Momentum and Impulse

Momentum= mass x velocity

Symbol for momentum is p
Momentum=mv
Ex. A roller skate and a truck can have the same momentum
If they have the same ratio of mass to velocity, then momentum
can be the same
If momentum changes, its because mass or velocity change
Most often mass doesnt change so velocity changes and that is
acceleration
Mass x Acceleration= Force
Applying a force over a time interval to an object changes the
momentum
Force x Time interval= Impulse
Change in momentum is impulse
Mass x Change in velocity ALWAYS equals Force times T
(IMPULSE)
MV=Ft
Apply the greatest force for as long as you can to INCREASE
momentum
An object at rest has no momentum
Follow through
Impulse= impact force X time (Newton sec)
Ft=impulse
Impact= the force acting on an object (N)
**usually when it hits something
Impact forces=
A car that hits a brick wall and a car that hits a hay stack have the
same momentum AND impulse, however the impact force is different
The longer impact time reduces the force of impact and decrease the
deceleration
Whenever it is desired to decrease the force of impact, extend the time
of impact!
If the time of impact is increased by 100 times, the force of impact is
reduced by 100 times
Impulses are greater when an object bounces
The impulse required to bring an object to a stop and then to
throw it back
upward again is greater than the impulse required to
merely bring an object
to a stop
The Law of Conservation of Momentum
To accelerate an object, a force must be applied
The force or impulse on an object must come from outside the
object

Example: The air in a basketball, sitting in a car and pushing on

the
dashboard to sitting on a boat and blowing on
the sail DONT create
the movement
Internal forces like these are balanced and cancel each other
If no outside forces are present, no change in momentum
is possible
LAW: In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a
system remains unchanged
The net momentum of the system before and after the
event is the SAME
Collisions
Elastic Collisions
Momentum transfers from one object to another
If two objects are moving in opposite directionsone is
positive and
one is negative
Before Event: M1V1+M2V2=M1V11+M2V21: After Event
Inelastic Collisions
When two objects collide they stick together and move in
the same
direction
Before Event: M1V1+ M2V2=(M1+M2)V1
ExampleInelastic: A 6kg fish swimming at 1m/sec swallows a 2 kg
fish that is at
rest. Find the velocity of the fish
immediately after lunch
(6kg)(1m/sec)+(2kg)(0m/sec)=(6kg+2kg)V
(6)+(0)=(8kg)V
6=8V
V=6/8
V=3kgm/sec/4kg
0.75m/sec
ExampleInelastic: A 6kg fish swimming at 1m/sec swallows a 2 kg
fish that is
swimming towards it at 2m/sec. Find the
velocity of the fish
immediately after lunch
(6kg)(1m/sec)+(2kg)(-2m/sec)=(6kg+2kg)V
(6)+(-4)=(8)V
2=8V
V=2/8
V=1/4
0.25m/sec
ExampleInelastic: Now the 6kg fish swimming at 1m/sec swallows a
2kg fish that
is swimming towards it at 3m/sec
(6kg)(1m/sec)+(2kg)(-3m/sec)=(6kg+2kg)V
(6)+(-6)=(8)V
0=8V
V=0m/sec