Professional Documents
Culture Documents
net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
22
32
2
Crack Shots
&RQIHGHUDWHVZHUHWHUULHG
RI,QGLDQVKDUSVKRRWHUV
By Brian King
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
Departments
6
8
12
14
18
21
58
64
38
Rising Star
Grants glancing blow at Belmont,
Mo., brought him into the limelight.
By Eric Ethier
44
48
WorldMags.net
On the Cover:
Orphan Brigade members
from the 2nd and 6th
Kentucky, splashing across
the Stones River early in
Breckinridges Charge,
are brought to a quick
halt on the other side by
Captain John Mendenhalls
massed Union artillery.
WorldMags.net
AMERICAS
CIVIL WAR
ONLINE
Michael A. Reinstein
Dionisio Lucchesi
William Koneval
David Steinhafel
HISTORYNET.com/
AMERICAS-CIVIL-WAR
Roger L. Vance
TENNESSEE
TENSION
At Stones River, permanent
damage was done to the high
command of the Army of
Tennesseeas well as Confederate
fortunes in the West.
AMERICAN INDIAN
SHARPSHOOTERS
AT THE BATTLE OF
THE CRATER
A determined stand by Chippewas
and Otawas of the 1st Michigans
Company K convinced many in
the Union Army that they were
worthy comrades.
BATTLE OF BELMONT:
ULYSSES S. GRANT
TAKES COMMAND
Though Grants reconnaissance
and raid down the Mississippi
actually accomplished litle in
November 1861, it was exactly
the kind of decisive action that
President Lincoln hoped for.
LETS
CONNECT
Like Americas Civil War
Magazine on Facebook
Editor
Art Director
Designer
Managing Editor
Senior Editor
Senior Editor
Senior Editor
Photo Editor/Social Media Coordinator
Consulting Editor
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
Gordon Berg, Peter Cozzens, Eric Ethier, D. Scot Hartwig, Robert K. Krick,
Kim A. OConnell, Ethan S. Rafuse, Ron Soodalter, Craig Swain
CORPORATE
Stephen Kamifuji
Karen G. Johnson
Rob Wilkins
Michael Zatulov
Creative Director
Business Director
Director of Partnership Marketing
Finance
DIGITAL
Josh Sciortino
Associate Editor
ADVERTISING
Barbara Justice
Senior Graphic Designer/Advertising Services
BJustice@historynet.com
Richard E. Vincent National Sales Manager
RVincent@historynet.com
Kim Goddard
National Sales Manager
KGoddard@historynet.com
Rick Gower
Georgia, S.C., N.C., Mich., Ohio
rick@rickgower.com
Terry Jenkins
Tenn., Ky., Miss., Ala., Fla., Mass.
TJenkins@historynet.com
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WORLDS FIRST
Collectible
2016 date
Mirrored proof
background
Larger Franklin
portrait
Additional Discounts
Substantial additional discounts are
available for serious collectors who wish to
acquire more than one of these exquisite
silver proofs.
Year 2016 $100 Silver Proof
1 proof
$99 ea. + s/h
2-4 proofs
$99 ea. + FREE SHIPPING
5-9 proofs
$95 ea. + FREE SHIPPING
10-20 proofs $89 ea. + FREE SHIPPING
FREE SHIPPING on 2 or More!
There is a limit of twenty $100 Silver Proofs
per order, and all orders are subject to
acceptance by GovMint.com.
Only 9,999 Available
GovMint.com will limit striking to only
9,999 One Troy Ounce Silver Proofs for the
year 2016. Once the edition is sold out, no
more 2016 silver proofs can ever be struck.
Orders only will be accepted on a strict firstcome, first-served basis according to the time
and date of the order. Call today for fastest
order processing.
For fastest service call today toll-free
1-888-395-3001
Offer Code FSP144-01
Please mention this code when you call.
":1+-;)6,)>)14)*141<A;=*2-+<<7+0)6/-?1<07=<67<1+-
)+<;)6,B/=:-;,--5-,)++=:)<-);7.-+-5*-:
!%7>16<
com is a private distributor of worldwide government coin and currency issues and privately issued and licensed collectibles, and is
not affiliated with the United States government. GovMint.com is not an investment company and does not offer financial advice or
sell items as an investment. The collectible coin market is speculative, and coin values may rise or fall over time. All rights reserved.
2016 GovMint.com. FREE SHIPPING: Limited time only. Product total over $150 before taxes (if any). Standard domestic shipping only. Not valid on previous purchases.
WorldMags.net
THE BEST SOURCE FOR COINS WORLDWIDE
LETTERS
WorldMags.net
curing slavery?
Superb Photo
Welcome Changes
Misidentied
Geography Lesson
When Colonel Clement Evans and the
31st Georgia entered York, Pa., on July 1,
1863 (A Rebel to His Dying Days,
January 2016), it was not, as writen,
the northernmost point reached by
any Rebel unit during the Getysburg
Campaign. The pockmarks of General
J.E.B. Stuarts cannonade on July 1, 1863,
still scar the columns outside the Old
Courthouse in Carlisle, Pa., which is a
good bit north of York. Unfortunately
for Stuart (and for General Lee), it is also
a good bit north of Getysburg.
Jack Richards
Washington, D.C.
WorldMags.net
WRITE TO US
Send leters to Americas Civil War,
Leters Editor, HistoryNet,
1600 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1140,
Tysons, VA 22102-4883, or
email to acwleters@historynet.com.
Include your name, address and
daytime telephone number.
Leters may be edited.
ife
et e
G bl r L K .
ou fo TAL
D es
ut E
in W
M ith
w
Co N
nt o
ra
ct
ADVERTISEMENT
WorldMags.net
FREE
Car
Charger
Say good-bye to everything you hate about cell phones. Say hello to Jitterbug5.
Cell phones have gotten so small,
I can barely dial mine. Not
Jitterbug, it features a larger keypad
for easier dialing. It even has an
oversized display so you can actually
see it.
Monthly Plan
Operator Assistance
Long Distance Calls
Voice Dial
Nationwide Coverage
24/7
24/7
No addl charge
No addl charge
FREE
FREE
YES
YES
30 days
30 days
More minute plans available. Ask your Jitterbug expert for details.
$19.99
$14.99
Monthly Minutes
Available in
Blue and Red.
1-877-545-6374
www.jitterbugdirect.com
47644
IMPORTANT CONSUMER INFORMATION: WE TALK offer valid on 400 minute plan and applies to new GreatCall customers only. Offer valid until plan is changed or cancelled. Jitterbug is owned by
GreatCall, Inc. Your invoices will come from GreatCall. All rate plans and services require the purchase of a Jitterbug phone and a one-time set up fee of $35. Coverage and service is not available everywhere.
Other charges and restrictions may apply. Screen images simulated.There are no additional fees to call GreatCalls U.S. Based Customer Service. However, for calls to an Operator in which a service is completed,
minutes will be deducted from your monthly balance equal to the length of the call and any call connected by the Operator, plus an additional 5 minutes. Monthly minutes carry over and are available for 60
days. If you exceed the minute balance on your account, you will be billed at 35 for each minute used over the balance. Monthly rate plans do not include government taxes or assessment surcharges. Prices
and fees subject to change. We will refund the full price of the GreatCall phone and the activation fee (or set-up fee) if it is returned within 30 days of purchase in like-new condition. We will also refund your
first monthly service charge if you have less than 30 minutes of usage. If you have more than 30 minutes of usage, a per minute charge of 35 cents will be deducted from your refund for each minute over 30
minutes. You will be charged a $10 restocking fee. The shipping charges are not refundable. Jitterbug and GreatCall are registered trademarks of GreatCall, Inc. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung
Electronics Co., Ltd. 2016 Samsung Electronics America, LLC. 2016 GreatCall, Inc. 2016 firstSTREET for Boomers and Beyond, Inc.
WorldMags.net
FIELD NOTES
WorldMags.net
Steam engine
to Buckhead
ever would a witness of the Great Locomotive Chase have anticipated that the steam
engine Texas could someday be involved
in an even more bizarre excursion. But this
past winter the famed locomotive began an unprecedented journey that will eventually end in Atlantas exclusive Buckhead suburb.
The 51-foot-long Texas gained renown ater Union
raiders lched the steam engine General in April 1862
in northern Georgia, intending to head north and destroy bridges along a vital supply line. The Federals
N
8
didnt manage to do any serious damage, and eventually ran out of fuelwhile Texas, running backward with
a hastily assembled crew, was in hot pursuit.
The 25-ton Texas was recently dragged from its home
in the Atlanta Cyclorama building through a hole in the
basement wall, hauled up a tunnel, then hoisted onto
a atbed truck. Next it was of to North Carolina for a
half-million-dollar restoration. Later this year the engine will go on display at the Atlanta History Center in
Buckhead, where it will be encased in glass and lit up at
night, to celebrate the citys railroading history.
WorldMags.net
FIELD NOTES
WorldMags.net
artists-inresidence
program
expands
THE NATIONAL PARKS ARTS
FOUNDATION, the National Park
Service at Getysburg National
Military Park and the Getysburg
Foundation are joining to expand the
Artists-in-Residence program begun
last year. This year eight-month-long
residencies are available to individuals working in any media or performance approach, with no application
fee. Applications are open to artists of
all types and media. Apply at national
parksartsfoundation.submitable.
com/submit/51158.
ARTIFACTS DONATED: The Manassas Museum received a substantial collection of Civil War artifacts this
past summer from retired professor Charles Poland Jr.
and Northern Virginia Community College. Poland had
collected relics over the past 58 years using funds provided
by NVCC. When the college ran out of space, it was decided
the artifacts should go to the museum. Curator Mary Helen
Dellinger told the Washington Post that the collection encompasses a broad spectrum of artifacts, including cannonballs, a rie, a surgeons medical kit, saddlebags, currency,
photographs, butons, buckles and other personal items.
The items will be incorporated into programming instead
of being incorporated into a permanent exhibit, Dellinger
said, owing to limited exhibition space. To learn more, visit
manassascity.org/museum.
VIRGINIA BOUND: Two cannons formerly displayed at
the site of Robert E. Lees Getysburg headquarters are
now being moved to the Cedar Mountain Batleeld, in
Culpeper County. The replica weapons, which were a git
from the Civil War Trust, will be restored before becoming part of Cedar Mountains guided tours.
LINCOLN LOSSES: Two regretable losses involve the
16th presidentthough in one case theres been a happy ending. A bust of Lincoln displayed outside Getysburgs Hall of Presidents and First Ladies Museum was stolen around
November 22, 2015. Fortunately, it turned up again the following week near a cemetery.
Yet another thet has yet to be rectied as we go to press. A plaster sculpture of Lincolns
hand, created by George Grey Barnard, went missing from Illinois Kankakee County Museum around December 11. This is a relatively small piece, but museum officials describe
it as invaluable and hope it can be recovered. Meanwhile, the Kankakee curators have
opted to store some other portable Barnard pieces, just in case the thief decides to come
back for more.
CUT UP: Comedian Stephen Colbert speculated that the same thief took both the head and
the hand of Honest Abe to create a Franken-Lincoln.
Relics on
the Move
WorldMags.net
Vermont Captain
E.A. Todds
homemade
haversack is part
of a collection
donated to the
the Manassas
Museum.
NOVEMBER 2015
FIELD NOTES
WorldMags.net
veterans graves EVENTS
down under
I exchange,
with proud
satisfaction,
a term of six
years in the
United States
Senate for the
musket of a
soldier.
