Fasl 05 C494 7 PDF

4 ft
2 kN
A
C
8 ft
8 ft
B
3 ft
48 kN
3 ft
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
4m
3m
84 kN
3m
C
30 in.
20 kN
30 in.
20 kN
7.5 in.
5 kN
1.6 m
1.
5k
Fig
600 lb
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
32 in.
40 in.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
5 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
32 in.
0.7 m
35 kN
5 kN
0.7 m
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
2.4 m
48 kN
A
1800 lb 1800 lb
4 ft
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
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AM user-s173
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LL
2.4 m
LL
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
Stringer
Stringer
Crossbeam
beam
Cross
LL
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
LL
KK
Warren
Warren
63
Figure4/1
4/1
Figure
Structures
Structures
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l counterpart of the plane

es. The idealized space truss
nds by ball-and-socket joints
. 3/4). Whereas a triangle of
llapsible unit for the plane
uires six bars joined at their
he basic noncollapsible unit.
ed at D require a third supting about AB. In Fig. 4/13b
ore bars AB, BC, and AC to
undation for its own rigidity.
the structure with three ad65
ached to three xed joints on
he bars AF, BF, and CF are
4
5/
p
5 SrT
le 4/essu
Artic
91
Space Trusses
(a)
2-5
197
(b)
Article 4/5
197
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es
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F
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bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
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d
en ss, nec t is lin he t e t
h
a
h
In ds to spa ted illus ks c ree ree
b
o
po Fig. for ce t ars trat nne pre dim
ru
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4 m
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t rt
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a
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s
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r
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
m ppo o ke the dges the the ig. 3 the ticle l co
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i
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r
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r
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b
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dit We tetr ting the o b f a t the asic in
r
A nd
a
th iona ma ahed bas tria rs etra r ha no rt. s by e id part
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
e
e
r
a
b
o
in eachin
member
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of the
sh
o e is ng AD he nd nco 3/4
e lc yf
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A
f
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a
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r
r
n
r
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.
is in tension
is in tension
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or compres
tic
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le
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A
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Sp
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t
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H ars xed foun re. T who un t on ree tati at ic n ars j for rian oint s
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4m
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3 ft
84 kN
84 kN
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n
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in n w ow re d HG the the . 4/1 atta the tion AB, . In 4thftir e 4uftn ir8 ft
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up lb. 1800 lb
ly is w l re at t G i are ars fore the ed t ruct r its C, a ig. s1800
4 P6.1
n
Fig.
Fig.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.3
Fig
u
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n P6.1
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600 lb
lb
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40 in.
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tio s of ivet ns o ort, trus mem gid. is s poin ee a ise
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48
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32 in.
32 in.
0.7 m
0.7 m
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30 in. .yt
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2.4 m
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idig n
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i
r
r
e
wFig
o
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Fig. P6.4
Fig.BP6.4
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
S
mb int onn to p en b
ss
-da eerh
t hti
e
rs erse ectio reve y a
no st5nikN
c
oj dex5 k
b
5 kN
5 kN
20 kN
20 kN
u
n
n
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era FC
de t at s fo t be alldna
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r
its elati ext es
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)Truss(
1 -5
AB
1-5
: -2
6.3
SIMPLE TRUSSES
-2-15

Consider the truss of Fig. 6.6a, which is made of four members
.
by
is
at B, the
nected
pins
at
A, B, C,
and
D. If aload
applied
greatly
deform,
its original
In cont
will

completely
losing

shape.
the truss of Fig. 6.6b, which is made of three members conne

C,

by pins
at A,
B, and
will
deform
only
slightly
under a load app
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
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AM
at B. The only possible
. deformation
for
this
truss
user-s173
is one invol
small
changes
in
the
length
of
its
members.
The
truss of Fig.
ABCD ) 3-5(
is said to be a rigid truss, the term rigid being used here to ind
F that

collapse.

the
truss
will
not
C C B B
F
SIMPLE TRUSSES
Nk 2
A
A
Nk 2
Nk 2
m 4.2
m 4.2
N
Ak 84
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 8
tf 4
tf 4
Consider Bthe truss ofC Fig.

of four members
C' 6.6a, which is made
B
nected by pins at A, B, C, and D. If a load is applied at B, the
will greatly deform, completely losing its original shape. In cont
the truss of Fig.
B' 6.6b, which is made of three members conne
A
C
A
A
by pins
at A, B, and C, willDdeform
only slightly under
a load app
at B. The only possible deformation for this truss is one invo
small changes
the length of its members.
The truss of Fig.
3-5in
(a)
(b)
is said to be a rigid truss, the term rigid being used here to ind
Fig.
6.6
BC

that
the truss
will
not
collapse.
Nk 02
k5
B
B
Nk 02
Nk 5
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
giF
Nk 5
Nk 2
m 4.2
Nk 53
C
.ni 03
.ni 03
m 6.1
.1
Nk 5
bl 006
A
bl 006
g3
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 53
m 4.2
D
D
.ni 23
m 7.0
.ni 23
.ni 04
.ni 04
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
C
C
.ni 5.7
A
A
Nk 84
m 7.0
tf 3
m4
m4
Nk 48
Nk 48
m5
B2.1
B
m3
m3
A
A
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ro
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m 52.1
tf 3
tf 8
)4-5 (.
As shown in Fig. 6.6c, a larger rigid truss can be obtaine
F
adding two members BD and CD to the basic triangular trus
Fig. 6.6b. This procedure can be repeated as many times as des
C will be rigid if each time two new mem
and the resulting
truss
C'
B
B
are added, they are attached to two existing joints and connecte
a new joint. A truss which can be constructed in this mann
called a simple B'
truss.
A
C
A
D
A
It should be noted that
a simple
truss is not
necessarily
m
only of triangles. The truss of Fig. 6.6d, for example, is a simple
which was constructed
from triangle ABC
(b) by adding successively
4-5(a)
joints D, E, F, and G. On the other hand, rigid trusses are not al

