Manual PDF

G.
PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Electrical Circuits and Simulation Lab Manual
R-15 Regulation
Prepared by
K.Jagadeesh
Assistant Professor
Dept of EEE
Page 1
G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS & SIMULATION LAB

I B.Tech EEE-II Sem
List of Experiments
1. THEVENINS, NORTONS AND MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEORM
2. VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
3. VERIFICATION OF COMPENSATION THEOREM

4. VERIFICATION OF RECIPROCITY& MILLMANS THEOREM
5. LOCUS DIAGRAM OF R-L AND R-C SERIES CIRCUITS.
6. SELF, MUTUAL INDUCTANCES AND CO-EFFICIENT OF COUPLING

OF A COUPLED COIL
7. VERIFICATION OF SERIES RESONANCE AND PARALLEL RESONANCE
8. DETERMINATION OF Z & Y PARAMETERS
9. SIMULATION OF DC CIRCUITS USING PSPICE PROGRAMMING..
10. SIMULATION OF DC TRANSIENTS

11. VERIFICATION OF TELLEGENS THEOREM
12. TIME RESPONSE OF FIRST ORDER RC/RL NETWORK FOR NON SINUSOIDAL
INPUT
Dept of EEE
Page 2
THEVENINS, NORTONS THEORMS

Aim: - To verify Thevenins & Nortons theorem.
Apparatus Required:a) Thevenins theorem:
b) Nortons theorem:
Bread board
Bread board
Ammeters :(0-10mA) MC 1 No. Ammeters :(0-10mA) MC 2 No. Ammeter (0-200ma) MC
Regulated power supply (0-30V)
Resistor - 100
Resistors: 2.2K -3No.
Resistors:
2.2K -3No.
Decade Resistance Box
3.3 K -1No.
3.3 K -1No.
Connecting wires
1K -1No.
1K -1No
Theory: Procedure:
1) Make the connections as per the circuit shown in fig(1)
2) Switch on the supply, apply Vs=15V by varying regulated power supply and note down
reading of load current (IL) in table1.
3) Connections are made as per the circuit shown in fig (2)
4) Switch on the supply, apply Vth=7.5V by varying regulated power supply. (According to
calculations), and note down reading of load current IL table 2.
5) And compare Load currents in both cases.
Calculations:
Dept of EEE
Page 3

a) To find Rth:
Req=2.2k+(1k*1.5k)|(1k+1.5k)
=(2.2+0.6)k
=2.8k
b) To find Vth :
I=Vs / (2.02k)
Let,
Vs=5v
I=(5 / 2.02x103)
Vth=I * (2.2 x103)
Vth=(5/ 2.02x103) * (1.02 x103)=3V
c) Equivalent Thevenins circuit:
IL =Vth/(Rth+RL)
= (3 / 3.8 x103 ) =0.79 mA
IL = 0.79 mA
Observation Table:
Vth(V)
Vs(V)
Il(mA)
2.95
0.77
0.67
10
5.97
1.58
1.34
15
8.94
2.37
2.04
Nortons theorem:
Dept of EEE
Page 4
Theory:-
Procedure:1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig (3).
2) Switch on the power supply, apply Vs=15V, by varying regulated power supply and note down
the reading of Load current (IL) in table3.
3) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig (4)
4) Switch on the power supply, apply IN=ISC by varying the regulated power supply (According to
calculations) & note down the reading of load current IL in table 4.
5) And compare Load current in both cases.
Calculations:
i) To find RN :
Req=2.2k+(1k*1.5k)|(1k+1.5k)
=(2.2+0.6)k
=2.8k
ii)To find IN :
Let Vs=5V, Vth = 3 V
According to Duality,
Isc= IN =2.8/3.8K
= 0.79mA
iii) From Equivalent Nortons Circuit:
IL in AB Circuit =(Isc*2.8K )/(1K +2.8 K ) Amps.
= 0.79 mA
Observation Tables:Dept of EEE
Page 5
Isc(mA)
Vs(V)
Il(mA)
1.07
1.05
0.79
0.71
10
2.14
2.11
1.58
1.41
15
3.21
3.17
2.37
2.25
Result: Thus the Thevenins, Nortons & are verified theoretically and practically.
Dept of EEE
Page 6
VERIFICATION OF MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM

