YEAR XXIX - N° 1 www.elimagazines.

com Your English Monthly B2/C1

Neologisms
The New
Words that
Define our

World
ANNO XXVIII • N° 1 • ago. • sett. • ott. 2007 • Imprimé à Taxe Réduite

UK Today Report Movers and Shakers

1
The Thames Jeans, Damien Hirst
Barrier Jeans,
Jeans...
4 6 12
 The Power of Words
How could My hair was Get out of Is it
Jeremy! looking But … FRIZZY*....
you?! here* ... contagious*
perfect until I only then?
What are
you talking
you said said.. BOIN
about?! THAT word...

G
DON’T beep
SAY IT!
beep
2
I’m going
Unauthorised photocopying is illegal

to call the
hairdresser
again...

Hi Oh, hi I feel like a bear with a

Jeremy! Brittany! How sore head and I have a AND
are things? stomach ache that YOU?!
would bring down a
rhinoceros.

Dad, you know when And you know when That thing about old
Is it a people losing their
you were talking about you were Ferrari? memory is a load of
getting a new TV? talking about nonsense*!
getting a You don’t
No. 4 X 4*? want to believe
everything
you read you
know.

I’d like to order How many have

some pizzas... you got in
the van*?
How
many?
© ZITS Partnership. Distribuited by King Features Syndicate

*
contagious: that you can catch from 4 X 4: (pronounced four by four) an get out of here: (informal) go away
glossary someone (like a disease) off-road vehicle with 4-wheel drive
frizzy: very curly dry (hair)
nonsense: rubbish, not true
 Incredible but true

The Rugby World Cup

This year’s Rugby World Cup is being held in France for
the first time. It runs from September to October.
The Rugby World Cup is the world’s most important
Rugby tournament. It was started in 1987 in Australia and
New Zealand and takes place every four years. Twenty
teams will be playing in France this year, with a total of 3
600 players, 3,500 journalists and 2.5 million spectators.

Unauthorised photocopying is illegal

The champion’s trophy is called the William Webb Ellis
Trophy, after the boy from Rugby school
who invented the game. In 2011
the Rugby World Cup will be held
in New Zealand.

C H A M P I O N C U P
J O U R N A L I S T S
P L A Y E R S N B O Y Which team game is the
m

UK’s most important and

o

R U G B Y E Y E A R T
p.c

B A F R A N C E W A S popular female sport? Find

dcu

11 words in the box below

T O U R N A M E N T L
or l

and find out!

L S P E C T A T O R S
yw

Answers on page 15.

b
ug

r
w w.
w ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .........

CONTENTS In this issue

Hello everyone! This year’s
first issue of TEEN is packed
with new features and fun
games; there’s plenty to
interest everyone.There’s an
in-depth look at the history
of Jeans, we take a trip
along the legendary Route
look out for:
4 UK Today • Time words and phrases
The Thames Barrier • Simple past/present + past
simple
6 Report • Future/present passive
Jeans, Jeans, Jeans • Fashion and art vocabulary
• Climate change and
8 English Matters geography vocabulary
Neologisms – The New Words that • Language of hypothesis
Define our World
10 TEEN Travel
Route 66: A Journey into Legend This is ‘Grammy’ - he will
tell you which parts of
English grammar to look
12 Movers and Shakers out for.

66 and look at the art of Damien Hirst

TEEN: Common European Framework
shock... - Intermediate Advanced (B2-C1)
Have fun and learn loads!
14 Playstation
Audio CD Teacher’s Notes
16 Star Quality
Liz Leonardi DiCaprio info@elimagazines.com
 UK Today

The
4
Thames Barrier
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The world is only just beginning to wake up to

the problems we face as a result of climate change and
predicted* rise in sea levels*. London, like many other major
cities, is very low lying* and is at serious risk of flooding*
from the Thames Estuary*, which runs through the heart of
the city. The city has its own dramatic, high tech solution to
the flood threat – the Thames Barrier – but is it enough?