Fig. 6.6
simple trusses, even when they appear to be made of triangles.
Fink
and
) 4-5( ) 3-5( :
Baltimore trusses shown in Fig. 6.5, for instance, are
simple
trusses,
since
be constructed
from
. As
they
6.6c,
cannot
can
bea single
shown
in Fig.
a larger
rigid
truss
obtainet
gle
in the
described
Allthe
thebasic
othertriangular
trusses show
adding
twomanner
members
BD andabove.
CD to
tru
Fig.
6.5
are
simple
trusses,
as
may
be
easily
checked.
(For
th
Fig. 6.6b. This procedure can be repeated as many
times
as
des
66
truss,
start
with
one
of
the
central
triangles.)
and the resulting truss will be rigid if each time two new mem
Returning
6.6, wetonote
the basic
tru
are added,
they to
areFig.
attached
two that
existing
joints triangular
and connecte
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
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5_
76
20
-h
6c
2_
26
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61
00
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ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
6.3
Stringers
Floor beams
: -315
:
Fig. 6.3
-1
pter
Structures
er 4 4 Structures
)5-5( .
3 ft
KK
1.25 m
3m
ow
H
A
a
pic
Ty
att C
7.5 in.
Pr
600 lb
Fig
5k
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
K truss
at
Pr
5 kN
1.
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
) compres
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
(bor
3m
at
Ct
a)
A(
.4
.6
Fig
Pr
1.6 m
Typical Bridge Trusses

Fink
Fink
CommonlyUsed
UsedBridge
BridgeTrusses
Commonly
FTrusses
6-5
M
Warren
(b)
84 kN
40 in.
32 in.
Baltimore
Baltimore
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
(a)
.4
.6
Howe
4 im
g
Warren
Warren
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
Howe
Howe
40 in.
32 in.
0.7 m
30 in.
20 kN
67
Pratt
Pratt
3 ft
0.7 m
20 kN
C
30 in.
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
B
Baltimore
48 kN
35 kN
Pratt
Pratt
F
F
8 ft
48 kN
A
D
D
5 kN
A
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
Typical

.
Roof Trusses
23
8 ft
2.4 m

Howe
Fink
sis
Figure4/1
. Figure
4/1
() :2
aly
An
A
C
4 ft
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
0
be
23
em
.3
. 6 em dt
Fig f th
an ch
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AM user-s173
AM user-s173
o er,at efoa rc
.3
b e o - -fo
nd
. 6
h e mem
orc t w wo po
Fig
eac e f d a t u o f
at orc anaasctedup.4a,
ce o-f i n s
ro 6 e
for a tw of p n be gig. eminb t
ca n F mis Fig
p
as
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
rou ber .4. I ber oefr, ad
g
6
m
m b n
me Fig. me em as arr
of d the he m russe p
an ss t al t
pre typic
of
4 ft
5-5
1800 lb 1800 lb
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
2 kN
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
force at each end of Stringer

the
member. Each member can then b
Stringer
Crossbeam
beam
as a two-force Cross
member,
and the entire truss can be consid
L
LP
group of Lpins
and two-force members (Fig. 6.2b). An in
P
L
P
LL
member
can be acted upon
as shown in either of the two
L
LP
of Fig. 6.4. In Fig.LPL6.4a, the forces tend to pull the memb
L
LP
and the member
is in tension; in Fig. 6.4b, the forces tend
press the member, and the member is in compression. A
of typical trusses are shown in Fig. 6.5.
A
m 52.1
B
A
m 52.1
A
B
Nk 48
.ni 54.27
.ni 5C
.7
m4
Nktf 438
m4
tf 3
tf 8
tf 4 tf 8
bl 0081
bl 0081
tf 4 -4-15

.6P .gi
F
.6P .giF
2.6
P .g
iF 1
1.
6P
.giF
3.6P .giF
3.6P .giF
bl 006
.()
bl 006
: () -515

.ni 04 .n
i 04
Nk 84
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
A
B
E
Nk 5
Nk 02
Nk 02
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 2
A
Nk 5
Nk 53
.ni 03
C
.ni 03
.ni 23
...
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
m 4.2
Nk 53
m 4.2
D
D
FBD
m 4.2
m 7.0
.ni 23
m 7.0
F
k5
giF
m 6.1
68
Nk 5
bl 006
A
bl 006
g3
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 5.7
A
A
FCD
7-5
N
Ak 84
Nk 84
.ni 04
Nk 48
Ay
FAD
.ni 04
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
m4
Nk 48
FAD
m4
m 52.1
m5
B2.1
By
FAC
m 4.2
7.6P .giF
.1
tf 4
7.6P .giF
Ax
m3

832
832
bl 0081 bl 0081
8.6P .giF
Ax
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
m3
Ay

3
m 3 m
m 3
m 3
tf 4
Nk 21
8.6P .giF
9.6P .giF
m 5D
2.1
P33
m
m

-2
C
C
m 52.1
tf 8
m3
Nk 2
tf 8
Nk 21
D
E
Nk 2
EF
Nk 2
tf 3
tFf 5
Nk 2
m 6.1
-1
tf 3
tf 5
BA
C
B
Nk 5
m3
m 6C
.1
NN
k k025
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
NNkk052
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
i2
.2
5_
76
20
-h
6c
2_
26
_5
61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
Nk 5
21
CNk 53
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
iF
Fx = 0Nk 53
) 4.ni 0
:m)
(
.ni 03
3
m 4.2
4.24.2
mm 004
m
m 4.2 ) 3
5.6P .giF
4.6P .giF
6.6P .giF
5.6P .g
4.6P .giF
iFFy = 0