Aim: - To verify maximum power transfer theorem.
Apparatus Required:-
1. bread board
2. decade resistance box
3. resistor(100 ohms)
Circuit Diagram for DC maximum power transformation:
Theory:Procedure: 1.Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in figa.
2.Swich on the supply, apply the voltage Vs = 15V.
3.Vary the resistance in DRB in steps of 20 ohms and note down the current readings
4.Current is measured simultaneously and power is calculated.
Calculations: -
in ammeter.
If VS = 5V
Pmax = VS2/4RL
Dept of EEE
Page 7

Pmax = (15)2/4 * 100 =0.562W
Observations:S No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RL
(ohms)
100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2800
3000
I
(mA)
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.6
P =I2 R
(watts)
0.093
3.64
5.76
6.51
7.4
7.14
7.65
7.36
Model Graph:- The graph drawn between load resistance on x-axis & power
transferred to load on y-axis . The model graph as shown below.
Result: Thus the Maximum power transfer are verified theoretically and practically.
Dept of EEE
Page 8
VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

Aim:
To verify Superposition Theorem.
Apparatus Required:1) Regulated Power Supply, 0-30V (R.P.S,)

2) Ammeter (0-20mA) MC-1No
(0-50mA) MC -1No
(0-200mA) MC -2No
3) Resistors--270 , 100 , 390 , 1k -2No, 2.2k .
4) Connecting wires.
Circuit Diagram:-
Fig.1
Theory:Sample Calculations:Dept of EEE
Page 9

case1) Let V1 = 10V & V2 = 20V:10 = 490 I1 + 390 I2
20 = 390 I1 + 660 I2
Solving the above equations,
I1 = -7 mA
, I2 = 34.4 mA & I3 = 27.4 mA
Case2) Let V1 = 10V & V2 = 0 :10 = 490 I1 + 390 I2

0 = 390 I1 + 660 I2
Solving the above equations,
I1 = 38.57 mA , I2 = -22.82 mA & I3 = 15.75 mA
Case3) Let V1 = 0V & V2 = 20V :0 = 490 I1 + 390 I2

20 = 390 I1 + 660 I2
`Solving the above equations,
Hence ,
I1 = -45.19 mA
, I2 = 57.2 mA & I3 = 12 mA
I1 = I1 + I1
I2 = I2 + I2
I3 = I3 + I3
Procedure:1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig1
2) Apply the source voltages V1, V2 and note down the current reading I1, I2 & I3.
3) Remove second source by short circuit i.e, V2=0 , then apply only V1 source and note down the
current readings I1I, I2I, I3I and tabulate .
4) Remove second source by short circuit i.e,V1=0 , then apply only V2 source and note down the
current readings of I1II, I2II, I3II and tabulate.
5) Repeat the experiment for different values of source voltages.
Observation Table:-
V1()
V2
Dept of EEE
I1
I2
I3
I1I
I2I
I3I
I1II
I2II
I3II
Page 10
10
20
10
20
Result : Hence the super position theorem is verified theoretically and practically.
Dept of EEE
Page 11
MILLMAN AND RECIPROCITY THEOREM

i) Aim:- To verify the Millmans and Reciprocity theorem.
ii) Apparatus required:a) Millmans theorem :
1. Rps (0-30V) dc - 2 no
2. Resistors - 2.2K
- 2 no
- 1K
-1 no
- 1.1K
-1no
3. Ammeter-(0-20mA) -1 no
b) Reciprocity theorem:
1. Rps (0-30V) dc -2 no
2. Resistors 270
- 2 no
-100
-1 no
iii) A) Circuit Diagram for Millmans theorem:-
iv) Theory:Sample Calculations:
V1 =10 V , V2=15V & R1=R2=2.2K

then
Vm = [10/2.2 + 15/2.2 ] / [1/2.2 + 1/2.2] = 12.5V
Rm = 1 / [1/2.2 + 1/2.2]
= 1.1K
Load current IL = Vm / [Rm + RL] = 12.5 / [1.1K + 1K] = 5.95 mA

