Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1225
TABLE 1
Gestation length in cattle and buffaloes
Gestation length
Breed
Reference
Aberdeen A n g u s
Foote (36)
Livesay (65)
Long (66)
Rife (85)
Wheat (106)
Weighted average
Ayrshire
Brown Swiss
Year
No. of
reported gestations Males
1960
1945
1948
1943
1958
A n a n t a k r i s h n a n (6) 1952
Brakel (13)
1952
De Fries (28)
1959
Fitch (35)
1924
Livesay (65)
1945
M~kel~ (68)
1955
McCandlish (71)
1922
Weighted average
Brakel (13)
De Fries (28)
Ineichen (46)
Stallcup (93)
Weaver (104)
Weighted average
1952
1959
1946
1956
1947
128
173
99
28
202
79
94
630
400
331
285
113
580
382
35
35O
378
2,126
45
170
3,105
25
148
1,684
282.7
Hereford
Brakel (13)
De Fries (28)
Fitch (35)
H e r m a n (43)
McCandlish (71)
Stallcup (93)
Weighted average
Burris (19)
Lasley (61)
Livesay (65)
Long (66)
Rice (84)
Rife (85)
Wheat (106)
Weighted average
Holstein-Friesian
Brakel (13)
Davis (25)
De Fries (28)
Fitch (35)
Foote (37)
I~erman (43)
J a f a r (47)
Knoop (56)
K n o t t (57)
Livesay (65)
McCandlish (71)
Norton (75)
Norton (75)
Stallcup (93)
W i n g (111)
Weighted average
1952
1959
1924
1953
1922
1956
1952
1961
1945
1948
1954
1943
1958
1952
1954
1959
1924
1959
1953
1950
1934
1932
1945
1922
1956
1956
J956
1899
277
215
103
227
77
38
235
210
937
188
414
174
101
443
29
275
321
296
1,624
354
755
1,054
220
536
1,306
384
432
2,824
4]5
111
1,953
2,065
375
97
5,207
282.2
Mean for
both sexes
278.6
282~5
276.4
272.8
279.5
282.7
282.2
279.36
284.6 + 0.71
278.1
284.6 _ 0.55
277.5
277
279.0
279
277.0
278.2
277.7
284.6
277.8
279.9
278
0.34
-~- 0.23
4.21
+ 0.44
-~- 4.30
278.7
278.4
291.5
288.8 ~__ 6.4
291.1
291.5
1,594
3,493
Gue~usey
Females
290.2
287.9 ___ 5.6
290.8
288.4
291.5
290.9
288.3
291.0
+_ 0.61
6.06
-4- 0.10
___ 5.9
6.0
290.2
290.9
283.5 + 0.6
284.1
282
283.5 --~ 7.0
283.5
282.4
283.5
285.0
285.2
287.3 _~ 6.2
286.5 6.2
286.1 + 5.6
287.0
285.2
286.3
286.9
289.0
284.9
286.8
286.2
286.3
278.9
278.4
281.6
276.3
279.4
281.0
274.8
278.3
278.5 ~ 0.22
280.4 ~ 0.09
278.7
277.0
280.8
281.6
276.8 5.8
277.8 0.21
279.4 0.09
277.7
279.3
279.4
280.4
276.4 12.1
280.0
278.6 0.28
278.6
279.6 -+- 4.98
281.2 0.15
275.6
278.8
278.2 ~- 4.80
278.2 ~ 0.i5
279.9 0.06
278.3
278.0
279.9
281.0
276.6 +-- 4.6
280
1226
TABLE 1 Continued
Gestation length
Breed
Reference
Year
No. of
reported gestations Males
Black Pied
Friesian
Holstein-Friesian
Friesian Brazil
Friesian French
Friesian Swedish
Jersey
1944
1961
1949
447
100
168
Veiga (100)
Signoret (90)
Diiring (33)
Brakel (13)
Copeland (21)
1947
1956
1937
1952
1930
1,130
86
921
249
1,075
(579)
339
100
5O
1,003
373
265
73
183
159
100
1,353
415
1,408
1,400
5,737
De Fries (28)
Fitch (35)
Grossman (41)
Herman (43)
Knoop (56)
Livesay (65)
McCandlish (71)
McDowell (72)
McDowell (72)
McDowell (72)
Rollins (87)
Stallcup (93)
Weighted average
Various breeds
Africander
Brown Alpine
Caraeu
Dairy Cattle N. Z.
