As 1666.2-1995 Wire-Rope Slings - Care and Use

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Title: AS 1666.2-1995 Wire-rope slings - Care and use
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AS 1666.21995
Australian Standard
Wire-rope slings
Part 2: Care and use
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/25, Lifting Tackle. It was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 29 May 1995 and
published on 5 November 1995.
The following interests are represented on Committee ME/25:

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Chamber of Manufactures
Australian Forging Group
Australian Maritime Safety Authority
Department of Defence
Department of Employment, Vocational Education, Training and Industrial
Relations, Qld
Department of Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare, W.A.
Health and Safety Organization, Vic.
Institution of Engineers, Australia
Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia
Tasmania Development and Resources
Work Health Authority, N.T.
WorkCover Authority of N.S.W.
Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australi an Standards are
subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as
necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest
editi on, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The
Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications,
new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards
Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard
should be made wit hout delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94113.
AS 1666.21995
Australian Standard
Wire-rope slings
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 9891 3
AS 1666.2 1995
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Lifting Tackle, to
supersede in part AS 16661976, Wire-rope slings.
The other Standard in this series covering wire-rope slings is Part 1: Product
specification.
This Standard is a revision of Appendices B and D of AS 1666 1976, and includes the
following changes:
(a)
The requirements are mostly written in mandatory terms.
(b)
Reduction load factors are specified for hand-spliced slings (Table 2).
(c)
The special ratings for three-leg slings and four-leg slings carrying a flexible load
have been removed.
(d)
A 50 percent deration is required for soft eyes that interface with pins having a
diameter of less than two rope diameters (Clause 9(m)).
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral
part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and
guidance.
Copyright
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Care should be taken to ensure that materi al used is from the curr ent edit ion of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
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AS 1666.2 1995
CONTENTS
Page
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GUIDE FOR USE OF ROPES . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RECEIPT OF SLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CARE DURING USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIMITATIONS FOR USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SAFE WORKING LOAD (SWL) . . . . . . . . . . .
INSPECTION OF SLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TYPES OF DAMAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISCARDING SLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.. .
. ..
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...
...
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...
...
...
.. .. .. ... ........... 4
............ ... .. .. . 4
.. .. ... ... .. ..... ... 4
.. ...... .... ... .. .. . 4
...... ... .. .. .. .. ... 4
. .. .. .. .. ... ........ 4
..... ... .. .. .. .. ... . 5
........ ... .. .. .. .. . 5
..... ... ...... ... .. . 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
APPENDICES
A STAND ARDS FOR COMPONENTS USED IN LIFTING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . 15
B GUIDANCE FOR THE DESIGN OF ENGINEERED LIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
C SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SLINGS WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES 17
Originated as part of AS B286 1970.

Previous edit ion AS 1666 1976.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 1666.2 1995.
AS 1666.2 1995
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Wire-rope slings
1 SCOPE This Standard sets out recommended practices for the care and use of wirerope slings under general conditions of use.
NOTE: Standards for components used in lifting systems are listed in Appendix A.
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Standard:
AS
1418
1418.1
Cranes (including hoists and winches)

Part 1: General requirements
1666
1666.1
Wire-rope slings
Part 1: Product specification
2759
Steel wire ropeApplication guide
3569
Steel wire ropes
3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 1666.1
apply.
4 GUIDE FOR USE OF ROPES The advice given in AS 2759 for selecting, handling,
storing, cutting, fitting, socketing, splicing, lubricating, inspecting and discarding steelwire ropes shall be followed.
5 RECEIPT OF SLINGS As soon as a sling is received, it should be unpacked and
checked for any evidence of corrosion and physical damage.
6 STORAGE Prior to storage, slings shall be examined to determine whether they are
sufficiently lubricated.
Slings should not be stored on the ground, even for short periods. Slings shall be stored
on well-ventilated racks or supports where they are not subjected to deterioration or other
types of damage. The racks or supports shall be of material that will not cause corrosion
of the wire rope and located above the floor and away from damp areas, humid
atmosphere, corrosive fumes, sprays, dust, excessive heat, and locations where they could
be damaged by moving equipment or falling objects.
During relatively long periods of storage, slings shall be periodically
(a)
examined for any sign of deterioration;
(b)
repositioned in different orientations, to assist the lubricant to remain distributed