v)Procedure:-(Millmans Theorem)
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig 1.
2. Switch on the supply, apply the source voltages V1=10V& V2=15V.
3. Note down the readings of ammeter and tabulate in table1.
4. Make the connections of equivalent Millmans circuit as shown in fig 2.
5. Switch on the supply; apply the millman voltage Vm (calculated) and note down
readings of ammeter and tabulate in table2.
6. Repeat the experiment at different source voltages and compare the readings.
vi)Observation Tables:
Dept of EEE
Page 12
the
Table 1.
S.No V1
(volts)
1
10
2
5
3
15
V2
(volts)
15
10
20
IL
(mA)
Table2.(Millmanequivalent circuit)
S.No
Vm
IL
(volts)
(mA)
1
12.5
2
3
B) RECIPROCITY THEOREM:-
i) Circuit Diagram:-
Fig. 2
Fig.3
ii) Theory:-
iii) Procedure:1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig2
2) Apply the source voltage Vs=10V, in aa branch, Note down the reading of ammeter in
table1.connected in bb branch.
3) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in fig 3.
4) Apply the source voltage Vs=10V, in bb branch, Note down the reading of ammeter in table2.
Connected in aa branch.
Dept of EEE
Page 13

5) The current readings should be equal in both cases and repeat the experiment at different source
voltages.
iii) Observation Table:
Table 1.
S.No Voltage (Vs)
1
2
3
10
15
20
Current (mA)
Table 2.
S.No Voltage (Vs)
1
2
3
Current (mA)
10
15
20
iv) RESULT:-
The Millimansand reciprocity theorems are verified theoretically and practically.
Dept of EEE
Page 14
COMPENSATION THEOREM
Aim: To verify compensation theorem
Apparatus required:1. Rps (0-30V) dc -2 no
2. Resistors 270
- 2 no
-100
-1 no
Circuit Diagram for compensation theorem:-
Theory:-
Procedure:1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig 3.
2. Switch on the supply, apply the source voltages Vs=10V.
3. Note down the readings of ammeter and tabulate in table 3.
5. Switch on the supply, apply Vref = I100*R100 (calculated) and note down the readings of
ammeter and tabulate in table4.
6. Repeat the experiment at different source voltages and compare the readings.
Observation Tables:
Table 1.
S.No Vs
(volts)
1
10
2
15
3
20
I100
(mA)
IL
(mA)
Table 2.(Equivalent circuit)

S.No
Vs
Vref=I100*R100
(volts) (mA)
1
10
2
15
3
20
IL
(mA)
Result:- Hence the compensation theorem is verified.
Dept of EEE
Page 15
Current Locus Diagram

Aim:- To draw the current locus diagram for series RC circuits.
1) Voltmeter - (0-75V)MI
2) Ammeter - (0-1A)MI
3) Wattmeter - 75V / 5A / LPF
4) Capacitor - 33 F
5) Rheostat - 250 Ohms / 2.5A
6) Auto-transformer 230V / (0-270V)
Circuit Diagram:-
Theory:-
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig1.

Keep the rheostat at maximum resistance position and switch on the supply.
Apply the source voltage Vs= 60V at constant value by using variac.
Vary the resistance in steps, note down the readings of ammeter, and wattmeter and tabulate
the readings.
5. Calculate power factor and phase angle.
Formulae:Power
Power factor
W = V I Cos
= Cos
= W/VI
Observation Table:Dept of EEE
Page 16
S.No
Vs
(Volts)
Current
(Amps)
W
(watts)
p.f = Cos =
W/VI
= Cos 1(W/VI)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Model Graph: - Plot the graph between Voltage vector (on X-=axis) and current vector (on yaxis) as shown below.
`
Fig 2.
Result:- The locus diagram of series RC circuit when the resistance as variable was obtained.
Dept of EEE
Page 17
SELF AND MUTUAL INDUCTANCES OF A COUPLED COIL
Aim:
To determine the self and mutual inductances of a given 1-ph transformer and also
determine co-efficient of coupling.
Apparatus Required:
1.Voltneter - (0-300V) MI
2. Ammeter (0-1A) MI
3. 1-ph Wattmeter - 2.5A/300V/LPF
4.1-ph Transformer 1.5KVA, 230/115V.
5. 1-ph variac 240V / (0-270V)
A) i) Circuit Diagram-I:
Circuit Diagram-II:
Dept of EEE
Page 18

Theory:
Procedure:
2. Switch on the supply, Apply the rated voltage of LV winding by varying the autotransformer.
3. Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter and tabulate the readings
in table1.
5. Switch on the supply, Apply the rated voltage of HV winding by varying the autotransformer.
6. Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter and tabulate the readings
in table 2.
Calculations:
From circuit I:
Wo = V1 Io Cos o
Working current,
Magnetizing current
(or) Cos o = Wo / V1 Io = ------ --
Iw = Io Cos o (amp) = ---------- A

