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Wide head
Absent intellect (mentally retarded)
Rocker-bottom feet
Diseased heart
Small lower jaw
Shows anticipation
Male (male more affected)
Mental retardation (2nd most common genetic cause)
Macrognathia
Macroorchidism
Occupational exposure
Infection
Drugs
Idiopathic
Nasopharyngeal malignant cancers
NASOPharyngeal:
Nasophayngeal
Adenocarcinoma
S quamous cell carcinoma
Olfactory neuroblastoma
Plasmacytoma
TB: features
TB is characterised by 4 C's:
Caseation
Calcification
Cavitation
Cicatrization
Scrotum masses
SHOVE IT:
Spermatocele
Hydrocele/ Haematocele
Orchitis
Varicocele
Epidymal cyst
Indirect inguinal hernia
Torsion/ Tumor
Measles: complications
"MEASLES COMP" (complications):
Myocarditis
Encephalitis
Appendicitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Laryngitis
Early death
Sh!ts (diarrhoea)
Corneal ulcer
Otis media
Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Pneumonia and related (bronchiolitis-bronchitis-croup)
CF PANCREAS:
Cough (increase in intensity and frequent spells)
Fever (usually low grade, unless severe bronchopneumonia is present)
Pulmonary function deterioration
Appetite decrease
Nutrition, weight loss
CBC (leukocytosis with left shift)
Radiograph (increase overaeration, peribronchial thickening, mucus plugging)
Exam (rales or wheezing in previously clear areas, tachypnea, retractions)
Activity (decreased, impaired exercise intolerance, increased absenteeism)
Sputum (becomes darker, thicker, and more abundant, forming plugs)
Warfarin: metabolism
SLOW:
Has a slow onset of action.
A quicK Vitamin K antagonist, though.
Small lipid-soluble molecule
Liver: site of action
Oral route of administration.
Warfarin
Gynaecomastia-causing drugs
DISCOS :
Digoxin
Isoniazid
Spironolactone
Cimetidine
Oestrogens
Stilboestrol
K+ increasing agents
K-BANK:
K-sparing diuretic
Beta blocker
ACEI
NSAID
K supplement
Union (coupling)
CHF
Hypertension
Insipidous
Calcium calculi
SIADH-inducing drugs
ABCD:
Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
Barbiturates
Cyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
Diuretic (thiazide)
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Skin rash
S olubility low (causes crystalluria)
S erum albumin displaced (causes newborn kernicterus and potentiation of other serum albumin-binders
like warfarin)
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise (tinnitus)
Benzodiazapines: ones not metabolized by the liver (safe to use in liver failure)
LOT:
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam
Delerium-causing drugs
ACUTE CHANGE IN MS:
Antibiotics (biaxin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin)
Cardiac drugs (digoxin, lidocaine)
Urinary incontinence drugs (anticholinergics)
Theophylline
Ethanol
Corticosteroids
H2 blockers
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Narcotics (esp. mepridine)
Geriatric psychiatric drugs
ENT drugs
Insomnia drugs
NSAIDs (eg indomethacin, naproxin)
Muscle relaxants
S eizure medicines
Ipratropium: action
Atropine is buried in the middle: iprAtropium, so it behaves like Atropine
Morphine: effects
MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Histamine release/ Hormonal alterations
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
S edation
Parkinsonism: drugs
SALAD:
S elegiline
Anticholinenergics (trihexyphenidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine)
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa, benserazide)
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide)
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
Busulfan: features
ABCDEF:
Alkylating agent
Bone marrow suppression s/e
CML indication
Dark skin (hyperpigmentation) s/e
Endrocrine insufficiency (adrenal) s/e
"eTOPoside":
Action:
Inhibits TOPoisomerase II
Indications:
Testicular carcinoma
Oat cell carcinoma of lung
Prostate carcinoma
Side effect:
Affects TOP of your head, causing alopecia
Procainamide
Arsenium
Cisapride
Haloperidol
Eritromycin
Sweating
Musle wasting & weight loss
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
Melanoma sites
"Mel SEA" (Pronounced "Mel C" from the Spice Girls)
Melanoma sites, in order of frequency:
Skin
Eyes
Anus
Dialysis: indications
AEIOU:
Acid-base problems (severe acidosis or alkalosis)
Electrolyte problems (hyperkalemia)
Intoxications
Overload, fluid
Uremic symptoms
SHAPE:
S clerderma
HIV nephropathy
Amyloidosis
Polycystic kidney disease
Endocrinophathy (diabetes