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J Nat Prod. 1992 Jul55(7):999-1003.Appendix A Common and Botanical Plant Names Botanical Name First Abies balsamea Balsam fir, daho Cymbopogon flesuosus Lemongrass Abies concolor Fir, white Cymbopogon martinii Palmarosa Achillea millefolium Yarrow Gymbopogon nardu Citronella Anethwm graveolens Dill Daucus carota Carrot seed Angelica archangelica Angelica ——Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom Aniba rosacodora Rosewood Eucalyptus bicastata Eucalyptus blue Apium graveolens Celery seed Eucalyptus citviodora Eucalyptus citriodora Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus dives Artemisia pallens Davana Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus globulus Artemisia vulgaris Mugwore Eucalyptus polybractea Eucalyptus polybractea Boswellia carter Frankincense Eucalyptus radiata Eucalyptus radiata Boswellia sacra Sacred Frankincense Ferula gummosa Galbanum Bursera graveolen Palo santo Feeniculum vulgare... Fennel Callitris tntratrapica Cypress, blue Gatultheria procumbens Wintergreen Cananga odorata Ylang ylang Helichrysum italcum Helichrysum Canarium luzonicum Elemi ——_Hypris suaveolens Dorado azul Cedrus atlantica Cedarwood Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop Cinnamomum camphora Ravintsara Juniperus osteesperma Juniper Ginnamomum cassia Cassia Juniperus scopulorum Juniper Ginnamamum verum Cinnamon bark Laurus nobilis Laurus nobilis (bay laurel) Cistusladanifer Ciseus Lavandula angustifolia Lavender Citrus aurantifolia Lime Lavandula x hybrida Lavandin inrus berg Bergamot edu groenlandicum Ledum Citrus hystrixicombava——_Leptospermum scoparium Manuka Gitrus limon Lemon Matricaria rcutita Chamomile, German Gitrus paradis. Grapefruis Melaleuca alternifolia Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) Giorus reticulata Mandarin Melaleuca ericifolia Melaleuca ericifolia Citrus reticulata Tangerine Melaleuca leucadendron Melaleuca cajeput Gitrus sinensis Neroli absolute Melaleuea quinguenervia Melaleuca quinquenervia Citrus sinensi Orange ‘niaouli) Citrus sinensis Petitgrain Melisa officinalis Melissa Commiphora myrrha Myrth Mentha piperita Peppermint Conyza canadensis Fleabane, Canadian Mentha spicata Spearmint Copaifera reticulatallangsdorf Copaiba/Copal ——-Myristca fragrans Nucmeg Coriandrum sativum Coriander Myrtus communi Myrtle Guminum cyminum Cumin Nardostachys jatamansi Spikenard Cupressus sempervirens Cypress Nymphaea lonus White locus copy f in | Essential Oils Desk ReEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition Ocimum basilicum Salvia officinalis .....6cecccvseeees Ocotea quixos Salvia sclarea.....- Clary sage Origamuam compactum. Santalum album Sandalwood Origanumn majorana . Satureja montana .. Mountain savory Pelargonium graveolens Solidago canadensis Goldenrod Picea mariana... Syzygium aromaticum senses Clove Pimpinella anisum .... Tanacetum annus... ++ ~ Tansy, blue Pinus sylostris. F Tanaceowm vulgare. 3 “Tansy, Idaho Piper nigrum... Pepper, black Thuja plicata. = Cedar, Western red Pogostemon cablin Patchouli Thymus eula 2 Pseudotsuga menziesii. Fir, Douglas Tiga canadensis. Rosa damascena. . sees Rose Valeriana officinalis Rosmarinus offcinais CT cineole Rosemary _Vetiveria zizanioides Salvia lavandulifolia Sage, Spanish Zingiber officinale ‘Common Name First « Angelica archangelica ‘Eucalyptus globulus. .. +» Eucalyptus globulus Pimpinella anisum —_Eucalypeus polybractea Eucalyptus polybractea Abies balsamea —__Exacalyptus radiata Eucalyptus radiata Ocimum basilicwm Fennel... «Foeniculum wulgare Gitrus bergamia Fit, Douglas « Preudetsuga menziesii = Elettaria cardamomum Fit, white. ..- «Abies concolor «Daucus carota’ Fleabane, Canadian. Conyza canadensis a Ginnamomum casia Frankincense... ~ Boswellia carteri Cedar, Western red « = Thuja plicaia Frankincense, sacred «= Boswellia sacra Cedarwood + Cedrus atlantica ——Galbanum... : «- Ferula gummosa Celery seed .. «= Apium graveolens Geranium . « « Pelargonium graveolens Chamomile, German 5.2... Matriaria recutita Zingiber officinale Chamomile, Roman = Chamaemelum nobile Solidago canadensis Cinnamon bark. . = Cinnamomum verum = Citrus paradisi Cistus « Cistus ladanifer Helichrysum italicum Citronella . Cymbopogon nardus «« Hyssopus officinalis cirrus hystrix/combava Ciorus hystrix: Jasminum officinale Clary sage . Salvia sclarea «Juniperus osteosperma Clove. Syeygium aromaticum Juniperus scopulorum CopaibalCopal ....... Cope reticulatallangsdorfii Laurus nobilis (bay laurel). . Laurus nobilis Coriander es Coriandrum sativum Lavandin ‘Lavandula x bybrida Cumin, 3 +++ Guminum cyminum Lavender Lavandula angustifolia Cypress. eee «= Cupressus sempervirens -Ledum groenlandicum Cypress, blue . «++» Callitrisintratropica s+ Gtras limon Davana « Artemesia pallens * Gmbeopogon flesuosus Dilles sx inethum graveolens Gitrus aurantifolia Dorado azul Hyptis suaveolens ~ Citrus reticulata Elemi..... = Canarium luzonicum - “Leptspermum sceparium Eucalyptus blue. ... Eucalyptus bicosata —— Marjoram . - Origanum majorana Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus citriedont Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) Melaleuca alternifolia Eucalyptus dives ... Eucalyptus dives Melaleuca cajeput ...... ‘Melaleuca lewcadendron 32 | Appendix A | Common and Botanical Plant Names © copyrignt 2011 | v5.0Common and Botanical Plant Names | Appendix A Melaleuca ericifli Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli) Melaleuca quinguenervia Melissa .....esceeeeeee « Melissa officinalis Mountain savory. . «= Saturgja montana Mugwort....cscceccceeees++Artemisia vulgaris Mjtthisncess sors = «Commiphora myrrba Myre 4 cece reece Myrtus communis, Neroli absolute «Citrus sinensis Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Ocotea . + Ocotea