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Contents
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Nonwoven Materials
Concept of the Thesis
Fabric Structure Generator
Modelling in ABAQUS
Results and Discussions
Conclusion and Outlook
1. Nonwoven Materials
Nonwovens are unique, engineered fabrics used across
a wide range of applications and products.
Motivation
Even though the nonwovens capture a huge market
worldwide, the full potential of these materials has not been
utilized yet.
It is important to understand the effect of materials
microstructure on the overall properties of nonwovens and
their deformation behaviour at microscopic and macroscopic
levels.
This will help the nonwoven industries to improve the
mechanical properties of the nonwoven, making it suitable
for more specific jobs, by optimising the respective
manufacturing processes
Microstructure of Nonwovens
Rectangular Bond Points
(a) and (b ) show rectangular bond point pattern1 on a 20 gsm thermally bonded
nonwoven fabric.
(c) and (d) show elliptical bond point pattern2 on a 15 gsm polypropylene thermally
bonded nonwoven fabric.
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2.
Xiaonan Hou, Memis Acar, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. Computational Materials Science, 46(3):700707, 2009. ISSN 09270256.
Karsten Leucker. Master thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen-Nrnberg., 2015.
Number of fibres
FSG
3D Fibrous
Structure
Modelling
&
Simulation
in ABAQUS
Layer controlling
parameters
Layer controlling
parameters
ODF file
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13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5.5
15.5
25.5
35.5
45.5
55.5
65.5
75.5
85.5
95.5
105.5
135.5
145.5
165.5
175.5
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Number of fibres
Probability
ODF Processing
0 (MD)
Processing
175.5
180 (X)
0 (X)
-85.5
- 90 (CD)
90 (CD)
270 (Y)
Fibre generation
90 (Y)
A
N
B
M
180 (X)
i
0 (X)
270 (Y)
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Stage 1
Formation of Bond points + Processing of ODF
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Stage 2
Placing the fibres freely in the fabric layers till
Where , L C = Layer number request
L f = Layer limiting factor
L C <= L f
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LC>Lf
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Stage 4
The program writes all the necessary information about the fabric structure in data files
- Coordinates of the fibres
- Fibre orientation angles
- Length of the fibres
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The fabric structure with and without bond points is plotted via GNUPLOT.
Further the relation between number of fibres Vs fibre length and fibre length vs fibre
orientation are plotted to study the microstructure of the fabric.
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4. Modelling in ABAQUS
A python program has been developed which guides ABAQUS to model the fabric
structure using the data files provided by the FSG program.
Manual modelling requires about 8 10 hours. Python program reduces this time to
20 seconds .
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Modelling Parameters
Material Parameters
Material
Polypropylene fibre
Material
model
Hyperelastic - Neo
Hooke model
Poisson
ratio
0.42
Initial shear
modulus
680 N/mm2
Initial bulk
modulus
4023 N/mm2
C10
340 N/mm2
D1
0.000497141 mm2/N
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Boundary Conditions
Boundary Condition 1
Boundary Condition 2
Boundary Condition 3
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Undeformed Structure
ODF1, high density fabric structure
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The fibres connecting the bond points D-B experience no stress as they are at ENCASTRE
boundary condition.
As the structure is stretched, all the fibres connecting the bond-point D-F, F-B, B-E, E-D
and E-F participate in the load bearing process.
The structure has relatively uniform stress distribution as compared to deformation
observed using BC1.
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A novel finite element model has been developed to simulate the deformation
behaviour of the fibrous structure under uniaxial and biaxial tension.
To define the 3D microstructure of the fibrous web, a tool has been developed
using C++ programming language Fabric structure generator (FSG).
Using this tool 12 unique fibrous structures were created via 4 different ODFs and
were simulated in ABAQUS.
The fibrous models were able to successfully simulate the anisotropic deformation
behaviour of the actual nonwoven fibrous network.
This behaviour depends on the microstructure of the fibrous web i.e. the number
of fibres in the structure, their location and orientation in the structure, the
number of layers in the structure and the material properties of the fibres.
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THANK YOU !
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