Nama : Febrina Putri R

Kelas : 3 KD

Nitric Acid
Nitric Acid (Chemical Formula HNO3) consists of three kinds of atoms. There are one
hydrogen atom, one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. The nitrogen atom is in the
middle of the molecule structure. Nitric Acid is one of the most important inorganic acids.
Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral
acid. It is a highly corrosive and toxic acid that can cause severe burns. Nitric acid is miscible
in water in all proportions, forming hydrates at low temperature. This acid is a common
laboratory reagent and an important industrial commodity. It is mainly used in making
ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for fertilizers. It is also used for the manufacture of explosives
(such as nitroglycerine), nitrocotton or guncotton, plastics, and dyes.
Nitric Acid has physical and chemical properties, that are :

Physical properties
1. Pure nitric acid is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Impure acid or
pure acid on standing develops yellow color due to the presence of dissolved
oxides of nitrogen (mainly NO2).
2. It is completely soluble in water and forms a constant boiling mixture (120.5C)
with water, containing 68% (by mass) of nitric acid.
3. Pure acid has a density of 1.54 g/mL. The constant boiling mixture has a density
of 1.4 g/mL at 20C.
4. Anhydrous nitric acid boils at 355.6 K (83.6C) and freezes to a white solid at
231.4 K (- 41.7C).
5. It has a corrosive action on the skin and causes yellow blisters.
6. It is a colorless volatile liquid.
7. It is specific gravity at 150C is 1.53.
8. pH (200C) : <1

Chemical properties
1. Nitric acid is formed by the reaction of both dinitrogen pentoxide (N 2O3) and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water. If the solution contains more than 86 percent
nitric acid, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Fuming nitric acid is
characterized as white fuming nitric acid and red fuming nitric acid, depending on
the amount of nitrogen dioxide present.
2. Nitric acid is a strong, monobasic acid, a powerful oxidizing agent which also
nitrates many organic compounds, and a monoprotic acid because there is only
one dissociation.
3. Pure nitric acid is not very stable. Even at ordinary temperature, in presence of
sunlight it undergoes slight decomposition. On strong heating it decomposes
completely to give nitrogen dioxide, water and oxygen.

4. Can react with ammonia to form ammonium nitrate salt :

HNO3 + NH4OH NH4NO3 + H2O.
5. Can react with the metal element and can dissolve all metals except gold (Au) and
platinum (Pt).
6. Because the nitric acid is an oxidant, hydrogen (H2) is rarely formed. Only
magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca) react with nitric acid cold
and dilute which can produce hydrogen : Mg(s) + 2HNO3(aq) Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g).
7. Can react with a nonmetallic element : C + 4HNO3 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
ataupun 3C + 4HNO3 3CO2 + 4NO + 2H2O

Nama : Febrina Putri R

Kelas : 3 KD
Nitric Acid

Nitric acid or aqua fortis is a colorless liquid. Nitric acid is one of the most important
inorganic acids. It is a highly corrosive and toxic acid that can couse severe burns. Nitric acid
is miscible in water in all proportions, forming hydrates at low temperature. This acid is a
common laboratory reagent and an important industrial commodity. It is mainly used in
making ammonium nitrat (NH4NO3) for fertilizers. It is also used for the manufacture of
explosives (such as nitroglycerine), nitrocotton of guncotton, plastics and dyes. Nitric acid
consists of three kinds of atoms. There are one hydrogen atom, one nitrogen atom and three
oxygen atoms. The molecular formula of Nitric acid is HNO3.
Nitric acid has physical and chemical properties. In physical properties, nitric acid has
molar mass of 63.01 g/mol. Pure nitric acid is fuming liquid with a pungent odor. The density
of nitric acid is 1.51 g/cm3. Nitric acid has melting point of -420C (231K). Nitric acid has
boiling point of 830C (356K). The Acidity (pKa) of nitric acid is -2. At 200C the vapor
pressure of nitric acid is 48 mmHg. The refractive index (n D) of nitric acid is 1.397 at 16.5 0C.
At 200C, nitric acid has Acidic Ion Concentration or pH is -2. The entropy value of nitric acid
is 37.19 kkal/molK at 250C.

While in chemical properties, nitric acid is formed by the reaction of both dinitrogen
pentoxide (N2O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water. If the solution contains more than
86 percent nitric acid, it is reffered to as fuming nitric acid. Nitric acid is a strong, monobasic
acid, a powerful oxidizing agent which also nitrates many organic compounds and a
monoprotic acid becouse there is only one dissociation. Pure nitric acid is not very stable.
Even at ordinary temperature, in presence of sunlight it undergoes slight decomposition. On
strong heating it decomposes completely to give nitrogen dioxide, water and oxygen.
Reactions that occur is 4HNO3 (aq)

2H2O (l) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g). Can react with ammonia

to form ammonium nitrate salt that is HNO3 + NH4OH NH4NO3 + H2O. Can react with the
metal element and can dissolve all metals except gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). Because the
nitric acid is an oxidant, hydrogen (H2) is rarely formed. Only magnesium (Mg), manganese
(Mn) and calcium (Ca) react with nitric acid cold and dilute which can produce hydrogen that
is Mg(s) + 2HNO3(aq) Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g). Can react with a nonmetallic element that is C +
4HNO3 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O or 3C + 4HNO3 3CO2 + 4NO + 2H2O.

Bibliography
Amakinasyarifah. 2011. Pengetahuan Bahan Kimia.
http://amakinasyarifah.blogspot.co.id/2011/05/pengetahuan-bahan-kimia.html. 5 Oktober
2015.
New World Encyclopedia. 2015. Nitric Acid.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nitric_acid. 5 Oktober 2015.
Shrestha, Binod. 2010. Properties Of Nitric Acid And Use. http://chemguide.blogspot.co.id/2010/04/properties-of-nitric-acid-and-uses.html. 5 Oktober 2015.
Wikipedia.2015.Nitric Acid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_acid. 5 Oktober 2015