through the wires in the rope; and
(c)
lubricated whenever the sling contains insufficient lubricant to protect the wires in
the rope from corrosion (a loss of lubricant may occur during storage).
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AS 1666.2 1995
7 CARE DURING USE Slings are prone to damage. They are weakened by broken
wires, corrosion, chemical attack, overheating, wear, physical abuse, overloading, kinking
and flattening of eyes.
Safety in the application and use of wire-rope slings can be achieved by taking the
following precautions:
(a)
Select materials and types of sling that are suitable for the application.
(b)
Maintain lubrication of the wires in slings.
(c)
Examine slings prior to use.
(d)
Do not overload slings.
(e)
Do not abuse slings.
(f)
When applying a choke hitch, allow the angle of choke to form naturally, without
being hammered.
(g)
Protect ropes against damage from sharp corners or projections around which they
pass. Bends having a radius of less than the diameter of the rope will cause
permanent damage to the rope.
(h)
Protect terminations against damage from sharp corners and projections.
(i)
Avoid loading terminations in a non-axial manner (see Item 9(j)).
8 LIMITATIONS FOR USE The following limitations apply to the use of slings and
sling assemblies, typical examples of which are illustrated in Figures 1 to 13:
(a)
Splices in ropes shall not be bent around corners or edges, whether sharp or curved.
(b)
The inside radius of any bend in a wire rope around a corner of a load (i.e. except
at the point of reeving of choke hitches) shall be not less than
(i)
the rope diameter where the included angle of the bend in the rope is more
than 90 degrees (see Figure 1(a)); and
(ii)
five times the rope diameter where the included angle of the bend in the rope
is not more than 90 degrees (see Figure 1(b)).
FIGURE 1
(c)
MINIMUM INSIDE RADII OF WIRE ROPES
Where an endless sling or a soft eye of a sling interfaces with a fitting

(i)
the supporting surface of the fitting shall have a diameter of not less than the
rope diameter; and also
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AS 1666.2 1995
(ii)
where the diameter of such a supporting surface is less than two rope
diameters, the sling shall be derated by 50 percent in accordance with
Item (m) of Clause 9.
(d)
Reeved slings shall not support a load while they have an angle of choke (nip angle)
exceeding 120 degrees (see Figure 2).
(e)
Where a two-leg sling or two single-leg slings are secured by a single-wrap choke
hitch, the angle between the legs shall not exceed 45 degrees (see Figure 7).
(f)
Where a two-leg sling or two single-leg slings are each wrapped twice around the
load and secured by a choke hitch, the angle between the legs shall not exceed
60 degrees (see Figure 8).
(g)
The angles between the legs of slings in a single-wrap basket hitch shall not exceed
45 degrees (see Figure 9) .
(h)
The angles between the legs of slings in a double-wrap basket hitch shall not exceed
60 degrees (see Figure 10).
(i)
The angles from the vertical to each of the legs of multi-leg slings shall not exceed
60 (see Figures 11 to 13).
(j)
Where multi-leg slings are connected to a crane hook, they should be connected by
an intermediate component so that the load is supported axially through the crane
hook (see Figures 9 to 13).
(k)
A saddle of a hook should not support more than two sling legs.
(l)
The latch mechanism of a hook shall not support any force while the hook is
supporting a load.
9 SAFE WORKING LOAD (SWL) Slings shall not be used to lift a load that exceeds
the SWL of the sling for the particular conditions of use. The SWL of the sling shall be
consistent with the method of lift and reeving, and allow for any excessive dynamic load
effects and any abnormal or severe working condition.
The SWL of a sling assembly shall be calculated from the equation
SWL = R c R t R o P / (5 9.81)
where
Rc = Factor for the particular configuration (see Table 1)
Rt = Factor for the particular termination (see Table 2)
Ro = Factor for the other derations that apply for the particular lift (see
Items (b), (c), (j), (k) and (l) below).
P = The minimum breaking force as specified for the particular rope in
AS 3569, in kilonewtons
Where the configuration is not covered by the label, users shall always consult a sling
load chart. Appendix C gives sling load charts for slings fitted with ferrule-secured eyes.
The SWL for each application of a wire-rope sling shall comply with the following:
(a)
General use General conditions of use are equivalent to a group classification of

