For questions 1 20, circle one answer only.

If making an error, write your

final answer clearly in the margin. Ambiguous responses will be considered
incorrect.
1. The mean age of five people in a room is 30 years. One of the people
whose age is 50, leaves the room. The mean age of the remaining people
is 25 years.
T
F
2. For a Normal distribution, the upper and lower quartiles are respectively one standard deviation above and below the mean.
T

3. A correlation coefficient based on a scatter plot measures the proportion

of data lying on the regression line.
T

4. A phonein poll at a radio station concluded that 70% of Canadians

approve of Stephen Harper, based on the responses of 8,000 callers.
The conclusion is valid since the sample size is large.
T

5. The weights of a type of tomato are believed to have standard deviation

of 28g. If two such tomatoes are weighed together, their combined
weight would have standard deviation 56g.
T

6. A random sample of 100 students are asked if they are vegetarians.

Five percent respond yes, and a 99% confidence interval for the true
proportion of students who are vegetarians is constructed found to be
(0.03, 0.07). This implies 99% of all random samples of 100 students
will have a sample proportion that falls between 0.03 and 0.07.
T
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7. Confidence intervals are constructed for both parameters and statistics.

T

8. You carry out a hypothesis test that compares the means of two populations. Suppose a p-value of 0.12 is obtained. This implies that there
is a 12% chance that the two population means are equal.
T

9. In linear regression, at a fixed value of the explanatory variable, a 95%

prediction interval for an observation of the response variable is always
wider than a 95% confidence interval for the mean response.
T

10. One-way ANOVA provides evidence against the null hypothesis that
the population means are all equal when the between-group variation
is large compared to the within-group variation.
T

11. If the observations in a data set are all equal, then

(a) the variance of the data set equals to 0.
(b) the mean of the data set equals to 0.
(c) the IQR of the data set equals to 0.
(d) both (a) and (c).
(e) both (b) and (c).
12. The slope of a regression line and the correlation are similar in the
sense that
(a) they both have the same sign.
(b) they do not depend on the units of measurement of the data.
(c) they both fall between 1 and 1 inclusive.
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(d) neither of them can be affected by outliers.

(e) both can be used for prediction.
13. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the correlation
between two quantitative variables X and Y ?
(a) A correlation of 0.8 indicates a stronger linear association between
X and Y than a correlation of 0.5.
(b) A correlation of 0 implies X and Y are not related at all.
(c) A correlation of 1 indicates that Y = X.

(d) Both (b) and (c).

(e) Both (a) and (b).

14. A certified fitness coach wanted to test the effectiveness of a new fitness program in reducing weight among obese patients. Fifty female
patients and fifty male patients participated in the experiment. Within
each gender group, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the
two fitness programs the new and the existing fitness programs. Upon
completion of the program, reduction in weight was measured for each
patient. Which of the following statements is incorrect about this experiment?
(a) There are four treatments in the study.
(b) Gender is a blocking variable.
(c) The patients were not guaranteed to lose weight due to the experiment.
(d) Reduction in weight is the response variable.
(e) Type of fitness program is the factor.
15. There are two events A and B. It is given that P (A) = 0.7 and P (B) =
0.6. Consider the following statements:
(i) A is the complement of B.
(ii) The two events are not disjoint.
(iii) A is a more probable event than B.
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(iv) The probability that the two events both occur must be equal to
0.42.
Which of the above statements is correct about the two events?
(a) (iii) only.
(b) (iv) only.
(c) (ii) and (iii) only.
(d) (ii) and (iv) only.
(e) (i), (iii) and (iv) only.
16. In testing a twosided significance test for a mean, the test statistic
was 2.12 which is expected to be a value from the standard Normal
distribution under the null hypothesis. The pvalue of the statistic is
(a) 0.017
(b) 0.034
(c) 0.048
(d) 0.983
(e) 0.050
17. A sample of size 25 is used to conduct a test of the null hypothesis
H0 : = 30 against the alternative Ha : > 30. Using a t test, the
degrees of freedom would be
(a) 30
(b) 31
(c) 23
(d) 24
(e) 25
18. A regression line is fitted to a scatter plot consisting of 42 points. The
fit is quite good, but it is desirable to test whether the underlying slope
parameter is zero. The F test statistic for this test was found to be
5.55. Which of the following is the pvalue for this statistic?
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(a) 0.0010
(b) 0.0234
(c) 0.0468
(d) 0.976
(e) 0.999
19. If examining the plot of the residuals against the explanatory variable
x for a linear model, when the model fits well one would expect
(a) the residuals to lie on a line of positive slope.
(b) the residuals to lie on a line of negative slope.
(c) the residuals to scatter about a line of positive slope.
(d) there to be no variation in the residuals.
(e) there to be no obvious pattern in the residuals.
20. In performing the usual hypothesis test in the analysis of variance using
the meansquare ratio, the alternative hypothesis is that
(a) at least two of the underlying group means are different.
(b) all the underlying group means are different.
(c) all the withingroup variances are equal.
(d) at least two withingroup variances are different.
(e) all the withingroup variances are different.
21. In a large city, 37% of all restaurants accept both master and visa credit
cards, and 20% accept only master cards but not visa cards. A tourist
visiting the city randomly picks a restaurant to have lunch at. Define
the following events:
M = {the randomly chosen restaurant accepts master credit cards} ,
V = {the randomly chosen restaurant accepts visa credit cards} .
(a) Choose the appropriate responses to the following statements.

