12 November 2016

Definition of ADHD
ADHD is a chronic
condition marked by
persistent
inattention,
hyperactivity,
and
sometimes impulsivity.
ADHD
begins
in
childhood and
often
lasts
into
adulthood. It's
characterized
by problems
paying
attention,
excessive
activity
or
ADHD
difficulty
controlling
behavior
which is not appropriate
for persons age.

Causes of ADHD
One of the first questions
a parent will have is
Why?
What
went
wrong? Did I do
something to cause this?

ADHD
In fact, research suggests
that ADHD is largely a
genetic
disorder.
However,
some
environmental and social
factors may play a role as
well..
1- Genetics as a cause of
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder:
ADHD runs in
families.
Anywhere from
one-third
to
one-half
of
parents
with
ADHD
will
have a child with the
disorder.
Twin studies indicate that
the disorder is often
inherited
from
one's
parents with genetics
determining about 75% of
causes.
Siblings of children with
ADHD are three to four
times more likely to

EDU561
develop the disorder than
siblings
of
children
without the disorder.
2- Environments as a
cause of attention
deficit hyperactivity
disorder:
Studies have shown a
possible
correlation
between the use of
cigarettes and alcohol
during pregnancy and risk
for ADHD in the offspring
of that pregnancy. As a
precaution, it is best
during
pregnancy
to
refrain from both cigarette
and alcohol use.
Another
environmental
agent that may be
associated with a higher
risk of ADHD is high
levels of lead in the bodies
of
young
preschool
children. Since lead is no
longer allowed in paint
and is usually found only
in
older
buildings,
exposure to toxic levels is
not as prevalent as it once

was. Children who live in

old buildings in which
lead still exists in the
plumbing or in lead paint
that has been painted over
may be at risk.
Alcohol intake during
pregnancy.
3- ADHD & Food
Additives and Sugar:
Food additives include
artificial colors, artificial
sweeteners
and
preservatives. There's no
solid evidence that food
additives cause attentiondeficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD).
However, the topic of
food additives and their
possible
effects
is
controversial.
4- society as a Cause of
Attention
Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder:
ADHD occurs more
commonly in children
who have experienced
violence and emotional
abuse. And also the
Case control studies
suggest a relationship
between maternal stress
during pregnancy and
childhood ADHD.

Symptoms of ADHD
1- Self-focused behavior:
It's a common sign of
ADHD is an inability
to recognize other
people's needs and
desires. A child with
ADHD may interrupt

other people when

theyre talking. They
may have trouble
waiting their turn for
classroom activities or
when playing games
with other children.
2- Emotional
turmoil:
When
kids
have
trouble managing their
emotions, it can show
up in different ways.
Some might be unable
to put the brakes on
their feelings when
theyre
angry
or
stressed
about
something.
Others
might struggle to get
revved up to do
something
when
theyre feeling bored.

3- Fidgeting: Some kids

with ADHD think
better when they're
moving, or tapping, or
humming or doing
all three. They may try
to get up and run
around, fidget, or
squirm in their chair
when forced to sit.

4- Unfinished tasks: A
child with ADHD may
show interest in lots of
different things, but
they
may
have
problems
finishing
them. For example,
they
may
start
projects, chores, or
homework, but move
on to the next thing
that catches their
interest
before
finishing.
5- Lack
of
focus:
Possibly the most
telltale sign of ADHD,
lack of focus goes
beyond
difficulty
paying attention. It
means being easily
distracted, finding it
hard to listen to others
in a conversation,
overlooking details,
and not completing
tasks or projects. The
children with ADHD
will say they heard
you, but they wont
be able to repeat
back to you what you
just said.
6- Mistakes:
Children
with ADHD have
difficulty
following
instructions
that
require planning or
executing a plan. This
can then lead to
careless mistakes, but
it doesnt indicate
laziness or a lack of
intelligence.