Danish Red
Egyptian buffaloes
Egyptian cattle
Flemish Brazil
Galloway
Gronigen
Gacko
Gir
Gujarat
Hariane
Meuse-Rhine
Montafor~
Murrah buffaloes
Nellore
Normandy
SahivaI
Simmental
Sindhi
South Devon
Spotted Mountain
Joubert (54)
Bonadonna (12)
Jordfio (51)
Ward (103)
Andersen (7)
Nielsen (74)
Rottensten (88)
Ahmed (3)
Ghanem (38)
Ragab (81)
Ahmed (3)
Ragab (81)
Jord~o (49)
White (108)
Willet (110)
Felegrini (78)
Lazarus (62)
' ' Mukteswar ' ' (73)
Briquet (16)
Kohli (59)
Jord~o (50)
Ogrizek (76)
Arunaehalam (8)
Arunachalam (8)
Veiga (99)
Signoret (90)
' ' Mukteswar ' ' ( 73)
Ogrizek (76)
Vul~avic (-102)
Anantakrishnan (6)
Dave (22)
Lazarus (62)
" M u k t e s w a r ~' (73)
Singh (92)
Joubert (52)
Hirt (45)
1959
1924
1949
1953
1934
1945
1922
1959
1959
1959
1956
1956
1959
1946
1938
1948
1962
1964
1956
1956
1955
1951
1956
1951
1947
1934
1950
1958
1952
1956
1948
1957
1951
1939
1952
1952
1946
1956
1956
1939
1952
1952
1950
1952
]956
1961
1957
1953
473
1,849
98O
2,228
615
982
5,517
151
424
410
180
855
125
116
3,425
2O4
359
891
210
797
179
206
250
225
254
395
5,246
4,296
4O6
856
4O6
1,003
2,556
220
1]0
2.760
Mean for
both sexes
279.0
5,785
12,881
Dinkhauser (30)
Dessouky (29)
Grossman (41)
Females
279.4
281.0
276.6
280.6 + 1.01
282.3 _~ 0.27
278.3 +__0.98
281.4 -+- 0.27
279.5
278.6
285.9 -~ 0.95
282.0 1.03
281.0
279.3
278.6
280
279.9
277.6
277,2
280
279.7
282.3 + 10.30
276.5
276.2 _+ 0.39
279.9 + 5.6
280.2
278.1 +_ 7.5
281.9 + 0.19
277.9 ~ 0.38
278.5
279.5
284.3
278.3
280.4
278.9
277.9
280
281.0
279.3
279.5
282.7
278.9
5.34
_~ 0.7
_ 0.27
+ 0.25
___ 0.46
~ 5.4
6.5
278.9
280.1
296.2 ___ 0.45
286.4 _--+-0.45
282.1 ~ 5.3
279.3 ~ 0.39
281.8
318.3
319.0
317.5
288.2
289.8
277.9
282.8 3.4
315.8
289.8
289.2
277.7
283.1 3.0
286.0
284.4
294.2
291.8 _ 0.87
291.1
289.7 ~ 0.94
291.9 ~- 0.36
287.5 1.01
286.0
285.0
284.1
283.5
282.2
282.5
286.5 0.5
284.5 O.5
295.0 ~- 0.32
286.8
286.9 _ 0.35
282.6 ~- 5.1
282.0
318.7
316.4
316.7
289.0
289.5
277.8
282.9
279.8
284.1
285.1
284.4
292.5
290.7
277.0
284.6
302.4
305.3
291.4
-*- 0.06
7.86
~ 8.8
_ 7.2
3.2
+ 0.09
_ 0.90
~ 0.82
-~- 0.50
285.9
287.8 _ 0.17
285.3
283.2 ~ 0.23
283.2
283.0
283.9
285.5 + 0.36
287.0
289.4
GESTATION
LENGTH
AND BIRTH
WEIGHT.