M and V are disjoint events.

(i)

True

(ii)

False

(iii)

Insufficient information to tell.

(1 mark)
M and V are independent events.
(i)

True

(ii)

False

(iii)

Insufficient information to tell.

(1 mark)
M is the complement event of V.
(i)

True

(ii)

False

(iii)

Insufficient information to tell.

(1 mark)
(b) What does the probability 20% represent?
(i)

P (M and V c )

(ii)

P (M c and V )

(iii)

P (M or V c )

(iv)

P (M c or V )

(2 marks)
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Shade the corresponding region in the following Venn Diagram.

(1 mark)
(c) The probability that a randomly chosen restaurant accepts master
credit cards is (hint: use the Venn diagram)
(i)

17%

(ii)

40%

(iii)

57%

(iv)

76%

(2 marks)
(d) Now suppose 2 restaurants are randomly chosen. What is the
probability that at least one of the two restaurants accept both
master and visa credit cards?
Now assuming the two restaurants are independent,
P (at least 1 accepting both cards) = 1 P (neither accept both)
= 1 (1 0.37)2
= 0.6031.
(3 marks)
22. A type of thread is being studied for its tensile strength. Fifty pieces
were tested under similar conditions, the mean tensile strength being
78.30kg and the standard deviation being 5.60kg.
(a) Give an approximate 95% confidence interval for the mean tensile
strength of the thread.
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Here, by the CLT, we know approximately

5.6
x N ,
.
50
So an approximate 95% confidence interval for the mean strength
would be
5.6
78.30 1.96 .
50
That is, (79.85, 76.75) (kg). (4 marks. Using t50 (0.975) = 2.009
in place of 1.96 also acceptable, noting t49 not covered by tables.
2 if s.d. of mean incorrect)
(b) Assuming a Normal distribution for the strength of the thread,
estimate the tensile strength that would be exceeded by 95% of
such threads.
If X is the tensile strength of the thread, then we know approximately
that
X N (78.30, 5.6) .
So
P (X > 78.3 1.64 5.6) 0.95,
hence the required value is 78.31.645.6 = 69. 116kg. (4 marks.
Again, 2 if s.d. wrong.)
23. Eight marksmen, labeled A, B,. . . ,H, shot at targets with two types of
rifle. Their scores were as in the table below:
Marksman
A B C D E F G H
Rifle Type 1 93 99 90 87 85 94 88 91
Rifle Type 2 89 93 86 92 78 90 91 87

Test the hypothesis that the rifles are equal quality. State carefully the
null and alternative hypotheses, any distributional assumptions
you make and your final conclusions.