Confederate Maj. Gen.
John C. Breckinridge
CALENDAR
GEORGIA
Hidden Gem: The Arrest of Alexander
Hamilton Stephens, a reenactment of
the arrest and his homecoming that took
place on October 27, 1865.
When: May 14
Where: Crawfordville
Visit: gacivilwar.org/event/12313hidden-gem-the-arrest-of-alexanderhamilton-stephens
PENNSYLVANIA
Batle of Getysburg Anniversary
Programs include Special National Park
Rangerguided walks, programs and
family activities.
When: July 1-4
Where: Getysburg National Military Park
Visit: nps.gov/get
Sacred Trust talks and book signings.
Historians, authors and National Park
Service Rangers talk about the war.
When: July 1-3, 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Where: Getysburg National Military
Park Museum and Visitor Center.
Co-sponsored by the Getysburg
Foundation. For additional information,
call 717-334-1124, ext. 2105 or 2109, or see
getysburgfoundation.org
VIRGINIA
Stonewall Jackson Symposium.
When: May 27-28
Where: Lexington. Visit: stonewalljackson.
org/events.html
WorldMags.net
Stonewall Jacksons
gravesite in
Lexington, Va.
HowWorldMags.net
To Walk the Walk
Over 18,000
Stauer Walking
Sticks Already Sold!
Image not
actual size.
Limited Edition
Knightsbridge Walking Stick
$49 + s&p
Save $30
You must use the insider offer code to get our special price.
Offer Code Price
1-800-333-2045
Offer Code KWS113-01
Please use this code when you order to receive your discount.
TAKE 38
%
OFF INST
ANTLY!
When you
use
your
Stauer
www.stauer.com
INSIDER
OFFER CO
DE
Rating of A+
Special price only for customers using the offer code versus the price on Stauer.com without your offer code.
36" long Solid brass Derby-style handle Supports up to 250 lbs. Imported eucalyptus wood Rubber tip
Smar t LuxuriesSurprising Prices
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
cottonclads!
A RAGTAG FLOTILLA RECLAIMS GALVESTON
By Ron Soodalter
In the predawn hours of January 1, 1863, a tiny ConIHGHUDWHRWLOODVWHDPHGLQWR*DOYHVWRQ%D\LQWKH*XOI
of Mexico. The larger of the two vessels, Bayou City,
ZDV D IRRWORQJ VLGHZKHHO FRPPHUFLDO VWHDPHU
WKDWZLWK WKH DGGLWLRQ RI D VLQJOH SRXQGHU ULHG
cannon on the foredeck and a 1-inch strip of iron along
LWVERZKDGEHHQKDVWLO\FRQYHUWHGWRDUDPDQGJXQERDW,WVFRPSDQLRQDIRUPHUPDLOSDFNHWFKULVWHQHG
Neptune No. 2 KDG EHHQ WWHG ZLWK WZR SRXQGHU
KRZLW]HUV7KHGHFNVRIERWKVWHDPHUVKDGEHHQOLQHG
or clad, with 500-pound cotton bales stacked two and
WKUHHGHHSWRJLYHWKHDSSHDUDQFHRISURWHFWLRQ%RWK
vessels had been chartered to the Texas Marine DepartPHQW E\ WKHLU RZQHUV ZKR ZHUH IUXVWUDWHG WKDW WKH\
could no longer haul Texas cotton because of the Union
EORFNDGH 1RZ WKHVH WZR RGGORRNLQJ FRQJORPHUDWHV
had been sent to Galveston to engage six Federal ships
that were guarding the harbor.
12
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
13
WorldMags.net
Union pickets confront
Rebel stragglers. General
Robert E. Lee (below) had
thousands of troops desert
before Antietam.
14
WorldMags.net
ADVERTISEMENT
HowWorldMags.net
to Tell Time Like a Man
This watch doesnt do dainty. And neither do I. Call me old-fashioned, but I want
my boots to be leather, my tires to be deeptread monsters, and my steak thick and rare.
Inspiration for a mans watch should come
from things like fast cars, firefighters and
power tools. And if you want to talk beauty,
then lets discuss a 428 cubic inch V8.
Did I mention the $59 price tag? This
is a LOT of machine for not a lot of money.
The Stauer Centurion Hybrid sports a
heavy-duty alloy body, chromed and
detailed with a rotating bezel that allows
you to track direction. The luminous hour
and minute hands mean you can keep
working into the night. And the dual digital
displays give this watch a hybrid ability. The
LCD windows displays the time, day and
date, includes a stopwatch function, and
features a bright green electro-luminescent
backlight. We previously offered the
Centurion for $199, but with the exclusive
promotional code its yours for ONLY $59!
$29
1-800-333-2045
Your Insider Promotional Code: CNW440-03
Please use this code when you order to receive your discount.
Stauer
Digital-Analog Hybrid Dual digital displays Heavy-duty chromed body 3 ATM Water Resistant
LCD windows for time, date and day Luminous hands Contrast Stitch Band fits a 7 1/4"9 1/4" wrist
S m a rWorldMags.net
t LuxuriesSurprising Prices
WorldMags.net
:KHQWKHDUP\GHSDUWHG)UHGHULFNRQWKHWKLWOHIW
EHKLQGRUPRUHVLFN7KHKDUGPDUFKLQJDVVRFLDWHG
ZLWKWKH+DUSHUV)HUU\RSHUDWLRQWKHEDWWOHVRI6RXWK
Mountain and the effort to concentrate the army at
6KDUSVEXUJ DOO WHVWHG HYHQ WKH WRXJKHVW PHQ DQG WKH
DUP\RR]HGVWUDJJOHUVRQDVFDOHLWZRXOGQRWH[SHULHQFH
DJDLQXQWLOWKH$SSRPDWWR[&DPSDLJQ
&RQIHGHUDWHTXDUWHUPDVWHUVIRXQGLWKDUGWRSURFXUH
UDWLRQV LQ 0DU\ODQG %ULJ *HQ 5RVZHOO 5LSOH\V %ULgade, for example, received no rations from the night of
6HSWHPEHUXQWLOWKHPRUQLQJRI6HSWHPEHUZKHQ
HDFK PDQ UHFHLYHG D VLQJOH KRW ELVFXLW 0DMRU *HQHUDO
Lafayette McLaws two divisions exhausted their raWLRQVRQ6HSWHPEHUDQGZHQWZLWKRXWIRRGH[FHSWIRU
D VPDOO UDWLRQ RI RXU 0F/DZV PDQDJHG WR VFURXQJH
QHDU +DUSHUV )HUU\ 2UGHUHG WR PDNH D IRUFHG PDUFK
IURP +DUSHUV )HUU\ WR 6KDUSVEXUJ RQ 6HSWHPEHU
0F/DZVFRPPDQGFRPSOHWHGWKHWUHNEXWDWDWHUULF
FRVW$VROGLHULQWKHWK0LVVLVVLSSLZURWHWKDWRIWKH
RIFHUVDQGPHQLQKLVFRPSDQ\ZKRVHWRXWRQO\
UHPDLQHGLQWKHUDQNVWRJKWRQ6HSWHPEHU
Longstreets command suffered similar losses during
a forced march from Hagerstown to South Mountain to
UHLQIRUFH '+ +LOOV 'LYLVLRQ RQ 6HSWHPEHU 7KH
UHVXOWDVDQRIFHURI%ULJ*HQ5LFKDUG%*DUQHWWV
%ULJDGHQRWHGZDVPHQH[KDXVWHGE\WKHUDSLGPDUFK
DQGRYHUFRPHE\WKHGXVWDQGKHDWIHOORXWRIUDQNVDQG
ZHUHOHIWDORQJWKHURDGVLGHE\GR]HQV/RQJVWUHHWHVWLPDWHGWKDWKHEURXJKWLQWRDFWLRQWKDWGD\ZKLFK
PHDQWWKDWQHDUO\ZHUHDEVHQWZKHQWKHLUXQLWV
went into action.
(]UD$&DUPDQZKRFRQGXFWHGDQLQYHVWLJDWLRQLQWR
the strength of the Army of Northern Virginia at SharpsEXUJ FRQFOXGHG WKDW /HH KDG RIFHUV DQG PHQ
SUHVHQW LQ WKH EDWWOH 'HGXFWLQJ WKH EDWWOH ORVVHV RI
6RXWK0RXQWDLQ+DUSHUV)HUU\DQGRWKHUVNLUPLVKHV
ZKLFKFDPHWRWKLVPHDQWDPLQLPXPRI
PHQ VWUDJJOHG RU ZHUH VLFN IURP WKH DUP\V UDQNV EHWZHHQ6HSWHPEHUDQGSHUFHQW
Postwar writers would trumpet the heroism of the
5HEHOV ZKR IRXJKW DW $QWLHWDP EXW DIWHU WKH
EDWWOH/HHIRFXVHGKLVDWWHQWLRQRQWKRVHZKRZHUHQRW
SUHVHQW 7KH DEVHQW DUH VFDWWHUHG EURDGFDVW RYHU WKH
ODQGKHZURWHRQ6HSWHPEHUDQG7KHUHLV
great dereliction of duty among the regimental
dations in Maryland, Lee formed
Confederate troops march
through Frederick, Md.,
DQG FRPSDQ\ RIFHUV SDUWLFXODUO\ WKH ODWWHU
a special provost guard under
before the September 1862
and unless something is done the army will
%ULJ*HQ/HZLV$UPLVWHDGZKR
Battle of South Mountain.
PHOWDZD\$IWHUFRQVLGHUDEOHHIIRUW/HHPDQZDV DXWKRUL]HG WR DUUHVW VWUDJaged to get the straggling and desertion under
glers and punish summarily all
VRPHFRQWUROQHLWKHUDUP\HYHUVROYHGWKHSUREOHPEXW
depredators, and keep the men with their commands.
7KHUHDOLWLHVRIWKHFDPSDLJQUHQGHUHG$UPLVWHDGVMRE WKHUH LV QR GRXEW WKDW RQ 6HSWHPEHU KH FRXOG KDYH
LPSRVVLEOH SDUWLFXODUO\ DIWHU WKH DUP\ OHIW )UHGHULFN XVHGWKHRUPRUHZKRPLVVHGWKHEDWWOH
0G RQ 6HSWHPEHU WR VXUURXQG DQG FDSWXUH WKH
8QLRQJDUULVRQVDW+DUSHUV)HUU\DQG0DUWLQVEXUJ9D Scott Hartwig writes from the crossroads of Gettysburg.
Va., on the eve of moving across the Potomac River into
Maryland with an army of approximately 74,000. But
its numerical strength is deceptive, since many of those
men were at the end of their tether. Diarrhea, dysentery
DQG RWKHU LOOQHVVHV DILFWHG WKRXVDQGV 'HVFULELQJ D
PDUFKRQ6HSWHPEHUDPHPEHURI%ULJ*HQ-DPHV
.HPSHUV %ULJDGH ZURWH 7KH DPEXODQFHV ZHUH IXOO
and the whole route was marked with a sick, lame,
limping lot, that straggled to the farm-houses that lined
the way. With every movement Lees army made, it
leaked stragglers.
