ca h thng phn phi ngun (ngm hoc trn
khng) v ph thuc vo kh nng c th c thit b bo v chng t bin pha trc im bt u ca
h thng lp t v mc in p ca h thng ngun.
iu ny a ra hng dn trong trng hp vic bo v chng qu in p c thc hin bi c cu
iu khin vn c hoc c m bo bng c cu iu khin bo v. Nu khng thc hin vic bo v
theo iu ny th phi hp cch in khng c m bo v phi nh gi ri ro do qu in p.
Khng c p dng iu ny trong trng hp qu in p do st trc tip hoc gn. i vi vic
bo v chng qu in p qu do st trc tip, p dng cc b tiu chun IEC 61024, IEC 61312 v
IEC 61643. iu ny khng cp n qu in p i qua cc h thng truyn s liu.
Ch thch 2: V qu in p qu c ngun gc kh quyn, khng c s phn bit gia h thng ni t v
khng ni t.
Ch thch 3: Qu in p do ng ct bt ngun t bn ngoi h thng lp t in v c truyn qua mng
ngun cn ang c xem xt.
Ch thch 4: Ri ro do qu in p c cp trong IEC 61662 v sa i 1 ca tiu chun .

443.2 Phn loi in p chu xung (cp qu in p)

443.2.1 Mc ch phn loi in p chu xung (cp qu in p)
Ch thch 1: Cp qu in p c xc nh trong phm vi h thng lp t in nhm mc ch phi hp cch
in v a ra phn loi tng ng ca thit b vi cc in p chu xung, xem bng 44B.

24

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ch thch 2: in p chu xung danh nh l in p chu xung do nh ch to n nh cho thit b hoc cho
mt phn ca thit b, c trng cho kh nng chu qu in p qui nh ca cch in (theo 1.3.9.2 ca IEC
60664-1).

S dng in p chu xung (cp qu in p) phn loi thit b c cp in trc tip t ngun in
li.
in p chu xung ca thit b chn theo in p danh ngha c cung cp phn bit mc hiu
lc khc nhau v kh dng ca thit b lin quan n tnh lin tc ca dch v v ri ro hng hc
chp nhn c. Bng cch la chn thit b c in p chu xung theo phn loi, c th c c phi
hp cch in trong ton b h thng lp t, lm gim ri ro hng hc n mc chp nhn c.
Ch thch 3: Qu in p qu c truyn i bi h thng phn phi ngun khng b suy gim ng k v
pha ti trong hu ht cc h thng lp t.

443.2.2 Quan h gia in p chu xung ca thit b v cp qu in p

Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp IV thch hp s dng , hoc gn, im
bt u ca h thng lp t, v d pha ngun ca t phn phi chnh. Thit b cp IV c kh nng chu
xung rt cao cung cp tin cy cao cn thit.
Ch thch 1: V d v thit b ny l cng t in, thit b bo v chng qu dng s cp v b khng ch nhp
nh.

Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp III thch hp s dng trong h thng lp

t c nh v pha ti ca, v k c t phn phi chnh, c kh dng cao.
Ch thch 2: V d v thit b ny l t phn phi, ptmt, h thng i dy (xem IEC 60050 (826), nh ngha
826-06-01) k c cc cp, thanh ci, hp ni, thit b ng ct, cm) trong h thng lp t c nh, v thit b
dng trong cng nghip v mt s thit b khc, v d nh ng c in t tnh ti ni c nh vi h thng lp t
c nh.

Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp II thch hp ni vi h thng lp t in

c nh, c kh dng cn thit cho thit b s dng dng in.
Ch thch 3: V d v thit b ny l thit b dng trong gia nh v cc ph ti tng t.

Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp I ch thch hp s dng trong h thng

lp t c nh ca ta nh, trong cc bin php bo v c p dng pha ngoi thit b gii
hn qu in p qu mc qui nh.
Ch thch 4: V d v thit b ny l cc thit b cha mch in t nh my tnh, thit b hot ng theo chng
trnh iu khin bng in t, v.v

25

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp I khng c ni trc tip vi h thng
cung cp in cng cng.
443.3 B tr khng ch qu in p
Khng ch qu in p c b tr theo cc yu cu sau.
443.3.1 Khng ch qu in p vn c
Khng p dng iu ny khi s dng vic nh gi ri ro theo 443.3.2.2.
Trong trng hp h thng lp t c cp in t mt h thng in h p c chn ngm hon
ton v khng c cc ng dy trn khng, th in p chu xung ca thit b theo bng 44B l v
khng cn c bt c bo v c bit chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn no khc.
Ch thch 1: Cp treo c dy dn cch in, c mn chn kim loi ni t c coi l tng ng vi cp
ngm.

Trong trng hp h thng lp t c cp in bi hoc c c ng dy h p trn khng v mc

keraunic t hn hoc bng 25 ngy trong mt nm (AQ 1), th khng cn c bin php bo v ring
chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn.
Ch thch 2: Cho d gi tr AQ l bao nhiu th bo v chng qu in p c th cn thit trong cc ng dng
c d kin c tin cy cao hn hoc ri ro cao hn (v d chy).