We have matched pairs here (1 mark), and have differences di given

below:
A B C D E F G H
Rifle Type 1 93 99 90 87 85 94 88 91
Rifle Type 2 89 93 86 92 78 90 91 87
di
4 6 4 5 7 4 3 4
We assume these differences are (approximately) Normal (1 mark),
and find
d = 2.625,
sd = 4.27
( 2 marks). We test H0 : d = 0 against Ha : d = 0, (1 mark)
and under H0 the test statistic
2.625
d
= 1. 739
=
sd / n
4.27/ 8
should be consistent with the t7 distribution (2 marks). Now t7 (0.975) =
2.365, and so the test statistic does not fall in the 5% critical region. Hence there is no evidence to reject the null hypothesis that
the two rifles differ. (1 mark) (If using twosample t-test, ignoring
paired nature of data, 4 marks if done correctly.)
24. A study was conducted to determine whether an expectant mothers
cigarette smoking has any effect on the bone mineral content of her otherwise healthy child. A sample of 77 newborns whose mothers smoked
during pregnancy has a mean bone mineral content of 0.092 g/cm and
a standard deviation of 0.026 g/cm; a sample of 72 infants whose mothers did not smoke has a mean of 0.105 g/cm and a standard deviation
of 0.025 g/cm.
(a) Do the data suggest that the population mean bone mineral content of newborns differ between mothers who smoked and those
who did not smoke during pregnancy? Use a significance level of
= 0.05. Define clearly the parameter(s) and variable(s) that
relate to your test.

Let X be the bone mineral content of a newborn whose mother smoked,

Y the corresponding variable for a baby whose mother did not
smoke. Let X and Y be the respective means, X and Y their
respective standard deviations. We test
H0 : X = Y
against
Ha : X = Y .
Two answers are acceptable:
(i) Assuming X = Y , the test statistic is
t=

sp

x y

1
n1

1
n2

where s2p is the pooled estimate of the common variance. Here

t= 

0.092 0.105

290.0262 +710.0252
29+71

1
30

1
72

 =

0.013
= 2.365.
0.0055

Under H0 this should be from the t100 distribution. For a 5%

significance test, we note t100 (0.975) = 1.984, and since 2.36 <
1.984, it lies in the critical region (i.e., p-value < 0.05) and we
reject H0 and conclude there is a difference between the underlying
means.
(ii) Without assuming X = Y , the test statistic is
t= 

x y

s2X
n1

s2Y
n2

= 2.33.

Under H0 this should be from the t29 distribution, since min (30 1, 72 1) =
29. For a 5% significance test, we note t29 (0.975) = 2.045, and
since 2.33 < 2.045, it lies in the critical region (i.e., p-value <
0.05) and we reject H0 and conclude there is a difference between
the underlying means. (6 marks)
(b) Based on the results obtained from part (a), you can confidently
say that (circle all that apply):
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(i) smoking causes a decrease in the bone mineral content in the

newborns.
(ii) smoking is associated with the bone mineral content
in the newborns.
(iii) smoking has no effect on the bone mineral content in the
newborns.
(iv) smoking is independent of the bone mineral content in the
newborns.
(2 marks)
(c) Would you expect a 95% confidence interval for the true difference
in the population means to contain the value 0? (Circle one)
Yes

No

Briefly justify your answer.

The twosided test above is at the 5% significance level and rejects the
hypothesis that X Y = 0. (2 marks, 1 for justification.)
25. How well does the size of a house determine the annual tax house owners are paying? Nineteen houses are randomly selected from a city. The
house size (measured in square feet of living space) and the amount of
annual tax (in dollars) are recorded for each of the 19 houses. Here are
the summary statistics for the two variables:
house size : mean = 1456 sqft, standard deviation = 374 sqft
annual tax : mean = $1707, standard deviation = $323
The linear regression line that predicts the amount of annual tax from
the house size has a slope of $0.81 per square foot.
(a) Below is a partial ANOVA table for the regression line. Complete
the table.
Source Sum of Squares
Model
1610825

df.
1

Mean Square
1610825

Error

262428

17

15436.94

Total

1873253
11

F
104.35

(3 marks,

1
2

for each figure correct.)