quixos Orange « «= « Gtrus sinensis Oregano ..... -Origanwn compactum Palmarosa .... cece ee« Cymbopogon martinit Bursera graveolens Pegostemon cablin = Piper nigrum Mentha piperita «Citrus sinensis «Pinus sleestris Cinnamomum comphora Palo santo. Rosa damascena ‘Rosmarinus ofcinals CT cincole " Aniba rosacodora Salvia officinalis Salvia lavandulifoia ++ Santalum album . - Mentha spicata * Nardostachysjatamansi : Picea mariana = Citrus reticulata 7 Tamacetum annuum “Tangy, Idaho . « Tanacetum mulgare Tarragon... Artemisia dracunculus “Thyme. Farm Thymus vulgaris Tuga. . «Tuga canadensis Valerian. «+ -Valeriana officinalis Vetiver... « Vetiveria cizanioides White lorus.. Nymphaca lotus Wintergreen . Gaultheria procumbens Yarrow... + Achillea millefolium Ylang ylang... +++. Cananga odorata v5.0 | © Copyright 2011 Fottn Edtion | Essential Olle Desk Reference | 6.13,Appendix B Glossary of Medical Terminology Baldness, loss of hair alopeé allopathic: Refers to conventional, contemporary medical approaches using prescription drugs to provide symprom relief in the treatment of illness amenorthea: Absence of menstruation anesthetic: Loss of feeling or sensation; substance tha causes such a loss analgesic: Remedy ot agent that deadens ot relieves pain anthelmintic: Substance unfriendly to worms and parasites; a vermifuge; destroys, expels incestinal antibiotic: Prevents the growth of, or destroys bacteria anticatarrhal: Agent chat helps remove excess catarth (excess mucous secreted by inflamed mucous membranes) from the body antiemetic: Agent that reduces the incidence and severity of nau antihistamine: Counteracts the effects of histamine (which produces capillary dilation and, in larger doses, hemoconcentration) anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation antilithie: Prevents the formation of a calculus or antimicrobial: Agent that resists or destroys pathogenic micro-organisms antineuralgic: Relieves or reduces nerve pain antioxidant: Natural or synthetic substance that helps nhibie destructive oxygen- and free radical-induced deterioration (oxidation) of substances and tissues in the body antipyretic: Reduces fever; see febrifuge antisclerotic: Prevents the hardening of tissue antiseptic: Destroys and prevents the development of antispasmodic: Prevents and eases spasms or convulsions antitoxic: Antidote or treatment that counteracts the effects of poisons and toxins antitussive: Relieves coughs antiviral: Inhibits the growth of virus astringent: Causes contraction of organic tissues carcinogen: Substance or agent that produces or cardiotonie: Having a stimulating effect on the heart zene that prevents the formation of gas (Aaculence) in the intestinal system, typically used to relieve pain due to colic or cramping catabolism: ‘The breaking down of tissue or material within the body. Digestion is a catabolic process cathartic: Purgative, capable of causing a violent or catharsis of the body purgi + Accumulation of toxic matter in the form of cellu fa in the tissu cicatrisant: Agent that promotes healing by forming cutaneous: Pertaining to the skin foxic to all cells diuretic: Aids production of urine, promotes urination, increases low hE Essential Oils Desk Reference | 6.15Essential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition edema: Painless swelling caused by beneath the skin's surface emetic: Induces vomiting emmenagogue: Induces or assists menstruation emollient: Softens and soothes skin enteritis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the intestine expectorant: Promotes the removal of mucous from. the respiratory system febrifuge: Combats fever fungicidal: Prevents and combats fungal infection ‘germicidal: Destroys germs or microorganisms such as bacteria halitosis: Offensive breath hemostatic: Arrests bleeding hepatic: Relating to the liver, cones and ai function hypertensive: Agent that raises blood pressure hypnotic: Causing sleep hypocholesterolemia: Lowering the cholesterol content of the blood hypotensive: Agent that lowers blood pressure laxative: Promotes evacuation of the bowels lipolytic: Causing lipolysis, the chemical disintegration or splitting of fats microbe: Minute living organism, especially pathogenic bacteria, viruses, et. mucolytic: Dissolving or breaking down mucous narcotic: Substance that induces sleep; intoxicating or poisonous in large doses seat: Term used for describing the application of ‘essential oil without dilution in a carrier oil nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys neuralgia: Stabbing pain along a nerve pathway olfaction: Sense of smell “ophthalmia: Inflammation of the eye, a term usually applied to conjunctivitis otitis: Inflammation of the ear pathogenic: Causing ot producing disease pruritis: itching psychosomatic: Manifestation of physical symptoms resulting from a mental stare restorative: Agent that helps strengthen and revive the body systems thinitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose rrubefacient: Reddening the skin, an agent chat reddens the skin by producing hyperemia soporific: Substance th spasmolytic: Antispasmodic styptic: Astringent agent that stops or reduces external bleeding thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) topical application: Refers to applying something, directly to the exterior surface of the skin; not internal ces sleep vasoconstrictor: Agent that causes narrowing of the blood vessels vasodilator: Agent that causes dilation of the blood vessels vermifuge: Expels intestinal worms ‘Appendix 8 | Glossary of Modical TerminologySingle Angelica Anise Basi nadian Red Cedar c c c c Carrot Seed c c c c c edar Leaf Zedarwood chamomile, German thamomile, Roman Cinnamon Bark Giseus, Citronella Clary Sage Clove Coriander. Cypress Cypress, Blue Davana Dill Blemi Eucalyptus (E. Citriodora) Eucalyptus (E. Dives) Eucalyptus (E. Globulus) Eucalyptus (E. Polybractea) Eucalyptus (E. Radiata) Fennel Fir Fir, Idaho Balsam, Fir, Douglas Fir, White Fleabane. Frankincense Appendix C Flash Points for Essential Oils Galbanum Geranium Ginger Goldenrod Grapefraie Hel Hyssop. Inula Jasmine Juniper Laurel Lavandin Laven Ledum Lemon Lemongrass Lime Mandarin, Marjoran Jeuca (M. ealternifoia) (vea tree) leuca (M. ericifolia) Melissa Mountain Savory Mugwort Myreh Myrele Niaouli (MQV) Nutmeg Orange Oregano. Palmarosa. Patchouli Black Pepper Peppermint Petitgrain Pine Ravintsara Rose RosemaryEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition Rosemary Verbanon . = 103°F Rosewood . -178°F Sage... 2 146°F Sage, Spanish... = 108°F Sandalwood... -.2200° Spearmint -149°F Spikenard. 