How the Thames A Genuine Threat The Cost of a Flood

Barrier Works
The Thames Barrier at Woolwich Reach
is the world’s second largest movable
barrier. It is made up of a series of ten
Language of hypothesis – climate change and geography vocabulary
The last time that central London
flooded was in 1928 when 14 people
drowned. In 1953 there was
disastrous flooding along the east
A bad flood in London could paralyse
the central part of the London
Underground, cause damage to fresh
water and sewer* systems and stop

coast of England and the Thames power, gas, telephone and important
separate, movable gates positioned
Estuary with over 300 people losing computer services.
across the river. Some of these gates
their lives. If this flood had reached
lie hidden under the riverbed to allow
central London’s highly populated Thousands of homes, shops, factories,
ships to pass up the Thames. If there is
low-lying areas, the result could have businesses and buildings would be
a flood threat, these are raised up to
been terrible. To stop a disaster like affected. It could take months to get
the surface of the estuary and the
this happening, the Thames barrier London working again.
gates turn and close to form a barrier,
was built during the 1970s.
stopping any tidal surge* hitting the
Tide* levels are rising in the Thames The financial cost of this kind of
centre of London.
Estuary relative to the land by about flood could be enormous, possibly as
60 cm per century. These levels are much as £30,000 m without counting
The width of the barrier from bank*
steadily increasing because of several the cost in human suffering and
to bank is about 520m. The four main
factors*. These factors include higher potential loss of life.
gates are massive. Each is constructed
average sea levels and bigger storms.
as a hollow steel-plated* structure
over 20m high and weighing about
3,700 tonnes.
 5

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The world’s biggest movable barrier is
nine Kilometres long and is not far from
the Thames Barrier.
Fill in the
crossword 1
to find out 2
which 3
country it 4
is in. 5
6
1. The Thames
7
barrier is part of 8
London’s flood
9
..........
2. The Environment 10
...... 11
3. London’s estuary…
4. Another word for danger.
the land
A Good Defence, 5. The Thames Barrier is made up
of ten of these. 8. A synonym of huge, very big.
But is it Enough? 6. The structure on the Thames 9. Man’s activities are causing
global....
Peter Borrows from the Environment which will stop London being
Agency said ‘London has a very high covered in water 10. The UK’s capital city.
standard of defence thanks to the 7. When water rises and covers 11. Violent wind and rain.
Thames Barrier, and other defences. Answers on page 15.
But man’s activities are causing global
warming, leading to rising sea levels.’

Climate change experts say the
existing Thames barrier, built in the
1970s, may not be able to cope with
rising tides by 2030 and there may
even be problems as early as 2010.
Scientists and engineers are now
having to look at ways of making
London safer in the future.
This article was written using
information on the BBC news website
http://news.bbc.co.uk and the website
for the UK government department,
the Environment Agency.
For further information go to:
*
glossary
bank: (here) the land at the edge of river or estuary
estuary: tidal river, ie where the water level rises as
the tide (see below) rises
factors: reasons
flooding: when water covers land
low lying: built on land which is not much above
sea level
predicted: something which we think will happen
sea level: the average height of the sea, not
www.environment-agency.gov.uk
including the effect of the tide
sewer: the underground system which takes the
waste water from your toilet and the rest of your
house
steel-plated: covered in steel (a hard shiny metal)
surge: a huge volume of moving water
tide: when the sea level rises due to the effect of
the moon and the wind etc
 Report Everyone loves jeans, they are unisex* and ageless. For some,
jeans have to be elegant, for others they have to be as baggy*
as possible or slashed* at the knees. Whatever your style
though, you must have a least one pair in your wardrobe!

6
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Jeans, Jeans, Jeans...

Where did Jeans Come From?
We’ve been wearing jeans for over a hundred years and it will be a long
time before they go out of fashion. The best thing about jeans is that
Present and Past Simple – Fashion vocabulary

they are comfortable and hard wearing, in fact when they were first
developed they were worn as working clothes by labourers and miners.
Originally, jeans were made from the same fabric they used to make
ships’ sails. What colour was it? Brown! The name ‘blue jeans’ derives
from ‘bleu de Gênes’, the French words for the northern Italian port
of Genova and the blue dye* the Genoese used to colour the fabric.
During the 1800s, Genova exported this hard wearing, blue fabric to
the United States. Then Levi Strauss developed jeans as we know
them using denim, which gets its name from the French town of
Nîmes. Today, jeans are no longer thought of as working man’s
clothes they are simply a fashion item.
 7