crane mechanisms of M3 as specified in AS 1418.1. Under general conditions of
use, the SWL of a sling is normally equal to the WLL.
(b)
Non-general use Under other than general conditions of use (e.g. severe
conditions, hazardous conditions, directly supporting personnel), the SWL shall be
determined by the group classification of crane mechanisms as specified in
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AS 1666.2 1995
AS 1418.1 for the conditions of use that apply. Under specified or unusual
conditions of use (e.g. a high-temperature environment, handling dangerous
substances), the use of a derating that is more than the relevant derating specified in
AS 1418.1 may be required.
(c)
Engineered lifts Where an engineered lifting situation exists that uses slings that
are designed for a special purpose, such as large slings that are individually
designed and incorporated into an engineered lift, it may be appropriate to use lower
factors of safety than those specified for general use under Item (a) above. A guide
for the design of engineered lifts is given in Appendix B. In such cases, an appraisal
shall be undertaken by a competent person, who shall consider both the lifting
apparatus and the lifting procedure that is proposed.
(d)
Grommet and double-part sling legs The WLL of each grommet (that is not a
cable-laid grommet) and each double-part sling leg shall be not more than 1.5 times
the WLL of a single-part sling.
(e)
Non-vertically orientated leg of a sling The SWL of a non-vertically oriented leg

of a sling shall allow for its inclination to the vertical.
(f)
Multi-leg slings The SWL of a general purpose multi-leg sling (i.e. a sling
assembly comprising two or more legs) shall be not more than that calculated for
only two of its legs to support a load having a symmetrical configuration with an
included angle between the two legs of 60 degrees.
The WLL for a multi-leg sling having an included angle of 60 degrees between the
legs shall not be exceeded, even when the included angle between the legs is less
than 60 degrees.
The included angle between the legs of a multi-leg sling shall not exceed
120 degrees.
The WLL of lifting components of a multi-leg sling shall be considered when
determining the WLL of the sling assembly.
(g)
Reeved slings The SWL of reeved wire-rope slings shall be not more than x times
the WLL of the wire rope, where
(i)
for round loads, x = 0.75; and
(ii)
for other than round loads, x = 0.5.
(h)
Sling assemblies Where components are attached to wire rope to make up sling
assemblies, the WLL of each component shall be compatible with the WLL of the
sling assembly and with the manner in which the component is used in the
assembly.
(i)
Configuration Table 1 give the factors R c that shall be used to allow for particular
configurations.
(j)
Non-axial loading The SWL of slings and end fittings shall be derated where they
are loaded in a non-axial manner.
(k)
Dynamic loading Where a sling application involves unusual dynamic loading of

the sling, the sling shall be derated.
(l)
Terminations
terminations.
(m)
Endless slings and soft eyes Except for reeving, where an endless sling or a soft
eye of a sling is interfaced with a component of less than two rope diameters (but
not less than one rope diameter, see Item (c)(i) of Clause 8), the sling shall be
derated by 50 percent.
Table 2 give the factors R t that shall be used to allow for particular
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AS 1666.2 1995
TABLE
FACTORS FOR CONFIGURATIONS (R c)

1
Factor Rc
Indirectly loaded
Type of sling
Single-part single leg
Method of reeving*
Directly
loaded
Directly loaded (i.e. unreeved)
Round
load
Other
than
round
load
0.75
0.5
2
1.73
1.41
1
1
0.87
0.71
0.5
1.12
0.75
3
2.6
2.12
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.06
0.75
1.3
1.3
0.87
0.87
Choke hitched
Basket hitched with an

included angle between
the legs of
Double-part single leg
0
60
90
120
Directly loaded (i.e. unreeved)
1.5
Choke hitched
Basket hitched with an
included angle between
the legs of
Assembly with 2 or 3
legs, with an included
angle between the
legs; or with 4 legs,
with an included angle
between opposite legs
of
0
60
90
120
Directly loaded:
60
90
120
Choke hitched:
Double wrapped 60
Single wrapped 45
Single wrapped 60
90
120
1.73
1.41
1
No part of a splice may be bent around an edge or a corner, whether sharp or curved.
Round loads with a diameter of less than 10 rope diameters shall use the factors in Column 5.
The inside radii of bends around corners of the load must be not less than
(a) where the included angle of the bend is more than 90 degrees, the diameter of the rope (see Figure 1(a)); and
(b) where the included angle of the bend is not more than 90 degrees, five times the diameter of the rope
(see Figure 1(b)).
Not permitted.
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TABLE
AS 1666.2 1995
FACTORS FOR TERMINATIONS (R t)