Trong c hai trng hp, phi xem xt vic bo v chng qu in p qu i vi thit b c in p

chu xung theo qu in p cp I (xem 443.2.2).
443.3.2 Khng ch qu in p bo v
Quyt nh s dng phng php no trong cc phng php di y lin quan n vic cung cp
thit b bo v chng t bin thuc thm quyn ca y ban quc gia c thm quyn, da trn cc iu
kin ti ni lp t.
Trong mi trng hp, phi xem xt vic bo v chng qu in p qu i vi thit b c in p
chu xung theo qu in p cp I (xem 443.2.2).
443.3.2.1 Khng ch qu in p bo v da trn cc iu kin nh hng bn ngoi
Trong trng hp h thng lp t c cp in bng, hoc c ng dy ti in trn khng, v mc
keraunic ca v tr lp t nhiu hn 25 ngy trong mt nm (AQ 2), th cn c bo v chng qu in
p c ngun gc kh quyn. Mc bo v ca thit b bo v khng c cao hn mc qu in p cp
II, cho trong bng 44B.

26

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ch thch 1: Mc qu in p c th khng ch bng cc thit b bo v chng t bin t st vi im bt
u ca h thng lp t, hoc trn ng dy trn khng (xem Ph lc B) hoc trong h thng lp t ca ta
nh.
Ch thch 2: Theo IEC 61024-1, 25 ngy ging st trong mt nm tng ng vi 2,24 chp trn mi km2
trong mt nm. iu ny c rt ra t cng thc sau:

N g = 0,04 Td1,25
trong
Ng l tn sut ca chp trn mi km2 trong mt nm;
Td l s ngy ging st trong mt nm (mc keraunic).

443.3.2.2 Khng ch qu in p bo v da trn nh gi ri ro

Ch thch 1: Phng php nh gi ri ro chung c nu trong IEC 61662. Khi c lin quan n iu 443,
chp nhn vic n gin ha v c bn ca phng php ny. Vic n gin ha ny da trn chiu di ti hn dc
ca ng dy i vo v mc hu qu nh m t di y.

Di y l cc mc hu qu khc nhau ca vic bo v:

a) hu qu lin quan n cuc sng con ngi, v d cc dch v an ton, thit b y t trong bnh vin;
b) hu qu lin quan n dch v cng cng, v d mt in trong dch v cng cng, trung tm cng
ngh thng tin, bo tng;
c) hu qu lin quan n hot ng thng mi hoc cng nghip, v d khch sn, ngn hng, c s
sn xut, c s thng mi, trang tri;
d) hu qu lin quan n cc nhm c nhn, v d chung c ln, nh th, vn phng, trng hc;
e) hu qu lin quan n c nhn, v d nh , vn phng nh.
i vi cc mc hu qu t a) n c), phi c bo v chng qu in p.
Ch thch 2: Khng cn thc hin vic tnh ton nh gi ri ro theo Ph lcD i vi cc mc hu qu t a)
n c) bi v vic tnh ton ny lun dn n kt qu l i hi phi c bo v.

i vi cc mc d) v e), yu cu bo v ph thuc vo kt qu ca tnh ton. Phi thc hin tnh ton

bng cch s dng cng thc trong Ph lc D xc nh chiu di d, chiu di ny da trn qui c
v c gi l chiu di qui c.
Yu cu c bo v nu:
d > dc
trong

27

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

d

l chiu di qui c, tnh bng km, ca ng dy cung cp in ca kt cu ang xt, c gi tr

ln nht l 1 km;

dc
dc

l chiu di ti hn;
tnh bng km, bng

1
2
i vi mc hu qu d) v bng
i vi mc hu qu e) trong Ng
Ng
Ng

l tn sut ca chp trn mi km2 trong mt nm.

Nu vic tnh ton ny cho thy cn phi c thit b bo v chng t bin th mc bo v ca cc thit
b bo v ny khng c ln hn mc qu in p cp II cho trong bng 44B.
443.4 in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b
Thit b phi c chn sao cho in p chu xung danh nh khng nh hn in p chu xung yu cu
nh qui nh trong bng 44B. Tng y ban v sn phm c trch nhim yu cu in p chu xung
danh nh trong cc tiu chun lin quan theo IEC 60664-1.
Bng 44B - in p chu xung danh nh yu cu ca thit b
in p danh ngha ca
h thng lp t in

in p chu xung yu cu i vi

a)

kV c)

V
H thng ba

H thng mt

Thit b ti

Thit b ca

Trang b v

Thit b c bo

pha b)

pha c im

im bt u

mch phn

thit b s

v ring (qu

gia

ca h thng

phi v mch

dng dng

in p cp I)

lp t in

sau cng (qu

in (qu in

(qu in p

in p cp III)

p cp II)

cp IV)

120-240

2,5

1,5

0,8

277/480 b)

2,5

1,5

400/690

2,5

1 000

12

230/400 b)

a)

Theo IEC 60038.

b)

Canaa v M, i vi cc in p so vi t cao hn 300 V, p dng in p chu xung tng ng vi in

p cao nht tip theo trong ct mt.

c)

in p chu xung ny c p dng gia cc dy mang in v dy PE.

28

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

444 (S sn)
444.1 (S sn)
444.2 (S sn)
Ch thch: Cc s ny c sn nhm duy tr cc s iu di y.