B
Nk 84
i 23
.0 .n
m 7.0 )2C
C ) 1
.ni 23 m 7

B
B
-3
.
( )7-5 ( )8-5 .
C
By
8 ft
8 ft
4 ft
4 ft
1800 lb 1800 lb
48 kN
0.7 m
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
3 ft
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
35 kN
40 in.
4m
32 in.
0.7 m
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
A
A
3m
3m
B
A
7.5 in.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
600 lb
A
84 kN
40 in.
32 in.
C
C
30 in.
30 in.
Fig
5k
5 kN
C
C
3 ft
35 kN
2.4 m
20 kN
20 kN
5 kN
B
1.
1.6 m
48 kN
A
2.4 m
5 kN
A
69
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
( ) .
( 1518 - 1580( )Paladio) .
2 kN
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
2 kN
( )
8-5
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AM user-s173
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Ay
I A y + 8 / 13 = 20 A y = 11 / 87 kN
.1
m 6.1
Nk 02
Nk 02
Nk 5
Nk 5
Nk 2
Nk 53
m 4.2
m 4.2
Nk 2
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
m 4.2
Nk 2
Nk 2
m 4.2
8.6P 8..g6iP
F .giF
. 1
Nk 5
70
k5
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 53
3m
giF
By
D
B
A
m3 m3
N
Ak 84
Nk 84
m 7.0
.ni 23
m 7.0
m 6.1 m 6.1
.ni 23
.ni 04
B 5kN
C
.ni 03
M A = 0 20 4 5 3 By 8 = 0
.ni 04
Nk 53Nk 53
.ni 03
tf 4
bl 006
A
5kN
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 4
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
Ax
C
21Nk 21
tf 8
20kN
tf 8
20kN
bl 006
65
By = 8 / 13 kN
8
Ay
B
C
E
tf 3
Nk 02Nk 02
g3
iF
.6P .giF
By =
DB
.ni 5.7
tf 3
C
.ni 03 .ni 03
m4
+
. 2
+
F
x = 0 A x 5 = 0 A x = 5 kN
+
Fy = 0 A y + By 20 = 0
m4
Nk 48
m 52.1
m3 m3
Nk 48
A y + By = 20 kN
m5
B2.1
4m
Nk
m3
.g6iP
F .giF
.giF
C
tf 5
m3
Nk 5 Nk 5
004
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
tf 5
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
i2
.2
5_
76
20
-h
6c
2_
26
_5
61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
m 4.2 m 4.2
5.6P 5..g6iP
F .giF
.
Nk 5
Nk 5
A
Nk 2 Nk 2 N
B
B
m 52.1m 52.1
4m
m3 m
: 3
B A ( )
. A
FAD
: A
FAC
Ax=5
Ay=11/87
4 ft
2.4 m
4 ft
8 ft
FDC
: C
48 kN
8 ft
48 kN
A
1800 lb 1800 lb
. CD BC
C
D
2 kN
3 ft
3m
3m
8 / 13
FBD = 13 / 55 kN
0/ 6
A
A
A
7.5 in.
600 lb
Fig
5k
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
5 kN
1.
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
84 kN
FBD =
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
4m
84 kN
: B
Fy = 0 FBD sin + 8 / 13 = 0
A
C
1.6 m
71
30 in.
20 kN
By=8/13
40 in.
4m
40 in.
FBC=10/82
32 in.
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
32 in.
0.7 m
FBD
C
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
Fy = 0 FCD = 0
3 ft
0.7 m
35 kN
5 kN
BC
+
FAC=10/82
+
F
x = 0 FBC 10 / 82 = 0 FBC = 10 / 82 kN
D
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
2.4 m
2.4 m
C AC
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Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
5 + 0 /8(
195 +
/ 78
0 ) + FAC = 0
II
0 /)8+(F19
AC /=78
FAC = 10
/ 82
kN= 10 / 82kN
FAC
2 kN
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
sin = 0 /6sin = 0 / 6
3
3
+ = tan 1 ( )==tan
36 /186
/ 86
( )
= 36
4
4
cos = 0 /8cos = 0 / 8
+
F
= 0+ 5FAC
+ 0=/ 80F
5 F+x F=AD0 cos
0 +II
FACcos
5++FAD
/ 8=FAD
FAC
=0
x = 0
AD 5++F0
AC
+
Fy = 0+
= 011
0/
6F=AD0
FAD
11
F/y 87
= 0+
11sin
/ 87+=F0ADsin
/ 6/F87
AD = 11 / 87
FAD =
19 /F78
kN
AD = 19 / 78kN
Nk 2
m 4. 2
Nk 8 4
m 5 2. 1
.ni 04
Nk 5 3
-615
8.6P .giF
Nk 5
.n .
i 23
m 7
.0
.ni 23
Nk 21
Nk 02
m3
Nk 2
m 4.2
Nk 2
9.6P .giF
tf 21
Nk 53
Nk 5
m4
Nk 48
m5
B2.1
Nk 02
C
.ni 03
Nk 02
.ni 03
spik 81
C
C
m 6.1
Nk 5
.1
k5
giF
bl 006
.ni 5.7
g3
iF
.6P .giF
bl 006
A
spik 21 B
A
A
72
m3
.ni 23
.ni 04
Nk 48
m3
( )10-5 BC KJ IJ .
mm 573
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 23
m 7.0
.ni 04
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
m4
m 52.1
mm 005
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
N 0021
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
Nk 5
8.6P .giF
.
tf 3
m 7.0
m3
m3
C
Nk 53
m 4.2
Nk 21
9-5
tf 3
Nk 84
tf 5
tf 5
tf 8
m 4.2
N
Ak 84
Nk 2
Nk 2
m 4.2
m 6.1
tf 8
E D
6.6P .giF
bl 0081 bl 0081
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
tf 4
C
tf 4
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
m 6.1
mm 004
m3
m 52.1
Nk 5A
Nk 2
.ni 03
Nk 5
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
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76
20
-h
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_2
26
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61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
Nk 2
Nk 02
Nk 5
1000N
B
5.6P .giF
FAB = FAD = 0
.:
5.6P .giF
m3
D
)
C .
Nk 53
.n
)9-5( m AB AD i 03
4.2
m4
m 7. 0
B
CD
A k 84
N .
conditions were changed. Besides, even in the case considered, these