(b) Is there a significant linear relationship between the size of a house

and the amount of annual tax charged? Carry out an appropriate
test using the 1% significance level.
We test H0 : 1 = 0 against Ha : 1 = 0, where 1 is the assumed slope of the line. Using the Ftest, the critical value is
F1,17 (0.99) = 8.40, and the test statistic 104.35 is greater than
this (has p-value < 0.01). So we reject H0 and can assume a significant linear relationship.
(4 marks)
(c) Find the value of r2 , where r is the correlation between the size
of a house and the amount of annual tax charged. Interpret this
value in the context of this question.
Here
r2 =

SSM
= 0.86,
SST

(or since
0.81 370
b1 sX
= 0.9279)
=
sY
373
meaning that 86% of the variation in the annual tax values is
explained by the house size (i.e., by the regression model). (2
marks)
r=

(d) The 95% confidence interval for the population slope is found to
be (0.64, 0.98) dollars per square foot. Using this information,
find the standard error of the slope of the regression line.
The confidence interval has width that is twice
0.98 0.81 = 0.17.
That is,
tn2 SE (b1 ) = 0.17.

Here n 2 = 17 and at 95% confidence level t17 = 2.11. So

SE (b1 ) =
(3 12 marks)
12

0.17
= 0.081.
2.11

(e) Give a point estimate for the mean annual tax paid by owners
owning a 1500-square feet house.
If Y is the mean tax value, then

(2 12 marks,

1
2

=
=
=
=

b0 + b1 x
(
y b1 x) + 1500b1
1707 0.81 1456 + 0.81 1500
$1742. 60

being for units)

26. A study investigated whether month of birth impacts on the time a

baby learns to crawl. Parents with children born in January, May or
October were asked the age, in weeks, at which their child could crawl
one metre within a minute. The data are summarised below:

Birth month

Crawling age
Mean st. dev. size
January 29.84
7.08
34
May
28.58
8.06
29
October 33.83
6.93
40

The data from each birth month are assumed to follow a Normal distribution. The analysis is via ANOVA, with an incomplete ANOVA
table given below:
Source
Sum of squares df. MS F
Between groups
505.26
Error
53.45
Total
(a) Circle which, if any, of the following statements you consider to be
correct:
(i) It is inappropriate to use ANOVA here since there is evidence
that the Normal distributions underlying each sample have
different variances.
(ii) It is inappropriate to use ANOVA here since the sample sizes
are unequal.
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(iii) It would be inappropriate to calculate correlations

for these data.
(iv) This is a randomised block design experiment.
(2 marks, but 1 mark for (iii) and any other response.)
(b) State clearly the null hypothesis for the AVOVA test.
H0 : The mean time to crawling is the same for each birth month. (2
marks)
(c) Compute the test statistic for the test in (b).
The complete table is
Source
Sum of squares df
MS
F
Between groups
505.26
2 252.63
Error
5345.00
100 53.45 4.73
Total
5850.26
So the test statistic is 4.73. (3 marks)
(d) Test the hypothesis at the 5% significance level, providing a range
for the p-value of the test.
We compare 4.73 with the F 2,100 distribution. Now F2,100 (0.95) =
3.09, so we would reject the null hypothesis at the 5% level. The
p value satisfies 0.01 < p < 0.025. (4 marks, 1 if p < 0.05 given)
27. In a certain city, 25% of residents are European. Suppose 120 people
are called for jury duty, and only 24 of them are European. Does this
indicate that Europeans are under-represented in the jury selection system? Carry out an appropriate hypothesis test at the 10% significance
level. Remember to define the parameter(s) that relates to your test.
Let p be the proportion called for jury service that are Europeans. We
test
H0 : p = 0.25
against
Ha : p < 0.25.
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With n = 120, and

np = 120 0.25 = 30 > 10
(similarly nq = 90, so mean not too small or large, i.e. p not too
close to 0 or 1) then approximately

p N 0.25,

under H0 . The test statistic is

24
120
z= 

0.25

0.250.75
120

0.25 0.75
120

= 1. 265.

The p-value is P (Z < 1.26) = 0.1038 > 0.10 = (equivalently,

the critical region comprises values below 1.282, and test statistic
value is not in this region). So we do not reject H0 and conclude
there is no evidence to suggest the underrepresentation of Europeans in the jury selection system. (7 marks)

15