Type of termination
Diameter of rope
mm
Factor
Rt
Double-part slings and grommets
All
1.5
Ferrule-secured splice
80
0.95
>80
0.9
20
0.9
>20
0.8
Poured socket
All
Swaged fitting
All
Hand-spliced eye
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AS 1666.2 1995
FIGURE 2
10
USE OF PROTECTIVE
PACKING
FIGURE 3 A SIMPLE CHOKE HITCH

AROUND A ROUND LOAD
FIGURE 4 A SIMPLE CHOKE HITCH

AROUND A RECTANGULAR LOAD
FIGURE 5
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A DOUBLE-WRAP CHOKE
HITCH
11
FIGURE 6
A DOUBLED CHOKE HITCH
AS 1666.2 1995
FIGURE 7 TWO SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

USED IN A CHOKE HITCH

USED IN A DOUBLE-WRAP CHOKE HITCH
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USED IN A BASKET HITCH
AS 1666.2 1995
12

USED IN A DOUBLE-WRAP BASKET HITCH
FIGURE 12 A THREE-LEG SLING
FIGURE 11
A TWO-LEG SLING
FIGURE 13 A FOUR-LEG SLING
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13
AS 1666.2 1995
10 INSPECTION OF SLINGS A sling will eventually deteriorate as a result of

abrasive wear, wire breaks, loss of lubrication, corrosion and consolidation of the core
and rope strands. Damage is not always readily evident. The normal types of damage are
described in Clause 11.
Weakening effects are more serious on smaller sizes of rope than on larger sizes of rope
because of the greater ratio between the perimeter and cross-sectional area.
Good inspection practice will isolate causes of deterioration and enable the detection of
damage to wire rope and end fittings. This can improve storage, handling and application
practices. Advice on discarding of slings in given Clause 12.
Slings in storage shall be regularly inspected for deterioration and, when necessary,
withdrawn from use and discarded.
Each sling shall be inspected prior to each use to ensure that it is in a safe condition.
Slings used in circumstances, areas or atmospheres prone to acid, alkali, chemical or other
damaging action shall be inspected for possible deterioration prior to reuse. Inspection
shall give particular emphasis to
(a)
the load-bearing points;
(b)
examination of each strand along its length, opening the rope as much as practicable
to enable examination of the surfaces of the strands towards the inside of the rope;
(c)
end fittings; and
(d)
attachments.
11 TYPES OF DAMAGE Wire rope can be damaged in different ways and the
resulting damage can take the forms of external wear, local abrasion, broken wires,
internal wear, physical deterioration, corrosion, kinking and flattening of eyes, as follows:
(a)
Severe overloading of wire ropes is evidenced by an increasing rate of fracture of

the wires and excessive stretch under load accompanied by marked reduction in
diameter.
(b)
External wear can be caused by dragging the sling over rough surfaces and is the
most readily noticeable cause of weakness, particularly if a new sling is available
for comparison. In the extreme, the strands become so worn that their outer faces
are flattened and the outer wires severed. In normal use, some disarrangement or
breakage of the wires on the outside of the sling is unavoidable and is not normally
harmful unless extensive (see AS 2759).
(c)
Local abrasion, as distinct from external wear, can be caused by the passage of the
sling over sharp edges whilst under tension and can cause a serious loss of strength.
It is good economy to protect slings at points where excessive local abrasion can
occur.
(d)
Cuts, bruises and similar damage can be internal as well as external. This type of
damage is indicated by local rupturing or loosening of the wires or strands. It is
caused by lack of care in use such as hammering of the slings and careless
placement of the load.
(e)
Internal wear is caused by repeated flexing of the sling and by particles of grit
picked up in service. Internal wear is accelerated by lack of lubrication and by
corrosion.
(f)
Corrosion is caused by dampness and exposure to acids, alkalis, other chemicals,

flue gases, industrial dusts, ashes and similar substances.
(g)
High temperatures, such as are found in foundries, steel works and like applications,
reduce both the strength and the safety of a sling.
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AS 1666.2 1995
(h)
14
Distortion, permanent set or any physical deformation of end fittings, particularly at

load bearing points.
12 DISCARDING SLINGS Criteria for discarding wire rope because of wear or

