Line Arrays

Line Arrays
Point Source

Line Arrays
Point Source
r

2r

4r

Line Arrays
Point Source
Level Loss over Distance Level Loss over Distance
0
6 dB
-6

rel. Level [dB]

-12

-18

-24

-30

-36
0

10

12

14

16

18

Distance [m]

SPL(D)=SPL(1m)-20*log(D(m)/1m)

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Line Arrays
Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source
r

2r

4r

Line Arrays
Line Source
Level Loss over Distance Level Loss over Distance
0

6 dB
3 dB

-6

rel. Level [dB]

-12

-18

-24

-30

-36
0

10

12

14

16

18

Distance [m]

SPL(D)=SPL(1m)-10*log(D(m)/1m)

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Spherical sources
/2

/2

100Hz

3,4m

1000Hz

0,34m

10000Hz

3,4cm

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Directional sources

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

V-Dosc

d&b Q1

JBL

EV

Examples of different waveguides

d&b C3

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Discrete Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Finite Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Finite Line Source

Line Arrays
Line Source - Finite Line Source Investigating the Array

- +
-

/2 (180 phase shift)

/4 (90 phase shift)

+
+

r + /4

- +
-+
-

leff

+
+
- +
+

- +
- +

- +
- +

Sinus1
1.5

Sinus2
Sin1+Sin2

1
0.5
0
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

Line Arrays
Line Source - Finite Line Source Investigating the Array

- +
-

/2 (180 phase shift)

/4 (90 phase shift)

+
+

r + /4

- +
-+
-

leff

+
+
- +
+

- +
- +

- +
- +

Sinus1
1.5

Sinus2
Sin1+Sin2

1
0.5
0
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

360

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array
Straight on Axis
0.00
-3.00

100.00

1000.00

-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
rel. level

-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
freq
D=04m, r=4.00m

D: 4m
r=4.00m
leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=1.64m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

10000.00

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array
Straight on Axis
0.00
-3.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
rel. level

-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
freq
D=04m, r=4.00m

D: 4m
r=4.00m

D: 8m
r=8.00m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=1.64m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=2.37m
leff (10kHz)= 0.74m

D=08m, r=8.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array
Straight on Axis
0.00
-3.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
rel. level

-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
freq
D=04m, r=4.00m

D: 4m
r=4.00m

D: 8m
r=8.00m

D: 16m
r=16.00m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=1.64m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=2.37m
leff (10kHz)= 0.74m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=3.30m
leff (10kHz)= 1.04m

D=08m, r=8.00m

D=16m, r=16.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array
Straight on Axis
0.00
-3.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
rel. level

-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
freq
D=04m, r=4.00m

D: 4m
r=4.00m

D: 8m
r=8.00m

D: 16m
r=16.00m

D: 32m
r=32.00m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=1.64m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=2.37m
leff (10kHz)= 0.74m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=3.30m
leff (10kHz)= 1.04m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=4.66m
leff (10kHz)= 1.48m

D=08m, r=8.00m

D=16m, r=16.00m

D=32m, r=32.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array

rel. level

Straight on Axis
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq

D: 4m
r=4.00m

D: 8m
r=8.00m

D: 16m
r=16.00m

D: 32m
r=32.00m

D: 64m
r=64.00m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=1.64m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=2.37m
leff (10kHz)= 0.74m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=3.30m
leff (10kHz)= 1.04m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=4.66m
leff (10kHz)= 1.48m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=4.90m
leff (10kHz)= 2.08m

D=04m, r=4.00m

D=08m, r=8.00m

D=32m, r=32.00m

D=64m, r=64.00m

D=16m, r=16.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Straight Array

D: 4m
r=4.00m

D: 8m
r=8.00m

D: 16m
r=16.00m

D: 32m
r=32.00m

D: 64m
r=64.00m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=1.64m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=2.37m
leff (10kHz)= 0.74m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=3.30m
leff (10kHz)= 1.04m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=4.66m
leff (10kHz)= 1.48m

leff (100Hz)=4.90m
leff (1kHz)=4.90m
leff (10kHz)= 2.08m

rel. level

Straight on Axis
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq
D=04m, r=4.00m

D=08m, r=8.00m

D=32m, r=32.00m

D=64m, r=64.00m

D=16m, r=16.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6
Curved 6deg
0.00
100.00