to support the weight of the truss and to maintain the truss in the desired shape.
Chaptermembers
5 Distributed
areForces
needed
SECTION B
5/6
SPECIAL TOPICS
25 kN
25 kN
50 kN
BeamsExternal Effects
)Beam( -1-2-5
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
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AM user-s173
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H
Beams D
are structural members
which offer resistance to bending
due to applied loads. Most beams are
J long prismatic bars, and the loads
are Busually applied normal to the axes of the bars.
A
Beams are undoubtedly the most important of all structural memL
bers, C
so it isE important
to I understand
the basic theory underlying
G
K
their design. To analyze the load-carrying capacities of a beam we
kNequilibrium requirements of the beam as a
must first establish 20
the
whole and any portion of it considered separately. Second, we must esFig. 6.14
tablish the relations between the resulting forces and the accompany10-5 of the beam to support these forces. The first
ing internal resistance
part of this analysis requires the application of the principles of statics. The second part involves the strength characteristics of the material and is usually treated in studies
of the mechanics2-5
of solids or the

mechanics of materials.

article

with
the

This
is concerned
external
loading and reactions acting on a beam. In Art. 5/7 we.
calculate
the
distribution
along the beam

of the internal force and moment.
4 ft
4 ft
8 ft
48 kN
A
1800 lb 1800 lb
5 kN
Fig
5k
1.
A
A
7.5 in.
Fig
Fig. P6.3
600 lb
600 lb
A
1.6 m
Statically determinate beams
73
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
Combination
3m
P2
Continuous
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
3m
84 kN
P1
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
Cantilever
1.25 m
Simple
4m
C
30 in.
20 kN
)11-5(
3 ft
40 in.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
32 in.
) (
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
B
32 in.
0.7 m
35 kN
5 kN
0.7 m
3 ft
8 ft
48 kN
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
Beams supported so that their external support reactions can be cal.

culated by the methods of statics alone are called statically determinate
beams. A beam which has more supports than needed to provide equilib

-2-2-5 reactions for
rium is statically
indeterminate.
To determine
the support
we must
consider
its
load-deformation
properties in addi
such
abeam

tion to the equations of static equilibrium. Figure 5/18 shows examples
.
35 kN
2.4 m

2.4 m
2 kN
2.4 m
2.4 m
Types
of
Beams

11-5
End-supported cantilever
Fixed
Statically indeterminate beams
Figure 5/18
.1
74
m 6.1
Nk 5
Nk 02
Nk 02
Nk 5
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 2
C
tf 8
tf 4
tf 4
m 4.2
Nk 2
4.6P .g4
iF
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C
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Article 5/7
279
l Effects
BeamsInterna
V -4-2-5
) 16-5(
to
.
distributed force
iterm
subsequentde
e inIn this article w
V
)16-5( .
e
at
ul
lc
ca
to
s
ic
Shear
at
of st
tion
functions of loca
M
ending
B
8 ft
3 ft
48 kN
8 ft
48 kN
A
3 ft
0.7 m
A
A
7.5 in.
600 lb
Fig
5k
1.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
1.6 m
5 kN
3m
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
3m
1 2
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
84 kN
A
1
1.25 m
4m
84 kN
30 in.
20 kN
4m
40 in.
32 in.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
32 in.
0.7 m
1 2
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
Page 238
Page10/16/09
238
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11:50:46
11:50:46
AM user-s173
AM user-s173
4 ft
4 ft
35 kN
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
1800 lb 1800 lb
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
5 kN
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
2.4 m
2.4 m
2 kN
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
resist
16-5
ion, a beam can
.
ig
F
in
ed
at
tr
are illus .

Article
d the 5/7 TBeamsInternal Effects 279
ouple M is calle
)17-5(
These
ion . T
Tors
sional moment.
forces
V
resultant of the
of
rt
pa
er
w
lo
e
wn in th
distributed force to
T
ubsequent
determiforces
by
ed
us
ca
M
t
men
n this article we inve valentions for positi
statics to calculate
V
e ones
n Fig. 5/23 are th
M
Shear
nctions of location
can see
V
nd reaction we
17-5
efr
is
It
s.
g
he two section
Combined loadin
d
r an -5-2-5
ea
whether the sh
on
is re
th
2
/2
as M
Fi
re 5
negative. For
gu
Bending
e
M
th
on
s
ction
ive dire
)18-5(va

n,osaitbeam
can resist
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10/8/09
4:35:19
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Page
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4:35:19
AM user-s173 /Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ152/MHDQ152-12
/Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ1
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bee80156_ch12_500-535.indd
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user-s173
euser-s173
th
of
illustrated
in
Fig.

ple M is called the
couple M,T
.+V ( )
e bendingThese
of
nalthmoment.
te
si
po
op
and
equa
Torsion
+M
he two of
T +M
l

ultant
the
forces
is
am
12.2 Shear
and
Diagrams
12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment
Diagrams
12.2Bending-Moment
Shear and Bending-Moment
Diagrams
12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams
be
12.2
Shear
and
Bending-Moment
Diagrams
12.2
Shear
and Bending-Moment
Diagrams
e
th
505
505
505
50
of
AND
BENDING-MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
505
SHEAR
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BENDING-MOMENT
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505
12.2
SHEAR
AND
BENDING-MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
n
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DIAGRAMS
12.2
SHEAR
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DIAGRAMS
io
ct
se
sthe lower part of
os
p=qL
in
.