damage are given in AS 2759.
It is difficult to define a standard of acceptance or rejection of a wire rope or wire-rope
sling. There are no well-defined criteria for deciding between slings that are safe and
those that are not, because any degree of safety depends upon the degree of deterioration
of the rope and the severity of service to which the sling is subjected. Any decision
whether or not to withdraw a sling from use shall be based on an assessment of the
general condition of the sling. The effect of wear and mechanical damage is relatively
greater with slings made from smaller diameter ropes, which would therefore require more
rigid standards of acceptance. After examination, if any doubt exists about the safety of a
sling, it shall be withdrawn from service.
Slight damage to the outer wires of a wire rope may be disregarded. Serious damage of
one strand or somewhat less serious damage to more than one strand however merits
rejection of the sling.
Slings with signs of detrimental corrosion shall be discarded.
Slings that are known to have been subjected to heavy impact load or loaded in a kinked
condition shall be destroyed and discarded.
Where a sling is known to have been or is suspected of having been severely overloaded,
it shall be discarded.
Where kinking is such that it creates a hazard in taking up loads, through possible hand
injuries or causing unevenness or jerking during loading, the kinked slings shall be
discarded.
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15
AS 1666.2 1995
APPENDIX A
STANDARDS FOR COMPONENTS USED IN LIFTING SYSTEMS

(Informative)
The following is a list of Australian Standards for components that are used in lifting
systems:
AS
1138
Thimbles for wire rope
1353
1353.1
1353.2
Flat synthetic-webbing slings

1380
Fibre-rope slings (of natural or synthetic rope)
1438
Wire-coil flat slings
1666
1666.1
1666.2
Wire-rope slings
2076
Wire rope grips
2089
Sheave blocks for lifting purposes
2317
Collared eyebolts
2318
Swivels for hoists
2319
Rigging screws and turnbuckles
2321
Short-link chain for lifting purposes (non-calibrated)
2740
Wedge-type sockets
2741
Shackles
2759
Steel wire ropeApplication guide
2841
Galvanized steel wire strand
3569
Steel wire ropes
3585
End fittings for flat-webbing slings
3775
Chain slingsGrade T
3776
Lifting components for Grade T chain slings
3777
Shank hooks and large-eye hooksMaximum 25 t
4142
4142.2
Fibre ropes
Part 2: Three-strand hawser-laid and eight-strand plaited
B291
Lifting rings and links
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AS 1666.2 1995
16
APPENDIX B
GUIDANCE FOR THE DESIGN OF ENGINEERED LIFTS

(Informative)
BI USE Where any of the following conditions apply, consideration should be given to
the use of an engineered lift:
(a)
The load weighs more than 100 t; however, this load may be less where any of the
conditions in Items (b) to (e) below apply.
(b)
The mass of the load is not evenly distributed.
(c)
The load has an irregular shape.
(d)
Load sharing devices, such as ramshorn hooks or equalizing beams, are to be used.
(e)
There is a limited duty cycle.
B2 DESIGN Determine the loading on each leg of each sling, which is a result of the
mass of the load, the location of the centre of gravity of the load, the rigidity of the load,
the angle of each leg of the sling to the vertical, the measured length of each leg of the
sling while under load, and the geometry and operation of any load sharing device. Other
factors to be taken into account are the following:
(a)
In a four-leg lift, any three of the legs of the sling may be capable of carrying all of
the load.
(b)
In specific cases, a lower factor of safety may be applicable (e.g. an overall factor
of safety of 4:1 may be acceptable for an engineered lift).
(c)
In offshore locations, other factors of safety may have been established, but may be
subject to a review by the relevant regulatory authority.
(d)
In a hazardous location or in a detrimental environment, an additional factor of

safety may be necessary.
(e)
Considerations for a bending of slings and efficiencies of eyes of slings may

necessitate an additional factor of safety.
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AS 1666.21995
APPENDIX C
SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SLINGS WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES

(Normative)
TABLE
C1
SAFE WORKING LOADS UNDER GENERAL USE OF SINGLE-PART SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

WITH 1570 GRADE WIRE AND FIBRE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
2
Direct
loaded
Choke hitch
Round
load
10
11
12
Basket hitch
Rectangular
load
Round load
Other than round load
Method of loading
Included angle
Loading factors
Rope
Nominal Minimum
diameter breaking
force
kN
mm
28.2
8
35.6
9
44.0
10
53.2
11
63.3
12
74.3
13
14
86.2
16
113
18
143
20
176
22
213
24
253
297
26
345
28
450
32
1
0.95
0.75
0.95
0.5
0.95
0
2
0.95
60
1.73
0.95
90
1.41
0.95
120
1
0.95
0
1
0.95
60
0.87
0.95
90
0.71
0.95
120
0.5
0.95
0.55
0.69
0.85
1.03
1.23
1.44
1.67
2.2
2.8
3.4
4.1
4.9
5.8
6.7
8.7
0.48
0.60
0.74
0.90
1.07
1.25
1.45
1.90
2.4
3.0
3.6
4.3
5.0
5.8
7.6
0.39
0.49
0.61
0.73
0.87
1.02
1.19
1.55
1.97
2.4
2.9
3.5
4.1
4.7
6.2
0.27
0.34
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.72
0.83
1.09
1.38
1.70
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.3
4.4
Safe working load

