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Firesafety:
FlameRetardant
FlameRetardantAndSpillTreatmentContactUsForMoreDetails!
Introduction:
Eac hyear,morethan4,000Americ ans dieinfires ,morethan25,000areinjuredinfires,andmorethan
100firefightersarek illedwhileonduty.Eighty threeperc entofallc iv ilianfiredeaths occ urredin
res idences.Manyofthes efires c ouldhav ebeenprev ented.
Cookingis thethirdleadingc aus eoffiredeaths andtheleading
c aus eofinjury amongpeopleages 65andolder.Direc tlos s dueto
firesises timatedatnearly $8.6billionannually.Intentionally s et
s tructurefires res ultedinanes timated$664millioninproperty
damage.
Inordertoprotecty ours elf,itis importanttounders tandthebas ic
c haracteris ticsoffire.
Fireis FAST.Injus ttwominutes ,afirec anbec omelifethreatening.
Infiv eminutes ,ares idenc ec anbeengulfedinflames .
Fireis DARK.Fireproduc es gas es thatmak ey oudis orientedanddrows y.Ins teadofbeingawakened
byafire,youmay fallintoadeepers leep.Asphyx iationis theleadingc aus eoffiredeaths ,exceeding
burns by athreetooneratio.
Fireis HOT.Heatandsmok efromfirec anbemoredangerous thantheflames .Inhalingthesuperhot
aircans earyourlungs .
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FireSafety
ElementsofCombustion:
Ox y gen
Fuel
Heat
Chemic alreac tion
Types&Applications
ClassA
Clas sAfires arefires inordinarycombustibless uc has wood,paper,cloth,trash,
andplastics.
ClassB
Clas sBfires arefires inflammableliquidssuc has gasoline,petroleumoilandpaint.
Clas sBfires alsoinc ludeflammablegasess uc has propaneandbutane.Clas s Bfires
donotincludefiresinv olv ingc ook ingoils andgreas e.
ClassC
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FireSafety
ClassD
Clas sDfiresarefires incombustiblemetalss uc has potassium,
sodium,aluminum,andmagnesium.
ClassK
Clas sKfires arefires incookingoilsandgreasessuc has animalsfatsand
vegetablefats.
TypesofFireExtinguishers
WaterandFoam
WaterandFoamfireex tinguis hers ex tinguis hthefireby tak ingaway theheatelement
ofthefiretriangle.Foamagents als os eparatetheoxygenelementfromtheother
elements .
Waterex tinguishers areforClass Afires only they s houldnotbeus edonClas s BorC
fires.Thedischarges treamc oulds preadtheflammableliquidinaClas s Bfireorc ould
c reateas hockhaz ardonaClas sCfire.
CarbonDioxide
CarbonDioxidefireextinguis hers ex tinguis hfireby tak ingaway theoxygenelementof
thefiretriangleandals oberemov ingtheheatwithav ery c olddisc harge.
Carbondioxidec anbeus edonClas s B&Cfires .They areus ually ineffec tiv eonClas s
Afires .
DryChemical
DryChemicalfireex tinguis hers ex tinguis hthefireprimarily by interruptingthechemicalreactionof
thefiretriangle.Today 's mos twidely us edtypeoffireex tinguis heris themultipurpos edry c hemicalthat
is effectiveonClas sA,B,andCfires .This agentals owork s by c reatingabarrierbetweentheoxygen
elementandthefuelelementonClas s Afires.
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FireSafety
WetChemical
WetChemicalis anewagentthatex tinguishes thefireby remov ingthe
heatofthefiretriangleandprev ents reignitionby c reatingabarrier
betweentheoxygenandfuelelements .
WetchemicalofClas s Kex tinguis hers weredev elopedformodern,high
effic ienc ydeepfatfry ers inc ommerc ialcook ingoperations .Somemay
als obeusedonClas s Afires incommerc ialk itc hens .
DryPowder
DryPowderextinguis hers ares imilartodry c hemic alex c eptthatthey ex tinguis hthe
firebys eparatingthefuelfromtheoxygenelementorby remov ingtheheatelementof
thefiretriangle.