A REVIEW
1227
TABLE 1 Concluded
Gestation length
Breed
Swedish Red and White
Served by Red
Pied Bulls
Swedish Red and White
Served by Ayrshire
Bulls
Swedish Red and White
Reference
Rendel (82)
Year
No. of
reported gestations Males
1958 ]
t
Females
Mean for
both sexes
281.6
3,507
283.3
1958
1928 10,217 0.7 day longer
283.7 ~ 0.06
1959
4,991 Significantly longer
282.3 --+ 0.09
Swedish Polled
1959
1,950
286.0 ___0.13
Tharparker
1951
1,146 288.5 0.46 285.8 ~ 0.48 287.2 ---~.034
287.9
"Mukteswar" (73) 1 9 5 6 2,425
Singh (91)
1958
681
289.5 -4- 0.46 287.2 --+ 0.48 288.4 --+ 0.35
For some eases the gestation length is given with standard deviation and in other cases given with standard error.
Remodel (82)
Johansson (48)
Rendel (83)
Rendel (83)
Chaudhuri (20)
1228
TABL]~ 2
Birth weight of the calf of different breeds
Birth weight
Breed
Reference
Aberdeen Angus
Bnrris (19)
Foote (36)
Weighted average
Ayrshire
Brown Swiss
1952
1960
Davis (24)
Donald (31)
Eckles (34)
Fitch (35)
Legault (64)
MeCandlish (71)
Weighted average
1956
1962
1918
1924
1962
1922
Legault (64)
Stalleup (93)
Weighted average
1962
1956
Davis (24)
Guernsey
F~ch(~5)
Legault (64)
MeCandlish (71)
Stalleup (93)
Weighted average
Hereford
Year
No. of
reported gestations
1956
1924
1962
1922
1956
Brinks (15)
Burris (19)
Gregory (40)
Joubert (53)
Lasley (61)
Rice (84)
Weighted average
1961
1952
1950
1959
1961
1954
Davis (25)
Davis (23)
Davis (23)
Eckles (34)
Fitch (35)
Fo0te (37)
Hilder (44)
L~gault (64)
MeCandlish (71)
Stalleup (93)
Tyler (98)
Willard (109)
Weighted average
1954
1955
1955
1918
1924
Holstein-Friesian
Black Pied
Dutch Frlesian
Friesian
Friesland
Holstein-Galloway
1959
1949
1962
1922
1956
1947
1948
184
128
92
92
312
100
82
53
115
213
35
203
213
598
163
24
87
76
187
78
104
154
77
38
176
159
451
4,432
188
281
48
414
323
2,699
2,525
5,686
755
262
239
154
75
536
229
587
74
375
794
108
830
815
4,188
Dinkhauser (30)
Stegdnga (94)
Stegenga (94)
Donald (31 )
Grossman (41)
Rognoni (86)
1944
447
1961~ 4,000
1961 ~
1962
1949
i958
84
168
144
Joubert (53)
White (108)
1959
1934
22
116
Males
67.1~0.95
Females
61.8 +- 0.79
Mean for
both sexes
64.2
56,2
67.1
68.8
60.9
73.0
75.0+-___1.35
84.3__-4=__2.4
68.0
79.1
65.0
69.0 +.~ 1.44
76.5 + 2.4
65.0
79.0
73.1 __ 1.7
69.0
72,0 -4- 1.03
80,4 +- 2.1
66.0
71.9
75.7
106.9+3.3
97.6 --+-3.5
102.6 --4-_3.0
95,1
106.9
97.6
101,6
67.0+-__1.18
76.2+3.3
66.0
60.0 ~- 1.17
67.5 -~ 3.7
61.0
72.0
64.0 -4- 0.90
71.1 _ 3.2
64.0
67.5
71.2
63.5
68.1
80.2--+-8.1
69.9--+-0.97
74.0+9.8
74.8 + 6.1
65.4 + 0.82
69.0 +- 8.8
70.7 +- 7.88
77.6
67.4
71.0 9.6
77.8 + 1.79
71.9 -~- 8.3
72.1
73.9
76.2
96.7
90.3
93.0
S8.0
i 0 1 . 0 + o 12