p
to
q
vy
ea
ec.
the
determination
of
the
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absoso- 12.1,
ated
in Sec.
12.1,
the
determination
of
the
maximum
absoAs
indicated
in
Sec.
12.1,
the
determination
of
the
maximum
absoh
mination
of
the
maximum
absoAs
indicated
in
Sec.
12.1,
the
determination
of
the
maximum
absod
an
PP
Pwebw
P
P
P
P
P
PP
wP
P
w
w
w
w
rmoment
en
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and
of the
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alute
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are
are
es
ofte
the
shear
and
bending
moment
inbending
a beam
are
values
of the
shear and
the bending
moment in a beam are
ending
inbending
aofbeam
are
lute
values
ofthe
themoment
shear and
ofby
the
moment
in aofbeam
are
d
ie
rr
ca
ad
if Vle
and
M
are
plotted
against
the
distance
x
meaeaacilitated
if
V
and
M
are
plotted
against
the
distance
x
meagreatly
facilitated
if
V
and
M
are
plotted
against
the
distance
x
mealo
ted
against
the
distance
x
meagreatly
facilitated
if
V
and
M
are
plotted
against
the
distance
x
meae
C
C
C
C
th by forces
C
C
ct
eg
Mofone
caused
nd
the
beam.
Besides,
as
you
insured
Chap.
15,
15,
om
end
of the
beam.
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will
see
in Chap.
15,will
from
one
end
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Besides,
B will see
A you
Bbeam.
Asee
A B
B in Chap. 15,
B
des,
as
will
see
in Chap.
15,will
sured
from
one
end
ofeas
the
asA you
in Chap.
15, asA you
Asee
Bbeam.
rBesides,
pe
up
h
T
s.
ge
T
n
a
M
as
a
function
of
x
is
essential
to
the
determinanawledge
of
M
as
a
function
of
x
is
essential
to
the
determinathe
knowledge
of
M
as
a
function
of
x
is
essential
to
the
determinao
x is
essential
the determinathetoknowledge
M as a function of x is essential to the determinatw
L
L
e
h
nsdeflection
positive
valtion
offor
a beam.
he
a the
beam.
tion
2
2
onof,x theL deflection of xa beam. x
tionofof
deflection of a beam.
x r compressi
x
x
de
un
isofsample
ples
and
problems
of this and
section,
shear
17-5
( a)
ear
the
examples
and
sample
problems
of thisthe
section,
shear and sample
In
thethe
examples
of this section,
the shear
d5/23
oblems
this
section,
shear
In
thethe
examples
the problems
shear
n
(a)sample problems of this section,
g.
are
the
ones
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
lsu
reand
+V will be
ment
diagrams
will
be on
obtained
bye
determining
theobtained
heobtained
ding-moment
will
be
obtained
bywill
determining
thebydiagrams
bending-moment
be
bydiagrams
determining
theh
and
bending-moment
diagrams
be
determining
theobtained by determining the
.T
si
n
te
r
de
un
M
selected
points
the
These
values
will
f of
Vatthe
and
M Pat
selected
points
ofatthe
beam.
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will
values
ofwill
Vvalues
and beam.
M
pointswill
of the beam. These values will
beam.
These
will
values
of of
Vvalues
and beam.
M
selected
points
of
the
These
values
eaction
we
P
MPat selected
P onw
P
wP
w can see ting
w
w
w
, acway,
way,
i.e.,
passing
a passing
section
the
point
int
dsual
in the
usual
way,
i.e.,
by
athrough
section
through
point
beby
found
inthe
the
usual way,
i.e., the
by passing
ve
sing
a section
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point
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i.e.,
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si
es
pr
m
co
3
2
er
h
/
5
75is
V
re
u
It
freoo
determined
(Fig.
12.5a)
and
considering
the
g
hebesections.
hey
are
be
(Fig.
12.5a)
and
considering
the
where
they
are
to
be
determined
(Fig.
12.5a)
and
considering
the
Fi
Fig.
12.5a)
anddetermined
considering
the
they
are
to
be
determined
(Fig.
12.5a)
and
considering
the
A
A to where
A
A
C
C
CA
C
e
C
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th
t Aon
en
om
eecportion
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either
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um
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then
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the
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side of the sec-M
nside
ocated
on
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secequilibrium
of
the
portion
of
beam
located
either
side
the located
sec-M on either
di
M on
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M
M
e12.5b).
h
Combined
loading
her
the
Since
shear
forces
Vand
and
V9
have
opposite
ite
g.
Since
the
shear
forces
V
and
V9
have
opposite
tion
(Fig.
12.5b).
Since
the
shear
forces
V
and
V9
have
opposite
orces
Vthe
and
V9shear
have
opposite
tion
(Fig.
12.5b).
Since
the
shear
forces
V
and
V9
have
opposite
aded
lodown
e (b)
er
w
V C with
V an
V an up or down arrow
V
V the shear at point
V
shap
al
the shear
at point
C
with
or an
arrow
nthe
ow
recording
shear
at e
point
C up
with
up or
down arrow
senses,
recording
(b)
2
10/8/09
4:35:19 AM user-s173 /Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ152/MHDQ152-12
/Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ1
73
A
B
B
E
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D
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k5
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ote
situation described in Fig. 12.6,
d inthat
Fig.the
12.6,
Bx
By
A
A
Nk 48
ven when
point of
tive
thea beam is positive when the
ds and
reactions)
acting on the beam tend
the
beam
tend
m
at
that
point
as
in Fig. 12.6b. Ay indicated in Fig. 12.6b.
1/75m
ntamatisany
given point of1/75m
a beam is positive
positive
orces
actingtheon the beam tend to bend the
nd
to bend
as indicated in Fig. 12.6c.
m3
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Ak 84
bl 0081 bl 0081
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q = 20kN absothe determination