However,drypowderextinguis hers areforClas s Dorc ombus tiblemetalfires ,only.
They areineffectiv eonallotherc las s es offires .
CartridgeOperatedDryChemical
CartridgeOperatedDryChemicalfireextinguishers ex tinguis hthefireprimarily by
interruptingthechemicalreactionofthefiretriangle.
Lik ethestoredpres s uredry c hemicalex tinguis hers ,themultipurpos edry c hemic alis
effec tiveonClas s A,B,andCfires .This agentals owork s by c reatingabarrierbetween
theox ygenelementandthefuelelementonClas s Afires .
Ordinary drychemic alis forClas sB&Cfires only.Itis importanttous ethec orrec t
extinguis herforthety peoffuel!Us ingtheincorrec tagentc anallowthefiretoreignite
afterapparently beingex tinguis heds uc c ess fully.
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FireExtinguisher
FireSafety
FireProtection
FireAlarmSystem
TheRulesforFightingFires
JustrememberthethreeA's
ACTIVATEthebuildingalarms y s temornotify thefiredepartmentby c allingemergenc y.Or,hav e
s omeoneelsedothis fory ou.
ASSISTany pers ons inimmediatedanger,orthos einc apableontheirown,toexitthebuilding,without
ris k toy ourself.
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FireSafety
FireExtinguisherUse
Itis importanttok nowtheloc ations andthety pes ofex tinguis hers inyour
work plac epriortoac tually us ingone.
Fireextinguis hers c anbeheav y,soit's agoodideatoprac tic epic k ingup
andholdinganex tinguis hertogetanideaoftheweightandfeel.
Taketimetoreadtheoperatingins truc tions andwarnings foundonthefire
extinguis herlabel.Notallfireex tinguis herslook alik e.
Practic ereleas ingthedis c hargehoseorhornandaimingitatthebas eof
animaginedfire.Donotpullthepinors queez ethelev er.This willbreak
theex tinguishers ealandc aus eittolos epres s ure.
Whenitistimetousetheextinguisheronafire,justrememberPASS!
Pullthepin.
Aimthenozz leorhos eatthebas eofthefirefromtherec ommendedsafedis tanc e.
Squeez etheoperatinglev ertodis c hargethefireex tinguis hingagent.
Startingattherec ommendeddis tance,Sweepthenoz z leorhos efroms idetos ideuntilthefireis out.
Moveforwardoraroundthefireareaas thefirediminis hes .Watc htheareainc as eofreignition.
FlammableandCombustibleMaterials
Ignitableliquidsgeneratev apors thatburn.Vapors may trav els ignific antdis tanc es beforereachinga
heats ourc eorbuildupinanenc los eds pac eandc aus eanex plosion.Minimiz ingtheamountoffuelin
y ourareasandproperly storingmaterials youhav e,aretwoimportantway s ofprev entingfires.
Ignitableliquidsaredes ignatedas flammableorc ombus tible,dependingonflas hpointandboilingpoint.
Flammableandc ombustiblematerials arefurtherdes ignatedas Class IorClas s II.This isimportant,
asdifferentstoragerules apply toeac hc las s .
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FireSafety
Allflammableandc ombus tibleliquids mus tbes toredinapprov ed,s ealedc ontainers .Approved
c ontainers inc ludetheoriginal(fac tory)c ontainerordes ignateds afety c an.
Amaximumof10gallons (40liters )ofClass Iflammableliquidmay bes toredina
roomouts ideofaflammables toragec abinet.Additionalflammableliquids mus tbe
k eptinanapprovedc abinet.
ElectricalSafety
Electric als ourc es arec ommonc aus es offires ,s hoc k s ,andburns .Improperly maintainedoroperated
electricalequipmentmay s hort,arc ,orov erheat,c reatinganignitionpoint.
ExtensionCords,Outlets,andSurgeProtectors
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FireSafety
FireDoorsandWedges
MostbuildingsatIowaStateUniv ersity haveanumberoffiredoors tores is tthes preadofflames and
s moke.Ifus edproperly,firedoors c ontainfires andprotec tex itpas s ages.Firedoors c anbeidentified
byaratingplateorthepres enc eofac los ingdevic e.