$W/HHVEXUJWKHDUP\FDUULHGRXWDKDVW\UHRUJDQL]DWLRQ WR SUHSDUH IRU LQYDGLQJ 0DU\ODQG ,Q /W *HQ
-DPHV /RQJVWUHHWV FRPPDQG DQ RUGHU ZDV LVVXHG H[FXVLQJEDUHIRRWDQGVLFNPHQIURPWKHRSHUDWLRQ'DYLG
-RKQVWRQ RI WKH WK 9LUJLQLD WKRXJKW WKH RUGHU SURGXFHG XQIRUWXQDWH FRQVHTXHQFHV -XGJLQJ RWKHU FRPPDQGV E\ P\ RZQ , FDQ VWDWH WKDW PXFK WRR ODUJH D
QXPEHU RI PHQ UHPDLQHG DW /HHVEXUJ VWUHWFKLQJ WKH
SUHWH[WWRFRYHUIDUPRUHWKDQZDVLQWHQGHGE\WKHRUGHUKHZURWH$QRIFHULQWKH3KLOOLSV/HJLRQWKRXJKW
around 5,000 men of the army were excused from duty
and ordered to Winchester, Va.
7KH /HHVEXUJ UHRUJDQL]DWLRQ UHGXFHG /HHV VWUHQJWK
to around 69,000 men. To prevent straggling and depre-
16
WorldMags.net
ADVERTISEMENT
WorldMags.net
Mike Lindell
Inventor of MyPillow
mypillow.com WorldMags.net
OR call
5 QUESTIONS
WorldMags.net
Mercy Street
Masterminds
Mercy Street
co-creators and
executive producers
David Zabel and
/LVD:ROQJHU
WorldMags.net
5 QUESTIONS
WorldMags.net
Mercy Street
PBS
Sunday Nights
10 p.m.
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
19
ADVERTISEMENT
WorldMags.net
Wow! A Simple to Use Computer
Designed Especially for Seniors!
Easy to read. Easy to see. Easy to use. Just plug it in!
NEW
Now comes with...
Larger 22-inch hi-resolution
screen easier to see
16% more viewing area
Simple navigation so you
never get lost
FREE
Automatic
Software Updates
1-877-731-2088
81023
EDITORIAL
WorldMags.net
NOT IN
VAIN
WorldMags.net
Wounded
Warriors
Company K lost
roughly half its
men in 11 months
of action. Here,
wounded Indian
sharpshooters
wait on Maryes
Heights, outside
Fredericksburg, in
May 1864.
MAY 2016
21
WorldMags.net
Devastaion
Kentucky troops
in Maj. Gen. John
Breckinridges
Division, the so-called
Orphan Brigade,
FRPHXQGHUUHDV
they try to cross the
Stones River during
a Confederate charge
late in the battle. That
1,200-man brigade
alone suffered roughly
430 casualties in
the attack.
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
STONES
RIVER
DEBACLE
an ill-conceived attack
on a Strong Union Line
costs the Rebels Dearly
By Peter Cozzens
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
troubling intelligence to Bragg, Brent warned that possession of the right was critical: It commanded the entire
HOGRIEDWWOH)URPWKLVSRLQWHLWKHUWKHHQHP\VRURXU
OLQHFRXOGEHHQODGHG
%UDJJ FRQFXUUHG 7KH DVVDXOW KH KDG FRQWHPSODWHG
ODXQFKLQJ DJDLQVW WKH )HGHUDO OHIW ZHVW RI WKH ULYHU KDG
QRZEHHQIRUFHGXSRQKLPHDVWRIWKHULYHU(LWKHUKHPXVW
dislodge the Yankees from the commanding ground or
ZLWKGUDZKLVDUP\7R%UHFNLQULGJHWKHRUGHUVFDPHWRDWWDFN%HDWW\VGLYLVLRQRQWKHKLJKJURXQG7ZRFDYDOU\EULJDGHV ZRXOG SURWHFW %UHFNLQULGJHV ULJKW DQN DV KH DGYDQFHG %UDJJ SHUPLWWHG %UHFNLQULGJH WR GHWHUPLQH WKH
KRXURIWKHDVVDXOW
%UDJJV SODQ VWXQQHG %UHFNLQULGJH +DYLQJ FRQGXFWHG
his own reconnaissance that morning, the Kentuckian had
FRQFOXGHG WKH )HGHUDO SRVLWLRQ ZDV WRR VWURQJ WR DVVDXOW
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
25
WorldMags.net
26
WorldMags.net
Bluegrass Banner
+HDGTXDUWHUVDJ
(left) of Colonel
Thomas Hunt, the
9th Kentuckys
commander at
Stones River. Near
the end of the war, a
Confederate soldier
VHZHGWKLVDJLQVLGH
his coat to keep it
IURPEHLQJFDSWXUHG
WorldMags.net
Old Flintlock
Captured at
Fort Donelson in
February 1862,
Roger Hanson spent
seven months as a
Union prisoner before
being exchanged,
and in December
was promoted to
brigadier general and
given command of
the Orphan Brigade.
Mortally wounded
during Breckinridges
Charge, he died two
days later.
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
Home Guard
The militia coat once
worn by 4th Kentucky
Private Henry Hall,
killed by a cannonball
during the charge.
28
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
Hot Pursuit
The 78th Pennsylvania
Infantry, shown early in
WKHEDWWOHZDVWKHUVW
Federal regiment to cross
Stones River in pursuit
RIWKHHHLQJ&RQIHGHUates at the conclusion
of Breckinridges
blunted charge.
The minutes passed slowly. A little after 3 p.m. Confederate skirmishers tore down the fences to their front. A few
minutes before 4 p.m. the men of the Orphan Brigade spotWHG WKH HVK\ IRUP RI *HQHUDO +DQVRQ JDOORSLQJ WRZDUG
WKHP+HURGHIURPUHJLPHQWWRUHJLPHQWH[FODLPLQJLQD
VWHQWRULDQ YRLFH 7KH RUGHU LV WR ORDG [ ED\RQHWV DQG
march through the brushwood. Then charge at the double
TXLFNWRZLWKLQDKXQGUHG\DUGVRIWKHHQHP\GHOLYHUUH
and go at him with the bayonet.
The fearful odds against him were unknown to Breckinridge when at 4 p.m. the cannon boomed the signal for the
DWWDFN DQG WKH PHQ RI KLV GLYLVLRQ VWDUWHG IRUZDUG
with a cheer. For an instant Breckinridge was caught up in
the drama of the moment. Watching the Orphan Brigade
step off in beautiful order with its commander well to the
IURQW%UHFNLQULGJHH[FODLPHG/RRNDWROG+DQVRQ:KLOH
ULGLQJWRWKHULJKW%UHFNLQULGJHIRXQG3LOORZFRZHULQJEHhind a tree. The language Breckinridge employed to order
him forward can only be imagined.
The Orphan Brigade came under murderous artillery
UHWKHLQVWDQWLWHPHUJHGIURPWKHWLPEHU%XUVWLQJVKHOOV
FRPSOHWHO\GURZQHGWKHYRLFHRIPDQUHFDOOHGDVWXQQHG
.HQWXFN\SULYDWH3OXQJLQJDQGWHDULQJWKURXJKWKH5HEHO
UDQNVWKHEXUVWLQJVKHOOVKXUOHGPHQDERXWOLNHUDJGROOV
*HQHUDO+DQVRQZDVRQHRIWKHUVWWRIDOOZKHQDSURMHFtile slammed into his leg above the knee. Finding his morWDOO\ ZRXQGHG IULHQG O\LQJ DORQH EHVLGH D IHQFH %UHFNLQ-
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
29
My poor
WorldMags.net
Orphans!
My poor
Orphans,
torn to
pieces.
Kentuckys Own
Former Vice President
John C. Breckinridge
had little military
experience, but
&RQIHGHUDWHRIFLDOV
hoped his Kentucky
roots would attract
soldiers from the
Bluegrass State to the
Southern Army.
Confederate
Maj. Gen. John
Breckinridge
tons trailing regiments had not noticed the halt, and all
were soon badly intermingled. On the division left, meanwhile, several hundred Kentuckians and one Louisiana
UHJLPHQWRI*LEVRQVEULJDGHQGLQJWKHPVHOYHVFURZGHG
against the river, waded the chest-deep frigid waters and
hid in trees along the west bank, taking potshots at the
nearest Federals.
The confusion became general. As the Stones River meanders toward McFaddens Ford, it curls slightly westward
before looping abruptly to the north. There a belt of timber
channelized the approaching Southerners, and the brigades
of Hanson, now led by Colonel Robert B. Trabue, and Pillow
conjoined. As one Orphan Brigade soldier noted, In the
madness of pursuit all order and discipline was forgotten.
The Federals on the west bank of the river readied themselves to repel the wave roaring toward them. At McFaddens Ford, General Negley returned a cheer from his men
with a promise of revenge. Boys, he shouted, You will
have an opportunity to pay them back for what they did on
Wednesday [December 31]. As was his custom at stressful
moments, General Rosecrans responded with gallant but
marginally productive histrionics. To Negley, he blurted,
Sir, they have turned me back, and all depends on you.
Bypassing the chain of command, he scraped together all
WKH LGOH XQLWV KH FRXOG QG DQG VHQW WKHP WRZDUG WKH
imperiled left.
Old Rosy came galloping down the [Nashville] pike
where we lay, the sweat pouring down his face, recalled a
Wisconsin colonel. Summoning brigade commander Colo-
30
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
GRXEWIXOWREHJLQZLWK0XVWHULQJLPV\HYLGHQFHDQGRXWright lies, Bragg in turn blamed Breckinridge for the failure of the January 2 assault. The two generals engaged in
an unseemly war of words that ended only with Breckinridges transfer to another theater in May 1863.
The common soldier of the Army of Tennessee knew
where the blame rested. During the retreat, Bragg encountered a straggling infantryman. The general asked him if
he belonged to Braggs army. Braggs army, came the insubordinate reply. Hes got none; he shot half of them in
Kentucky, and the other got killed at Murfreesboro.
Peter Cozzens, a regular contributor to Americas Civil
War, is the author of No Better Place to Die: The Battle of
Stones River. He lives in Kensington, Md.