193°F Spruce .. = 102°F ‘Tamanu. -.>200°F Tangerine ASF Tansy, Blue 137°F Tansy, Idaho . -168°F 2 148°F -162°F --103°F 112°F --2200°F = 191° -A72F .>200°F 7 2144 Acceptance. 66°F Aroma Life... = 142°F Aroma Siez.... = 157 ‘Australian Blue .......2. 02. -150°F Awaken oecceccecee 1 164F Believe. = 120°F Brain Power. .. = 152 Christmas Spitic = 125°F Citrus Fresh -125°F Clarity .. = 156°F Di-Gize ...... - 163°F Dragon Time. LATTE Dream Catcher -142°F EndoFlex. -149°F En-RGee . 120 Envision. ..... = 122°F Exodus I........ - 65°F Forgiveness ..... “172°F Gathering, Gentle Baby. Gratitude... Grounding, Harmony. Highest Pocential Hope Humility . ImmuPower. Inner Child Inspiriation .... Into The Future, Jers am ox Juva Cleanse Juva Flex . Longevity. M-Grain ....... Magnify Your Purpose . Melrose Mister Motivation, PanAway . Relieve It... a ‘Sacred Mountain... SARA. . Sensation . ‘Surrender. Thieves .. 3 Wise Men. ‘Trauma Life. Valor rf * White Angelia 20.0. eens 18 | Appendix & | Flash Points for Essential OleAppendix D Scientific Research on Essential Oils Scientific Research List 1, Inhibition of Methicillin-Resistant Staph aureus (MRSA) by Essential Oils 2. Effect of a Diffused Essential Oil Blend on Bacterial Bioaerosols 3. Screening for Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils on Selected Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses 4. Neuropharmacology of the Essential Oil of Bergamot 5. Effective Treatment of Experimental Acute Otitis Media by Application of Volatile Fluids Into the Ear Canal 6. Influence of Some Spice Essential Oils on Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Production of Aflatoxins in a Synthetic Medium Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Essential Oils Anti-inflammatory Effects of Myrtol Standardized and Other Essential Oils on Alveolar Macrophages from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 9. Reduction of Salmonella en fon grape tomatoes by washing with thyme oi thymol, and carvacrol as compared with chlorine 10. Gastroprotective activity of essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and its major component ceugenol in different animal models 1, Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial 12, Immune-modifying and antimicrobial effects of eucalyptus oil and simple inhalation devices 13, Frankincense Oil Derived from Boswellia carteri Induces Tumor Cell Specific Cytotoxicity 14, Hypotensive activity of terpenes found in essential oils 15. ‘The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial 16, Cytotoxicity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil cowards human oral cavity squamous cell 17. Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood 18, Effects of aromatherapy on changes in the autonomic nervous system, aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index in patients with essential hypertension 19, Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer’ disease 20. Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psychoactivity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain 21. Natural Synergy: Essential Oils in Cancer Research Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils on Streptococcus pneumoniae hE Essential Oils Desk Reference | 6.19ABSTRACTS “Abstract: A proprietary blend of oils (named Thieves) containing cinnamon, rosemary, clove, f Kepieastl ieee rks: suc and on ws tested for ance rial activit tinst airborne Micrococcus luteus, Pseu- ee tial activity against airborne coceus luteus, Pew Author: S.C. Chao, D.G.Young, CJ. Oberg, K. Nakaoka Journal: Flavour and Fragrance Journal (2010) Location: Weber State University, Ogden, UT ‘Conclusion: These results indicate that essential oils alone and in combination can inhibit MRSA domonas aeruginozs and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria cultures were sprayed in an enclosed area, and Thieves was diffused fora given amount of time, ‘There was an 82 percent reduction in M. luteus bio- aerosol, a 96 percent reduction in the P. aeruginosa bioaerosol, and a 44 percent reduction in the S.au- as bioaer0s0 following 10 minutes of exposure. in vitro. Application of these results may include 3. Screening for Inhibitory Activity of Essential the potential use of essential oils as an alternative Oils on Selected Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses they fr vais des ane by Sanwa eae a i Journal: Journal of Essential Oil Rescarch 12, Abstract: Ninety-one essential oils, each distilled from a single plane source, and 64 blended essential 92:00) (SepiCiex 2000) cils obtained from a commercial source were Location: Weber Stare University, Ogden, UT screened using the disc diffusion assay for inhibitory eo - mnelusion: Many essential oils were activity against methicillin-resstane Staphylococcus ‘ : om ARGH OF ACSI tages ae demonstrated to have antimicrobial properties. 