ofPthe maximum
aximum
abso-P
m
P1
P2
P
w
w
w
2
1
nd
of
the
bending
moment
in
a
beam
are 2
in a beam are
A
B
M are xplotted
against
the distance x meastance
meaC
C
C
Besides,
A B
B
B will see in Chap. 15,
ebeam.
in Chap.
15, asA you
C
D
function
of x is essential to the determinahe
determinaa beam.
x
x
sample
of
this
section,
the
shear
tion,
the problems
shear
(a)
(a) 1m
1/5m
1m (a)
grams
will be
termining
These
values
)
)
ctedvalues
pointswill
of the beam.
will (
ese
P1
P1
w
w
w
i.e.,
by
passing
a
section
through
the
point
ough the point
P = q.L P = 201 / 5 = 30kN
erminedC (Fig.
and considering
onsidering
the 12.5a)
A
A
C )
C the

nide
of of
beam
the located
sec-M on either side of the sec-M
M
.
the
forces V and V9 have opposite
haveshear
opposite
V
V C with
V
30kN arrow
at point
(b)
(b) an up or down
rardown
arrow
(b)
RA
nless
we which
indicated atRAthe same time which
me
time
d CB
are considering.
For this reason,P2
or
thiswe
reason,
P2
P2
B B
ded
f thewith
shearing
V'
V' a sign: a plus sign if the shearing
x
V'
wn
in
Fig.
12.5b,
and
a
minus
sign
otherus sign otherB
B
B
C
D
M'
M' apply
nmoment
will
M. It
M'
M. for
It the bending moment
C
C as
tive
if theC bending
re directed
as A couples are directed
By
y
negative
Summarizing
the sign1m R
1m
rizing
theotherwise.
sign R
0/75m 0/75m
RB
B
B
ented, we state:
even
bending
moment
M12.5
at a given point of a Fig. 12.5
point of
a Fig.
ve when
theactinternal forces and 30kN
couples actnd
couples
beam
directed as shown in Fig. 12.6a.
in
Fig.are
12.6a.
can
be
more
mbered if we easily remembered if we
Nk 2
12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams

and Bending-Moment Diagrams
12.2 Shear
50
505and Bending-Moment Diagrams
505
BENDING-MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
GRAMS
+
+
:)
F
x = 0 Bx = 0
+
Fy = 0 A y + By 30 = 0
A y + By = 30 kN I
+
M A = 0 301 / 75 By 3 / 5 = 0
By = 15 kN
. Ay I By
I A y + By = 30 A y + 15 = 30 A y = 15 kN
AM
AM user-s173
user-s173
AM user-s173
-6-2-5
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
()
A
PP22
2
C
C
aC
48 kN
BB
B
(a)
(a)
(a)
3 ft
A
PP22
P2
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
3m
7.5 in.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
Fig
5k
1.
600 lb
5 kN
600 lb
A
1.6 m
C
C
C
30 in.
20 kN
V'
M'
M'
M'
3m
VVa
18-5 V'
V'
M
M
Ma
M
84 kN
VV
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
C
C
C
(b)
(b)
(b)
BB
B
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
w
w
w
4m
40 in.
32 in.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
32 in.
0.7 m
35 kN
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
R
RAA
A
RAy
3 ft
0.7 m
5 kN
AA
A
PP11
P1
8 ft
48 kN
A
xx
x
pP
8 ft
AA
A
w
w
w
4 ft
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
2.4 m
PP11
P1
4 ft
2 kN
of
of the
the maximum
maximum absoabsoof the maximum
absomoment
in
are
moment
in aa beam
beam
are
moment
in
a
beam
are
inst
inst the
the distance
distance xx meameainst will
the see
distance
x meayou
in
15,
you
will
see
in Chap.
Chap.
15,
you
will
Chap. 15,
ential
to
the
ential
tosee
theindeterminadeterminaential to the determinaof
of this
this section,
section, the
the shear
shear
of
this
the shear
ned
by
determining
the
ned
bysection,
determining
the
ned byThese
determining
the
beam.
values
beam.
These
values will
will
beam. through
These values
will
ection
the
ection
through
the point
point
ection
through
the
point
5a)
5a) and
and considering
considering the
the
5a)
and considering
the
nn either
side
either
side of
of the
the secseceither
the secV9
have
Vnand
and
V9side
haveofopposite
opposite
V9or
opposite
an
down
arrow
h and
an up
up
orhave
down
arrow
hat
an
up
or
down
arrow
at the
the same
same time
time which
which
at
the same
timereason,
which
dering.
For
dering.
For this
this
reason,
dering.
thisshearing
reason,
plus
sign
ifif the
plus
signFor
the
shearing
plus
if the
shearing
and
minus
sign
otherand aasign
minus
sign
otherand
a
minus
sign
otherbending
M.
bending moment
moment
M. It
It
77
bending
moment
M. as
It
couples
directed
couples are
are
directed
as
are directed
as
couples
Summarizing
the
Summarizing
the sign
sign
1800 lb 1800 lb
2.4 m

12.2
Shear
and
Diagrams
12.2
Shear
and Bending-Moment
Bending-Moment
Diagrams
505
505
ENT
ENT DIAGRAMS
DIAGRAMS
12.2
Shear
and
Bending-Moment
Diagrams
a-a ) 18-5( . 505