444.3 Bin php chng nh hng in v t ln thit b in

Cn thc hin cc bin php chng nh hng in v nh hng t ln thit b in:
Tt c cc thit b in phi p ng cc yu cu tng thch in t (EMC) thch hp v phi ph hp
vi cc tiu chun EMC lin quan.
Cn tham kho TCVN 7447-5-51 (IEC 60364-5-51) iu 515.3, Tng thch in t (EMC) v 515.3.1,
La chn mc min nhim v mc pht x.
Ngoi ra, tham kho thm IEC 60364-5-54.
Ngi hoch nh v ngi thit k cc h thng lp t in phi xem xt cc hng mc di y (xem
thm hnh 44O) gim nh hng ca qu in p cm ng v nhiu in t (EMI).
444.3.1 V tr ngun nhiu c th c so vi thit b cm bin.
444.3.2

V tr ca thit b cm bin so vi dng in ln nh trn thanh ci hoc trn thit b, v d

thang my.
444.3.3 Vic b tr cc b lc v/hoc cc thit b bo v chng t bin trong cc mch nui ca thit
b in cm bin.
444.3.4 Chn thit b bo v c c tnh thi gian tr thch hp trnh tc ng khng mong mun
khi c cc qu .
444.3.5 Lin kt cc v bc kim loi v t mn chn.
444.3.6 Cch ly thch hp ( khong cch hoc t mn chn) cp in lc v cp tn hiu, v giao
nhau vung gc.
444.3.7 Cch ly thch hp ( khong cch hoc t mn chn) cp in lc v cp tn hiu so vi dy
dn ni t ca h thng bo v chng st (LPS) (xem IEC 61024-1 v hnh 44P).
444.3.8 Trnh cc mch vng cm ng bng cch chn tuyn dn chung i dy cho cc h thng
khc nhau (xem thm 444.4.4).
444.3.9

S dng cp tn hiu c chng nhiu v/hoc cp xon thnh cp.

29

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

444.3.10 Cc mi ni lin kt cng ngn cng tt.
444.3.11 H thng i dy c cc dy dn mt li cn c bc trong v bc bng kim loi ni lin kt
hoc tng ng.
444.3.12 Trnh s dng h thng TN-C trong h thng lp t in c thit b cm bin (xem hnh 1
v 548.4 ca IEC 60364-5-548). i vi cc ta nh c, hoc c nhiu kh nng c, thit b cng ngh
thng tin quan trng th cn phi xt n vic s dng cc dy bo v (PE) v dy trung tnh (N) ring,
t pha trc im ngun cung cp i vo, gim thiu kh nng xy ra cc vn v in t do
dng in trung tnh truyn sang cc cp tn hiu gy hng hoc nhiu.
444.3.13 i vi cc h thng TN-C-S trong ta nh, c hai kh nng, ty thuc vo cch b tr u
ni gia thit b v cc b phn dn khng thuc h thng lp t.

thay on TN-C ca h thng TN-C-S bng on TN-S phn phi trong phm vi ta nh (xem

hnh 44La, 44Lb v 44M);

trnh to cc mch vng tha gia cc on TN-S khc nhau ca h thng TN-C-S trong phm vi

ta nh (xem hnh 44Lb).

444.3.14

Cc ng ng kim loi (v d cc ng ng dn nc, kh t hoc si m khu vc), v

cc cp cn i vo ta nh cng mt v tr. Cc tm kim loi, mn chn, ng ng bng kim loi v

cc mi ni ca cc b phn ny phi c lin kt v c ni vi lin kt ng th chnh (MEB) ca
ta nh (xem hnh 44N) bng cc dy dn c tr khng thp.
444.3.15 Trong trng hp cc khu vc khc nhau c cc h thng lin kt ng th ring r, cn s
dng cp si quang khng c kim loi hoc cc h thng khng dn in khc gia cc khu vc khc
nhau ny.
Ch thch: Vn v cc in p vi sai so vi t trn cc mng vin thng cng cng ln l trch nhim ca
ngi iu hnh mng, ngi c th chn cc bin php khc.

444.4 Bin php dng cho u ni tn hiu

Trong cc ta nh c dy dn PEN, hoc trong trng hp c nhiu in t trn cp tn hiu do cc
trang b khng thch hp trong h thng in (xem 548.5 ca IEC 60364-5-548), th c th xt n cc
phng php di y trnh hoc gim thiu vn ny.
444.4.1 S dng lin kt si quang cho cc u ni tn hiu.
444.4.2 S dng thit b cp II.
444.4.3 S dng cc bin p cc b c cc cun dy ring r (bin p c dy qun chp i) cp
in cho thit b cng ngh thng tin, c xt n cc yu cu trong 312.2.3 ca IEC 60364-3 v 413.1.5

30

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

i vi cc h thng cng ngh thng tin (h thng cng ngh thng tin cc b), hoc trong 413.5 ca
TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41), bo v bng cch ly v in (v d cc bin p theo IEC 60742).
444.4.4

S dng tuyn i dy (cp) thch hp gim thiu din tch bao ph ca cc mch vng

chung to ra bi cc cp ngun v cp tn hiu.

Thit b 1

Thit b 1

Thit b 2

Thit b 2

Hnh 44La H thng TN-C

Hnh 44Lb H thng TN-C-S

Ch gii
1) St p U dc theo dy PEN
2) Mch vng c din tch hn ch
3) B phn dn khng thuc h thng lp t
Ch thch: Trong h thng TN-C, dng in, m trong h thng TN-S ch chy trong dy trung tnh, cng chy
qua c mn chn hoc dy dn chun ca cp tn hiu, cc b phn dn trn v cc b phn dn khng thuc
h thng lp t v d nh cng trnh c kt cu kim loi.