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Fickle* Fashion Eco Jeans
What’s the latest jeans revolution? Eco jeans. These
Initially, jeans were synonymous* with the Wild West
are made from organically* cultivated cotton, have
but they gradually became an important part of youth
buttons made from coconut fibres and the fabric is
culture. During the 70s they were tight at the top and
dyed using a combination of mimosa* flowers and
wide at the bottom – the infamous* flares. In the 80s
potatoes. These new jeans are becoming a world-wide
they were tight and went straight down and in the UK
phenomenon, they have even been made using a new
they were called drainpipes*. One of the biggest
fabric made from sugar cane fibres. But there is still
innovations came from France in the 90s – faded jeans
some way to go to make them the perfect eco
which had been washed before you bought them and
product. Unfortunately, the chemical used to fix the
these became part of the Grunge style of the time.
dye on to the fabric is highly damaging to the
Since the beginning of this century they have been
environment.
worn very low on the hips – these are called low-rise
jeans or hipsters. Versatile*, fashionable jeans can
be worn pretty much anywhere and anyhow!

They are Cheap...But What’s the True Cost?

In Japan, jeans are really expensive and can cost
over 500 Euros a pair, but in other countries they
are extremely cheap. In China for example, a
pair of jeans can cost as little as 4 Euros, but
* glossary
these low prices come at a different kind of
cost. These low-cost jeans are made by children
who have to work incredibly quickly in bad
working conditions and for long hours every
day. Child labour is a very real and very big
problem in the clothes industry.
baggy: loose, opposite of tight
child labour: paid work done by children
drainpipes: plastic tubes on the side of
buildings which take rainwater down from
the roof
dye: substance (natural or chemical) which
colours fabric/material
fickle: something or someone which
changes all the time
infamous: well known for bad reasons
mimosa: small tree with small yellow
flowers
organically: without the use of chemicals
or pesticides
slashed: (here) deliberately cut
synonymous: closely identified with, ie you
think of the Wild West you think of jeans
unisex: worn by men or women
versatile: adaptable, used for a variety of
things

Record-breaking Jeans
The Guiness Book of Records states that the world’s biggest pair
of jeans were made in Genova, Italy in 2005. How many pairs of jeans were
used to make these jeans fit for a giant?

A 50 B 600 C 1500 Answers on page 15.

 English Matters Browser, server, firewall, vods and podcasts
... these are just some of the common new
words that have been in use in English for
less than ten years. English is a living,

Neologisms breathing, evolving language but that makes

it a nightmare* for people learning it!

The New Words that Define our

8

World
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What are The Net iPod

neologisms?
Neologisms are newly invented
words, new words formed from one
or more existing word or words that
are given a new meaning.
Traditionally, new words entered the
language from writers. Shakespeare
was the greatest single inventor of
new words in the history of English,
and other writers, often writing
science fiction or fantasy have had
their words adopted by the rest of us.
Today, though, it is the rise of new
technology which is having the
biggest impact* on how we speak.
A huge number of new words and
concepts have appeared since the
invention of the Internet in 1989 by
British man Sir Tim Berners-Lee. In
fact the words ‘Internet’, and its
informal partner, the ‘Net’, are
neologisms themselves, developed
from the word net, an open fabric of
string, used for example to catch fish,
or to divide a tennis court.
In 2001 The Apple Corp. of America
launched a neat* gadget* called the
iPod for digitally storing all your
favourite music tracks digitally. When
Apple launched its third-generation
(3G or third gen) ‘pod’ in 2003 it
became an internation best seller.
The name iPod was coined* by Vinnie
Chieco. When he saw Apple’s first
iPod he thought about the film 2001:
Space Odyssey and the small white
pods or space vehicles in the film. The
word pod originally means a part of
a plant where seeds are stored.
 How good are your powers of logic?
Match these current neologisms with the meanings below.