ENT DIAGRAMS
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hrough the point

d considering the
A
C
r side of the secM
V9 have opposite
V
p or down
arrow
(b)

R
A
same time which
p
)19-5(Diagrams
.
505
For this reason, DIAGRAMS
NG-MOMENT
P2
V
n if the shearing
etermination of the maximum abso- V'a P
P2
w
minus sign other1
B
he bending moment in a beam are
M
M'a
ng moment M. It
19-5
plotted against the distance x meaC
C
es are directed as
Besides, as you will see in Chap. 15, A
B
marizing the sign
R
n of x is essential
theand
determina12.2to
Shear
Bending-Moment Diagrams B
By
505
AMS
.
Fig. 12.5
x
505
given point of 12.2
a Shear
AMS
eum
problems
of this)V(
section,
the
shear
abso
-1
(a)
P2
s and couples act- P1
w

um be
absowill
obtained by
determining
the:
beam
are
P
P
w
wn in Fig. 12.6a. )M(
1 -2
2
beam
oints
ofare
the beam. These values will
ce
x meaC
P1
membered
if we
w
x meayce
passing
through the point
Chap.
15,a section
A
B
C
B -1-6-2-5
Chap.
ed
(Fig.15,12.5a)
A and considering the
eterminaA
C
side

sec
ositive
when
the
eterminaam
located
on
either
of the
M
x
on
the
beam
tend
ear
have
opposite
the forces
shear V and V9 .
) 20-5( ( a)

x
V
ed
in
Fig.
12.6b.
the
shear
point
C
with
an
up
or
down
arrow
(b)
mining the
(a)
RA
beam
is positive
mining
the
ealues
indicated
at the same time which
will
p
P
w
tend
to
bend the P1 For this
alues
will
we
are
considering.
reason,
the
point
P2
w
1
V
the
point
th
a sign:
ering
the a plus
V'a
A sign if the shearing
C
ering
the
Fig.
12.5b,
and
a
minus
sign
otherfibed
the in
secA
C
B
M
Fig. 12.6,
M
M'a
fopposite
the for
sec-the bending moment M. It M
pply
Ma
ding moment are
C
opposite
the
bending
are directedVas
wn
arrow
(b)
he left
half couples
of a
VVa
RA
wn
arrow
e otherwise.
Summarizing
the sign
(b)
me
which
RB
ed
load
at its midA
R
y
A
me
which
we
state:
By
is
reason,
P
2
next example.
12.5
isshearing
reason,
ng
moment M at a given pointV'of a PFig.
2

engn
shearing
theotherinternal forces and couplesV'actB
gn otherare
directed
M' 12.6a.
ent
M. It as shown in Fig.
20-5
B
M' if C
ment
M.
It
e
more
easily
remembered
we
irected as
C
-2-6-2-5
as
girected
the sign
RB
g the sign
RB
int of a beam
is12.5
positive when the
Fig.
point
of a
tend
V

reactions)
acting
on M
the
beam
b)
Effect
of
(c) Effect of external forces
Fig. forces
12.5
point
of
a external
uples
actat point
as shear)
indicated
Fig. 12.6b.
(positive
(positive
bending
in

moment)

uples
act- .
ig.
12.6a.
ny given point of a beam is positive
ig. 12.6a.
ed
if on
wethe beam tend to bend the
acting
ed if we
cated
11.2. in Fig. 12.6c.
78
the
twhen
the situation
described in Fig. 12.6,
when
the
eam
tend
ar and of the bending moment are
Nk 2
A
B
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 5
Nk 02
k5
m 6.1
.1
Nk 5
.ni 03
Nk 02
Nk 5
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
giF
C
.ni 03
m 4.2
m 4.2
Nk 53
m 4.2
Nk 53
m 4.2
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
B
B
Nk 84
m 7.0
.ni 23
m 7.0
.ni 23
bl 006
A
bl 006
g3
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 5.7
B
B
.ni 04
.ni 04
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 48
A
A
N
Ak 84
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 4
tf 8
tf 8
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
tf 4
A
A
B
tf 3
tf 3
m4
Nk 48
m4
m 52.1
m5
B2.1
B
m3
m3
A
A
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niseU
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rht 1.6
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ot reeh
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em
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aem
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et nnoiissn
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SM
SE
M
LB
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LBR
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/2
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173
C )
12.2 Shear
Shear and
Bending-Moment Diagrams
Diagrams
12.2
505
505and Bending-Moment
AGRAMS
maximum abso- P
w
2
in a beam are
distance x meaC
A
ee in Chap. 15, A B
the determina-
P11
P1=40kN
P2=20kN
C C
1m
(a)
A
A
4 ft
M'
By
P22
1m
8 ft
3 ft
0.7 m
+
:) 2
C
+
F
x = 0 Ax = 0
RBB
3 ft
48 kN
V'1m
(b)
C
8 ft
48 kN
A
1m
3m
A
A
30 in.
20 kN
A
A
7.5 in.
Fig
5k
600 lb
5 kN
1.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
1.6 m
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
3m
84 kN
By = 32 kN
I A y + 32 = 60 A y = 28 kN
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
M A = 0 40 2 + 20 4 5By = 0
40 in.
1.25 m
4m
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
A y + By = 60 kN
B
C
30 in.
20 kN
32 in.
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
32 in.
0.7 m
Fy = 0 A y + By 40 20 = 0
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:) 1
P2=20kN
1800 lb 1800 lb
35 kN
sitive
itive when the
the beam tend
in Fig. 12.6b.
79
eam is positive
nd to bend the
1m
4 ft
5 kN
Fig. 12.5
P1=40kN
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
2.4 m
1m
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
2 kN
2m
ction, the shear
(a)
etermining the
hese values will
P11
w
rough
ough the point
considering
onsidering
A
C the
side of the sec-M
have opposite
A
V x
or down arrow
(b)
A
me time which y RAA
For this reason,P2
if the shearing
V'
2m
nus sign otherB
M'
moment
M. It
C as
are directed
arizing the sign R
iven point of a
nd couples actn in Fig. 12.6a.
mbered if we
P22
)3 C
.
40
VC
MC
1m
2m
Ay=28 kN
)4
m 4.2
Nk 2
Nk 53
m 4.2
Nk 84
tf 8
C
.
.
C
N
Ak 84
Nk 2
Nk 2
-7-2-5
tf 8
m 4.2
bl 0081 bl 0081
Nk 2
C
tf 4
m 4.2
tf 4
M c = 44 kN.m
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
M c = 0 28 3 401 M c = 0
tf 3
Nk 53
.ni 23
m 7.0
Nk 5
Nk 02
Nk 02
.ni 03
C
C
C
.ni 03
F
C
bl 006
A
m 6.1
Nk 5
.1
k5
giF
bl 006
.ni 5.7
g3
iF
.6P .giF
80
m3
Nk 48