Hnh 44L H thng TN-C v TN-C-S trong ta nh

31

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Dy dn lin kt
ng th, nu cn

Thit b 1

Thit b 2

Ch gii
1) Trnh st p U dc theo dy PE
2) Mch vng c din tch hn ch
Ch thch: H thng TN-S trnh phn chia dng in trung tnh m t trn hnh 44L.

Hnh 44M Trnh cc dng in trn dy trung tnh trong kt cu lin kt bng cch s dng
h thng TN-S trong phm vi h thng ta nh

32

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

in cc t gn
trong mng nh

in thoi

in thoi

Ngun in

Ngun in

Cp t anten

Cp t anten

Nc, kh, si
m khu vc,
nc thi

Nc, kh, si
m khu vc,
nc thi

Hnh 44Na

Hnh 44Nb

u tin li vo chung:

Trnh vo ti cc li khc nhau:

U0V

U0V

Ch gii
MEB

lin kt ng th chnh

dng in cm ng
Hnh 44N Cp bc st v cc ng ng dn bng kim loi i vo ta nh (v d)

33

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Cp II

Cp I

T
phn
phi
Sn nh

H thng lp t
in ny khng
ph hp vi cc
bin php cho
trong tiu chun,
v d nhnh, h
thng ni t, v.v

Cp II

Cp I

Cp I

T
phn
phi
Sn nh

Dy dn i n thit b
vin thng hoc thit b
cng ngh thng tin

SPD

Ngun
in

Gii thch cc k hiu

im lin kt ca dy dn
ni t cho mc ch bo v
hoc mc ch chc nng
FE

Dy dn ni t chc nng
(ty chn), c s dng v
lin kt theo hng dn ca
ngi vn hnh

n cc in cc t, v
d nh in cc t
nm trong nn mng

u ni
t chnh

Dy PE
Dy trung tnh

SPD Thit b bo v chng t bin

Dy pha
M t cc bin php c minh ha

Ch thch

444.3.14

Cp v ng ng kim loi i vo ta nh ti cng mt v tr

1)

444.3.8

Tuyn dn chung c cch ly v trnh cc mch vng

2)

IEC 61000-2-5

Lin kt cng ngn cng tt, v s dng dy ni t song song vi cp

3)

444.3.10

Cp tn hiu c chng nhiu v/hoc dy dn c xon thnh cp

4)

444.3.9

Trnh cho TN-C xa im ngun vo

5)

444.3.12

S dng bin p c cc cun dy ring r

6)

444.4.3 IEC 60364-5-

H thng lin kt ngang cc b, nu c

7)

S dng thit b cp II

8)

54, Ph lcB
444.4.2

Hnh 44O Minh ha cc bin php c m t trong tiu chun ny s dng trong ta nh hin c

34

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

(H thng bo v
chng st)

Lin kt theo IEC

61024-1

Dy dn
ni t

Kt cu thp
ca ta nh

cm in
xoay chiu

Li

cm in
xoay chiu

T phn
phi in
xoay chiu
Thit b
CNTT

Ngun
d phng

Mng cp
bng kim loi

T phn phi
chnh

u ni t
chnh
in cc t
trong nn mng

1) in thoi

2) H thng in t trong nh
v trong ta nh

H thng cung cp in xoay

chiu

3) H thng lin kt ng th
ngang cc b

Dy bo v PE ca h thng
cung cp in xoay chiu

Hnh 44P Tng quan v h thng ni t ca ta nh theo IEC 60364-5-54, IEC 61000-2-5 v
IEC 61024-1

35

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

445 (45) Bo v chng thp p
445.1 (451) Yu cu chung
445.1.1 (451.1) Trong trng hp st p, hoc mt in p v s phc hi sau c th bao hm cc
tnh hung nguy him cho ngi v ti sn th phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga thch hp.
Ngoi ra, phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga khi mt phn ca h thng lp t hoc thit b s
dng dng in c th hng do st p.
Khng yu cu thit b bo v chng thp p nu vic hng h thng lp t hoc hng thit b s dng
dng in c coi l mt ri ro chp nhn c, vi iu kin l khng gy ra nguy him cho con
ngi.
445.1.2 (451.2) Vic tc ng ca thit b bo v chng thp p c th tr nu nh vic vn hnh thit
b c bo v khng gy nguy him khi xy ra gin on in p hoc mt in p trong thi gian
ngn.
445.1.3 (451.3)

Nu s dng cngtct, vic tr trong qu trnh ngt v ng tr li khng c cn

tr n vic ngt tc thi bi cc thit b iu khin hoc thit b bo v.

445.1.4 (451.4)

c tnh ca thit b bo v chng thp p phi tng thch vi cc yu cu ca tiu

chun IEC v khi ng v s dng thit b.

445.1.5 (451.5) Khi vic ng tr li thit b bo v c nhiu kh nng to ra tnh hung nguy him, th
khng c t ng ng tr li.