78 exhibited zones of inhibition against MRSA, Abstract: 45 essential ols were tested for their with lemongrass, lemon myrdle, mountain savory, inhibicory effect agains bacteria, yeast, molds, cinnamon, and melissa essential oils having the and two bacteriophage. Of the oils tested, all highest levels of inhibition. OF 64 blended essential ls showed inhibition compared to controls oils, 52 exhibited inhibitory activity against MRSA, amon bark and tea erce essential ols showed with R.C. (combination of myn, Eucabypeus ann inhibitory effect against all the rst organisms lobulus, Excolypeusaustraliana, Eucalpras and phage. Other oils with broad ranges of cadend cuatirern pines crprem lends ecco inhibition included lemongrass, mountain savory, peppermint, and Eucalyprs citriodona cls), Roman chamomile, rosewood, and spearmint. ‘Motivation (a combination of Roman chamomile, ylang ylang, spruce, and lavender oil), and 4, Neuropharmacology of the Longevity (a combination of frankincense, clove, Eonential Ot of Bargamat orange, and thyme oils) blended essential oils having the highest inhibitory atviy. Effect of a Diffused Essential Oil Blend on Bacterial Bioaerosols Author: S.C. Chao, D.G. Young, and C.J. Oberg Journal: Journal of Essential Oil Research 10, 517-523 (Sept/Oct 1998) Location: Weber State University, Ogden, UT Conclusion: Diffusion of the oil blend, Thieves, can significantly reduce the number of aerosol- borne bacteria. Author: G. Bagetta, et al. Journal: Filoterapia (September 2010) Location: University of Calabria, Italy Conclusion: ‘he data yielded so far contribute to our understanding of the mode of action of this phytocomplex on nerve tissue under normal and pathological experimental conditions and provide a rational basis for the practical use of BEO [ber- gamot essential oil] in complementary medicine ‘The opening of a wide venue for future research and translation into clinical setcings i also envisaged. Scientific Research on Essential Oils,Scientific Research on Essential Oils | Appendix D Abstract: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso) is a fruit most knowledgeable for its essential oil (BEO) used in aromatherapy to minimize symptoms of stress-induced anxiety and mild mood disorders and cancer pain though the rational bass for such applications waits to be discovered. ‘The behavioural and EEG spectrum power effects of BEO correlate well with its exocytotic and carrier- mediated release of discrete amino acids endowed with neurotransmitter function in the mammalian hippocampus supporting the deduction that BEO is able to interfere with normal and pathological synaptic plasticity. The observed neuroprotection in the course of experimental brain ischemia and pain does support this view. 5. Effective Treatment of Experimental Acute Otitis Media by Application of Volatile Fluids into the Ear Canal ‘Author: K.G. Kristinsson, A.B. Magnusdottr, H. Petersen, A. Hermansson Journal: Journal of Infectious Diseases (June 2005) Location: Landspitali University Hospital, Iceland Conclusion: The treatment wil essential oil components cured or healed 56 to 81 percent of rats infected with H. influenzae and 6 to 75 percent of rats infected with pneumonococci, compared with 5.6 to 6 percent of ras in the placebo group. Essential oils or their components placed in the ear canal can provide effective treatment of acute otitis media. Abstract: Essential oils are volatile and can have good antimicrobial activity. We compared the eects of oil of basil (Ocimum baslicum) and essential oil components (thymol, carvacrol, and slicylaldehyele) to those of a placebo when placed in the ear canal of rats with experimental otitis media caused by pneumonococcs or Haemophilus influenzae, Progress ‘was monitored by oromicroscopic examination and ‘middle ear euleues. oil of basil or NOTE: Never pour essential oils into the ear canal. Simply put a drop of basil on your finger and rub around the outside of che ear canal. The volatile nature will allow vapor to waft into the ear withoue having to actually place Influence of Some Spice Essential Oils ‘on Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Production of Aflatoxins in a Synthetic Medium Author: R.S. Farag, Z.Y. Daw, $.H. Abo-Raya Journal: Journal of Food Science, Vol 54, No. 1, 74-76 (1989) Location: Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Conclusion: Essential oils of thyme, cumin, clove, ‘caraway, rosemary, and sage all possess antifungal properties. Abstract: The essential oils of thyme, cumin, clove, ‘caraway, rosemary, and sage were tested for anti- fungal properties. The essential oils completely inhibited growth of fungal mycelium and aflacoxin production. The oils from most effective to least ‘effective were: thyme > cumin > clove > caraway > rosemary > sage. The basic components of these oils were determined by gas-liquid chromatography to be: thyme—thymol, cumin—cumin aldehyde, love—eugenol, caraway—carvone, rosemary — borneol, and sage—thujone. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Essential Oils Author: M.A. Salch, S. Clark, B. Woodard, S.A. Deolu-Sobogun Journal: Ethnicity and Disease (Winter 2010) Location: Texas Southern University Conclusion: The majority of the active samples showed no more than one or two spots in cheir “TLC indicating that ancioxidane activity is ‘only associated with certain types of chemicals. Identified active compounds were found to be oxygenated monoterpenoids, monoterpene hydrocarbons and monoterpene phenols. Abstract: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen free radicals are processed during immune activity and are tiggeted by several environmental factors such. as pollution, smoke, and sunlight. Harmful effects of these reactive species include cellular damage to RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids. In humans several diseases including those connected with the heart, lung, and the eye are associated with v5.0 | © Copyignt 2011 Fitth Edition | Essential Oils Desk RefEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition the accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Antioxidants in blood, cells, and tissue fluids play an important role in neutralizing the normal level of oxidative damage caused by these fee radicals. In an effort to ‘minimize the impact of environmental pollution ‘on humans, identification of natural product antioxidants has become a realistic and powerful tool in the dietary and natural products industry. 