I = Io Sin o (amp) = ---------- A
Io = (Iw2 + I2)
a) Self inductance of first coil (LV winding): L1 = V1 / (2f I) = ---------- H

b) Mutual inductance b/n two coils: M12= E2 / j I= E2 / (2f I) = ---------- H
From circuit II:
Wo = V1 Io Cos o
Working current,
Magnetizing current
Iw =Io Cos o
I = Io Sin o
(or) Cos o = Wo / V2 Io = ---------(amp) = ---------- A

(amp) == ---------- A
c)Self inductance of first coil (LV winding) : L2 = V1 / (2f I) = ---------- H

d)Mutual inductance b/n two coils: M21= E2 / j I= E2 / (2f I) = ---------- H
M12 = M21 = M == ---------- H
e) Co-efficient of coupling K = M / (L1 L2) = ----------
Dept of EEE
Page 19

Observation Table:
Table 1.(LV side)
V1
E2
(volts)
(volts)
115
Io
(amp)
Wo
(watts)
Table 2.(HV side)

V1
E2
(volts) (volts)
Io
(amp)
Wo
(watts)
230
Result: The experiment was conducted on a given 1-ph transformer, from this
a) Self inductance of first coil (LV winding)
b) Self inductance of second coil (HV winding)
c) Mutual Inductance between two coils
d) Co-efficient of coupling
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L1 = ---------L2 = ---------M = ---------K = ----------
H
H
H
Page 20
SERIES RESONANCE AND PARALLEL RESONANCE

Aim:-To verify series and parallel resonance for given circuits.
Apparatus Required:Series resonance:
Bread board
Ammeters:(0-10mA) MI 1 No.
Function generator
Volt Meter (0-50) AC
Decade Resistance Box:
Decade Inductance Box
Decade capacitance Box
Parallel resonance:
Bread board
Ammeters:(0-10mA) MI 1 Nos.
Function generator
Volt Meter (0-50) AC
Decade Resistance Box:
Decade Inductance Box
Decade capacitance Box
A i) Circuit diagram for Series Resonance:
B) Circuit diagram for Parallel resonance:
Dept of EEE
Page 21

Theory: Formulae:
1
a) Resonant frequency :
fo =
Hz
2 LC
b) Half power frequencies:

f1 = fo R/ 4L
Hz
f2 = fo + R/ 4L
Hz
c) Band width:
BW = f2 f1 (or) R/ 2L
d) Q factor:
Procedure-1:(Series Resonance)
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig1.
2. Apply the sinusoidal voltage of peak-peak value is 10V
3. Vary the frequency of sine wave between 100 Hz 300 Hz in steps, and note down the readings
of ammeter.
4. Tabulate the readings in table1.
Procedure-II: :(Parellel Resonance)
1. Make the connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in fig2.
2. Apply the sinusoidal voltage of peak-peak value is 10V
3. Vary the frequency of sine wave between 100 Hz 300 Hz in steps, and note down the readings
of ammeter.
4. Tabulate the readings in table2.
Calculations:
R = 100ohms, L = 0.1 H, C = 6.1mf
a) Resonant frequency
fo = 1/(2 LC)
= ---------- Hz
b) Half power frequencies

Dept of EEE
Page 22

f1 = fo R/ 4L = ---------- Hz
f2 = fo + R/ 4L = ---------- Hz
c) Band width:
d) Q factor:
BW = f2 f1 (or) R/ 2L = ---------- Hz
= ----------
Observation Table:
Table 1: (series resonance)
S.NO. Frequency
Current
(Hz)
(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Table 2:(parallel resonance)

S.NO. Frequency
Current
(Hz)
(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Model Graph: Draw the graph between frequency Vs current as shown below.
Dept of EEE
Page 23

Result:
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In series resonance circuit,

c) Bandwidth
BW =
d) Q-Factor =
In parallel resonance circuit,
c) Bandwidth
BW =
d) Q-Factor =
fo =
f1 =
, f2 =
fo =
f1 =
, f2 =
Page 24
DETERMINATION OF Z & Y PARAMETERS

Aim:- To determine the open-circuit parameters(Z)and short-circuit parameters (Y).
Apparatus Required:
1. Volt meter
2. Ammeters
3. Resistors
4. RPS
- (0-15V) MC
- (0-100 mA) MC
- 390, 270 & 100
- (0-30V) DC
Circuit diagrams:
a) OC Parameters:
b) SC Parameters:
Theory:-
Sample Calculations:When 2-2 port is open circuited i.e I2 = 0