t
0.55
0.69
0.85
1.03
1.23
1.44
1.67
2.2
2.8
3.4
4.1
4.9
5.8
6.7
8.7
0.41
0.52
0.64
0.77
0.92
1.08
1.25
1.64
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.7
4.3
5.0
6.5
0.27
0.34
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.72
0.83
1.09
1.38
1.70
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.3
4.4
1.09
1.38
1.70
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.3
4.4
5.5
6.8
8.3
9.8
11.5
13.4
17.4
0.94
1.19
1.47
1.78
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.8
4.8
5.9
7.1
8.5
10.0
11.6
15.1
COPYRIGHT
0.77
0.97
1.20
1.45
1.73
2.0
2.4
3.1
3.9
4.8
5.8
6.9
8.1
9.4
12.3
0.55
0.69
0.85
1.03
1.23
1.44
1.67
2.2
2.8
3.4
4.1
4.9
5.8
6.7
8.7
AS 1666.2 1995
18
NO TES:
1 The following notes apply to Tables C1, C2, C3 and C4:
(a) The tables apply to slings with ferrule-secured eyes and the SWL values include a reduction factor of
0.95. Where a ferrule-secured eye is used on a rope with a diameter of more than 80 mm, a reduction
factor of 0.9 is used (see Table 2).
(b) The tables are based on general conditions of use with an M3 group classification of crane mechanisms
as specified in AS 1418.1.
(c) The tables apply to slings used for general purposes and are based on a factor of safety of 5.
(d) Where the sling is subject to unusual dynamic loading, the sling shall be derated.
(e) These loading factors and values are based on single-part sling legs. The SWL values may be increased
by 50 percent for double-part sling legs.
(f) Ropes shall be effectively protected from contact with sharp corners.
(g) Splices shall not be bent around edges or sharp corners.
(h) For slings with other types of termination, the relevant factor for terminations Rt as set out in Table 2
shall be used.
2 The following notes apply to Tables C1 and C2:
(a) The values are based on 1570 grade galvanized steel-wire ropes of 6 24 (15/9/F) construction with a
fibre core, as specified in Table 2.4 of AS 3569 1989.
(b) The SWL values may be applied to other constructions of 1570 grade steel-wire fibre-cored rope.
COPYRIGHT
19
AS 1666.2 1995
TABLE
C2
SAFE WORKING LOADS UNDER GENERAL USE OF

TWO-LEG, THREE-LEG AND FOUR-LEG SLINGS WITH 1570
GRADE WIRE AND FIBRE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
Choke hitch
Round load
Direct loaded
Single
wrap
Double
wrap
Other than round

load
Single
wrap
Double
wrap
Method of loading
Included angle
0 to 60
90
120
Loading factors
1.73
0.95
1.41
0.95
1
0.95
0 to 45 0 to 60 0 to 45
1.30
0.95
0 to 60
0.87
0.95
Rope
Nominal Minimum
diameter breaking
force
kN
mm
Safe working load

t
8
9
10
28.2
35.6
44.0
0.94
1.19
1.47
0.77
0.97
1.20
0.55
0.69
0.85
0.71
0.90
1.11
0.48
0.60
0.74
11
12
13
53.2
63.3
74.3
1.78
2.1
2.5
1.45
1.73
2.0
1.03
1.23
1.44
1.34
1.59
1.87
0.90
1.07
1.25
14
16
18
86.2
113
143
2.9
3.8
4.8
2.4
3.1
3.9
1.67
2.2
2.8
2.2
2.8
3.6
1.45
1.90
2.4
20
22
24
176
213
253
5.9
7.1
8.5
4.8
5.8
6.9
3.4
4.1
4.9
4.4
5.4
6.4
3.0
3.6
4.3
26
28
32
297
345
450
10.0
11.6
15.1
8.1
9.4
12.3
5.8
6.7
8.7
7.5
8.7
11.3
5.0
5.8
7.6
NO TES:
1 This Note applies to Tables C2 and C4.
This method of rating general-purpose multi-leg slings follows the principle that loads could
be supported by only two legs, the other legs only balancing the load. It makes allowance for
adverse conditions, such as unequal leg lengths, an uneven load shape, a rigid load and an offcentred centre of gravity.
The SWL for a multi-leg sling having an included angle of 60 degrees between the legs is the
maximum SWL for the sling, even when the included angle between the legs is less than
60 degrees. Under no circumstances should the included angle between the legs of a multi-leg
sling be allowed to exceed 120 degrees. The WLL of lifting components and end fittings of a
multi-leg sling should be considered when determining the maximum SWL of the sling.
2 The Notes to Table C1 also apply to this Table.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1666.21995
20
TABLE
C3
SAFE WORKING LOADS UNDER GENERAL USE OF SINGLE-PART SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