1. Blogosphere
A. if you write in capital letters online it is
VERY RUDE, as if you were shouting at
someone
2. Crog B. series of charaters from your keyboard
you have to look at sideways, eg :-) =
3. Treeware happy ;-) = winking :”) embarrassed

C. the unofficial rules of politeness online.

4. Netiquette From Net + etiquette.
9
D. carefully researched blog written by an

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5. SHOUTING expert

E. printed documents or books as opposed

6. Smiley to electronic files, eg dead-tree version =
book!

Answers on page 15. F. the online community of bloggers

‘Podcast’ Invent your own, new techno

‘If you want to listen to word and then write a
this programme again,’
says the DJ, ‘it is
available as a podcast. To
definition.
download it from our Use some of the ideas in the article above to help you.
website go to double u, Could you make someone believe in your new word?
double u double u dot ....’
A podcast, written or New Word
produced by a podcaster, …………………………………………………………………………..............……
is a digital media file you
can play on your iPod.
The word comes from Definition
iPod + broadcast*. …………………………………………………………………………..............……

…………………………………………………………………………..............……

…………………………………………………………………………..............……
Bloggers …………………………………………………………………………..............……
and Vloggers
A blog is a new way of writing your

diary or journal*. You can keep your
e-journal up to date on the Web site
that hosts blogs and tell the entire
online world what you think about
pretty much anything you want!
Blog comes from Web + log, where
log means a place you write down
or keep information. A vlogger
(video + log) is someone who keeps
a..... video diary.
Google
Google is the most successful search
engine* on the Net. It was founded
in 1998 by two American university
students who had developed a
sophisticated way of getting
*
information from the Internet.
Google, from the word googol,
meaning a number such as 10(100),
has now become a verb as in ‘Have
you googled it?’ or ‘Have you run
an internet search for it?’
How about a bit of
googlewhacking? This is a game
played by people who are obsessed*
by searching. You have to use two
words in the Google search box and
get only one single search result.
There are three billion Web pages
currently indexed* by Google so if
you see ‘Results 1-1 of 1’ you have
definitely won this game!
glossary
broadcast: to transmit/show radio or TV
programmes
coined: invented a new word
gadget: small technological or mechanical
object
impact: (here) strong effect
index: an alphabetical list of words, names
etc
journal: book where you write your thoughts
etc every day
neat: (informal) good, cool
nightmare: (figurative) a very bad scary
dream
obsessed: when you think about one thing
continuously
search engine: a website which is like a
catalogue or index on the Internet
 TEEN Travel

10 The Road Route 66 threads* its way through

the mythology* of the United
States of America. It was the route
of the Pioneers in the late 1800s,
the bikers of Easy Rider and the
Beat Generation of 50s America. It has
been the inspiration for writers and travellers and
Time words and phrases

for all those who want to touch the American

Dream of freedom and wide open spaces.

The birth and death of Route 66

To start off with, Route 66 was little more than a dirt* track which led the Pioneers from the
Eastern United States to California, where they dreamed of making their fortune. In 1926,
the US government laid parts of this long track with asphalt and declared the birth of U.S.
Highway 66. Over the years, a huge number of motels, fast food restaurants and drive-ins*
were built along the highway. Route 66 died in 1977 when the government decided to
replace it with stretches of motorway which were much safer than the old winding road
which had been the cause of many accidents. Route 66 may no longer the main road from
east to west but it is still a big part of the American psyche.

A legend 4,000 Kilometres Long

It was the first highway linking the east and west of the USA,
stretching from Chicago to the beach at Santa Monica. It is 4,000
kilometres long and winds* through 3 time zones and 8 states. It
was called The Main Street of America because it went through so
many towns and cities. During the Depression of the 1920s it was
so important for the US economy that people volunteered* to
look after sections of the highway themselves.
of Legends 11

America’s Open Air Museum

Route 66 is like a massive open air museum of the history of America. It goes
through the Painted Desert in Arizona, where you can see a huge crater made
by the impact of a meteorite, and passes close to the Grand Canyon. You can
still stay in motels shaped like Indian teepees, there are shops in the shape of
jelly* moulds and even snake farms. Drivers needed to get something to eat
quickly, so in Springfield someone set up the first, fast food, drive-in
restaurant and San Bernardino was home to the very first McDonald’s.

Who Got Their Kicks on Route 66?

The great, American writer, John Steinbeck, called Route 66 The Mother
Road. It was his inspiration for his world famous novel The Grapes of
Wrath. Nat King Cole sang of his love for Route 66 with his hit song Get
Your Kicks on Route 66.
By far the most famous book written about Route 66 is On the
road by Jack Kerouac, and the best songs about it are ballads
by Woody Guthrie.