36

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ph lcA
(tham kho)

Cc ch gii cho 442.1 v 442.1.2

(Ph lcA ca IEC 60364-4-442, xut bn ln1)

A.442.1 Qui nh chung

Cc qui tc trong hai iu ny nhm to an ton cho con ngi v thit b trong h thng h p khi c
s c chm t trong h thng cao p.
S c gia cc h thng cc in p khc nhau l cc s c c th xy ra trn pha cao p ca trm
bin p cp in cho h thng in h p thng qua h thng phn phi lm vic in p cao hn.
Cc s c ny lm cho dng in chy trong in cc t m cc phn dn trn ca trm bin p
ni vo.
Cng dng in s c ph thuc vo tr khng ca mch vng s c, tc l ph thuc vo cch
ni t ca trung tnh cao p.
Dng in s c chy trong in cc t ca b phn dn trn ca trm bin p lm tng in th
so vi t ca cc b phn dn trn ca trm bin p v ln ca in th b chi phi bi:

cng ca dng in s c, v

in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn thuc trm bin p.

in p s c c th cao n vi nghn vn v, ty thuc vo cc h thng ni t ca h thng lp t,

c th gy ra:

tng in th ca ton h thng in h p so vi t, v iu ny c th gy ra nh thng trong

thit b h p;

tng in th ca tt c cc b phn dn trn ca h thng in h p so vi t, iu ny c

th gy ra in p s c v in p chm.
Thng cn nhiu thi gian gii tr s c trong h thng in cao p hn l trong h thng in h
p, bi v r le c thi gian tr phn bit vi tc ng khng mong mun khi c cc qu . Thi gian
tc ng ca thit b ng ct cao p cng di hn so vi thit b ng ct h p. iu ny c ngha l
khong thi gian din ra in p s c v in p chm tng ng trn cc b phn dn trn ca h
thng in h p c th di hn thi gian so vi yu cu ca cc qui tc ca h thng in h p.
Cng c th c nguy c nh thng trong h thng in h p ca trm bin p hoc h thng lp t
in ca h tiu th. Tc ng ca cc thit b bo v trong cc iu kin bt thng ca in p phc
37

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

hi qu c th lm ny sinh nhng kh khn trong vic ngt mch in hoc thm ch gy hng khi
ngt mch.
Cn xt n cc iu kin s c di y trong h thng in cao p:
H thng in cao p ni t hiu qu

Cc h thng ny gm h thng c trung tnh ni t trc tip hoc qua mt tr khng thp v khi m
cc s c c gii tr trong khong thi gian ngn hp l do thit b bo v to ra.
Khng xt n vic ni trung tnh vi t trong trm bin p lin quan.
Nhn chung, b qua dng in in dung.
H thng in cao p cch ly

Ch xt n cc iu kin s c n do s c ln u gia b phn mang in cao p v cc b phn

dn trn ca trm bin p. Dng in (in dung) ny c th hoc khng th b ct, ty thuc vo
cng dng in v h thng bo v.
H thng in cao p c cc cun dy dp h quang

Khng xt n cc cun dy dp h quang trong trm bin p lin quan.

Trong trng hp xy ra s c chm t trong h thng in cao p gia dy dn cao p v cc b
phn dn trn ca trm bin p, th ch xut hin dng in s c nh (hu ht dng d ch c vi
chc ampe). Dng in ny c php tn ti trong thi gian di hn.
A.442.1.2 in p s c
Hnh 44A c ly t ng cong c1 ca hnh 14 trong IEC 60479-1.
Khi xem xt cc gi tr ca in p s c, cn tnh n:
a) ri ro thp ca s c chm t trong h thng in cao p;
b) thc t l in p chm lun nh hn in p s c do lin kt ng th chnh yu cu trong
413.1.1.2 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41) v s c mt ca cc in cc t b sung ti h
thng lp t in ca h tiu th hoc mt ni no khc.
Cc gi tr do ITU-T a ra l 650 V trong vng 0,2 s v 430 V i vi ngt t ng trong thi gian di
hn 0,2 s l vt qu mt cht so vi cc gi tr trn hnh 44A.

38

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ph lcB
(tham kho)

Hng dn v khng ch qu in p bng thit b bo v chng t bin

s dng cho ng dy trn khng
(Ph lc A ca IEC 60364-4-443 b sung 1 cho xut bn ln hai)

Trong cc iu kin ca 443.3.2.1 v theo ch thch 1, c th khng ch mc qu in p bo v

bng cch lp cc thit b bo v chng t bin trc tip trong h thng lp t, hoc ti ng dy
trn khng ca mng phn phi ngun nhng phi c php ca ngi vn hnh mng.
V d, c th p dng cc bin php sau:
a) i vi trng hp mng phn phi ngun trn khng, bo v qu in p c lp t ti cc im
giao nhau ca mng v c bit ti im cui ca mi ng dy ra di hn 500 m. Cc thit b bo v
chng qu in p cn c lp t ti cc im cch nhau 500 m dc theo ng dy phn phi in.
Khong cch gia cc thit b bo v chng qu in p cn nh hn 1 000 m;
b) nu mng phn phi in c lp t mt phn l mng trn khng v mt phn l mng ngm, th
bo v chng qu in p trong cc ng dy trn khng cn c p dng theo im a) ti mi im
chuyn tip t ng dy trn khng sang ng dy ngm;
c) trong mng phn phi TN cp in cho cc h thng lp t in, khi vic bo v chng tip xc
gin tip c thc hin bng cch t ng ngt ngun, cc dy dn ni t ca thit b bo v chng
qu in p ni vi cc dy dn ng dy phi c ni vi dy PEN hoc dy PE;
d) trong mng phn phi TT cp in cho cc h thng lp t in, khi bo v chng tip xc gin tip
c thc hin bng cch t ng ngt ngun, cn c cc thit b bo v chng qu in p cho cc
dy pha v dy trung tnh. Ti ni m dy trung tnh ca mng ngun c ni t hiu qu th khng
cn thit b bo v chng qu in p cho dy trung tnh.
Ch thch: c, Ph lcB l Ph lc qui nh.

