RESEARCH DESIGN

COMPARISON OF HIV/AIDS DISEASE IN

VARIOUS COUNTRY

By :
Nurma Fauziana
13304241003
Biology Education Class A
Semester II

FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL

SCIENCE
YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

2014
A. THEORITICAL BASED
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of
symptoms caused by HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) which will be
contagious and deadly. This virus damages the immune system of the human
body, with the result that the relevant loss of body resistance, so it can easily
become infected and die from infectious diseases and other cancers.
Until now there has been found a preventive vaccine or drug to cure. The
period between infection and the appearance of disease symptoms in adults
consuming an average of 5-7 years.
During this period, although still looks healthy, conscious or not people
living with HIV can transmit the virus to others.
Transmission of HIV / AIDS
Because AIDS is not a disease, AIDS is not contagious infectious HIV is the
virus that causes AIDS immune achieve future. The virus is present in a
solution of liquid blood and semen vagina , and can also be transmitted
through blood contact or the liquid. In other body fluids HIV is very low
concentrations that can not be a media or transmission channel.
There are no symptoms if a person already infected with HIV, in other
words people who are HIV diagnosis can not be recognized by certain
symptoms, in addition to HIV-infected people may not feel the pain. Months
or years of a person who is already infected can survive without showing
clinical symptoms typical but a new look at the AIDS stage.
There are four modes of HIV transmission. First, through sexual contact
with a person with HIV without protection or use contraception
(condoms). The second way, HIV can be transmitted through transfusion with
blood contaminated with HIV. The third way, a mother with HIV can also pass
it on to the baby, it does not mean HIV / AIDS is a hereditary disease,
because the disease is in the derivative of human genes whereas HIV is
transmitted when maternal blood or vaginal fluids make contact with fluid or
blood son. And the fourth way is through the use akufuntur needles, piercing
needles and other equipment that have been used by people with HIV.
The possibility of HIV transmission through four methods above are not
the same, it can be seen in the table below :

Transmission through
HIV-infected blood transfusion
HIV from mother to child at birth +

The possibility
of infection per
contact (%)
89.5
15-30

Needle

0.67

Hypodermic needle

0.29

Needle puncture

0.5 to 10

Syringes at drug addicts

0.06 to 5.10

Sexual intercourse

0.05 to 0.23

Boys to men

0.03 to 5.60

Male to female

Could not be
ascertained

Female to male
Anal sex *
Oral sex *

Idem
Idem
Idem

Penis into the mouth *

Mouth to vagina *
Source: TIME (23/6-1997) and AIDS and Men : Taking the Risk of Taking
Responsibility ( Panos , London , 1999) and other sources. Processing of data
by the authors.
The above data indicate the greatest likelihood of transmission when a
person gets a transfusion with blood that is infected with HIV will become
infected 89.5%, between 15-30% positive pregnant women will pass the
virus to her unborn child. The possibility of transmission can be reduced to
8% with the handling and use of physician specialty drugs while pregnant
( Pearl , 873.15-21 1997), and more likely than not contracted to 10%
perkontak, drug addicts are on the injections.

There is one more condition that is conducive to the spread of HIV / AIDS
when a person has been exposed to a venereal disease , venereal disease
which is commonly known as syphilis, gonorrhea / GO, herpes and
chlanydia. Above disease can make a vulnerable to HIV infection due to her
pre-existing disease can cause reproductive tract infections, HIV can enter
easily through the already sick.
The above data indicate the greatest likelihood of transmission when a
person gets a transfusion with blood that is infected with HIV will become
infected 89.5%, between 15-30% positive pregnant women will pass the
virus to her unborn child. The possibility of transmission can be reduced to
8% with the handling and use of physician specialty drugs while pregnant
and more likely than not contracted to 10% per contact, drug addicts are on
the injections.
Development of HIV/AIDS in the world
After the first case of HIV / AIDS was discovered in 1981, today has a
pandemic, attacking millions of people in every country in the world and
attacking men, women and children. WHO estimates that about 10-12 million
adults and children in the world have been infected, and every day 5,000
people are infected by the HIV virus.According to estimates, in 2000 is now
about 10 million people will be living with AIDS, 8 million of them will die.At
that time the rate of infection in women will be much faster than in
men. From around 90% of HIV infections will occur in developing countries
terutema in Asia , the countries most severely affected
are: Thailandestimated that between 500 thousand and 800 thousand
inhabitants have been infected, India has reached an average of between 2-5
million, in Bombay had 50% of sex workers and 22.5% of pregnant women
already infected with the HIV virus. While the developed countries have
managed to reduce the rate of HIV infection in the country. For more details
see table dapatb estimated HIV / AIDS epidemic in the world (June 1998).

Region

Number

North America

860,000

Caribbean

310,000

Latin America

1,300,000

Western Europe

480,000

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

190,000

North Africa and the Middle East

210,000

Saharan Africa
South Asia and South East Asia
East Asia and the Pacific

21,000,000
5,800,000
420,000

Australia and New Zealand

Total

12,000

30.582 million

Source: Report on the Global HIV / AIDS Epidemic, June 1998, UNAIDS /
WHO.

B. HYPOTHESIS
The average age of people living with HIV disease will
C. POPULATION AND SAMPEL
In this research, will be used the average age of people living with HIV
disease and the country where they live. There is 4 part of the column in the
table : First column, the content of the average age of people living with HIV
disease. Second column, the content of amount of people living with HIV
disease. Third column, the content of the country where they live, and the
fourth the gender the people who has HIV disease.

Example : There are average age people who living with HIV disease is 20
years old, the country where they live is America, the amount of people
living with HIV disease is 12 people in that country, and the gender of people
who has HIV disease.
D. EXPERIMENT DESIGN
Randomized Control ---- Group Posttest Only Design
E. TABLE OF DATA
No
.

The average age of

people living with HIV
disease

The amount
of people
living with
HIV disease

Country

Male/Femal
e

1.
2.
3.
4.
.
.
10.
Note : fill the column with average age each people living with HIV
disease, the amount of people living with HIV disease, the country where
they live, and what gender they have.