Fery yelyanto 2016

Capacitor
Capacitor is a electronics passive component. Capacitor was categorized in pasif
component because doesnt need current for doing the function. Capacitor is an electronic
component that implements to store electrical charge or electrical energy in electronic circuit.
The value of capacitor is called the capacitance, the capacitance is expressed in unit of farad (F).
The value of capacitance in generally is very small, so it is often expressed in the form of
microfarad , nanofarad , and picofarad .
Types of capacitor
In general capacitor can be classified into many types, then if we classify of capacitor based
on the value of capacitance, the capacitor can be divided into 2 types :
1. Fixed Capacitor
Fixed capacitor has constant value of capacitance. Fixed capacitor has function to
store electrical charge, Fix capacitor also has functions as a filter in power supply
circuit, passing alternating current (AC), blocking direct current (DC), and can be
used as a frequency generator in the oscillator circuit.
2. Variable Capacitor
Variable capacitor has value of capacitance can be change. Variable capacitor can be
used as tuning in the radio. There are two kinds of variable capacitor, namely Varco
(variable capacitor) and Trimmer. Variable capacitor made of metal with a larger
size. In general variable capacitor used to select the radio frequency waves.
Then if we classify types of capacitors based on the polarity poles, the capacitor can be
divided into 2 types :
1. Polar Capacitor
Polar capacitor is capacitor which have positive and negative polarity poles. Polar
capacitor usually made from dielectric materials such as electrolyte capacitor. This
capacitor has the value of capacitance is greater than the other capacitor types. Polar
capacitor can found in electrolyte capacitor (Elco) and Tantalum capacitor.
2. Non Polar Capacitor
Non Polar capacitor is capacitor doesnt has polarity poles, that mean the installation
of capacitors in electronic circuits can be used in reverse. This capacitor has a

capacitance value is small. Non polar capacitor can found in Ceramic capacitor,
Polyester capacitor, Paper capacitor, and Mica capacitor.
MATERIAL
The arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired
ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic
disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be
made by multiple stacks of plates and disks. Larger value capacitors usually use a metal foil
or metal film layer deposited on the surface of a dielectric film to make the plates, and a
dielectric film of impregnated paper or plastic these are rolled up to save space. To reduce
the series resistance and inductance for long plates, the plates and dielectric are staggered so
that connection is made at the common edge of the rolled-up plates, not at the ends of the
foil or metalized film strips that comprise the plates.
The assembly is encased to prevent moisture entering the dielectric early radio equipment
used a cardboard tube sealed with wax. Modern paper or film dielectric capacitors are
dipped in a hard thermoplastic. Large capacitors for high-voltage use may have the roll form
compressed to fit into a rectangular metal case, with bolted terminals and bushings for
connections. The dielectric in larger capacitors is often impregnated with a liquid to improve
its properties. the capacitor can be divided into 5 types :
1. Ceramic Capacitor
Ceramic capacitor is made from ceramic materials. This capacitor has a thin round
shaped or rectangular. Ceramic capacitor values ranging from 1 pF to 0.01 F.
2. Polyester Capacitor
Polyester capacitor is made from polyester. These capacitors have a rectangular
shape.
3. Paper Capacitor
Paper capacitor is capacitor dielectric materials made from paper. In general paper
capacitor values ranging between 300 pF to 4 F.
4. Mica Capacitor
Mica capacitor is capacitor dielectric materials made from mica. Mica capacitor
values generally range between 50 pF to 0.02 F.
5. Electrolyte Capacitor
Electrolyte capacitor is a capacitor made of dielectric materials from electrolyte. This
capacitor has shaped cylindrica. The electrolyte capacitors which have positive pole
(+) and negative pole (-).
6. Tantalum Capacitor
Tantalum capacitor is capacitor dielectric materials made of tantalum metal. This
capacitor which have positive pole (+) and negative pole (-) as the electrolyte
capacitor.

 Function of capacitor
Ceramic capacitor, polyester capacitors , Paper capacitors and Mica capacitors
doesnt has polarity poles, so it can be reverse installed in electronics circuit.
Electrolyte capacitors or usually called Elco is often used in electronics circuit that
requires high capacitance. In general, the value of electrolyte capacitors ranges from
0.1 F to thousands microfarad (F).
Characteristic of capacitor
Series and parallel capacitors circuit
a. Series capacitors circuit
When capacitors are installed in series circuit, it was found that the current through
the capacitor will be same, while the voltage passing through it differently.
Installation of capacitors in series performed to obtain a capacitance value that is
smaller than the original value of the capacitor.
example :
The capacitors are installed in series circuit, and the value of capacitors are :
C1 = 4 F, C2 = 6 F, C3 = 8 F.
So, the value of capacitance : Cs =

= 0,54

b. Parallel capacitors circuit

When capacitors are installed in parallel circuit, it was found that the current through
the capacitor has a different value, while the voltage on each capacitor will be the
same. Installation of capacitors in series performed to obtain a capacitance value that
is greater than the value of the original capacitor.
example :
The capacitors are installed in parallel circuit, and the value of capacitors are :
C1 = 4 F, C2 = 6 F, C3 = 8 F.
So, the value of capacitance : Cp =

= 18

The application of capacitor

Capacitor has function to store electrical charge or electrical energy, capacitor also
has functions as a filter in power supply circuit, passing alternating current (AC), blocking
direct current (DC), and can be used as a frequency generator in the oscillator circuit.

Power supply is an electronic circuit that serves to convert alternating current into
direct current. Power supply has four main parts in order to produce a stable DC current. The
fourth part of them is Transformers, Rectifiers, Filters and Voltage Regulator. In the power
supply circuit, the filter is used to smooth out the current signal from the rectifier or in other
words filter serves to flatten the DC voltage ripple. Filter capacitors used in power supply
circuit normally the type of electrolyte capacitors and ceramic capacitors.

Capacitor
1. Material of capacitors

2. Types of capacitors
3. Fixed Capacitor

4. Variable Capacitors

5. The application of capasitor

A
10,000 microfarad capacitor in an amplifier power supply

A high-voltage capacitor bank used for power factor correction

on a power transmission system