V1 = 660 I1 ; Z11 = V1 / I1 = 660 ohms
V2 = 270 I1 ; Z21 = V2 / I1 = 270 ohms
Dept of EEE
Page 25
When 1-1 port is open-circuited i.e I1=0

V1 = 270 I2 ; Z12 = V1 / I2 = 270 ohms
V2 = 370 I2 ; Z22 = V2 / I2 = 370 ohms
Similarly,
Y11 = 1/ Z11
Y21 = 1/Z21
,
,
Y12 = 1/Z12
Y22 =1/Z22
Procedure:- a) (OC Parameters)

1. Make the connections as per the circuit shown in figure 1.
2. Switch on the supply, and apply the Voltage Vs = 10V.
3. Note down the reading of two ammeters and tabulate and calculate Z11 & Z21.
6. Note down the reading of two ammeters and tabulate and calculate Z12 & Z22.
b) Procedure:- (SCParameters)
3. Note down the reading of two ammeters and tabulate and calculate Y11 & Y21.
6. Note down the reading of two ammeters and tabulate and calculate Y12 & Y22.
Observation Tables: (OC Parameters).

V1(Volts)
V2(Volts)
I1(amp)
10
I2(amp)
Z11 ()
Z12()
0
10
Z21()
Z22()
--
--
--
--
(SC Parameters)
V1(Volts)
V2(Volts)
10
10
I1(amp)
I2(amp)
Y11 (mho)
Y12(mho)
Y 21(mho)
Y 22(mho)
---
---
Result: - The open circuit and short circuit parameters are found and as follows,
Z11 =
Z12=
Z21=
Z22=
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Y11=
Y12 =
Y21=
Y22=
Page 26
SIMULATION OF DC CIRCUIT
Aim:- To obtain the node voltages, branch currents, power of all voltage sources of a given dc
circuit by using PSPICE programming.
1.PC
______
1 no.
2. PSPICE software _____ 1 no.
Circuit Diagram:-
Theory:1.DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their quiescent values
are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenins equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2.Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant sources and transient analysis of dc and
fourier circuits.
Eg:- Transient responses _____ (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis
_____ (.FOUR)
3.AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
Dept of EEE
Page 27

PSPICE PROGRAM :VS 1 0 DC 20V
IS 0 4 DC 50MA
R1 1 2 500
R2 2 5 800
R3 2 3 1000
R4 4 0 200
VX 3 0 DC 0V
VY 5 4 DC 0V
OP
END
: DC Voltage source of 20V between 1& 0 nodes

: DC Current source of 50mA between 4 & 0 nodes
: Resistance of 500ohms between 1 & 2 nodes
: Measure current through R3
: Measure current through R2
: Directs the bias point to the output file.
: End of the program.
Result:The node voltages, branch currents, power of all voltage sources of a given dc circuit are
obtained.
Dept of EEE
Page 28
SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUITS

Aim:- To obtain the simulation result of a given series RLC circuit with different inputs using
PSPICE programming.
Appartus Required:-
1.PC
________
2. PSPICE software ________
1 no.
1 no.
Circuit Diagram:-
Theory:-
Pspice allows the various types analysis as follows:

1.DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their quiescent values
are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenins equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2.Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant sources and transient analysis of dc and
fourier circuits.
Eg:- Transient responses _____ (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis
_____ (.FOUR)
3.AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
Dept of EEE
Page 29
PSPICE PROGRAM :-
a) Pulse Input:VS 1 0 pulse (-5 5 IN IN 1M 2M) : Pulse input with specifications

R 1 2 2
: Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
L 2 3 50U
: Inductance of 50 micro H between 2 & 3 points
C 3 0 50U
: Capacitance of 10 micro-F between 2 & 3 points
TRAN IN 4M
: Transient response of RLC circuit
PROBE
: Representation in graphs
END
: End of the program
b) Step Input:VS 1 0 PWL(0 0 100N 1)
R 1 2 2
L 2 3 50U
C 3 0 50U
TRAN IN 4M
PROBE
End
: Step input with specifications

: Inductance of 50micro-H between 2 & 3 points
: Capacitance of 10micro-F between 2 & 3 points
c)Sinusoidal Input:VS 1 0 SIN(0 10 1K)

R 1 2 2
L 2 3 50U
C 3 0 50U
TRAN IN 4M
END
: Sinusoidal input with specifications