Afiredoorc anbeheldopenwithanapprov eddoormec hanis mthat
willautomatic ally c los ethedoorintheev entofafire.
Nev erplac eobjects inthes wingofafiredoor.
Evennonfirerateddoors c anhelps topthes preadoffireand
s moke.Clos ethemwhenleav ingattheendoftheday,orwhen
ev ac uatingfromafire.
Donotdisablethec los ingdev ic eonany door.
Donotholdafiredooropenwithawedge,wire,s tring,orotherunapprov edmethods .
Ac haircanbeus edtoholdopenanoffic edoor,buts houldbec los edwhenleav ingtheoffice.
Donotpanic iffiredoors c los ewhenanalarmgoes off.This is normalandy ouc ans tillex it
throughthes edoors ,ifthey aredes ignatedemergenc y ex itroutes .
SprinklerSystems
Sprink lersystems areaneffec tiv emethodforex tinguis hingfires before
they growoutofc ontrol.Ittak es as littleas155toac tiv ateas prink ler
andreleas epress uriz edwater.Only thesprink lers thataredirec tly
c ontac tedby highheatfromafirewillac tivate,open,ands howerthefire
withcoolingwater.Tobeeffective,theheads mus tremainundamagedand
unobs truc ted.Youc anhelpens ures ys temoperationinthefollowingway s :
Learntoidentifys prink lerheads
Notallsprink lerheads look alik e.
Learnwherethes prink lerheads areinyourarea.
ContactFP&MorDepartmentofRes idenc e(DOR)(dependingonloc ation)ify ouseeadamaged
orleakingsprink lerhead.
Location
A.Conspicuous &c learly v is ible
B.Readilyac c essibleforimmediateus e
C.Loc atedalongnormalpaths oftrav el&ex it
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FireSafety
D.Notbloc ked
E.Keptindes ignatedloc ations whennotbeingus ed
F.Installedonhangers,brac k ets,inc abinets ,orons helv es
G.40lbsorlessex tinguis hers topoftheextinguis hernotmorethan31/2feetabov ethefloor.
H.Class A&DEx tinguishers trav eldis tanc e75feetorles s
I.Clas s BExtinguis hers trav eldis tanc e50feetorless
J .Clas s CEx tinguis hers nominimumtraveldis tanc eloc ateinareas withelec tric aldis tribution
equipment
IV.Markings
A.Classificationmark ings locatedonthefrontofthes hellB.Mark ings mus tbelegiblefromadistance
of3feet.
V.InspectionandMaintenance
A.Monthlychecksfor
1.Ins pectionTag
2.Antitamperseal
3.Weightorpress urec hec k
4.Damageormis s ingparts
5.Rus torc orrosion
B.Maintenance
1.Remov efroms erv ic e&plac eas pareinloc ation
2.Only trained&c ertifiedpeoplemay repairorfillex tinguis hers
VI.ExtinguisherUse
A.Onlywhenusedoes notpresentpers onalhaz ardfromfire
B.PASSSystem
1.PPullPin
2.AAimatbaseoffire
3.SSqueezetheac tuatinghandle
4.SSweepfroms idetos ide
C.Class CfiresturnoffpowerNev ertouc helec tric alequipmentorbox es withany partofthe
extinguis hershoc k haz ard
D.Neverallowafullorempty ex tinguis hertos tanduprightfallingc y linderc ouldbreak offvalv eand
c aus eamissilehaz ard
E.Neverplaceanempty orpartially dis c hargedex tinguis herbac k init's loc ationreplac ewithafully
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FireSafety
Fireextinguishersmustbe:
1.Approvedby arec ogniz edtes tinglaboratory
5.Ins pectedandmaintainedonaregularbas is
FirePreventionPlan
Employersneedtoimplementawrittenfireprev entionplantoc omplementthefireev acuation
plan.Stoppingunwantedfires fromoc c urringis themos teffic ientway tohandlethem.
Hous ek eepingproc eduresfors torageandc leanupofflammablematerials andflammablewaste
mus tbeinc ludedintheplan.