8. Anttinflammatory Effects of Myrtol Standardized and Other Essential Oils on Alveolar Macrophages from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ‘Author: U. Rancasch, G. Vacca, R. Dick, A. Gillissen, Location: Robert-Koch Hospital, Leipzig, Germany Conclusion: All essential oils tested have effective antioxidative properties in ex vivo cultured and LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Additionally, Myrtol inhibited TNF-a and GM- CSF release best indicating additional potent anti- inflammatory activity. Abstract: Myrtol standardized is established in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis and sinusitis, It increases mucociliar clearance and has muco-secretolytic effects. Additional anti- inflammatory and antioxidative properties have been confirmed for Myrtol standardized, eucalyptus oil, and orange oil in several in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to prove the ability of essential oils to reduce cytokines release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production derived from ex vivo cultured alveolar macrophages 9. Reduction of Salmonella enterica Contamination on Grape Tomatoes by Washing with Thyme Oil, Thymol, and Carvacrol as Compared with Chlorine Treatment Author: Y. Lu, C. Wu Journal: Journal of Food Protection (December 2010) Location: University of Delaware 10. Conclusion: The uses of these antimicrobial agents achieved significant log reductions of Salmonella on inoculated grape tomatoes and decreased dramatically the isk of potential transmission of pathogens from tomatoes t0 washing solutions. None of these antimicrobial agents decreased the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content, nor did any of them change the color and pH values or affect the taste, aroma, or visual quality of grape tomatoes. Therefore, 0.4 mg/ml thymol has great potential co be an alternative to chlorine-based washing solution for fresh produce. Abstract: In recent years, multistate outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovars were traced to tomatoes and resulted in serious economic loss for the tomato industry and decreased consumer confidence in the safety of tomato produce. Purified compounds derived from essential oils such as thymol and carvacrol had wide inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens including Salmonella. The objective ofthis study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of thymol, carvacrol, and thyme oil against Salmonella on grape tomatoes. Gastroprotective Activity of Essential Oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and Its Major Component Eugenol in Different Animal Models ‘Author: J.R. Santin, etal. Journal: Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology (February 2011) Location: Universidade do Vale do Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil Conclusion: The data suggest that the effectiveness of the essential oil and eugenol is based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of mucus, an important gastroprotective factor. However, further pharmacological and toxicological investigations are required to enable its use for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Abstract: Syzygium aromaticum, a medicinal planc commonly known as clove, is used to treat toothache, respiratory disorders, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. From the flower buds of S. aromaticum, itis possible wo obsain an Scientific Research on Essential Oils,Scientific Research on Essential Oils | Appendix D essential oil comprised of a mixture of aliphatic and cyclic volatile terpenes and phenylpropanoids, being eugenol as the main component. The aims of this study were: (1) to extract the essential oil of the lower buds of S. aromaticum, (2) to identify and quantify the main component of the essenti oil, and (3) to evaluate its antiulcer activity using different animal models. 11. Healing Advantages of Lavender Essential Oil During Episiotomy Recovery: A Clinical Trial Author: K. Vakilian, M. Atarha, R. Bekhradi, R. Chaman Journal: Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice (February 2011) Location: Arak University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Conclusion: There was no significant difference between two groups in surgery site complications “However, redness in lavender group was significantly less than controls (p < 0.001). This study suggests application of lavender essential ol instead of povidone-iodine for episiotomy wound care. Abstract: Episiotomy is the most common perineal incision in obstetric and midwifery. Nowadays alternative and complementary methods such as Aromatherapy using essential oils are established as an alternative therapy. This research was carried out {0 asses the effect of lavender oil in wound healing, ‘This randomized control tril was conducted on 120 primiparous women with singleton pregnancy, ‘without any acure and chronic disease and allergy ‘who had undergone normal spontancous vaginal delivery and episiotomy. 