: Resistance of 2 ohms between 1 & 2 points
: Inductance of 50 micro-H between 2 & 3 points
d)Exponential Input:VS 1 0 EXP(0.5 1 0.1N 1 1.5N)

: Exponential input with specifications
R 1 2 2
L 2 3 50U
: Inductance of 50 micro H between 2 & 3 points
C 3 0 50U
TRAN IN 4M
PROBE
END
Result:- The simulation results of series RLC circuits are obtained and recorded.
Dept of EEE
Page 30
VERIFICATION OF TELLEGENS THEOREM

Aim: - To verify Tellegens theorem.
Apparatus Required:
Bread board
Ammeters :(0-10mA) MC 1 No.
Resistors: 2.2K -3No.
3.3 K -1No.
1K -1No.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Theory: Procedure:
1) Make the connections as per the circuit shown in fig.
2) Switch on the supply, apply Vs=10V by varying regulated power supply and note down
reading of load current (IL),V1,V2&V3 in table.
3) Repeat step-2 for Vs=15V and Vs=20V.
4) Calculate the algebraic sum of powers in all three branches.
Calculations:
Applied voltage Vs=10V
Total resistance in the circuit Req=5.4K
Current in the circuit I=
Dept of EEE
Vs
=1.85mA
Req
Page 31

Voltage drop in 2.2K, V1=4.07V
Voltage drop in 2.2K, V2=4.07V
Voltage drop in 1K, V3=1.85V
sum of the powers in all three branches,

3
Vk i K = v1i1
v 2 i2
v 3 i3
v s i s =7.53+7.53+3.42-18.5=0 Watt
k 1
Observation Table:
S.No.
Vs(volts)
1
2
3
15
20
10
IL(mA)
V1(volts)
V2(volts)
V3(volts)
Result: Thus the Tellegens theorem is verified theoretically and practically.
Dept of EEE
Page 32

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G.

PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS & SIMULATION LAB

1. THEVENINS, NORTONS AND MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEORM

2. VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

3. VERIFICATION OF COMPENSATION THEOREM

5. LOCUS DIAGRAM OF R-L AND R-C SERIES CIRCUITS.

6. SELF, MUTUAL INDUCTANCES AND CO-EFFICIENT OF COUPLING

7. VERIFICATION OF SERIES RESONANCE AND PARALLEL RESONANCE

8. DETERMINATION OF Z & Y PARAMETERS

9. SIMULATION OF DC CIRCUITS USING PSPICE PROGRAMMING..

10. SIMULATION OF DC TRANSIENTS

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

THEVENINS, NORTONS THEORMS

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

Observation Tables:Dept of EEE

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

VERIFICATION OF MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM

Circuit Diagram for DC maximum power transformation:

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

To verify Superposition Theorem.

Apparatus Required:1) Regulated Power Supply, 0-30V (R.P.S,)

Theory:Sample Calculations:Dept of EEE

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

, I2 = 34.4 mA & I3 = 27.4 mA

Case2) Let V1 = 10V & V2 = 0 :10 = 490 I1 + 390 I2

I1 = 38.57 mA , I2 = -22.82 mA & I3 = 15.75 mA

Case3) Let V1 = 0V & V2 = 20V :0 = 490 I1 + 390 I2

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

MILLMAN AND RECIPROCITY THEOREM

iii) A) Circuit Diagram for Millmans theorem:-

iv) Theory:Sample Calculations:

V1 =10 V , V2=15V & R1=R2=2.2K

Load current IL = Vm / [Rm + RL] = 12.5 / [1.1K + 1K] = 5.95 mA

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

The Millimansand reciprocity theorems are verified theoretically and practically.

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

Table 2.(Equivalent circuit)

Result:- Hence the compensation theorem is verified.

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

Current Locus Diagram

Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in fig1.

Observation Table:Dept of EEE

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

SELF AND MUTUAL INDUCTANCES OF A COUPLED COIL

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

(or) Cos o = Wo / V1 Io = ------ --

Iw = Io Cos o (amp) = ---------- A

a) Self inductance of first coil (LV winding): L1 = V1 / (2f I) = ---------- H

(or) Cos o = Wo / V2 Io = ---------(amp) = ---------- A

c)Self inductance of first coil (LV winding) : L2 = V1 / (2f I) = ---------- H

G.PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL

Table 2.(HV side)

L1 = ---------L2 = ---------M = ---------K = ----------