Proc edures forc ontrollingwork plac eignitions ourc es s uc has
s moking,weldingandburningmus tbeaddres s edintheplan.Heat
producingequipments uc has burners,heatex c hangers ,boilers ,
ov ens,s toves ,fryers ,etc .,mus tbeproperly maintainedandk ept
c leanofac c umulations offlammableresidues .
Allemploy eesaretobeappris edofthepotentialfirehaz ardsoftheir
jobandtheproc edures c alledforintheemploy er's fireprev ention
plan.Theplanshallberev iewedwithallnewemploy ees whenthey
begintheirjobandwithallemploy ees whentheplanis changed.
AdditionalTipsForFireSafety
SpaceHeatersNeedSpace
Keepportableands paceheaters atleas t3feetfromany thingthatmay burn.Nev erleav eheaters on
wheny ouleavehomeorgotos leep.Childrenandpets s houldalway s bek eptaway fromthem.
SmokersNeedToBeExtraCareful
Nev ers mokeinbedorwheny ouares leepy.Careles s lydis c ardedc igarettes arealeadingcaus eof
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FireSafety
firedeaths intheUnitedStates .
BeCarefulCooking
Keepcook ingareas c learofc ombus tibles andwearshortortightfittings leev es wheny oucook.Keep
thehandlesofyourpots turnedinwards othey donotov erhangthes tov e.Ifgreas ec atc hesfire,
c arefullys lidealidov erthepanands mothertheflames ,thenturnofftheburner.
MatchesandLightersareDangerous
Inthehands ofac hild,matc hes andlighters c anbedeadly !Storethemwherek ids c an'treachthem,
preferably inaloc k edarea.Teachc hildrenthatmatc hes andlighters are"tools "ands houldonly be
usedby adults .
UseElectricitySafely
Ifanapplianc esmok es orhas anunus ualsmell,unplugitimmediately and
haveitrepaired.Replac efray edorcrac k edelec tric alc ords anddon't
overloadex tensionc ords.Theys houldnotberununderrugs .Nev er
tamperwiththefusebox orus etheimpropers iz efus e.
CoolaBurn
Ifs omeonegetsburned,immediatelyplac ethewoundunderc oolwaterfor
10to15minutes.Iftheburnblis tersorchars ,s eeadoc torimmediately !
BeCarefulofHalogenLights
Ify ouhav ehalogenlights ,mak es uretheyareaway fromflammabledrapes andlowc eilingareas .
Nev erleavethemonwheny ouleav ey ourhomeoroffic e.
Workplacefiresafetyprecaution:
AControllingsourcesofignition
Remov eunnec es s ary s ourc es ofheatfromthework plac e.
Mak esurethaty ourmac hinery andequipmenthasbeendes ignedto
limittheris k offireandex plos ions .
Mak esurethatally ourelec tric alequipmentis regularly s erv ic edandfit
forthepurposeitis beingus edfor.
Smokings houldonly beallowedins afeareas away fromany s ourc es offuel.
Mak esurethatany proc ess es inv olv ing'hotwork '(s uc has welding)areproperly managedand
c ontrolled.
Keepinasafec onditionany equipmentthatc ouldprov ideas ourc eofignition.
BLimitingthefuelforafire
Remov eorreduc eflammablematerials ands ubs tanc es andreplac ethemwithles s flammable
ones ifpos s ible.
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FireSafety
CDetectingandwarningaboutfires
Youmusthaveaneffectivewayof:
detectingany fires and
warningpeopleiny ourwork plac equic k ly enoughtoallowthemtoes c apetoas afeplacebefore
thefirespreads andmak es itmorediffic ultforthemtoleav ethebuilding.
Detectingafire
Considerarrangements fordetec tingafire.Yous houlddec idewhether
y ouneedtoins tallautomatic firedetec tors ors mokealarms .These
maynotbenec es s ary ins mallerwork plac es
Warningaboutafire
Insmallerwork plac es whereallex itsarec learly markedand
employeesonly needtotrav elas hortdis tanc etoes c ape,y ou
may onlyneedtogiv eas houtedwarning.