TWO
Ill-Fated
Charges
PICKETTS CHARGE
(Getysburg: July 3, 1863)
Confederate Forces Involved: 13,500
Union Defenders: Approx. 7,000
Union Artillery: 24 guns
Confederate Casualties: 5,6006,000
(approx. 1,200 killed)
Union Casualties: Approx. 1,500
Notable Deaths:
Confederates: Maj. Gen. Robert Garnet;
Brig. Gen. Lewis Armistead
Union: Colonel Eliakim Sherrill
BRECKINRIDGES CHARGE
(Stones River: Jan. 2, 1863)
Confederate Forces Involved: Approx. 5,200
Union Defenders: Approx. 6,500-7,500
Union Artillery: 58 guns
Confederate Casualties: 1,2002,072 total*
Union Casualties: Approx. 1,200
Notable Deaths:
Confederates: Brig. Gen. Roger Hanson
*Breckinridges oicial count: 268 killed,
1,428 wounded, 376 missing; Hardee: 1,200
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
31
WorldMags.net
Crack Shots
Michigans Indian Marksmen
Were a Constant Terror for
Southern Soldiers
By Brian King
WorldMags.net
Dead Aim
The .45-caliber Morgan James
ULHDERYHZLWKLWVVLJQDWXUH
VFRSHEHFDPHDZHDSRQRI
FKRLFHDJDLQVWXQZLWWLQJ
&RQIHGHUDWHVIRUWKHVW
0LFKLJDQ6KDUSVKRRWHUV
WorldMags.net
*HQ6WDQG:DWLHV&KHURNHHVZKRZRQWKH6HFRQG%DWWOH
RI &DELQ &UHHN LQ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH 8QLRQV
PRVWQRWRULRXVEDQGRI,QGLDQVZDV+HQU\%HUU\/RZU\V
/XPEHHJXHUULOODVZKRIRXJKWWRFXUWDLOWKHHQVODYHPHQW
DQGPXUGHURI$PHULFDQ,QGLDQVDQG$IULFDQ$PHULFDQVLQ
1RUWK&DUROLQD
7\SLFDOO\FDWHJRUL]HGDV&RORUHG7URRSVE\WKH8QLRQ
EHFDXVH RI WKHLU GDUNHU VNLQ ,QGLDQV KDG WR SURYH WKHP
VHOYHVDVFRPSHWHQWVROGLHUVMXVWDVEODFNWURRSVGLG%XWE\
WKH1RUWKGHVSHUDWHO\QHHGHGPRUHPHQDQG0LFKL
JDQZDVORRNLQJWROOLWVTXRWDRIQHZUHFUXLWV$VUHFUXLW
LQJDJHQWVFULVVFURVVHGWKHVWDWHVHDUFKLQJIRUYROXQWHHUV
WKH\ZHUHQDOO\UHDG\WRHQOLVW,QGLDQV
2Q -XO\ GXULQJ D FHOHEUDWLRQ LQ 3HQWZDWHU
0LFK&DSWDLQ(GZLQ$QGUHVVLQWHUSUHWHGE\&KLHI3D\
%DZ0HVSRNHWRWKH2WWDZDFRPPXQLW\DERXWWKHQHHG
IRU PRUH VKDUSVKRRWHUV LQ WKH 8QLRQ $UP\ $QGUHVV KDG
KLVZRUNFXWRXWIRUKLPWRFRQYLQFHWKHVHSHRSOHWRJKW
IRUWKH)HGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWJLYHQWKDWWKHFURZGKHZDV
DGGUHVVLQJ KDG RQO\ UHFHQWO\ EHHQ UHORFDWHG IURP WKHLU
YLOODJHV RQ WKH *UDQG 5LYHU QRUWK WR 3HQWZDWHU VR WKDW
ZKLWHIDUPHUVFRXOGVHWWOHRQWKHLUULFKULYHUIDUPODQGLQ
ZHVWHUQ 0LFKLJDQ ,QGHHG WKHVH ,QGLDQV ZHUH QRW HYHQ
Soon after the war EHJDQ LQ VRPH 2MLEZH $PHULFDQ FLWL]HQV %XW $QGUHVV KDG EHHQ HQFRXUDJHG WR
&KLSSHZD DQG 2WWDZD PHQ KDG WULHG WR MRLQ WKH 8QLRQ QG,QGLDQUHFUXLWVLQ0LFKLJDQE\*DUUHWW*UDYHUDHWWKH
VRQRIWKH%HDU5LYHUEDQGFKLHI0DQNHZHQDQDQG6RSKLH
$UP\LQ0LFKLJDQQHDUWKH6WUDLWVRI0DFNLQDFEXWSXE
%DLOH\ %RUQ DQG UDLVHG LQ WKH PXOWLHWKQLF
OLFVHQWLPHQWIXHOHGE\ZLGHVSUHDGSUHMXGLFH
WUDGLQJ VRFLHW\ RQ 0DFNLQDF ,VODQG *UDYHU
WKHQ EORFNHG ,QGLDQV IURP MRLQLQJ $Q
Four of a Kind
DHWVSRNH2WWDZDDQG2MLEZHGLDOHFWVDVZHOO
HGLWRULDO SXEOLVKHG E\ WKH Detroit AdvertisThe IX Corps 2nd
DV (QJOLVK DQG )UHQFK +H WDXJKW WKH /LWWOH
er and Tribune HFKRHG SXEOLF FRQFHUQ DERXW
'LYLVLRQVDJIHD7UDYHUVH%D\2WWDZDLQ+DUERU6SULQJVDQG
,QGLDQV RQ WKH EDWWOHHOG >$@V D UDFH WKH\
tured a red cannon
over a blue anchor on
KHNQHZWKDWPHQIURPWKHZHVWHUQ0LFKLJDQ
>,QGLDQV@KDYHQRWUHDFKHGWKDWGHJUHHRIFLYL
a white shield. The
2WWDZDEDQGVDQGWKH&KLSSHZDIURP,VDEHO
OL]DWLRQ ZKLFK VKRXOGSODFH WKHP WR DOO WKH
other three divisions
OD5HVHUYDWLRQZHUHHDJHUWRVLJQXS,QIDFW
ULJKWV WR FLWL]HQVKLS$W EHVW WKH\ DUH EXW
3HQWZDWHU2WWDZDPHQVLJQHGRQZLWKWKH
VHPLFLYLOL]HG7KH\DUHDSRRULJQRUDQWDQG used the same pattern
but with other colors.
8QLRQ $UP\ WKDW YHU\ GD\ LQFOXGLQJ PDQ\
GHSHQGHQW UDFH 7KH Detroit Free Press con
IURPIDPLOLHVWKDWVWLOOH[LVW)URP/LWWOH7UD
FXUUHGLQWKDWYLHZ
YHUVH%D\QLQHPHQHQOLVWHGDQGIURPWKH,V
1HDUO\ ,QGLDQV ZRXOG LQ IDFW VHUYH
DEHOOD5HVHUYDWLRQKHUHFUXLWHG&KLSSHZD
GXULQJWKH&LYLO:DUJKWLQJDORQJVLGHERWK
PHQ 7KH W\SLFDO UHFUXLW ZDV RU \HDUV
8QLRQ DQG &RQIHGHUDWH IRUFHV WKRXJK WKH
ROG $IWHU FDQYDVVLQJ WRZQV DFURVV WKH VWDWH
5HEHOV ZHUH PRUH OLNHO\ WR DFFHSW WKHP LQWR
$QGUHVVUHFUXLWHGDWRWDORIPHQFRPSULV
WKHLU UDQNVIURP 7KRPDV /HJLRQ RI
LQJ&RPSDQ\.WKH,QGLDQ6KDUSVKRRWHUV
&KHURNHH PHQ LQ ZHVWHUQ 1RUWK &DUROLQD
:K\GLGWKH\MRLQ"6RPHKDYHVXJJHVWHGWKH
DQG HDVWHUQ 7HQQHVVHH WR &RQIHGHUDWH %ULJ
IROORZHGZLWKPDQ\RIWKHZKLWHVROGLHUVTXLFNWRGLVPLVV
WKHPRXWULJKWDVGUXQNDUGVDQGGULIWHUV%\ZDUVHQG
KRZHYHU &RPSDQ\ .V ZDUULRUV ZRXOG SURYH WKHPVHOYHV
PRUHWKDQZRUWK\DVFRPUDGHVLQDUPV
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
33
WorldMags.net
OHU\PHQRUVKDUSVKRRWHUV/HHV&RQIHGHUDWHVKDUSVKRRWHUV
Indians were afraid that they might be enslaved by a victowould soon be trading shots with the 1st Michigan. While
rious South. But it seems more likely that these young men
WKH\ERWKHQJDJHGLQVQLSLQJDWRIFHUVDQGDUWLOOHU\PHQ
desired recognition and respect from the U.S. government.
the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters were also used as scouts,
7KH\ZHUHKRSLQJWKDWWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQVZRXOGVWRSRIpickets and skirmishers.
cials from displacing themand perhaps lead to the recov%RWK&RQIHGHUDWHDQG8QLRQVKDUSVKRRWHUVXVHGDZLGH
ery of their land.
YDULHW\ RI ULHV ZLWK GLIIHULQJ DFFXUDF\ 7KH PHQ RI WKH
Anxious to get into battle after training near Kalama1st Michigan were issued either breech-loading .52-calizoo, the regiment was sent to Fort Wayne, in Detroit, for
EHU6KDUSVULHVRUFDOLEHU0RUJDQ-DPHV
QDO SUHSDUDWLRQV &KLHI 1RFNNHFKLFNIDZ
WDUJHW ULHV ZLWK WHOHVFRSLF VLJKWV 6RPH
PHZKRWUDYHOHGWR'HWURLWWRVSHDNWR&RPhowever, were issued the common infantry
pany K, told the men: We are descendants of
6SULQJHOGULHPXVNHWZKLFKKDGDQDFFXUDbraves, who united with our younger brothers,
cy range of only about 200 yards.
the Ottawas, and drove the powerful tribes
8VLQJ EUHHFKORDGLQJ ULHV PRVW RIWHQ WKH
now beyond the great river from these our
6KDUSV VKDUSVKRRWHUV FRXOG UH VKRWV
once beautiful hunting grounds. Be heroic and
a minute and not have to stand erect to reEUDYH +DYH FRQGHQFH LQ WKH *UHDW 6SLULW
load. This meant that they could shoot from
and when you die your forefathers will welconcealed locations, for example perched in a
come you to the spirit land as brave sons.
tree or lying down behind earthworks, with
(DUO\WKDWVDPH\HDU*HQHUDO5REHUW(/HH
minimal exposure.
KDG PDQGDWHG WKDW HDFK $UP\ RI 1RUWKHUQ
One of Their Own
Sharpshooters in general were popular
9LUJLQLDLQIDQWU\EULJDGHVKRXOGHOGDVKDUSGarrett A. Graveraet,
during the war, thanks in no small part to the
shooting battalion. These sharpshooters, with
Company Ks
famous Berdans Sharpshooters, regiments
WKHLU:KLWZRUWKWDUJHWULHVDFWHGPRUHOLNH
American Indian
RIVNLOOHGPDUNVPHQIRUPHGE\&RORQHO+LUDP
WRGD\V VQLSHUVGLUHFWHG WR VKRRW DW VSHFLF
1st Lieutenant
Berdan. The 1st Michigan had more Indians in
WDUJHWVVXFKDV8QLRQRIFHUVORRNRXWVDUWLO-
34
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
its ranks than any other Michigan
unit. Once they joined Union ranks,
the press often mentioned the Indians in a more positive tone than
had been used in the past.
Despite the Wildernesss heavy casualties and inconclusive results, Grant was determined to press on. He ordered
WKH$UP\RIWKH3RWRPDFWRVZLQJDURXQGWKHULJKWDQN
of Lees army and continue the campaign, moving south toward Richmond.
On May 12 at Spotsylvania Court House, Brig. Gen.
