trigly ce rid es

fou r p ar t 5
un it g.j.rowlands
©anna_t@flickr
 fats

can

©*Micky@flickr
taste...
©Mrs Magic@flickr
good!
 provide
more energy
than
carbohydrate
or protein

©swisscan@flickr
but...
 is
not
very
good for s
u

©Pixar / Disney
 O

O
O

O
triglycerides
 OH

OH

OH
glycerol

triglyceride
formation
 OH
O
OH 3x HO R
OH
glycerol fatty acid

triglyceride
formation
 OH
O
OH 3x HO R
OH
glycerol fatty acid

O R
O

O R

O R
triglyceride
O triglyceride formation
natural
fats oils
and

©Shereen M (away)@flickr
 fatty acids

HO
myristic acid
©JustABigGeek@flickr
 fatty acids

HO

oleic acid
 fatty acids

HO

©Chris & Lara Pawluk@flickr

linolenic acid
saturated
fat

HO

©Thomas Hawk@flickr
unsaturated
fat

HO

©darwin bell@flickr
 O

HO

polyunsaturated
fat ©Marco Veringa@flickr
always
cis-alkenes

HO
trans-fatty are processed

acids

HO
©cultr.sun@flickr
saturated
chains

CO2H
saturated
chains

CO2H

pack well
high
melting points

©niznoz@flickr
solids
kinked
unsaturated
chains

CO2H
kinked
unsaturated
chains

CO2H

don’t
 low
melting points

©☻mrhappy☻@flickr
oils
reactions

©euthman@flickr
 O

HO

addition
Br Br
reactions
O Br
Br
HO
 O

HO

H H
metal
catalyst
hydrogenation
O H
H
HO
 O unsaturated

HO

H H
metal
catalyst
hydrogenation
O H
H
HO

saturated
 of
synthesis
margarine
©NontrivialMatt@flickr
ester
hydrolysis

O NaOH O
R2 HO R2
R1 O R1 O Na

saponification
 ester hydrolysis
O

O
O

O
NaOH
H2O
OH
3x O
OH
Na O
OH
 soap

Na O
 how
does
soap
work?
 O

Na O

polar non-polar
hydrophilic hydrophobic
micelle

hydrophobic
pocket
micelle hydrophilic
carboxylate
interacts
with water

ion-dipole
interactions
grease / dirt

hydrophobic
 non-polar
micelle
hydrophobic
portion inside
away from water
detergents

polar non-polar
hydrophilic hydrophobic
head tail
synthesis of a
detergent

H2SO4
electrophilic
aromatic substitution

HO3S
NaOH

Na O3S
stronger
acid

more
©fdecomite@flickr
robust
anionic
detergent

O
S
O
O
cationic
detergent

Cl
 cationic
detergent

Cl

germicidal
©AJC1@flickr
 fatty acid
metabolism
1 hydrolysis
O

O
O

O
your
belly
OH
3x O
OH
O
OH
2 metabolism
O

CoA-SH
esterification
(coenzyme A)
O
CoA
S

dehydrogenation H H
O
CoA
S
2 metabolism
O
CoA
S

hydration H2O
O OH
CoA
S
H
oxidation H H

O O
CoA
S
2 metabolism
O O
CoA
S

CoA-SH C–C
(coenzyme A) splitting

O
CoA
S

O
CoA
S
 and
repeat

©estherase@flickr
 energy
from
breaking
bonds

C H
©laverrue@flickr
 O

HO

more
C–H
than
O

HO
 fat
stores

2x
energy
of
©Great Beyond@flickr
sugar
thanks
to
Trevor Kitson