39

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng B.1 Cc kh nng khc nhau i vi h thng IT
(xt n s c ln u trong h thng lp t in h p)
(xem 442.4.4 v 442.5.2)
(Bng ny nm trong Ph lc A ca IEC 60364-4-442, xut bn ln th nht)

H thng

B phn dn

Tr khng

B phn dn

trn ca thit b

trung tnh,

trn ca thit b

h p trong trm

nu c

trong h thng

bin p

U1

U2

Uf

U0 3

U0 3

R x Im

U0 3

R x Im + U 0 3

0a

R x Im + U 0 3

U0 3

0a

R x Im + U 0 3

U0 3

0a

R x Im + U 0 3

R x Im + U 0 3

R x Im

lp t h p

a
b
cb

eb

a Trong thc t, Uf bng tch gia dng in s c ln u vi in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn dn

trn (RA x Id), tch ny phi nh hn hoc bng UL.
Ngoi ra, trong cc h thng a, b v d, trong mt s trng hp nht nh, dng in in dung trong s c ln
u c th lm tng gi tr ca Uf, nhng iu ny c b qua.
b Trong cc h thng c1 v e1, tr khng c t gia trung tnh v t (trung tnh tr khng).
Trong cc h thng c2 v e2, khng c tr khng no c t gia trung tnh v t (trung tnh cch ly).

Cc hnh t 44D n 44K a ra cc kh nng b tr ni t khc nhau, c hoc khng c s c ln u

ti h thng lp t in ca h tiu th.

40

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ph lcC
(tham kho)

IEC 60364 Phn 1 n 6: Kt cu li

Bng C.1 Quan h gia cc phn kt cu li v phn ban u
S xut bn
theo kt cu
li

Phn 1
Nguyn tc c
bn

Phn 4-41
Bo v an ton

Tiu chun c
nm trong phn
mi

Tn gi

IEC 60364-1

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 1:

Xut bn ln 3

Phm vi, i tng v nguyn tc c bn

IEC 60364-2-21

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 2:

TR 3 Xut bn

nh ngha Chng 21: Hng dn cc thut ng

ln 1

chung

IEC 60364-3

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 3:

Xut bn ln 2

nh gi cc c tnh chung

IEC 60364-4-41

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 3

Bo v an ton Chng 41: Bo v chng in git

IEC 60364-4-46

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 1

Bo v an ton Chng 46: Cch ly v ng ct

IEC 60364-4-47

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 1

Bo v an ton Chng 47: p dng cc bin

Nm
xut
bn

Sa i (nm)

1992

1993

1993 Sa i 1 (1994)
Sa i 2 (1995)
1992 Sa i 1 (1996)
Sa i 2 (1999)
1981

1981 Sa i 1 (1993)

php bo v an ton Mc 470: Qui nh chung

Bo v

Mc 471: Bin php bo v chng in git

chng in git

IEC 60364-4-481 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 1

1993

Bo v an ton Chng 48: La chn bin php

bo v l hm ca nh hng bn ngoi Mc 481:
La chn bin php bo v chng in git c lin
quan n nh hng bn ngoi

Phn 4-42

IEC 60364-4-42

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4: Bo

Bo v an ton Xut bn ln 1

v an ton Chng 42: Bo v chng nh hng v

Bo v

nhit

chng nh
hng v nhit

IEC 60364-4-482 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 1

1980

1982

Bo v an ton Chng 48: La chn bin php

bo v l hm ca nh hng bn ngoi Mc 482:
Bo v chng chy

41

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng C.1 (tip theo)
S xut bn
Xut bn c
theo kt cu li nm trong phn
mi

Phn 4-43

Tn gi

Nm
xut
bn

Sa i (nm)

IEC 60364-4-43

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4: Bo 1977 Sa i 1 (1997)

Xut bn ln 1

v an ton Chng 43: Bo v chng qu dng

Bo v an ton

IEC 60364-4-473 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Bo v chng

Xut bn ln 1

1977 Sa i 1 (1997)

Bo v an ton Chng 47: p dng cc bin

php bo v an ton Mc 473: Bin php bo v

qu dng

chng qu dng
IEC 60364-4-442 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:
Xut bn ln 1

1993 Sa i 1 (1995)
Sa i 2 (1999)

Bo v an ton Chng 44: Bo v chng qu

in p Mc 442: Bo v h thng lp t in
h p khi s c gia h thng cao p v t

Phn 4-44
Bo v an ton

IEC 60364-4-443 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 2

Bo v an ton Chng 44: Bo v chng qu

Bo v chng

in p Mc 443: Bo v chng qu in p c

nhiu in t v

ngun gc kh quyn hoc do ng ct

nhiu in p

IEC 60364-4-444 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 1

1995 Sa i 1 (1998)

1996

Bo v an ton Chng 44: Bo v chng qu

in p Mc 444: Bo v chng nhiu in t
(EMI) trong h thng lp t ca ta nh

Phn 5-51
La chn v lp

IEC 60364-4-45

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4: Bo 1984

Xut bn ln 1

v an ton Chng 45: Bo v chng thp p

IEC 60364-5-51

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

Xut bn ln 3

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 51: Qui

tc chung

t thit b in
Nguyn tc

IEC 60364-3

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 3:

chung

Xut bn ln 2

nh gi cc c tnh chung

IEC 60364-5-52

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

Xut bn ln 1

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 52: H

Phn 5-52
La chn v lp

1993 Sa i 1 (1994)
Sa i 2 (1995)
1993 Sa i 1 (1997)

thng i dy

t thit b in
H thng i

IEC 60364-5-523 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

dy

Xut bn ln 2

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 52: H

thng i dy Mc 523: Kh nng mang dng

42

1997

1999

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng C.1 (kt thc)
Tn gi

S xut bn
Xut bn c
theo kt cu li nm trong phn
mi

Phn 5-53
La chn v lp
t thit b in
Cch ly, ng
ct v iu
khin

Nm
xut
bn

IEC 60364-4-46 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 4:

Xut bn ln 1
Bo v an ton Chng 46: Cch ly v ng ct
(tr iu 461
c xt n
trong phn 4-41)

1981

IEC 60364-5-53

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

1994

Xut bn ln 2

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 53: Thit

Sa i
(nm)

b ng ct v iu khin
IEC 60364-5-534 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:
Xut bn ln 1

1997

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 53: Thit

b ng ct v iu khin Mc 534: C cu bo v
chng qu p

IEC 60364-5-537 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

Xut bn ln 1

1981 Sa i 1 (1989)

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 53: Thit

b ng ct v iu khin Mc 537: C cu
cch ly v ng ct

Phn 5-54

IEC 60364-5-54

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

Xut bn ln 1

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 54: B tr

La chn v lp

1980 Sa i 1 (1982)

ni t v dy bo v

t thit b in

IEC 60364-5-548 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

B tr ni t

Xut bn ln 1

1996 Sa i 1 (1998)

La chn v lp t thit b in Mc 548: B tr

ni t v lin kt ng th i vi h thng lp t
cng ngh thng tin

IEC 60364-5-551 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

Xut bn ln 1
Phn 5-55

1994

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 55: Thit

b khc Mc 551: T my pht in h p

La chn v lp IEC 60364-5-559 H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5: La

t thit b in Xut bn ln 1
chn v lp t thit b in Chng 55: Thit b
Thit b khc
khc Mc 559: n in v h thng chiu sng
IEC 60364-5-56

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 5:

Xut bn ln 1

La chn v lp t thit b in Chng 56: Dch

1999

1980 Sa i 1 (1998)

v an ton
IEC 60364-3

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 3:

Xut bn ln 2

nh gi cc c tnh chung

Phn 6-61

IEC 60364-6-61

H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh Phn 6:

Kim tra v th
nghim Kim
tra ban u

Xut bn ln 1

Kim tra Chng 61: Kim tra ban u

1993 Sa i 1 (1994)
Sa i 2 (1995)
1986 Sa i 1 (1993)
Sa i 2 (1997)

43

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng C.2 Quan h gia cch nh s iu mi v c
S kt cu
li

Trc y, nu Nm xut

Tn gi iu

c khc bit

bn gc

12

3.2

1993

Ti liu vin dn

Ph lcB

21

1993

nh ngha, hng dn cc thut ng chung

B1.0

21.0

1993

Phm vi p dng

B1.1

21.1

1993

c tnh ca h thng lp t

B1.2

21.2

1993

in p

B1.3

21.3

1993

in git

B1.4

21.4

1993

Ni t

B1.5

21.5

1993

Mch in

B1.7

21.7

1993

Thit b khc

B1.8

21.8

1993

Cch ly v ng ct

400.1

1992

Gii thiu

Phn 1

Phn 4-41
410
410.2

Mi

Ti liu vin dn

410.3

470

p dng cc bin php bo v chng in git

Phn 4-42
421

422

1980

Bo v chng chy

422

482

1982

Bo v chng chy nhng ni c ri ro c bit

422.1

482.0

1982

Qui nh chung

422.2

482.1

1982

iu kin s tn khi ta nh trong trng hp khn cp

422.3

482.2

1982

Bn cht ca vt liu gia cng hoc d tr

422.4

482.3

1982

Vt liu d chy dng trong kt cu

422.5

482.4

1982

Kt cu chy lan

473.3

1977

Cc yu cu theo bn cht ca mch in

431.1

473.3.1

1977

Bo v ca dy pha

431.2

473.3.2

1977

Bo v ca dy trung tnh

431.3

473.3.3

1977

Ngt v u ni li dy trung tnh

433.1

433.2

1977

S kt hp gia cc dy dn v c cu bo v qu chng ti

433.2

473.1.1

1977

Lp c cu bo v qu chng ti

433.3

473.1.2

1977

Khng lp c cu bo v chng qu ti

433.4

473.1.3

1977

Lp hoc khng lp c cu bo v chng qu ti trong h thng IT

433.5

473.1.4

1977

Nhng trng hp khuyn co khng lp c cu bo v chng qu

Phn 4-43
431

ti v l do an ton
433.6

44

473.1.5

1977

Bo v chng qu ti cho dy dn mc song song

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng C.2 (tip theo)
S kt cu

Trc y, nu

Nm xut

Tn gi iu

li

c khc bit

bn gc

434.1

434.2

1977

Xc nh dng in ngn mch k vng

434.2

473.2.1

1977

Lp c cu bo v chng ngn mch

434.3

473.2.3

1977

Khng lp c cu bo v chng ngn mch

434.4

473.2.4

1977

Bo v ngn mch ca dy dn mc song song

434.5

434.3

1977

c tnh ca thit b bo v chng ngn mch

Phn 4-44
440

1993, 1995 Gii thiu Bin son t li gii thiu ca phn 4-442 (mt phn),
v 1996,

4-443 v 4-444 (mt phn)