Orlando B. Willcox of the IX Corps 3rd Division ordered
WKHVW6KDUSVKRRWHUVDORQJZLWKWKHWK0LFKLJDQDQG
WKH WK 3HQQV\OYDQLD UHJLPHQWV DQG &RORQHO -RKQ )
+DUWUDQIWVVW%ULJDGHWRDGYDQFHWRZDUGWKH&RQIHGHUate line. They progressed just to the right of what would
become known as the Bloody Angle. Lee and his army
KDG DUULYHG DW 6SRWV\OYDQLD UVW EXLOW IRUWLFDWLRQV DQG
were ready for the Federals. When the battle began, gone
in an instant was the romantic image of the sharpshooter
SHUFKHGLQUHODWLYHVDIHW\RIDWUHHULQJDWWKHHQHP\IURP
\DUGVDZD\7KH0LFKLJDQ6KDUSVKRRWHUVZHUHQRZ
JRLQJLQWREDWWOHDVIURQWOLQHLQIDQWU\PHQJKWLQJWKURXJK
DVWRUPRI&RQIHGHUDWHULHDQGDUWLOOHU\UH
&RQIHGHUDWH%ULJ*HQ-DPHV+/DQHVEULJDGHRI1RUWK
Carolinians moved out of their defensive works and into
WKHRDNZRRGVRQWKHVKDUSVKRRWHUVOHIWDQN7KHVKDUSshooters had been on the far right of the Union advance,
ULQJIURPEHKLQGUDLOVDQGWUHHOLPEV\DUGVIURPWKH
Confederate salient. But their advance, so close to breaking
WKH&RQIHGHUDWHOLQHZDVKDOWHGLPPHGLDWHO\E\FURVVUH
from Lanes Brigade. Cannons from behind the Confederate defenses bombarded them head on. The trees that the
sharpshooters sheltered behind were pulverized or uprootHG E\ FDQQRQ UH VHQGLQJ VSOLQWHUV \LQJ 7KH 0LFKLJDQ
soldiers were soon in danger of being overrun.
7KH 1RUWK &DUROLQD 7DU +HHOV ZHUH IDPRXV IRU WKHLU
war cry, but at this point they heard a cry from the Union
soldiers that was even more piercing. It came from the Ottawa and Chippewa sharpshooters, warning their enemies
that the Indians were determined to stand their ground.
After their courageous holding action, the sharpshooters
were ordered by Willcox to withdraw to the edge of the
woods behind the cover of logs, where their ammunition
was replenished. The Army of the Potomacs white soldiers
later cited the incredible bravery of the Indians of Company K in that action and others. One of the foremost warriors, Daniel Mwa-ke-we-naw of the Little Traverse Bay
region, reportedly killed not less than 32 rebels before he
ZDVZRXQGHGDQGFRXOGQRORQJHUUHKLVJXQ
Company K lost 17 sharpshooters, while in all the 1st
Michigan Sharpshooters lost some 55 men. A newspaper
report claimed that a company of civilized Indians at Spotsylvania in command of the gallant and lamented young
Gravaraet, an educated half-breed, as brave a band of warriors as ever struck a warpath, suffered dreadfully, but
never faltered nor moved, sounding the war whoop with evHU\YROOH\DQGWKHLUXQHUULQJDLPTXLFNO\WDXJKWWKHUHEHOV
they were standing on dangerous ground.
Despite the fact that newspapers tended to embellish
battle accounts, it was becoming clear to the public that the
,QGLDQV ZHUH UHPDUNDEOH JKWLQJ PHQ &RPSDQ\ . ZDV
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
35
WorldMags.net
Spring Training
Detroits Fort Wayne,
where the 1st
Michigan
Sharpshooters,
including Company K,
trained before being
VHQWHDVWWRJKW
36
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
scores of men by this time, though they did not move from
their position behind the earthworks.
More Union soldiers continued to charge the ruined
works, including the only men trained in advance to charge
into the craterthe U.S. Colored Troops of Brig. Gen. Edward Ferreros 4th Division. Also joining the attack were
the 20th Michigan of Hartranfts brigade and remnants
from Connecticut, New York and Massachusetts brigades.
During the furious close-range battle, many Union soldiers
stumbled or fell into the crater after being shot. The attacking formations lost cohesion, and the chaotic scene resulted
in a mixture of shattered Union units. Many soldiers lay
dead in the mud, their own men stepping on them, scramEOLQJWRJKWRUWRZLWKGUDZIURPWKHFUDWHUVEDFNHQG,Q
the 150 yards of no mans land between the lines, Union
VROGLHUVZHUHKREEOLQJRUFUDZOLQJXQGHUKHDY\UHWRZDUG
their own line.
James Randall of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters wrote:
7KH ,QGLDQV ZHUH VLQJOHG RXW IRU WKHLU FRPSRVXUH XQGHU
DGYHUVLW\7KHRIFHUVKDGWURXEOHIRUFLQJVRPHPHQXSWR
WKHEUHDVWZRUNVWRUHSHO&RQIHGHUDWHDWWDFNVEXWWKH,Q
GLDQVVKRZHGJUHDWFRROQHVV7KH\ZRXOGUHDWD-RKQQ\
then drop down. Would peek over the works and try to see
the effect of their shot. Some Company K men fell into the
FUDWHUDIWHUULQJ,QNHHSLQJZLWKWKHLUWUDGLWLRQVWKRVH
who had been mortally wounded pulled their shirts over
their faces and chanted a death song as they died.
$WWKLVSRLQWWKUHHRIWKHVKDUSVKRRWHUVZHUHVWLOOULQJ
IURPEHKLQGWKHLUIRUWLFDWLRQVDW0DKRQHV&RQIHGHUDWHV
covering their fellow soldiers who were desperately trying
to reach the Union line. Only in such a confusing battle did
a Company K Native American end up shooting alongside
WZRZKLWHVW0LFKLJDQVROGLHUV7KH,QGLDQZDV$QWRLQH
UNIT
BATTLES / CAMPAIGNS
UNIT
BATTLES / CAMPAIGNS
Pamunkey (Virginia)
(descendants of
the Powhatan)
Lumbee
Peninsula Campaign
Seneca / Tuscarora
Onondaga
Oneida / Stockbridge
57th Pennsylvania
14th Wisconsin
Catawba
Catawba/Eastern Band of Cherokee
Cherokees/Seminoles (Indian Territory)
Choctaw/Chickasaw
Union
Tribes
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
37
WorldMags.net
Lesson Learned
Ulysses Grant, pictured
here in 1863, gained
valuable experience at
%HOPRQWKLVUVWWUXH
test as a commander
rising
star
ulysses grant delivered
only a glancing blow at
belmont, but the long-term
results were salutary
By Eric Ethier
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
39
WorldMags.net
Before being relieved of duty, Western Department commander Maj. Gen. John Frmont instructed Grant not to tangle with
the Rebels at Columbus, Ky. With Frmont gone, Grant couldnt pass up a golden opportunity to move on nearby Belmont.
40
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
Overrun
7KHQG,OOLQRLVVWRUPVLQWR&DPS
-RKQVWRQHDUO\LQWKHEDWWOHLQD
GUDZLQJIURPWKH'HFHPEHU
HGLWLRQRIHarpers Weekly
Tough Lady
The Rebels giant
Lady Polk cannon
FRXOGUHRQHRIWKHVH
SRXQGHUVKHOOVXS
WRWKUHHPLOHV
Key Diversion
The gunboat USS
Tyler leads an attack
RQHQHP\EDWWHULHV
DFURVVWKH0LVVLVVLSSL
DV8QLRQWURRSVEHJLQ
WRGLVHPEDUNXSULYHU
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
41
WorldMags.net
+DG*UDQWVVROGLHUVQRWVWRSSHGWRHQMR\WKHVSRLOVDW&DPS-RKQVWRQ%HOPRQWPLJKWZHOOKDYHJLYHQKLPKLVUVW&LYLO
:DUYLFWRU\7KHGHOD\DOORZHGD5HEHOFRXQWHUDWWDFNWKDWIRUFHGWKH)HGHUDOVWRPDNHDJKWLQJUHWUHDWEDFNWRWKHLUEDVH
42
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
FIGHT FACTS
Fall From Grace
Brigadier General
Gideon Pillow was
hailed as a hero for
stopping the Union
attack at Belmont.
Three months later
he relinquished
FRPPDQGDQGHG
amid the desperate
JKWLQJDW
Fort Donelson.
Battle of
BELMONT
NOVEMBER 7, 1861
Campaign
Mississippi River operations
Forces Engaged
Commanders
Confederate: Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk;
Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow
Union: Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Estimated
Casualties
Confederate: 641
Union: 607
Outcome
Inconclusive
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
43
PORTFOLIO
WorldMags.net
now
boys,
we
will
have
some
fun
terrys texas
rangers Enj0yed
Harassing the
Yankees in the
western theater
By Donald L. Barnhart Jr.
44
Colonel Thomas Harrison scanned the Union cavalry with his eld glasses. He could see the Yankee
horsemen had their sabers drawn and were assembling for a charge. Then the colonel turned toward
his own command, a group of Texans spoiling for a
ght. Smiling, he told them: Now boys, we will have
some fun. There is a regiment out there preparing to charge
us armed with sabers. Let them come nearly close enough to
strike and then feed them with buckshot. Such were the tactics of one of the wars most efective cavalry units: the 8th
Texas Cavalry, beter known as Terrys Texas Rangers.
Organized under sugar planter Benjamin F. Terry on September 9, 1861, the 8th Texas was made up of cowboys, farmers, shopkeepers and former Texas Rangers. Many of the men
were college educated, but all were masters at riding horses
and shooting revolvers. For practical reasons, the Rangers
spurned swords in favor of repower. Each horseman was
armed with a double-barrel shotgun, or carbine, and three
or four Colt revolvers. Their mounts came from the farms of
Tennessee and Kentuckyfast, hardy thoroughbreds. They
wore homespun gray or buternut jackets trimmed in red,
with wide-brimmed hats that bore the lone star pin, a staple
on Texas uniforms.
Leaving Houston, the Rangers traveled to Nashville, Tenn.
At the time, cavalry units were needed to shore up tenuous
Confederate defenses in Kentucky. A reckless charge at the
whistle-stop of Woodsonville led to the early death of their
beloved commander. Ater two brief replacements, Tom Harrison (dubbed Old Iron Sides) would command the group
until the wars end.
The Rangers fought in every major campaign in the Western
Theater, serving mostly as scouts, pickets and raiders. One
Union officer who had seen them in action recalled, So sudden
was the charge, shooting our men with carbines and revolvers,
that they had no time to reload or x bayonets. Ater their
nal batle at Bentonville, N.C., most of the Rangers opted to
head back to Texas rather than make a formal surrender.
ACW thanks Ray Richey and Cindy Harriman of the
Texas Civil War Museum for their help with this article.
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
Give Me Shade!
5DQJHUVSUHIHUUHGZLGHEULPPHGVORXFKKDWVVLPLODUWRWKLVRQHPDGH
RIIXUIHOWSUREDEO\EHDYHU1RWHWKHEUDVVVWDUZLWK7(;$6VSHOOHG
RXWRQLWVYHSRLQWV7KLVKDWGLGQRWEHORQJWRDPHPEHURI
7HUU\V7H[DV5DQJHUVEXWLWLVW\SLFDORIWKRVHWKHXQLWZRUH
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
45
PORTFOLIO
WorldMags.net
Veterans Reunited
Following the war,
surviving 8th
Texas Cavalrymen
commissioned
this monument,
which was sculpted
by Pompeo Coppini.
Dedicated to their
fellow horsemen, the
memorial was installed on the Capitol
grounds in Austin in
1907. Shown here are
former Rangers and
their wives who
gathered for a
reunion in 1923.
46
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
Battleeld Booty
The inscription on these binoculars, which
were owned by Ranger J.P. Harris of the 8th
Texas Cavalrys Company B, explains that
they were captured from Lieutenant L.W.
Lytle of Company K, 11th Kentucky Cavalry
(U.S.), in November 1864.
Pracical Weapon
Though the Rangers
eschewed swords in
the saddle, many
probably carried
into battle personal
weapons similar to
this stout deer antler
knife, also owned by
Private R.B. Shipp.