98.1+__1.7
97.0
90.9 ~ 1.96
91.1 ~ 1.8
89.0
93.5
88.0
90.0
90.0
95.0
91.8
95.8
94.7
94.0
92.8
92.9
89.5
-+- 1.57
+- 0.79
--~ 1.6
9.55
97.1
90.3
92.7
91.5 a
73'0a'b
84.9a, e
84.9 a
70.0 a, b
79.8 a, e
89.5 a
71.5a, b
82.4a, c
87.0
78.7 a
73.6 a
78.0
91.0+-8.7
76.6
85.0 ~ 7.2
77.2 1.89
87.9 +- 8.2
]229
TABLE 2 Concluded
Birth weight
Breed
Jersey
Shorthorn
Reference
Davis (24)
Donald (31)
Eckles (34)
Fitch (35)
Grossman (41)
Hilder (44)
Legault (64)
Matthews (70)
McCandlish (71)
MeDowell (72)
MeDowell (72)
McDowell (72)
Stallcup (93)
Weighted average
Braude (14)
Burris (19)
Dawson (26)
Eckles (3.4)
Foote (36)
Knapp (55)
Knapp (55)
Weighted a~'erage
Various breeds
Afrieauder
Brown Alpine
Charo]lais
Czekosl. Red Spotted
Chiana
Danish Red
Egyptian buffaloes
Egyptian cattle
Fehnish Brazil
Gir
Hariana India
Meuse-Rhlne
Murrah buffaloes
Sindhi
South Devon
Spotted Mountain
Tharparker
Zeten Zebu
Year
No. of
reported gestations
Joubert (54)
Bonadonna (12)
Rognoni (86)
Dumont (32)
Suehanek (96)
Bujatti (18)
Andersen (7)
Hilder (44)
Nielsen (74)
Venge (101)
Asker (9)
As~er (9)
Jord~o (49)
Anantakrishnan (6)
Kohli (60)
Jord~o (50)
Arunachalam (8)
Lazarus (63)
Anantakrishnan (6)
Dave (22)
Singh (91)
Joubert (52)
Abelein (1)
Baehner (10)
Chaudhm'i (20)
Lazarus (63)
]956
1962
1918
1924
1949
1949
1962
1954
1922
1959
1959
1959
1956
1949
1952
1947
1918
]960
1940
1940
1957
1946
1958
1959
1961
1956
1962
1949
1964
1948
1953
1953
1947
1952
1957
1951
1952
1950
1952
1950
1961
1957
1959
1949
1951
1950
105
82
196
92
50
254
117
562
73
183
159
100
415
439
601
2,388
230
130
402
30
72
164
133
438
421
1,161
178
1,849
154
133
1,549
106
615
49
982
429
286
270
125
396
771
179
59
12
1,048
406
220
110
189
100
1,146
213
Males
Females
58.0
59.0 1.17
53.0
54.0 1.30
56.9 2.7
61.0
55.0
51.6 2.9
56.0
52.0
Mean for
both sexes
54.0
49.6 _+ 1.8
55.0
57.0 +_ 0.90
50.0a
55.2 0.46
54.4 -----2.4
57.6
54.0
59.6 _ 0.77
58.5 0.56
56.7 0.91
51.6
59.0
54.8
55.4
66.7 0.66
72.2
74.0
6].8 0.26
68.7
73.0
71.5
81.0
72.6
66.8
77.5
81.7
64.4
70.5
73.0
59.9
69.2
79.2
68.9
72.3
110.7a
101.2a
86.00.25a. b
80.2+0.22a. b
94.6 a,
88.6a. c
84.9 a
56.9 a
88.0a
80.2 a
52.7 a
81.4 a
51.8
88.8 a
49.9
83.8 a
81.4
70.2
71.5 0.67
90.4 a
70.5a
105.6 a
96.1 a
99.9 a
80.81.56a
88.2 a
49.3
73.2
48.1 a
101.8
45.6a
99.1
88.4 a
48.7
52.1
82.5 a
47.5
48.5
45.6
42.0
47.0a
87.5 a
1230
TABLE 3
Correlation between mature weight of the dam and birth weight of the calf
Breed
Reference
INc. of Correlation
pairs coefficient
Ayrshire
Ayrshire X Sindhi
Dairy cows
MiikelK (68)
Anantakrishnan (6)
McCandlish (71)
382
364
369
0.]3
0.41
-~
Danish Red
Danish Red
Gir
Hereford
Hereford
Holstein
Shorthorn beef