1000.00

-3.00
-6.00

rel. level

-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
freq
D=04m, r=10.93m

D: 4m
r=10.90m
leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

10000.00

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6
Curved 6deg
0.00
100.00

1000.00

10000.00

-3.00
-6.00

rel. level

-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
freq
D=04m, r=10.93m

D: 4m
r=10.90m

D: 8m
r=13.30m

leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.15m
leff (1kHz)=1.28m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

D=08m, r=13.30m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6
Curved 6deg
0.00
-3.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

-6.00

rel. level

-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
freq
D=04m, r=10.93m

D: 4m
r=10.90m

D: 8m
r=13.30m

D: 16m
r=19.50m

leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.15m
leff (1kHz)=1.28m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.04m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

D=08m, r=13.30m

D=16m, r=19.50m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6
Curved 6deg
0.00
-3.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

-6.00
-9.00

rel. level

-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
freq
D=04m, r=10.93m

D: 4m
r=10.90m

D: 8m
r=13.30m

D: 16m
r=19.50m

D: 32m
r=34.00m

leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.15m
leff (1kHz)=1.28m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.04m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=3.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.36m
leff (10kHz)= 0.43m

D=08m, r=13.30m

D=16m, r=19.50m

D=32m, r=34.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6

rel. level

Curved 6deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq

D: 4m
r=10.90m

D: 8m
r=13.30m

D: 16m
r=19.50m

D: 32m
r=34.00m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.15m
leff (1kHz)=1.28m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.04m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=3.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.36m
leff (10kHz)= 0.43m

leff (100Hz)=2.93m
leff (1kHz)=1.39m
leff (10kHz)= 0.44m

D=04m, r=10.93m

D=08m, r=13.30m

D=32m, r=34.00m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.50m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6

D: 4m
r=10.90m

D: 8m
r=13.30m

D: 16m
r=19.50m

D: 32m
r=34.00m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.15m
leff (1kHz)=1.28m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.04m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=3.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.36m
leff (10kHz)= 0.43m

leff (100Hz)=2.93m
leff (1kHz)=1.39m
leff (10kHz)= 0.44m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 6

D: 4m
r=10.90m

D: 8m
r=13.30m

D: 16m
r=19.50m

D: 32m
r=34.00m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=3.73m
leff (1kHz)=1.26m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.15m
leff (1kHz)=1.28m
leff (10kHz)= 0.40m

leff (100Hz)=4.04m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=3.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.36m
leff (10kHz)= 0.43m

leff (100Hz)=2.93m
leff (1kHz)=1.39m
leff (10kHz)= 0.44m

rel. level

Curved 6deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq
D=04m, r=10.93m

D=08m, r=13.30m

D=32m, r=34.00m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.50m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

freq.
D=04m, r=9.70m

D: 4m
r=9.67m
leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

10000.00

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq.
D=04m, r=9.70m

D: 4m
r=9.67m

D: 8m
r=12.40m

leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

leff (100Hz)=3.03m
leff (1kHz)=1.14m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

D=08m, r=12.44m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq.
D=04m, r=9.70m

D: 4m
r=9.67m

D: 8m
r=12.40m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

leff (100Hz)=3.03m
leff (1kHz)=1.14m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.75m
leff (10kHz)= 0.55m

D=08m, r=12.44m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq.
D=04m, r=9.70m

D: 4m
r=9.67m

D: 8m
r=12.40m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.85m

leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

leff (100Hz)=3.03m
leff (1kHz)=1.14m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.75m
leff (10kHz)= 0.55m

leff (100Hz)=4.56m
leff (1kHz)=1.85m
leff (10kHz)= 0.58m

D=08m, r=12.44m

D=16m, r=19.00m

D=32m, r=33.85m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq.

D: 4m
r=9.67m

D: 8m
r=12.40m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.85m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

leff (100Hz)=3.03m
leff (1kHz)=1.14m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.75m
leff (10kHz)= 0.55m

leff (100Hz)=4.56m
leff (1kHz)=1.85m
leff (10kHz)= 0.58m

leff (100Hz)=4.31m
leff (1kHz)=1.92m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

D=04m, r=9.70m

D=08m, r=12.44m

D=32m, r=33.85m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

D: 4m
r=9.67m

D: 8m
r=12.40m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.85m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

leff (100Hz)=3.03m
leff (1kHz)=1.14m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.75m
leff (10kHz)= 0.55m

leff (100Hz)=4.56m
leff (1kHz)=1.85m
leff (10kHz)= 0.58m

leff (100Hz)=4.31m
leff (1kHz)=1.92m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3