Handy Reservoir
Private R.B. Shipp, from Bastrop County, Texas, owned this
leather cap box, which is marked with an R for Ranger.
Shipp served in the 8th Texas Cavalrys Company D.
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
47
WorldMags.net
blood
for
salt
raids on southern salt works
hastened the wars end
By Steven Bernstein
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
50
WorldMags.net
Seasoned Raider
In September 1864, Union
Maj. Gen. Stephen G.
Burbridge led 5,200 cavalrymen from Kentucky into
Virginia, looking to raid
Confederate salt works.
WorldMags.net
Appalachian
Treasure
The works at
Saltville, where
two-thirds of the
Confederacys
yearly requirement
of sodium chloride
originated, was
situated in the remote
highlands of Smyth
County, Va.
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
51
WorldMags.net
Hard Divide
The loss of western
Virginia early in
the war denied
the Confederacy
access not only to
the regions ample
supplies of coal and
lead but also to salt,
which was harvested
primarily in the
Kanawha Valley.
In 1850 the Old
Dominion produced
3,478,890 bushels a
year36 percent of
the nations supply.
Union control of West
Virginia left Saltville
as Virginias lone
salt repository, which
at its peak in 1864
boasted 38 furnaces
capable of generating
up to 4 million
bushels per year.
federates anticipated a major attack soon thereafter, parthe Holston Rivers north fork, in the remote Appalachian
ticularly since the works were situated on the boundary
highlands of Smyth County, Saltville produced 4 million
EHWZHHQ WZR PLOLWDU\ GLVWULFWV ZKLFK PHDQW RQH RIFHU
bushels of salt (200 million pounds) annually, two-thirds of
was responsible for defending the works while another was
the Souths yearly wartime requirement.
responsible for defending the approach routes. In fact, no
The Campbell family began commercial salt production
raids materialized until September 1864.
there in 1782, but by April 1861 the works were owned by
Early on September 20, a force of 5,200
Stuart, Buchanan & Co., which contracted
Union
cavalrymen led by Maj. Gen. Stephen G.
with the Confederate government to supply
Southern Support
Burbridge
left Mount Sterling, Ky., for Salt22,000 bushels of salt each month to the Army.
Cavalrymen under
ville.
Burbridge
owned many slaves, and inThe quality was excellent, and soon eight ConConfederate Brig.
cluded
in
his
raiding
force were 600 men of the
federate states, including Virginia, had arGen. John S.
Williams reinforced
still-organizing 5th U.S. Colored Cavalry, and
ranged to purchase salt or were conducting
Saltvilles defenders
some from the 6th USCC, the 12th Ohio Cavaltheir own operations at Saltville. Since the
before Burbridges
ry, the 11th Michigan Cavalry and various
enormous daily output was too much for the
raiders could reach
Kentucky units. As Kentuckys military adVirginia & Tennessee Railroad to transport,
the works.
ministrator, Burbridge had earned the enmity
wagons clogged the roads for miles around the
of state residents by forcing farmers to sell proZRUNV EULQJLQJ LQ UHZRRG IRU WKH IXUQDFHV
duce at below-market prices and also making
and making deliveries on return trips. Saltthem pay for depredations by local guerrillas
villes importance to the Confederacy increased
and arresting anyone suspected of opposing
after other works had been destroyed.
Lincolns reelection.
By 1863, Union commanders had Saltville in
Anticipating a visit by Adj. Gen. Lorenzo
their sights. On July 17 a Federal raid led by
Thomas, who organized black Union units in
Colonel John Toland was repulsed after the
the Mississippi Valley, Burbridge believed capcolonel was killed at nearby Wytheville. In
turing Saltville would redeem his tarnished
May 1864 another raid, led by Brig. Gen.
reputation. Meanwhile Burbridges superior,
George Crook and Brig. Gen. William Averell,
0DM*HQ-RKQ06FKRHOGRUGHUHG%ULJ*HQ
was repulsed near Wytheville by Rebel Brig.
Jacob Ammen to hold the southwestern apGen. John Hunt Morgans cavalry. The Con-
52
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
proach to SaltvilleBulls Gap, Tenn.while another Federal force led by Brig. Gen. Alvan Gillem was to attack Jonesborough, Tenn. Both were then to advance on Saltville.
Opposing Burbridge were 400 troops under Colonel Henry L. Giltner, augmented by a few hundred men from the
13th Battalion, Virginia Reserves. Guerrillas attacked the
rear of Burbridges column as it made its way toward Saltville, interfering with communications from Ammen and
Gillemand also causing Burbridge to miss Maj. Gen. William T. Shermans order to abandon the raid and head to
1DVKYLOOHWRJKW1DWKDQ%HGIRUG)RUUHVWVFDYDOU\
Burbridges force spent a harrowing night crossing Laurel Mountain on September 29. As they followed a narrow,
winding trail in a thunderstorm in the dark, the mounts of
eight troopers plunged off the path, killing horses and riders. At that point 4,300-foot-high Clinch Mountain and
/RZ*DSVWLOOOD\EHIRUHWKHP'XULQJWKDWGLIFXOWPDUFK
Burbridges white troops mercilessly harassed the 5th
USCC troops traveling with them, but the black soldiers
did not respond in kind.
Early on October 1, Burbridges force met the main body
of Giltners Brigade, forcing the Confederates to retreat.
The Federals made their way through Low Gap, where
towering cliffs dominated the road. At sunset, when they
ZHUHIHZHUWKDQYHPLOHVIURP6DOWYLOOH%XUEULGJHRSWHG
to make camp. Had he advanced at that point, he might
have easily captured the lightly defended salt works. But
early the next morning, Confederate Brig. Gen. John S.
Williams 1,700 cavalrymen, 400 local militia led by Lt.
Col. Robert T. Preston, along with 300 raw recruits from
Abingdonjoined the defenders. Among them was an unDIOLDWHGSDUWLVDQUDQJHUFRPSDQ\OHGE\DQRWRULRXVJXHUrilla, Captain Champ Ferguson.
Thus when morning came, Burbridges 5,200 troops on
the Holston Rivers north bank faced 2,800 Rebels on the
VRXWKEDQN)LHUFHJKWLQJHQVXHGIRUVHYHUDOKRXUVVRPH
hand-to-hand, and an artillery duel also took place between
the Union batteries and guns on the Confederate left. Immediately after crossing the Holston, the Federals halted to
UHIRUP5HEHOSLFNHWVRYHUKHDUGDKLJKUDQNLQJ8QLRQRIFHUWHOOPHPEHUVRIWKHWK86&&WRJKWZHOOLQWKLV\RXU
UVWEDWWOHDGGLQJWKDWWKHGHVWUXFWLRQRIWKHVDOWZRUNV
ZDVZRUWKPRUHWRWKHPWKDQWKHFDSWXUHRI5LFKPRQG
Burbridge sent Colonel Robert W. Ratliffs 1,500-man
4th Brigade against the enemy right, in pursuit of Giltners
SLFNHWV$GYDQFLQJLQWKUHHOLQHVDQGJKWLQJWKHLUZD\XS
2,170-foot-high Sanders Hill, the 4th consisted of the 12th
Ohio, 11th Michigan and 5th USCC regiments. They encountered elements of the 8th and 11th Texas Cavalry, led
by Brig. Gen. Felix Robertson, and Colonel George Dibrells
Tennessee cavalry. After resisting for a time, the Confederates retreated up the hill and across Cedar Creek, a tributary of the Holston. With the 5th USCC in the lead, Ratliffs men charged uphill toward the Rebel breastworks. A
few of Dibrells troops, enraged at the sight of the black
troops, paid with their lives as they leapt over the breast-
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
53
WorldMags.net
PRUHZHUHPXUGHUHGZKLOHDWKLUGUHSRUWSXW
ZRUNV SLVWROV LQ KDQG 7KUHH KRXUV RI HUFH
WKH QXPEHU NLOOHG DW 2Q 2FWREHU DQG
JKWLQJHQVXHGZLWKWKH&RQIHGHUDWHVFRQFHQ2FWREHU WKH Richmond Daily DisWUDWLQJWKHLUUHRQWKHWK86&&7KHEODFN
patch FODLPHG WKDW EODFN VROGLHUV ZHUH
WURRSVGLVWLQJXLVKHGWKHPVHOYHVLQWKDWJKW
EXULHG RQ WKH EDWWOHHOG WKH QH[W GD\ %XW
ZLQQLQJDFFRODGHVIURPWKHLURIFHUV
ZKLOHWKHFODLPRIYHVHHPVPXFKWRRORZ
6KRUWO\WKHUHDIWHU5REHUWVRQZLWKGUHZIDULVDOVROLNHO\DQH[DJJHUDWLRQ
WKHUXSWKHKLOOZLWKRXWWHOOLQJ'LEUHOOFUHDW5HFHQWO\ XQFRYHUHG HYLGHQFH VXSSRUWV WKH
LQJ D JDS LQ WKH 5HEHO OLQH :KHQ WKH WK
FODLPWKDWPHQZHUHPDVVDFUHG$UHVHDUFK
2KLR SHUKDSV DVVLVWHG E\ WKH WK 86&&
WHDP OHG E\ 'DYLG %URZQ JUHDWJUHDWJUDQGFKDUJHG WKURXJK WKH JDS 'LEUHOOV 7HQQHV
VRQRIWK86&&WURRSHU6DPXHO7UXHKDUWH[VHDQVE\WKDWWLPHORZRQDPPXQLWLRQZHUH
DPLQHGSUHYLRXVO\XQNQRZQUHFRUGVLQFOXGLQJ
IRUFHG EDFN WR WKH ULGJHWRS 5DWOLIIV WURRSV
WKHUHSRUWRIWK86&&VXUJHRQ:LOOLDP(JOH
ZKRZHUHFXWRIIIURPVXSSOLHVDFURVVWKHULYHU
ZKLFKUHFRUGVWKHQDPHVRISUHYLRXVO\XQKDGDOVRQHDUO\UXQRXWRIEXOOHWV$WSPWKH
NQRZQ WURRSV OLVWHG DV PLVVLQJ DW ZDUV HQG
&RQIHGHUDWHV UHWUHDWHG FORVH WR WKH SHULPHWHU
$ORQJZLWKRWKHUGRFXPHQWV(JOHVUHSRUWVXSRI WKH VDOW ZRUNV DV 5DWOLIIV WURRSHUV JDLQHG
SRUWVWKHFRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKHUHPD\KDYHEHHQ
WKHULGJHWRSZLWKNLOOHGDQGZRXQGHG
DV PDQ\ DV 6DOWYLOOH 0,$ DQG WKDW DW
DQGPLVVLQJ$QHDUOLHUDWWDFNE\&RORQHO(+
OHDVW WR WK 86&& WURRSV ZHUH QHYHU
+REVRQV EULJDGH RQ WKH &RQIHGHUDWH FHQWHU
DFFRXQWHG IRU DIWHU WKH EDWWOH DQG DUH SUHKDG EHHQ UHSXOVHG DQG +REVRQ UHWUHDWHG Temporary Victory
VXPHGWRKDYHEHHQPXUGHUHGE\&RQIHGHUDWH
DFURVVWKH+ROVWRQ
Union Maj. Gen.