Shorthorn, beef and dairy
Shorthorn, dairy
Red Sindhi
Andersen (7)
Anderson (7)
Anantakrishnan (6)
Gregory (40)
Gregory (40)
Foote (37)
Dawson (26)
Knapp (55)
Braude (14)
Anantakri.qhnan (6)
319
296
394
281
74
536
402
298
230
1.048
0.10
0.24
0.25
0.21
0.32
~0.49
0.22
-~
0.34
Remarks
1231
TABLE 4
Correlation and regression coefficientsbetween gestation length in days and birth weight in pounds
Breed
Reference
Ayrshire
Ayrshire X Sindhi
Three beef breeds
Brown Alpine
Buffaloes
Dairy, 5 breeds
Dairy, 5 breeds
Danish Red
Danish Red
Danish Red
Egyptian cattle
Egyptian cattle
Egyptian buffaloes
Gir
Holstein
Holstein-Friesian
Holstein Galloway
Jersey
Meuse-Rhine-Yssel
Shorthorn
Shorthorn
Shorthorn, dairy
Shorthorn, grades
Sindhi, Red
a In the case of no
Regression of
Correlation birth weight on
No. of pairs coefficient gestation length
M~kel~ (68)
382
0.33
Anantakrishnan (5)
364
0.24
Burris (19)
502
Bonadonna (12)
3,428
0.30
Ragab (81)
410
0.22
Brakel (13)
321
0.25
De Fries (28)
1,006
0.40
Andersen (7)
319
0.36
Andersen ( 7 )
296
0.23
Nielsen (74)
982
0.42
Ragab (81)
855
0.32
Ahmed (3)
180
0.34
Ahmed (3)
151
0.28
Anantakrishnan (5)
393
0.27
Davis (25)
755
0.26
3,afar (47)
76
0.52
White (108)
106
0.18
Rollins (87)
1,352
3,ordo (50)
179
0.22
Dawson (26)
165
0.30
Dawson (26)
142
0.32
Braude (14)
230
Ragab (81)
163
0.35
Anantakrishnan (5) 1,048
0.15
remarks, the sources are for both sexes.
Remarks a
Within cows
0.35
0.96
0.93
0.90
0.82
0.66
0.36
Males
Females
0.91
1232
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
(63)
1233
me~
no Brasil. I. Perlodo de g e s t a ~ o ,
pSso ao nascer dos bezerros, p6so das vacas
ap6s a pari~$o e crescimento ponderal dos
bezerros. Bol. ind. animal, N.S., 9: 38. ABA
18 : 949.
JORDAO, L. P., AND DE PAULA ASSIS, F.
1951. Efici6ncia reproductiva, p~so ao nascer
e crescimento ponderal, em bovinos da rata
Holandesa malhada de vermelho. ( E n g l i s h
summary.) Bol. ind. animal, N.S., 12: 45.
ABA 20 : 1586.
JORDXO,L. P., AND VEIGA, 5. S. 1938. Estudo
sobre a d u r a ~ o do perlodo de g e s t a ~ o no
gado car]eft. Rev. ind. animal, N.S., 1 ( 4 ) :
3. ABA 7: p. 120.
JOUI~ERT, D. M. 1957. On Reproduction and
Growth in the South Devon Breed. S. Devon
Herd Book Soc., 11: 22. ABA 26: 185.
JOUBERT, D. M. 1959. On the Birth Weight
o f Friesland Calves. S. African J. Sci, 55:
192. ABA 28: 1190.
JOUBERT, D. M:, AND BONS~A, J. C. 1959.
Gestation of Cattle in the Sub-Tropics, with
Special Reference to the Birth Weight of
Calves. S. African J. Agr. Sci., 2: 215. ABA
28 : 628.
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1234
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