D: 4m
r=9.67m

D: 8m
r=12.40m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.85m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.05m
leff (1kHz)=0.38m
leff (10kHz)= 0.04m

leff (100Hz)=3.03m
leff (1kHz)=1.14m
leff (10kHz)= 0.52m

leff (100Hz)=4.38m
leff (1kHz)=1.75m
leff (10kHz)= 0.55m

leff (100Hz)=4.56m
leff (1kHz)=1.85m
leff (10kHz)= 0.58m

leff (100Hz)=4.31m
leff (1kHz)=1.92m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq.
D=04m, r=9.70m

D=08m, r=12.44m

D=32m, r=33.85m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source Curved Array 3 vs. 6

rel. level

Curved 6deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq
D=04m, r=10.93m

D=08m, r=13.30m

D=32m, r=34.00m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.50m

rel. level

Curved 3deg
0.00
-3.00
-6.00
-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
-36.00
-39.00
-42.00
-45.00

100.00

1000.00

10000.00

freq.
D=04m, r=9.70m

D=08m, r=12.44m

D=32m, r=33.85m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.
J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00

rel. level

-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
freq
D=04m,r=9.95m

D: 4m
r=9.95m
leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.
J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00

rel. level

-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
freq
D=04m,r=9.95m

D: 4m
r=9.95m

D: 8m
r=12.50m

leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

leff (100Hz)=2.85m
leff (1kHz)=1.04m
leff (10kHz)= 0.30m

D=08m, r=12.50m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.
J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00

rel. level

-9.00
-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
freq
D=04m,r=9.95m

D: 4m
r=9.95m

D: 8m
r=12.50m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

leff (100Hz)=2.85m
leff (1kHz)=1.04m
leff (10kHz)= 0.30m

leff (100Hz)=4.05m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

D=08m, r=12.50m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.
J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00
-9.00

rel. level

-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
freq
D=04m,r=9.95m

D: 4m
r=9.95m

D: 8m
r=12.50m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.90m

leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

leff (100Hz)=2.85m
leff (1kHz)=1.04m
leff (10kHz)= 0.30m

leff (100Hz)=4.05m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=4.30m
leff (1kHz)=1.90m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

D=08m, r=12.50m

D=16m, r=19.00m

D=32m, r=33.90m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.
J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00
-9.00
rel. level

-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
freq

D: 4m
r=9.95m

D: 8m
r=12.50m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.90m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

leff (100Hz)=2.85m
leff (1kHz)=1.04m
leff (10kHz)= 0.30m

leff (100Hz)=4.05m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=4.30m
leff (1kHz)=1.90m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

leff (100Hz)=4.10m
leff (1kHz)=2.50m
leff (10kHz)= 0.97m

D=04m,r=9.95m

D=08m, r=12.50m

D=32m, r=33.90m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.

D: 4m
r=9.95m

D: 8m
r=12.50m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.90m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

leff (100Hz)=2.85m
leff (1kHz)=1.04m
leff (10kHz)= 0.30m

leff (100Hz)=4.05m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=4.30m
leff (1kHz)=1.90m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

leff (100Hz)=4.10m
leff (1kHz)=2.50m
leff (10kHz)= 0.97m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.

D: 4m
r=9.95m

D: 8m
r=12.50m

D: 16m
r=19.00m

D: 32m
r=33.90m

D: 64m
r=65.00m

leff (100Hz)=2.23m
leff (1kHz)=0.94m
leff (10kHz)= 0.28m

leff (100Hz)=2.85m
leff (1kHz)=1.04m
leff (10kHz)= 0.30m

leff (100Hz)=4.05m
leff (1kHz)=1.32m
leff (10kHz)= 0.42m

leff (100Hz)=4.30m
leff (1kHz)=1.90m
leff (10kHz)= 0.61m

leff (100Hz)=4.10m
leff (1kHz)=2.50m
leff (10kHz)= 0.97m

J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00
-9.00
rel. level

-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
freq
D=04m,r=9.95m

D=08m, r=12.50m

D=32m, r=33.90m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.00m

Line Arrays
Line Source J-shaped Array.
J-Type
0.00
-3.00

-6.00
-9.00
rel. level

-12.00
-15.00
-18.00
-21.00
-24.00
-27.00
-30.00
-33.00
freq
D=04m,r=9.95m

D=08m, r=12.50m

D=32m, r=33.90m

D=64m, r=65.00m

D=16m, r=19.00m