tng ng
440.1

442.1.1

1993

Phm vi p dng

440.2

442.1.4

1993

Ti liu vin dn

445

45

1984

Bo v chng thp p

445.1

451

1984

Yu cu chung

510

51

1997

Gii thiu

511

320.1

1993

iu kin lm vic v nh hng bn ngoi

Phn 5-51

320.2
Phn 5-52
Bng 52-1

52F

1993

La chn h thng i dy

Bng 52-2

52G

1993

Lp t h thng i dy

Bng 52-3

52H

1993

V d v phng php lp t

Bng 52-4

52-A

1993

Nhit lm vic ln nht i vi cc loi cch in

523.5

523.4

1983

Nhm c nhiu hn mt mch in

523.6

523.5

1983

S lng dy dn mang ti

523.7

523.6

1983

Dy dn mc song song

523.8

523.7

1983

S thay i ca iu kin lp t dc theo tuyn

Bng 52-5

52J

1993

Din tch mt ct ngang nh nht ca dy dn

Ph lc C

Ph lc B

1993

Cng thc biu din kh nng mang dng

Ph lc D

Ph lc C

1993

nh hng ca dng in hi ln h thng ba pha cn bng

534.3

535

1997

C cu bo v chng thp p

535

539

1981

S phi hp ca cc c cu bo v khc nhau

Phn 5-53

535.1

539.1

Phn bit gia cc c cu bo v qu dng

535.2

539.2

S kt hp ca cc thit b bo v bng dng d

535.3

539.3

Phn bit gia cc thit b bo v bng dng d

45

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Bng C.2 (kt thc)
S kt cu

Trc y, nu

Nm xut

li

c khc bit

bn gc

536

46

1981

Cch ly v ng ct

536.0

460

1981

Gii thiu

536.1

461

1981

Qui nh chung

536.2

462

1981

Cch ly

536.3

463

1981

Ngt in bo dng v c

536.4

464

1981

Chuyn mch khn cp

536.5

465

1981

Chuyn mch chc nng

Phn 5-54

Tn gi iu

Ch thch: Khng c thay i v cch nh s iu

Phn 5-55
550.2

551.1.2

1994

Ti liu vin dn

559.2
556

56

1980

Dch v an ton

556.1

352

1980

Qui nh chung

556.4

562

1980

Ngun an ton

556.5

563

1980

Mch in

556.6

564

1980

Thit b s dng

556.7

565

1980

Yu cu c bit i vi dch v an ton c ngun khng c kh

nng hot ng song song

556.8

566

1980

Yu cu c bit i vi dch v an ton c ngun c kh nng

hot ng song song

Phn 6-61

46

Ch thch: Khng c thay i v cch nh s iu

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ph lc D
(qui nh)

Xc nh chiu di qui c, d

Cu hnh ca ng dy phn phi h p, ni t, mc cch in v cc hin tng cn xt n (ghp

cm ng v ghp in tr) dn n s la chn chiu di d khc nhau. Cch xc nh c xut
di y i din, theo qui c, cho trng hp xu nht.
Ch thch: Phng php c n gin ha ny da trn IEC 61662.

d = d1 +

d2 d3
+
K g Kt

Theo qui c d c gii hn n 1 km,

trong
d1

l chiu di ca ng dy h p trn khng n kt cu, gii hn n 1 km;

d2

l chiu di ca ng dy ngm h p khng che chn n kt cu, gii hn n 1 km;

d3

l chiu di ca ng dy cao p trn khng n kt cu, gii hn n 1 km;

B qua chiu di ca ng dy ngm cao p.
B qua chiu di ca ng dy ngm h p c che chn.

Kg = 4

l h s gim nh da trn t s v nh hng ca cc tc ng gia ng dy trn khng v

cp ngm khng che chn, c tnh vi in tr sut ca t l 250 m;

Kt = 4

l h s gim nh in hnh ca bin p.

47

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

ng dy h p v cao p trn khng

d = d1 +

d3
Kt

ng dy cao p trn khng v ng dy h p ngm

d
d
d= 3 + 2
Kt K g

ng dy cao p v h p ngm

d=

d2
Kg

d=

d3
Kt

ng dy cao p trn khng

Ch thch: Khi bin p cao p/h p nm bn trong ta nh th d1 = d2 = 0

Hnh 44Q V d v cch p dng d1, d2 v d3 xc nh d

48

TCVN 7447-4-44 : 2004

Ti liu tham kho

IEC 60364-3 : 1993, Electrical installations of buildings Part 3: Assessment of general characteristics
(H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 3: nh gi cc c tnh chung).
TCVN 7447-5-51 : 2004 (IEC 60364-5-51 : 2001), H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-51:
La chn v lp t cc thit b in Qui tc chung.
IEC 61000-2 (tt c cc phn), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2: Environment (Tng thch
in t (EMC) Phn 2: Mi trng).
IEC 61000-5 (tt c cc phn), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 5: Installation and mitigation
guidelines (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 5: Hng dn lp t v gim nh).
IEC 61663-1, Lightning protection Telecommunication lines Part 1: Fibre optic installations (Bo v
chng st - ng dy vin thng Phn 1: H thng lp t si quang).

________________________________

49