WITH 1770 GRADE WIRE AND WIRE-ROPE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
2
Direct
loaded
4
Choke hitch
Round
Rectangular
load
load
9
Basket hitch
Round load
10
11
12
Other than round load
Method of loading
Included angle
Loading factors
Rope
Nominal
Minimum
diameter
breaking
force
mm
kN
8
40.2
9
51.1
10
63.1
76.3
11
90.8
12
107
13
124
14
161
16
204
18
20
252
22
305
24
363
26
426
28
494
32
646
817
36
1010
40
1220
44
1450
48
1710
52
1980
56
60
2270
1
0.95
0.75
0.95
0.5
0.95
0
2
0.95
60
1.73
0.95
90
1.41
0.95
120
1
0.95
0
1
0.95
60
0.87
0.95
90
0.71
0.95
120
0.5
0.95
0.78
0.99
1.22
1.48
1.76
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.0
4.9
5.9
7.0
8.3
9.6
12.5
15.8
19.6
24
28
33
38
44
0.68
0.86
1.06
1.29
1.53
1.80
2.1
2.7
3.4
4.2
5.1
6.1
7.2
8.3
10.9
13.8
17.0
21
24
29
33
38
0.55
0.70
0.87
1.05
1.25
1.47
1.71
2.2
2.8
3.5
4.2
5.0
5.9
6.8
8.9
11.2
13.9
16.8
19.9
24
27
31
0.39
0.49
0.61
0.74
0.88
1.04
1.20
1.56
1.98
2.4
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.8
6.3
7.9
9.8
11.8
14.0
16.6
19.2
22
Safe working load

t
0.78
0.99
1.22
1.48
1.76
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.0
4.9
5.9
7.0
8.3
9.6
12.5
15.8
19.6
24
28
33
38
44
0.58
0.74
0.92
1.11
1.32
1.55
1.80
2.3
3.0
3.7
4.4
5.3
6.2
7.2
9.4
11.9
14.7
17.7
21
25
29
33
0.39
0.49
0.61
0.74
0.88
1.04
1.20
1.56
1.98
2.4
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.8
6.3
7.9
9.8
11.8
14.0
16.6
19.2
22
1.56
1.98
2.4
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.8
6.2
7.9
9.8
11.8
14.1
16.5
19.1
25
32
39
47
56
66
77
88
1.35
1.71
2.1
2.6
3.0
3.6
4.2
5.4
6.8
8.4
10.2
12.2
14.3
16.6
22
27
34
41
49
57
66
76
COPYRIGHT
1.10
1.40
1.72
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.4
4.4
5.6
6.9
8.3
9.9
11.6
13.5
17.6
22
28
33
40
47
54
62
0.78
0.99
1.22
1.48
1.76
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.0
4.9
5.9
7.0
8.3
9.6
12.5
15.8
19.6
24
28
33
38
44
21
AS 1666.2 1995
NO TES:
1 The following notes apply to Tables C3 and C4:
(a) The values are based on 1770 grade bright and galvanized steel wire ropes of 6 25 to 6 41
construction with a wire-rope core, as specified for IWR in Table 2.6 of AS 3569 1989.
(b) For fibre-core ropes, these values shall be reduced by 8 percent.
(c) For wire ropes with a grade of more than 1770, the SWL shall be increased in direct proportion to the
increase of the minimum breaking strength of the rope.
2 Note 1 to Table C1 also applies to this Table.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1666.2 1995
22
TABLE
C4
SAFE WORKING LOADS UNDER GENERAL USE OF