George Stoneman
UHQHJDGHV 7ZHQW\ ZKLWH WURRSV ZHUH XQDF7KH ZRUNV ZHUH QRZ WDQWDOL]LQJO\ FORVH LI
won the Second
FRXQWHGIRUDIWHUWKHEDWWOHDVZHOO2QHZKLWH
RQO\WKH)HGHUDOVKDGEURXJKWPRUHDPPXQLBattle of Saltville,
VROGLHU IURP WKH WK 2KLR &DYDOU\ 3ULYDWH
WLRQ DQG UDWLRQV %XW LQ KLV KDVW\ GHSDUWXUH
but salt production
&UDZIRUG +LQVKLOZRRG ZDV UHSRUWHGO\ NLOOHG
IURP .HQWXFN\ %XUEULGJH IDLOHG WR VHFXUH
HQRXJK RI HLWKHU 6RRQ WKH ULQJ IURP ERWK soon resumed there E\ &KDPS )HUJXVRQ DQG DQRWKHU PDQ IURP
though at
WKHWK0LFKLJDQ&DYDOU\ZDVDOVRNLOOHGWKDW
VLGHVVWRSSHG'HVSLWHKDYLQJIRUFHGWKH&RQreduced levels.
PRUQLQJ 2WKHU PHQ IURP WKH WK 2KLR DQG
IHGHUDWHV EDFN WR 6DOWYLOOHV SHULPHWHU %XUWK0LFKLJDQPD\KDYHPHWWKDWVDPHIDWH
EULGJH ZDV EHDWHQ -XVW EHIRUH WKH JKWLQJ
)HUJXVRQZDVWKHPRVWFRQVSLFXRXVEXWFKHUDW6DOWYLOOH
HQGHGKHQDOO\UHFHLYHG6KHUPDQVUHFDOORUGHU
2QFHDJDLQKXUU\LQJWROHDYHHYHQWKRXJKODWHDUULYLQJ $IWHU PXUGHULQJ D QXPEHU RI ZRXQGHG $IULFDQ$PHULFDQ
5HEHO XQLWV ZHUH WKHQ WKUHDWHQLQJ KLV IRUFHV%XUEULGJH WURRSVKHURGHWRWKHKRVSLWDODW(PRU\DQG+HQU\&ROOHJH
LQ QHDUE\ $ELQJGRQ ZKHUH KH NLOOHG WZR PRUH EODFN VROKHDGHG IRU 1DVKYLOOH OHDYLQJ KLV ZRXQGHG RQ WKH EDWWOHHOG DQG +REVRQ IDFLQJ D GLIFXOW UHWUHDW %\ WKDW WLPH GLHUV)HUJXVRQDOVRUHWXUQHGWKHQH[WGD\2FWREHUDQG
NLOOHGDZKLWHRIFHU/LHXWHQDQW(O]D&6PLWK)HUJXVRQ
KRZHYHU%ULJ*HQ-RKQ(FKROVWKH&RQIHGHUDWHGHSDUWPHQWFRPPDQGHUDQGKLVUHSODFHPHQW0DM*HQ-RKQ& ZRXOG HYHQWXDOO\ EH DUUHVWHG E\ )HGHUDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG
%UHFNLQULGJHZKRKDGVHUYHGDV86YLFHSUHVLGHQWIURP FKDUJHG ZLWK PXUGHULQJ EODFN WURRSV DQG /LHXWHQDQW
6PLWK+HZDVFRQYLFWHGRI6PLWKVPXUGHUDQGKDQJHGLQ
ZHUHRQWKHLUZD\WR6DOWYLOOH
1DVKYLOOH RQ 2FWREHU %XW %UHFNLQULGJH KDG GHEarly on theIRJJ\PRUQLQJRI2FWREHU3ULYDWH*HRUJH WHUPLQHG WKDW %ULJ *HQ 5REHUWVRQ ZDV DOVR UHVSRQVLEOH
'0RVJURYHKHDUGJXQUH7KH)HGHUDOVZHUHORQJJRQH IRUWKHPXUGHUVDQGPLJKWKDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHNLOOLQJ
EXW KH UHFDOOHG WKDW WKH ULQJ VZHOOHG WR WKH YROXPH RI VSUHH7KH&RQIHGHUDWH6HQDWHUHIXVHGWRFRQUP5REHUWWKDW RI D VNLUPLVK OLQH 0RVJURYH PDGH KLV ZD\ WR WKH VRQVORQJSHQGLQJQRPLQDWLRQWREULJDGLHUJHQHUDOEXWKH
PDQDJHGWRHYDGHMXVWLFHGXULQJWKH&RQIHGHUDF\VFKDRWLF
IURQWRI5REHUWVRQVDQG'LEUHOOVEULJDGHVZKHUHKHZLWQHVVHGWKH7HQQHVVHDQVNLOOLQJZRXQGHGEODFNWURRSVZKR ODVWGD\V
KDG EHHQ DEDQGRQHG E\ %XUEULGJH )HZ RI WKRVH PHQ HVFDSHG DQG QHLWKHU 5REHUWVRQ QRU 'LEUHOO WULHG WR SXW DQ Burbridges defeatDWWKH)LUVW%DWWOHRI6DOWYLOOHOHIWWKH
HQG WR WKH H[HFXWLRQV :KHQ %UHFNLQULGJH DUULYHG RQ WKH VDOWZRUNVVDIHXQWLODERXWPLG'HFHPEHU'HVSLWHKDYLQJ
EDWWOHHOGZLWK%ULJ*HQ%DVLO:'XNHWKHIRUPHUYLFH IHZHU WKDQ WURRSV WR GHIHQG D VTXDUHPLOH
SUHVLGHQWZDVHQUDJHGWRKHDUDERXWWKHPXUGHUHGHQHP\ DUHD %UHFNLQULGJH PDQDJHG WR FRQVROLGDWH KLV JULS RQ
WURRSVRUGHULQJWKHNLOOLQJWRVWRS%XWZKHQ%UHFNLQULGJH VRXWKZHVWHUQ 9LUJLQLD %XW WKH )HGHUDO RFFXSDWLRQ RI
URGH DZD\ LQ VHDUFK RI ZKRHYHU ZDV LQ FRPPDQG WKH %XOOV*DS7HQQDQDSSURDFKWR6DOWYLOOHOHGWKH&RQIHGHUDWHJHQHUDOWRODXQFKDQRIIHQVLYHRQ1RYHPEHU%UHFNVODXJKWHUUHVXPHG
%HFDXVHRIFRQLFWLQJHYLGHQFHH[DFWO\KRZPDQ\WURRSV LQULGJHVGDULQJPDQHXYHUVGURYHDVXSHULRU)HGHUDOIRUFH
ZHUH PDVVDFUHG ZLOO OLNHO\ QHYHU EH NQRZQ 2QH DFFRXQW XQGHU *HQHUDO *LOOHP HQWLUHO\ RXW RI HDVWHUQ 7HQQHVVHH
FODLPHGLWLVUHDVRQDEO\VDIHWRVD\WKDWRUPRUHZHUH DQGQHDUO\WR.QR[YLOOHDYLFWRU\WKDWFRQYLQFHGWKH)HGVODXJKWHUHG $QRWKHU VDLG WKDW YH DQG SUREDEO\ VHYHQ HUDOVWKH5HEHOJHQHUDOPXVWKDYHKDGEHWZHHQDQG
54
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
55
WorldMags.net
HERITAGE TRAVEL &
LIFESTYLE SHOWCASE
For free information about these advertisers, ill out the atached reply card.
Greeneville, TN
Founded in 1783, Greeneville has a rich
historical background as the home for
such important igures as Davy Crocket
and President Andrew Johnson. Plan your
visit now!
Richmond,
Kentucky
H I S T O R I C
Roswell, Georgia
Tishomingo County, MS
Fayeteville/Cumberland County, North
Carolina is steeped in history and patriotic traditions. Take a tour highlighting our
military ties, status as a transportation
hub, and our Civil War story.
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
History surrounds Cartersville, GA,
including Allatoona Pass, where a ierce
batle took place, and Coopers Furnace,
the only remnant of the bustling
industrial town of Etowah.
Cleveland, TN
Alabamas
Gulf Coast
Dstination
Jessamine, KY
Prestonsburg, KY - Civil War & history
atractions, and reenactment dates at
PrestonsburgKY.org. Home to Jenny
Wiley State Park, country music entertainment & Dewey Lake.
WorldMags.net
REVIEWS
WorldMags.net
58
WorldMags.net
REVIEWS
WorldMags.net
Besieged: Mobile 1865
much as usual despite the presence of the Union Navy on the citys
seaward doorstep ever since Admiral David G. Farragut had damned
the torpedoes and captured the three forts guarding Mobile Bay. Since
then, the Union area commander, Maj. Gen. Edward R.S. Canby, had
avoided moving against the city itself despite urging from Lt. Gen.
Ulysses S. Grantwho wanted Canby to get into the heart of Alabama.
The campaign to capture Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, the eastern
bastions protecting Mobile, is Russell Blounts focus in Besieged. He
writes with surety and dispatch about Canbys meticulously planned
two-pronged ofensive. Canby had more than 45,000 batle-hardened
veterans at his disposal, while his Confederate counterpart, Maj. Gen.
Dabney H. Maury, could muster only 4,000 infantry and 1,500
artillerymen. Add to these the untested members of the Alabama
Militia, Home Guard and miscellaneous cavalry units, and Maury had
barely 9,000 men and boys to hold his thin gray lines.
On March 25, Canby ordered his blue legions forward against the
rst objective, Spanish Fort. But ater initial skirmishing and a good
look at the formidable defenses,
Canby decides to stop his army where
they are, bring up supplies and
artillery, break out the spades and
axes, and dig in for a siege. For the
next 17 days, Blount recounts, not
a day or night will pass without an
increasing storm of missiles lling
the salty air over the fortications
protecting Mobile. He gives a
comprehensive account of the daily
routine of siege warfare that, in spite
of advances in armament, still closely
resembles its medieval roots. You
must dig, dig, dig. Nothing can save
us here but the spade, implored Brig.
Gen. Randall Gibson at Spanish Fort.
While both sides constructed
trenches, saps and bomb-proofs,
sharpshooters plied their trade.
Shallow water and accurate Rebel
gunnery prevented the Federal
Navy from completely sealing of
Spanish Fort. But Union numbers nally won out on April 9, with both
sides still unaware that Robert E. Lee had signed surrender terms. With
the war all but over, Canbys force sufered 657 needless casualties.
Confederate losses deed an accurate count.
Spanish Fort fell, but Canby bagged few prisoners, since most of the
defenders escaped to reinforce Fort Blakely. Canby was reinforced by
Union soldiers arriving from Florida, and the Confederate commander,
St. John Richardson Liddell, who had about 3,500 men, sent out futile
sorties, atempting to push back the Union lines. As Lee and Grant let
Appomatox Court House, the batle for Fort Blakely commenced.
Ater point-blank ring and hand-to-hand ghting, including
atacks by USCT troops seeking to avenge the massacre of black troops
at Fort Pillow, the campaign nally came to an end on April 12 when
Mobiles mayor surrendered the city. Ater entering Mobile,
newspaperman Whitelaw Reid wrote, The city is a sad picture to
contemplate. He could have been talking about the entire Confederacy.