‘What’s your road,

man? Holyboy road,
madman road,
rainbow road,
guppy road, any
* glossary
dirt: dust, dry earth
drive-in: restaurant or cinema
road. It’s an
anywhere road for
where you ‘drive in’ and don’t leave
your car anybody, anyhow.’
jelly: a solid sweet pudding made
with gelatine, sugar and water from On the road, by Jack Kerouac (1957)
mythology: group of (often
fictional) stories about important
people or things
threads: (here) moves through
volunteered: offer to do something
for free
winds: does not take a straight path
 Movers and Shakers ‘Movers and Shakers’ are people who make a big change
or contribution to a culture or society. They could be writers,
artists, politicians, business people, scientists or thinkers.
Movers and shakers... move and shake our world! In this
series of articles for TEEN we will be looking at some of the
UK’s most influential citizens.

12
Damien Hirst
Unauthorised photocopying is illegal

Damien Hirst is one of the most

prominent* of the YBAs or

.
Biog
Damien Hirst was born in June 1965
in Bristol but he grew up in Leeds. His ‘Young British Artists’. He is also
career did not look very promising*
at the beginning. He did very badly
one of the most controversial*
at all academic subjects at school and international artists of our time.
had to apply* a number of times to
get into art college once he had left Let’s have a look at him and his
school. One of the most important
themes* in his work is death. work and see what you think...
Iconic* sculptures
His sculptures known as his ‘Natural
History series’ have become icons of
our age. In these works dead animals,
such as a shark, sheep or cow, are
kept, sometimes cut in half,
preserved in formaldehyde* and
placed in a glass tank. His most
famous work is called The Physical
Impossibility of Death in the Mind of
Someone Living. It is made up of a 3
metre-long Tiger Shark. This work
was sold in 2004 for a huge amount
of money ($12 million) and was the
most expensive work by a living artist
ever sold. It is estimated that he has a
personal fortune of £35 million.

Spots and spins

Hirst is also well known for his ‘spin
paintings’ made using a spinning*
circular surface and for his ‘spot
paintings’ which are rows of coloured
circles. The now famous spotty river
boat which links two of London’s
Time Words – Art vocabulary + Passive

most important galleries, Tate Britain

and the Tate Modern, was painted
using one of his designs.

Problems and solutions

During the 90s Hirst was often in the
newspapers because of his bad
behaviour as much as his art!
However since having children he
lives a much quieter life in an old
farmhouse in Devon.
 13

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.
Controversy
Damien Hirst is controversial. In fact
he has been called a ‘shockaholic’ –
someone who is always trying to
shock people. His works of art set out
to stretch the boundaries* of what we
think is art, by using everyday items or
trying to get extreme reactions to his
work. One of his sculptures was not
included in an important exhibition of
his work in the US because the
organisers thought it might make
people sick!
A Dead Shark isn’t Art!
Many people have been asking the
question: ‘Yes, but is it art?’ Hirst has
as many fans as he has critics, with
some saying that he will be forgotten
by history and other people saying he
is one of the world’s great artists.
One thing is certain: he has altered
the way we look at art and the world
we find ourselves in. And is that not
a definition of a great artist?
The
Quotes
‘The job of the artist is always
to deepen the mystery.’
Francis Bacon (one of Hirst’s
most important artistic
influences)
‘I always feel like the art’s
there and I just see it, so it’s
not really a lot of work.’
Damien Hirst

‘I wanted a shark that’s big

enough to eat you, and in a
large enough amount of liquid
so that you could imagine you
were in there with it.’
Damien Hirst

Over to you...
How do you react to the work ‘The Physical Impossibility of
Death in the Mind of a Living Person’? Write down five or more
words that come into your head when you see a shark in a tank
of formaldehyde.
* glossary
apply: make a request, eg for a university
place or a job
boundaries: (here) limits
controversial: someone or something which
…………………………………………………………………………..............…… causes strong disagreement between people
What works of art by any artist living or dead do you find formaldehyde: colourless, poisonous
chemical used here to preserve dead flesh
shocking?
iconic: a culturally important image or picture
prominent: important and well known
…………………………………………………………………………..............…… promising: (here) that shows a possible
Do you think the main role of art is to shock or is it to represent future success
the world around us? spinning: something which turns very quickly
in a circular motion
theme: subject
…………………………………………………………………………..............……
 Playstation