7- Daydreams: Children
with ADHD arent
always rambunctious
and loud. Another sign
of ADHD is being
quieter
and
less
involved than other
kids. A child with
ADHD may stare into
space, daydream, and
ignore what's going on
around them.

made until the fourth or

fifth grade, it's possible
that a child will have gaps
in basic skills, especially
math and language arts,
prior
to
receiving
treatment for ADHD.
While this student may
not have a learning
disability, he will need
academic interventions to
help him or her catch up.

Effects of ADHD on
child's life:

3- Peer problems:
Children
who have
ADHD
have fewer
friends, are
less likely
to
be
accepted
by
their
peers, and
are more
likely to experience social
rejection during their
teenage years, regardless
of whether or not their
symptoms of ADHD
continue.

1- Behavior Problems:
The
most
common
problems in kids with
ADHD are defiant and
aggressive behavior. This
includes refusing (more
often than other children)
to follow directions from
parents or teachers. Kids
may
have
emotional
outbursts when asked to
do things they find
difficult or challenging.
2- Learning disorder:
Fifty percent of children
and adolescents with
ADHD also have some
type of learning disability
(LD), such as dyslexia or
auditory
processing
disorder. An LD may
explain why a child on
medication can sit still and
stay focused and yet do
poorly academically.
There could also be
another
reason
for
academic failure. If the
ADHD diagnosis isn't

4- Increased Injuries:
Children and adolescents
with
attentiondeficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) are
nearly twice as likely to
suffer an injury requiring
a hospital visit compared
to those without ADHD.
Adults with ADHD are at
increased risk of driving
accidents.
Taking
additional precautions can
help reduce these risks,
and some research shows

that the risk is reduced for

those taking medication
for ADHD.
5- Anxiety:
Kids with ADHD often
have issues with working
memory, organization and
time management that
make it hard to follow
daily routines. This can
lead to chronic stress.
Kids with ADHD may
also have more trouble
managing
stress than
kids
who
dont have
ADHD.
Thats
because
ADHD can
affect how
kids manage
their
emotions.
Kids
with
ADHD may get so
flooded with emotionin
this case, anxietythat
they have trouble thinking
clearly about how to deal
with the situation.

What
skills
are
affected by ADHD?
How might ADHD affect
your childs skills and
abilities? It depends which
symptoms your child has
and how severe they are.
And it also depends which
areas your child has
particular strengths in.
You can build on your
childs strengths and use
them to help in weaker

areas. Here are the skill

groups that ADHD affects
most.
Social skills: Kids
with ADHD often
have a tough time
making and keeping
friends.
Being
hyperactive
or
impulsive can make it
hard for your child to
follow social rules,
control emotions and
say the appropriate
thing. Other kids may
find it hard to interact
with your child if he
constantly interrupts
or doesnt take turns
Self-control:
Many
kids with ADHD need
to move around a lot,
and that isnt limited
to moving from place
to
place.
The
American Academy of
Neurology reports that
even when theyre
doing
specific
activities like tying

their shoes, writing,

playing a musical
instrument or even
driving a car, people
with ADHD often use
extra
body
movements. This can
make those tasks a lot
harder to manage.
Organization,
planning
and
learning:
ADHD
affects the part of the
brain that deals with
executive
functioning. This is
the ability to plan,
organize and think
ahead. Losing track
of
calculators,
notebooks
and
assignment
sheets
can make it hard to
complete
assignments
and
homework. Losing
track of his own
thought process can
make it even harder.
Your child may
struggle
with

breaking down a
school assignment or
a household job into
steps and getting
started.

How to deal with

ADHD students:
Spread atmosphere of
love,
secure
and
cooperation
among
them.
Establish eye contact
with them
Tell them what they are
going to learn and
exactly what materials
they will need.
Keep
instructions
simple and structured
Vary the pace and
include different kinds
of activities.
Always remind them to
stay on task
Allow
them
with
frequent breaks
Summarize key points
Be specific about what
to
take.