12. Immune-Modifying and Antimicrobial Effects of Eucalyptus Oil and Simple Inhalation Devices Author: A.E. Sadlon, D.W. Lamson Journal: Alternative Medical Review (April 2010) Location: (Not listed) Conclusion: There isa long history of folk usage with a good safety record. More recently, the biochemical details behind these effects have been clarified. Although other plant oils may be more ricrobiologically active, the safety of moderate doses of EO and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial action make it an attractive alternative to pharmaceuticals. EO has also been shown to offset the myelotoxicity of one chemotherapy agent. Whether ths isa general aeribute that does not decrease the benefit of chemotherapy remains to be determined. This article also provides instruction on how co assemble inexpensive devices for vapor inhalation. Abstract: Eucalyptus oil (EO) and its major com- ponent, 1,8-cincole, have antimicrobial effects against many bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococ- ‘cus aureus (MRSA), viruses, and fungi (including Candida), Surprisingly for an antimicrobial sub- stance, there are also immune-stimulatory, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and spasmo- Iytic effects. OF che white blood cells, monocytes and macrophages are most affected, especially with increased phagocytic activity. Application by either vapor inhalation or oral route provides benefit for both purulent and non-purulent respiratory problems, such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic “obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 18. Frankincense Oil Derived from Boswellia carteri Induces Tumor Cell Specific Cytotoxicity Author: M.B. Frank, H.K. Lin, etal. Journal: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (March 2009) Location: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Conclusion: Frankincense oil appears to distinguish cancerous from normal bladder cells, and suppress cancer cell viability. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis proposed multiple pathways that can be activated by frankincense oil to induce bladder cancer cell death. Frankincense oil might represent an alternative intravesical agent for bladder cancer treatment. Abstract: Originating from Aftica, India, and the Midale East, feankincense cil has been important both socially and economically as an ingredient in v5.0 | © Copyignt 2011 Fith Eation | eae 6.23 Oils Desk ReferenceEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition 14. 15. incense and perfumes for thousands of years. Frank- incense oil is prepared from aromatic hardened gum resins obtained by tapping Boswellia trees. One of the main components of frankincense oil is boswell- a component known to have anti-neoplastic . The goal of this study was to evaluate frankincense oil for its anti-tumor activity and sig- naling pathways in bladder cancer cells. Hypotensive Activity of Terpenes Found in Essential Oils Author: L.A. Menezes, etal Journals Zeitschrift fir Navurforschung C. A Journal of Biosciences (December 2010) Location: Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabri Conclusion: These results demonstrated thar all terpenes tested had hypotensive activi and that the pharmacological effect of the terpene aleohols was more effective than that of the terpene hydrocarbons. Abstract: The cardiovascular activity of essential cis has been reported. Some studies showed that the main chemical components ofthese oils contribute to their pharmacological ati “Therefore, the cardiovascular activity of four ‘monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene was evaluated in the present work. The Effects of Lavender Scent on Dental Patient Anxiety Levels: A Cluster Randomised-Controlled Trial Author: M. Kritsidima, T. Newton, K. Asimakopoulou Journal: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (February 2010) Location: King’s College, London, UK Conclusion: Although anxiety about future dental visits seems to be unaffected, lavender scent reduces state anxiety in dental patients. Abstract: To review the effect of lavender scent ‘on anticipatory anxiety in dental participants. In a cluster randomized-controlled tral, patients’ (N = 340) anxiety was assessed while waiting for 16. 7. a scheduled dental appointment, cither under the odor of lavender or with no odor. Current anxiety, assessed by the brief State Trait Anxiety Indicator (STAI-6), and generalized dental anxiety, asessed by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were examined. Cytotoxicity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil towards human oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma Author: S, Sertel, T. Eichhorn, PK. Plinkert, T Efferth Journal: Anticancer Research (January 2011) Location: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Conclusion: Thyme essential oil inhibits human HNSCC cell growth. Based on pharmacogenomic approaches, novel insights into the molecular mode of anticancer activity of thyme are presented. Abstract: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all malignancies and has a high mortality rate. The majority of anticancer drugs are of natural origin. However, itis unknown whether the medicinal plane Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) is cytotoxic towards head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HINSCO). Differential Effects of the Aromas of Salvia Species on Memory and Mood ‘Author: L. Moss, M. Rouse, K.A, Wesnes, M. Moss Journal: Human Psychopharmacology (July 2010) Location: Northumbria University, Neweastle upon Tyne, UK Conclusion: These findings suggest that the aromas of essential oils of Salvia species reproduce some but not all ofthe effects found following oral herb administration, and that interesting dissociations occur between subjective and objective responses. Abstract: This study investigated the potential for the aromas of the essential oils of Salvia species to affect cognition and mood in healthy adults, Research has demonstrated that orally administered Salvia officinalis and Salvia 6.24 | api 1:0 | Sciontiie Research on Essential OilsScientific Research on Essential Oils | Appendix D lavandulacfolia are capable of modulating cognition and mood. The active compounds in the herbal products might also be present in the aromas and so produce similar effects. 