TWO-LEG, THREE-LEG AND FOUR-LEG SLINGS WITH 1770
GRADE WIRE AND WIRE-ROPE CORE WITH FERRULE-SECURED EYES
1
Choke hitch
Round load
Direct loaded
Other than round

load
Single
wrap
Double
wrap
Single
wrap
Double
wrap
0 to 45
0 to
60
0 to
45
0 to
60
Method of loading
Included angle
0 to
60
90
120
Loading factors
1.73
0.95
1.41
0.95
1
0.95
1.30
0.95
0.87
0.95
Rope
Nominal
diameter
mm
Minimum
breaking
force
kN
Safe working load

t
8
9
10
40.2
51.1
63.1
1.35
1.71
2.1
1.10
1.40
1.72
0.78
0.99
1.22
1.01
1.29
1.59
0.68
0.86
1.06
11
12
13
76.3
90.8
107
2.6
3.0
3.6
2.1
2.5
2.9
1.48
1.76
2.1
1.92
2.3
2.7
1.29
1.53
1.80
14
16
18
124
161
204
4.2
5.4
6.8
3.4
4.4
5.6
2.4
3.1
4.0
3.1
4.1
5.1
2.1
2.7
3.4
20
22
24
252
305
363
8.4
10.2
12.2
6.9
8.3
9.9
4.9
5.9
7.0
6.3
7.7
9.1
4.2
5.1
6.1
26
28
32
426
494
646
14.3
16.6
22
11.6
13.5
17.6
8.3
9.6
12.5
10.7
12.4
16.3
7.2
8.3
10.9
36
40
44
817
1010
1220
27
34
41
22
28
33
15.8
19.6
24
21
25
31
13.8
17.0
21
48
52
56
1450
1710
1980
49
57
66
40
47
54
28
33
38
37
43
50
24
29
33
60
2270
76
62
44
57
38
NO TES:
1
Note 1 to Table C1 also applies to this Table.
COPYRIGHT

As 1666.2-1995 Wire-Rope Slings - Care and Use

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Part 2: Care and use

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/25:

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94113.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

The requirements are mostly written in mandatory terms.

Originated as part of AS B286 1970.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Cranes (including hoists and winches)

Steel wire ropeApplication guide

Steel wire ropes

examined for any sign of deterioration;

repositioned in different orientations, to assist the lubricant to remain distributed

Maintain lubrication of the wires in slings.

Examine slings prior to use.

Do not overload slings.

Do not abuse slings.

Protect terminations against damage from sharp corners and projections.

Avoid loading terminations in a non-axial manner (see Item 9(j)).

MINIMUM INSIDE RADII OF WIRE ROPES

Where an endless sling or a soft eye of a sling interfaces with a fitting

General use General conditions of use are equivalent to a group classification of

Non-vertically orientated leg of a sling The SWL of a non-vertically oriented leg

for round loads, x = 0.75; and

for other than round loads, x = 0.5.

Dynamic loading Where a sling application involves unusual dynamic loading of

FACTORS FOR CONFIGURATIONS (R c)

Single-part single leg

Directly loaded (i.e. unreeved)

Basket hitched with an

Double-part single leg

Directly loaded (i.e. unreeved)

FACTORS FOR TERMINATIONS (R t)

Double-part slings and grommets

FIGURE 3 A SIMPLE CHOKE HITCH

FIGURE 4 A SIMPLE CHOKE HITCH

A DOUBLED CHOKE HITCH

FIGURE 7 TWO SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

FIGURE 8 TWO SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

FIGURE 9 TWO SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

FIGURE 10 TWO SINGLE-LEG SLINGS

FIGURE 12 A THREE-LEG SLING

FIGURE 13 A FOUR-LEG SLING

10 INSPECTION OF SLINGS A sling will eventually deteriorate as a result of

the load-bearing points;

end fittings; and

Severe overloading of wire ropes is evidenced by an increasing rate of fracture of

Corrosion is caused by dampness and exposure to acids, alkalis, other chemicals,

Distortion, permanent set or any physical deformation of end fittings, particularly at

12 DISCARDING SLINGS Criteria for discarding wire rope because of wear or

STANDARDS FOR COMPONENTS USED IN LIFTING SYSTEMS

Thimbles for wire rope

Flat synthetic-webbing slings

Fibre-rope slings (of natural or synthetic rope)

Wire-coil flat slings

Wire rope grips

Sheave blocks for lifting purposes