Ifemployees ares preadoutov erawiderareaandy ouc annot
guaranteethatthey willhearas houtedwarning,y ouc ouldus eamanually operateds ounder(for
ex ample,arotary gongorahandbell).
Largerpremis es may needanelec tricalalarms y s temwithmanualc allpoints .
Ifthereisalotofbac k groundnois einy ourwork plac eory ouhav eanemploy eewithahearing
problem,y oumay als oneedtoins tallav isualalarm,s uc has adis tinc tiv eflas hingorrotating
light.
DEscapingafire
Oncepeopleareawareofafire,they s houldbeabletoleav ethebuildings afely.Whenc ons idering
howyouremploy ees c anes c apeifthereis afire,y ous houldthink about:
thesizeofthework place,howitisbuilt,its lay out,its c ontents andthenumberandwidthof
av ailableesc aperoutes
wherepeoplemaybeinthework placeandwhatthey mightbedoingwhenafires tarts
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FireSafety
Emergencyplan
Youshouldprepareanemergency planwhic hprov ides c learins truc tions on:
theactionemploy ees s houldtak eiftheydis c ov erafire
howpeoplewillbewarnedifthereis afire
howthework plac es houldbeev ac uated
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FireSafety
EFightingfires
Allworkplacesshouldhaveequipmentforputtingoutfires.
Fireextinguishers
Portablefireex tinguis hers allows uitably trainedpeopleto
tac kleafireinits early s tages (iftheyc andos owithoutputting
themselvesindanger).
Whendec idingonthety pes ofex tinguis hers toprov ide,
c ons iderthematerialsy ouus eands toreiny ourwork plac e.
Fireex tinguis hers shouldbek eptinobvious pos itions on
es c aperoutes andclos etohighrisk ac tiv ities s uchas welding.
Ifpossible,fireex tinguis herss houldbes ecurely hungonwallbrac k ets andnotplac eddirec tly on
thefloor.
Fireblankets
Fireblank ets s houldbek eptnearthefirehaz ardthey willbeus edon.
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FireSafety
FMaintainingandtestingfireprecautions
Youmustk eepfires afety meas ures andequipmentinthework plac eineffec tiv ework ingorder.This
inc ludes thefollowing:
Firedetectionandalarms y stems
Firefightingequipment
Firedoors
Stairway s
Corridors
Emergencylighting
Firenotices
Youwillneedto:
appointac ompetentpers on(s omeonewiththenec es s ary k nowledge,ex perienc eandability )to
c arry outregularc heck s ,
s ervicingandmaintenanc e,whatev erthes iz eofthework plac e
putanyfaults rightas quic k ly as pos sible
k eeparecordofthework c arriedout
c arry outregularfiredrills and
appointac ompetentpers ontoac tasfirewarden,bothduringfiredrills andifthereis afire.
GHousekeeping
Goodhousekeepingwillreduc ethepos s ibilityofafires tarting.Somes ugges tions areas follows.
Donotallowrubbis h,was tepaperorothermaterialwhichc ouldcatc hfiretobuildup.
Donotstorelargeamounts offlammablematerials unless this is abs olutely nec es s ary.
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FireSafety
Storeflammablematerials inanappropriateplace.
Turnoffelec tric alequipmentwhenitis notbeingus ed(unles s itis des ignedtobepermanently
c onnected).
Mak esurethaty oudonotleav ematerialwhichc ouldeas ily c atc hfirec los etoas ourceofheat.
Mak esurethatmac hinery andany offic eequipmentis wellv entilatedandregularly c leaned.
HFiresafetyinformationforemployees
Information
Youshouldgiv ey ouremploy ees informationaboutfireprec autions inthework plac eandwhattodoif
thereisafire.
Youalsoneedtoconsideremployeeswho:
work outs idenormalwork inghours
work alone
hav edisabilities or
hav ecommunic ationdiffic ulties .
Makes urethatyouprov idetrainingandwritteninformationinaway y ouremploy ees c anunderstand.
Youshouldgiveallemployeesinformationabout:
whic hescaperoutetous efromwherethey arework ingand
thefirewarnings y s temus edintheareathey arework ingin.
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FireSafety
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