18. Effects of Aromatherapy on Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System, Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Aortic Augmentation Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension Author: J.H. Cha, S.H. Lee, YS. Yoo Journal: Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing (October 2010) Location: The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Conclusion: Aromatherapy is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and sympathetic nerve system activity. Abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on blood pressure, heart rate variability, aortic pulse wave velocity and the aortic augmentation index of essential hypertensive patients. Using a coin toss, 22 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control. The experimental group was given a blend of ols of lemon (Citrus imonum), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and ylang ylang (Cananga ‘edorata) which were prepared in the ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. The control group was given an artificial lemon fragrance of Limonene (35 ce) and Citral (15 cc) mixture, The experiment, inhalation, was conducted for 3 weeks (2 min per inhalation, 2 times per day) to both groups. 19. Effect of Aromatherapy on Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Author: D. Jimbo, Y. Kimura, M. Taniguchi, M Inoue, K. Urakami Journal: Psychogeriatrics (December 2009) Location: Tottori University, Yonago, Japan Conclusion: All patients showed significant improvement in personal orientation related to cognitive function on both the GBSS-J and ‘TDAS after therapy. In particular, patients with AD showed significant improvement in toral TDAS scores. Result of routine laboratory tests showed no significant changes, suggesting that there were no side-effects associated with the use ‘of aromatherapy. Results from Zarit’s score showed no significant changes, suggesting that caregivers had no effect on the improved patient scores seen in the other tests. We found aromatherapy an efficacious non-pharmacological therapy for dementia. Aromatherapy may have some potential for improving cognitive function, especially in AD patients, Abstract: Recently, the importance of non- pharmacological therapies for dementia has come to the fore. In the present study, we examined the ‘curative effects of aromatherapy in dementia in 28 elderly people, 17 of whom had Alzheimer's disease (AD). 20. Incensole Acetate, an Incense Component, Elicits Psychoactivity by Activating TRPV3 Channels in the Brain Author: A. Moussaieff, eal. Journal: FASEB Journal (August 2008) Location: Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Conclusion: Our results imply that TRPV3 channels in the brain may play a role in emotional regulation, Furthermore, the biochemical and pharmacological effects of IA may provide a biological basis for deeply rooted cultural and religious traditions. Abstract: Burning of Boswellia resin as incense has been part of religious and cultural ceremonies for millennia and is believed to contribute to the spiritual exaltation associated with such events ‘Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 3 is an ion channel implicated in the perception of ‘warmth in the skin. TRPV3 mRNA has also been found in neurons throughout the brain; however, the role of TRPV3 channels there remains unknown. Here we show that incensole acetate (IA), a Boswellia resin constituent, isa potent ‘TRPV3 agonist that causes anxiolytic-like and antidepressive-like behavioral effects in wild-type (WT) mice with concomitant changes in ¢-Fos activation in the brain. These behavioral effects ‘were not noted in TRPV3(/-) mice, suggesting that they are mediated via TRPV3 channels. v5.0 | © Copyignt 2011 Fith Eation | eae Oils Desk ReferenceEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition 21. Natural Synergy: Essential Oils in Cancer Research Author: Nicole Stevens Journal: Master's Thesis (August 2002) Location: Brigham Young University/University of Nevada Las Vegas Conclusion: Fifiy-cight percent of 69 essential oils and 5 essential oil blends showed general cancer inhibition of 50 percent or greater. Thi four percent of the 74 oils showed cancer-specific inhibition, Seven of these oils were active against ‘two oF more cancer cell lines Abstract: A total of 74 essential oils (69 single oils and 5 blends) were tested against four cancer cell lines: cervical, breast, skin, and prostate. Oils were identified which effectively kill eancer cells while being nontoxic to normal cells. A number of eils showed low normal cell toxicity and strong antican- cer action against two or more cancer cell lines: san- dalwood (against all 4 cancer cell lines) tsuga (2), thyme (3), myrtle (2), and thyme linalol (2) 22. Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils on Streptococcus pneumoniae Author: A. Horne, M. Holm, C, Oberg, S. Chao, DG. Young Journal: Journal of Essential Oil Research (Sep! (Oct 2001) Location: Weber State University, Ogden, Ural, Conclusion: Essential oils chat induce lysis in S. pneumoniae may have potential as an alternative treatment for infections caused by drug resistant pneumococci. Abstract: OF 73 essential oils tested for antibacterial activity against Streprococcus pneumoniae . .. three oils were highly inhibitory, fifteen moderately inhibitory, and the remainder weakly or non-inhil The oils with hhigh antibacterial activity, oregano, thyme, and rosewood, induced rapid lysis of R36A as indicated by a decrease on OD and appearance of dechaining and considerable cell debris within 30 min of addition. Scientific Research on Essential Oils.Appendix E Product Usage for Body Systems Product Type Key: S Essential Oil Single B Essential Oil Blend D Dietary Supplement P. Personal Care/Hair and Skin L_Lotions/Creams/Massage Oils G Bath and Shower Ge A. Antiseptic/Sanitizing © Oral Care Soaps Ni Product Abundance Acceptance AlkaLime Allerayme Angelica Animal Scents Shampoo Animal Scents Ointment Anise AromaGuard Meadow Mist Deodorant AromaGuard Mountain Mint Deodorant Aroma Life Aroma Sicz ART Day Activator ART Gentle Foaming Cleanser ART Night Reconstructor ART Purifying Toner Australian Blue Awaken Balance Complete Balsam fir, Idaho Basil Bath & Shower Gel Base Bath Gel (Kid Believe =[e/el@[elelele| =) s]=|=l@1@] =] sl@/Flola/elsle/a|n e e copy itth Edition | Essential Oils Desk Reference | 6.27Essential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition Essential Oil Single Essential Oil Blend Dietary Supplement Personal Care/Hair and Skin Lotions/Creams/Massage Oils Bath and Shower Gels/Soaps Antiseptic/Sanicizing Oral Care Product Type Key: o>orvomn Product [Nervous System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Immune / Antiinfectious Glandular / Hormonal ‘Muscle and Bone Antiaging Bergamot © | Digestive / Elimination @| Emotional Balance ‘Oral Hygiene @| Skin and Hair BLM (Capsules) BLM (Powder) Blue Agave Boswellia Wrinkle Cream Brain Power Breathe Again Roll-On Cajeput Carbozyme ‘Cardamom, CardiaCare Cassia ‘Cedar, Western Red (Cedarwood Cel-Lite Magic Massage Oil ‘Chamomile, German’ ‘Chamomile, Roman Chelex (Christmas Spirit Ginnamint Lip Balm Cinnamon Bark Cistus Citronella Citrus Fresh (CharaDerm_ Clarity Clary Sage Clove ComforTone ‘Common Sense Copaiba Copaiba Vanilla Moisturizing Conditioner ‘Copaiba Vanilla Moisturizing Shampoo 2) v)o|a\0|e/0/0/0/a|a/e|0/ 0) o/o/a|e r|o|o|/e|/o]/v) 0/0) a| ar) 0/0) 0] a) Produce Type Body Systems ChartBody Systems Chart | Appendix € Product Type Key: Essential Oil Single Essential Oil Blend. Dietary Supplement Personal Care/Hair and Skin Lotions/Creams/Massage Oils, Bath and Shower Gels/Soaps Antiseptic/Sanitizing Oral Care o>rorvooH Product Immune / Antiinfectious Emotional Balance “Muscle and Bone (Oral Hygiene ‘Skin and Hair Cardiovascular System Respiratory System [Nervous System ‘Antiaging Coriander © | Digestive / Elimination CortiStop Women’s @| @| Glandular / Hormonal Camin Cypress Deep Relief Roll-On Detoxzyme Digest + Cleanse Di-Gize Dill Dragon Time Dragon Time Bath & Shower Gel Dragon Time Massage Oil Dream Catcher Egyptian Gold Elemi En-R-Gee EndoFlex EndoGize Envision Essential Beaury Serum (Acne-Prone Skin) Essential Beauty Serum (Dry Skin) Essentialzyme Estro Eucalyptus Blue Eucalyptus (E. citriodora) Eucalyptus (E. dives) Eucalyprus (E.globulus) Eucalyptus (E. polybractea) Eucalyptus (E, radiata) Evening Peace Bath & Shower Gel Exodus IT FemiGen Fennel 0) 0) a/0|0|0/a/a/0|0\o/0|0|v)a/0 a|o/a|a/a|r|o a o|a) 0/0 /«|0| a) 0) a) Product Type e e Filth Edition | Essential Olle Desk ReferenceEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition Essential Oil Single Essential Oil Blend Dietary Supplement Personal Care/Hair and Skin Lotions/Creams/Massage Oils Bath and Shower Gels/Soaps Antiseptic/Sanicizing Oral Care Product Type Key: o>orvomn Product ‘Nervous System, Cardiovascular System Digestive / Elimination Immune / Antiinfectious Glandular / Hormonal Emotional Balance Antiaging ‘Oral Hygiene Skin and Hair Fir, Douglas Fir, White @ | @ | Respiratory System @| © Muscle and Bone Fleabane, Canadian (Conyza) Forgiveness Frankincense Frankincense, Sacred Galbanum Gathering Genesis Hand & Body Lotion Gentle Baby Geranium Ginger GLE Goldenrod Grapefruit Grapefruit Lip Balm Gratitude Grounding Harmony Helichrysum. Highest Potential Hope HRT Humility Hyssop IcP ImmuPower ImmuPro Inner Child Inner Defense Inspiration Into the Future Jasmine v)o)0|0|o|0/a/0/o|a\0|a|0/0|\o/a\a|v v)o|o\a|o|o/r|o)o|o| a) a) «| 0] | Product Type 6.0 | Appendix € | Body Systems ChartBody Systems Chart | Appendix € Product S Essential Oil Single Type Key: B Essential Oil Blend «|2 D Dietary Supplement § rai i i P. Personal Care/Hair and Skin elele 4 e/E) ele L. Lotions/Creams/Massage Oils | S/El= ei G Bath and Shower Gel Soaps Bl els a\s = Z g\z A Antiseptic/Sanitizing lle i 2/2/23 i EBly © Oral Care | 2/Slelgl2/2| 3/3/25 = Bele es zlel2 Ela Product &lz[olalal Slo a|slorvooe Digestive / Elimination Emotional Balance @| Muscle and Bone ‘Respiratory System @| © | Antiaging (Oral Hygiene @ | @| © Skin and Hair Product ‘Omega Blue Orange (Orange Blossom Fac @ | Glandular / Hormonal @| Nervous System © | Cardiovascular System @| @| Immune / Antiinfectious Wash Oregano (Ortho Ease Massage Oil Ortho Sport Massage Oil Palmarosa Palo Santo PanAway ParaFree Patchouli PD 80/20 Peace & Calming Pepper, Black Peppermint Peppermint-Cedarwood Moisturizing Bar Soap Petitgrain Pine Polyzyme Power Meal Prenolone Plus Body Cream Present Time Prostate Health Progessence Plus Serum Protec Pure Protein Complete Purification RC. Raven Ravintsara Regenolone Moisturizing Cream Rehemogen Relaxation Massage Oil F/0|r|o|a|/@|e|0|a|v/o|a/r|o|o|o|/a|/o|a/a|/alo|a/ol@lala|r|r|o|~| | 0] Produc Type ¥6.0 | © Copmignt 2011 Fitth Eaition | Essential Oils Desk ReferenceEssential Oils Desk Reference | fith Edition Product S Essential Oil Single Type Key: B Essential Oil Blend mle D Dietary Supplement a € i 7 Resell Gian Sa ale i Sl2/8| 2/2 G Bath and Shower GelSoaps Be a/e/2)2/5|2 5 Ae A. AntisepticlSanicizing alia i /2| 2/3 3 S| 2/3 ¢ oa 2/5 /3|e/H ela zl 3|ilz/4 Product élz[Slelalslolalsl

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