Gordon Berg
WorldMags.net
MAY 2016
59
REVIEWS
WorldMags.net
My Greatest Quarrel
With Fortune: Major
General Lew Wallace
in the West, 1861-1862
By Charles G. Beemer
Kent State University,
2015, $39.95
VISITVICKSBURG
VisitVicksburg.com
WorldMags.net
(502) 349-0291
www.civil-war-museum.org
Email: museumrow@bardstowncable.net
REVIEWS
WorldMags.net
What does it take to lead men into batle? Why are some men successful at assuming
command when others fail? At the wars outset, thousands of young men without formal
military training had to quickly learn how to lead their friends and neighbors into life or
death situations. Andrew Bledsoe has done a prodigious amount of research to document
their struggle for authority, along with the delicate intellectual, psychological, and emotional balancing act necessary for maintaining it.
Bledsoe documents the steep learning curve required of the junior officer corps in both
the Union and Confederate armies and the challenges these men faced. Trust, he writes,
perhaps more than any other aspect of the military relationship depended on the
establishment of a personal connection between officers and their men. He ofers a wealth
of anecdotal examples of the ways junior officers achieved the trust and demanded the
discipline needed to command obedience from subordinate volunteers.
Bledsoe supplements those anecdotes with a data-driven sample of 150 junior officers
drawn from leters, manuscripts and military records. Casualties among those Union junior
officers sampled totaled 43.5 percent; for Confederate officers, it was 47.6 percent. Clearly
the best school for junior officers turned out to be the batleeld. By the summer of 1862,
Bledsoe maintains, The application of standards and training, along with valuable
experience accrued in combat, led to a gradual improvement in the combat and command
abilities in the junior-officer corps of both the Union and Confederate armies.
Civil War citizen-officers developed a unique interior culture during the war, Bledsoe
points out, a culture informed, in part, by the example of the regular-army officer corps.
This officer ethos changed as the war went on. Many new company-grade officers had
previously served in the ranks, giving them signicant experience to their positions, along
with an intrinsic understanding of the mentality of their enlisted volunteers.
Bledsoe pays his highest tribute to the men who served as volunteer junior officers by
describing how they returned home: They went to peace in much the same way as they
had gone to warwith litle guidance or instruction, armed mainly with their instincts,
natural aptitude, and the capacity to adapt to uncertain and changing circumstances.
Those admirable characteristics continue to dene American warriors to this day.
Gordon Berg
Citizen-Officers: The
Union and Confederate
Volunteer Junior
Officer Corps in the
American Civil War
Andrew S. Bledsoe
LSU Press, 2015, $47.50
<4/,",0)&4&23
<2&.54)&2'/2%
<&''29!&24
<2*".4&&,!*,,3
The conference will be headquartered at the Hilton Atlanta/Marietta Hotel & Conference Center
but will include excursions to battlefields and sites throughout the region.
REVIEWS
WorldMags.net
Those damn Yankees, why cant we beat them? George Rable turns a
memorable lament from a musical about baseball upside down in his latest
foray into the Souths cultural history. Beginning in the antebellum decades,
Rable concludes, Southerners routinely damned their Northern brethren in
newspapers, essays, diaries, leters, speeches, sermons and popular art. When
war nally came, everything Yankee had been demonized to the extent that
beating them was the only way to avoid social and cultural annihilation.
Rable, who previously authored a denitive military campaign history, as
well as comprehensive investigations of religion, gender issues and government
policy, explores a rich trove of primary source material to demonstrate how
pervasive the anti-Yankee invective becameregardless of age, wealth,
geography, or even ethnicity. The
variety and vehemence of Confederate
characterizations makes Damn
Yankees a lively and informative read.
No aspect of Northern life was
spared. Abe Lincoln, abolitionists,
immigrants, merchants, religious
leaders and, of course, soldiers were
all subjected to withering stereotyping
and remorseless critiques. An extreme
example can be seen in an antebellum
arithmetic book created in the South
where one of the problems involves
Puritans executing witches.
Since soldiers and civilians alike
were bombarded with this type of
propaganda, litle wonder that
Southerners distrusted Yankees.
Rable opines it engendered an
intense level of hatred that survived
regardless of what was happening on
the batleeld, its staying power as
remarkable as its hyperbole. He also
makes clear that the relentless
drumbeat of hatred had real
consequences. In the end, he
concludes, this demonization of the
Yankee enemy in all its variety and
contradictions undoubtedly lengthened the war, shaped the course of
Reconstruction, and let an enduring legacy. It also helps explain the allegiance
of non-slaveholding whites to the Confederacy, justies the massacre of black
Union troops to many Southerners, provides a basis for the staunch support of
the war by many Southern white women to the biter end and beyond, and
rationalizes the creation of groups like the Ku Klux Klan ater the war.
Rable has a git for driving home arguments with irony and humor, and
Damn Yankees reads like a genial conversation with ones dissertation adviser
over beer and pizza. Southern newspapers were full of late-war expectations that
the North would ultimately face divine punishment for devastating the pious
South. But human beings have seldom waited for God to avenge their wrongs,
Rable observes, and Confederates obviously believed that the Lord needed
assistance in rebalancing the scales of justice. By rejecting submission, calling
for resistance to the biter end, and justifying violence to achieve their ends,
many Southerners encouraged stereotyping by Northerners, casting a long
shadow over southern history. That shadow is still being lited.
Gordon Berg
62
WorldMags.net
WorldMags.net
1-888-599-6399
82019
CREDITS
Cover: Battle at Stones River/John Paul Strain;
Gomolach/Thinkstock; P. 2: From Top: My
Poor Orphans! The Kentucky Orphan Brigade/
Andy Thomas/Maze Studio; P. 3: From Top:
Texas Civil War Museum, Fort Worth; Library
of Congress; State Archives of Florida/Florida
Memory, RC03348; P. 4: David Stephenson/
Zumapress.com/Corbis; P. 6: AleksVF/
Thinkstock; P. 8: Ben Gray/Atlanta JournalConstitution/AP Photo; P. 9: Top: Noel Kline/
Celebrate Getysburg; Manassas Museum; P. 10:
From Top: prospective56/Thinkstock; Library
of Congress; Larrymetayer/Dreamstime.com;
P. 12: North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy Stock
Photo; P. 13: From Let: Clewisleake/Dreamstime.
com; DeGoyler Library/Southern Methodist
University/Laurence T. Jones III Photographs/
Ag.2008.0005; P. 14: From Top: Harpers Weekly,
July 16, 1864; Library of Congress; P .16: Historical
Society of Frederick County, MD; P. 18: Rahoul
Ghose/PBS (2); P. 19: Anthony Plat/PBS (2); P. 21:
Library of Congress; P. 22-23: My Poor Orphans!
The Kentucky Orphan Brigade/Andy Thomas/
Maze Studio; P. 24: Library of Congress; P. 26:
Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond; P. 27:
Library of Congress; P. 28-29: Top: Buyenlarge/
Gety Images; Stones River National Batleeld;
P. 30: National Archives; P. 32-33: From Let:
Library of Congress; Photo Courtesy Rock Island
Auction Company; Courtesy NYS Military
Museum; P. 34: From Top: HIP/Art Resource,
NY; Emerson R. Smith Papers/Bentley Historical
Library/University of Michigan; P. 36: Detroit
Public Library; P. 37: Heritage Auction Gallery,
Dallas (2); P. 38: Library of Congress; P. 41:
From Top: Harpers Weekly, December 7, 1861;
Photography by Jack W. Melton Jr./Courtesy
Thomas Dickey Civil War Collection/The Atlanta
History Center; U.S. Naval History and Heritage
Command, NH-1996; P. 43: Cook Collection/
Richmond Valentine History Center; P. 44-45:
Texas Civil War Museum, Fort Worth (3); P. 46:
Texas Confederate Museum Collection, Texas
Division United Daughters of the Confederacy/
Texas Civil War Museum, Fort Worth; P. 47: From
Top: Texas Confederate Museum Collection, Texas
Division United Daughters of the Confederacy/
Texas Civil War Museum, Fort Worth; Texas
Civil War Museum, Fort Worth (2); P. 48-49:
State Archives of Florida/Florida Memory,
RC03348; P. 50: USAMHI; P. 51: Harpers Weekly,
January 14, 1865; P. 52: Top: Library of Virginia;
Botom: Library of Congress; P. 53: Harpers
Weekly, January 14, 1865 (2); P. 54: Library of
Congress; P. 55: Chomplearn/Thinkstock; P. 58:
North Carolina Museum of History; P. 60: Top:
Lauren Harms; P. 64: Confederate Memorial
Literary Society/Virginia Historical Society,
#0985.02.00234; Thinkstock (2).
Back
Issues
800.649.9800 acw@russelljohns.com
Phone/www
606-326-1188
www.steencannons.com
For information on placing a Direct Response or Marketplace ad in Print and Online contact us today:
WorldMags.net
SECOND ACTS
WorldMags.net
OLD
BLIZZARDS
William Wing Loring
(1818-1886)
64
WorldMags.net
ADVERTISEMENT
WorldMags.net
ED
IT
T I ME O
F
R
FE
70%
off
ER
RI
RD
16
LIM
LECTURE TITLES
BY A P
THEGREATCOURSES.COM/4 ACW
1-800-832-2412
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Prelude to War
The Election of 1860
The Lower South Secedes
The Crisis at Fort Sumter
The Opposing Sides, I
The Opposing Sides, II
The Common Soldier
First Manassas or Bull Run
Contending for the Border States
Early Union Triumphs in the West
Shiloh and Corinth
The Peninsula Campaign
The Seven Days Battles
The Kentucky Campaign of 1862
Antietam
The Background to Emancipation
Emancipation Completed
Filling the Ranks
Sinews of WarFinance and Supply
The War in the West, Winter 186263
The War in Virginia, Winter and Spring 186263
Gettysburg
Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and Tullahoma
A Season of Uncertainty, Summer and Fall 1863
Grant at Chattanooga
The Diplomatic Front
African Americans in Wartime, I
African Americans in Wartime, II
Wartime Reconstruction
The Naval War
The River War and Confederate Commerce Raiders
Women at War, I
Women at War, II
Stalemate in 1864
Sherman versus Johnston in Georgia
The Wilderness to Spotsylvania
Cold Harbor to Petersburg
The Confederate Home Front, I
The Confederate Home Front, II
The Northern Home Front, I
The Northern Home Front, II
Prisoners of War
Mobile Bay and Atlanta
Petersburg, the Crater, and the Valley
The Final Campaigns
Petersburg to Appomattox
Closing Scenes and Reckonings
Remembering the War
SAVE UP TO $390
WorldMags.net
ADVERTISEMENT
Alabamas Historic
WorldMags.net
Gulf Coast
Standing atop the fort with a view of the once
embattled Mobile Bay, you can almost hear
the command of Admiral David Farragut
as he led his troops into battle, Damn the
torpedoes. Full speed ahead!
Voyage through time and revisit an era of adventure
and bravery aboard the USS Alabama, or walk in a
soldiers footsteps and experience day-to-day life at
Fort Morgan and Fort Gaines. Further exploration
awaits at the areas many museums that recall the Native American history, medical history and railroads
that feature prominently in the Gulf Coasts historical
landscape. Learn more at www.GulfShores.com.
Suddenly,
youre in a whole different state of
remembrance.
History comes alive when you step foot onto the hallowed ground at
one of the countrys few remaining Civil War forts. Come experience
the story of the Battle of Mobile Bay and learn how Fort Morgan
WorldMags.net
played a pivotal role at one of our nations most
crucial moments.
Fort-Morgan.org
888-666-9252