Crossword
Have you read the article on
jeans? Then complete the
crossword with the correct
definitions.
14 1
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2
1. Cut with scissors or a knife
2. A synonym of work 5 6 7
3. Something which lasts a 3
long time
4. Suitable for men and
women
5. New kind of ‘organic’ 4
jeans
6. Famous, but not in a good
way
7. Italian city which exported
jeans material to America
8
8. French town which gave
us the word denim

Time words
Fill in the gaps using the correct time word

since always ever

1. Hirst had to apply a number of times to get into art college ............................................
he had left school.

2. This was the most expensive work by a living artist ............................................ sold. once
3. The ............................................ famous spotty river boat which links two of London’s
most important galleries, Tate Britain and the Tate Modern, was painted using one of

his designs.

4. During the 90s Hirst was ............................................ in the newspapers because of his
bad behaviour as much as his art! often
5. However, ............................................ having children, he lives a much quieter life in an
old farmhouse in Devon.

6. He has been called a ‘shockaholic’ – someone who is ............................................ now

trying to shock people.
Answers on page 15.
 primary elementary lower- intermediate intermediate advanced
school intermediate advanced

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CONTENT.

3.now, 4.often, 5.since, 6.always.

Pag. 12-13: Pag. 14: Crossword: 1.slashed, 2.labour, 3.hard wearing, 4.unisex, 5.eco jeans, 6.infamous, 7.Genova, 8.Nîmes. Time words: 1.once, 2.ever,
3. Thames, 4. threat, 5. gates, 6. barrier, 7. flood, 8. massive, 9. warming, 10. London, 11. storm: Netherlands. Pag. 6-7: B. Pag. 8-9: 1. F, 2. D, 3. E, 4. C, 5. A, 6. B.
ANSWERS: Page 3: boy, champion, cup, France, journalists, year, players, rugby, spectators, tournament, was: netball. Pag. 4-5: 1. defence, 2. agency,
.
Star Quality

For over ten years Leonardo

DiCaprio has been one of
Hollywood’s hottest stars. What
lies beneath that public image?
Leonardo tells us in his own
words.

Leonardo
DiCaprio

Tassa Riscossa/Taxe Perçue

On Being an Actor
‘All the films I do are an opportunity
for me to learn something. When
you act you have to become part
historian, part detective. It’s like
being on a college course. That
aspect is really important to me
because I didn’t go to college!’
Fame
‘After the success of Titanic I had to stop
working for a time because I was
constantly surrounded by fans.
Wherever I went a whole group of
photographers always went with me
and I really couldn’t get used to all that.
But now I am older I understand that
those things are part of the world that I
live in and you just have to accept them.’

(Conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n. 46) Art. 1, comma 1, DCB - Ancona

In 2005 Leonardo DiCaprio was
awarded the Golden Globe for
his outstanding role in the film
The Aviator which was directed
by his mentor, Martin Scorsese.
Name:
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio
Date of Birth:
11/11/1974
Commitment
‘I recently adopted an orphan from
South Africa. I am also active supporter
of Amnesty International and Global
Witness. I have produced two
documentaries and a feature film called,
The 11th Hour, which deals with the
environmental problems we are facing
today. You can find them on my website
www.leonardodicaprio.org. I am very
concerned about the environment and
Teen n. 7 - 2007 - Poste Italiane S.P.A. - Sped. in abb. post. - D.L. 353/2 003

try to live in an ecologically sustainable

Place of Birth: way. My dream is to wake up one
Los Angeles morning and be able to say: at last,
things have really changed!’

Forthmacusercoming Films
The Chancellor Manuscript (2008): Here Leonardo plays Peter Chancellor, in a film
based on the Robert Ludlum novel of the same name.
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (2008): In this film, directed by Martin Scorsese, he
plays the 26th President of the United States, Theodore “Teddy” Roosvelt. The film is
based on the Pulitzer prize-winning biography of Roosevelt by Edmund Morris.