m3
.ni 23
.ni 04
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 04
m5
B2.1
m4
Nk 48

egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
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rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
m4
m 52.1
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
Nk 5
tf 3
m 7.0
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
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-h
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Fy = 0 28 40 Vc = 0 Vc = 12 kN
-8-2-5
-2 X
X . .
A
4 ft
A
4 ft
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
7.5 in.
C
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
600 lb
A
3m
3m
84 kN
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
4m
1.25 m
3 ft
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
40 in.
32 in.
3 ft
0.7 m
32 in.
0.7 m
8 ft
48 kN
8 ft
48 kN
A
30 in.
Fig
5k
5 kN
C
1.
1.6 m
1800 lb 1800 lb
C
C
30 in.
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
35 kN
35 kN
2.4 m
20 kN
20 kN
5 kN
B
E
F
81
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
2.4 m
2.4 m
5 kN
2 kN
2 kN
2 kN
-5
X .
2 kN
-4
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
-3
A
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-1

nd Bending-Moment Diagrams
12.2 Shear
3 Diagrams 505
505
ENDING-MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
GRAMS
.ni 03
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 5
Nk 5
Nk 02
Nk 02
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
C
C
.ni 03
m 4.2
m 4.2
m 4.2
Nk 53
Nk 53
m 4.2
D
D
.ni 23
m 7.0
.ni 23
F
.1
m 6.1
C
C
Nk 5
k5
82
giF
.ni 04
.ni 04
A
bl 006
A
bl 006
C
C
.ni 5.7
situation described in Fig. 12.6,

dteinthat
Fig.the
12.6,
emoment
shear and
areof the bending moment are
ituation
left
half that
of a occurs in the left half of a
g3
iF
.6P .giF
m4
Nk 48
Nk 48
m5
B2.1
B
m3
A
A
m3
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
B
B
Nk 84
m 7.0
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
m4
a-a -3
ven
point of
ive when
thea beam is positive when the
ds
reactions)
acting on the beam tend
he and
beam
tend
mn at
that
point as indicated in Fig. 12.6b.
Fig.
12.6b.
Ma
tamatisany
given
positive point of a beam is positive
0 x 3m
orces
actingtheon the beam xtend to bend the
d to bend
Ay=10 kN
s indicated in Fig. 12.6c.
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
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rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
N
Ak 84
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 4
tf 8
tf 8
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
tf 4
A
A
B
tf 3
tf 3
m 52.1
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
371s-re
3s
7u
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Va
P=20kN

the determination
ofPthe maximum abso-P
aximum
abso-P
P1
P2
w
w
w
2
1
2
nd
the bending
moment in a beam are
n aofbeam
are

M are xplotted
against
the
distance
x
meastance
meaC
C
C
A
C
B
.
Besides,
A B
B
B will see in Chap. 15,
ebeam.
in Chap.
15, asA you
unction
of x is essential to the determinae determinabeam.
x
x
sample
of
this
section,
the
shear
on, the problems
shear
(a)
(a)
3m
3m
(a)
rams
will be
ermining
tedvalues
pointswill
of the beam. These
values
se
:
will

-1
P1 w
P1
w
w
+ point
i.e., the
by passing
ugh
point a section through the
+
ermined
and considering
nsidering
the 12.5a)
A
A
C
C (Fig.
C the
F
x = 0 Bx = 0
of of
beam
de
the located
sec-M on either side of the sec-M
M
he shear
forces V and V9 have opposite 20
have
opposite
A y =VBy = = 10 kN
V
V C with
ardown
at point
(b)
(b) an up or down arrow
arrow
2 (b)
R
R
A
less
we
indicated
at
the
same
time
which
A
e time which
are.
considering.
thisreason,
r CB
thiswe
reason,
P2 For
x
P2 A x a-a P-2
2
ed
thewith
shearing
V'
V'
wnsign
in Fig.
12.5b, and
a
minus
sign
otherus
otherP=20kN
B
B
B
M'
M'
will
apply
for
the
bending
moment
M. It
M'
moment M. It
C
C as
ivedirected
if theC bending
couples are directed
re
as
b
a
negative
Summarizing the sign R
izing theotherwise.
sign R
Bx
RB
B
B
ented, we state:
bending
moment
M12.5
at a given
a point of a bFig. 12.5
en
point of
a Fig.
x
theactinternal forces and couples actde when
couples
Ay=10 kN
By=10 kN
beam
directed
as shown
in
Fig.are
12.6a.
3m in Fig. 12.6a.3m
can be ifmore
mbered
we easily remembered if we
: -4
+
0 x 3 m
Fy = 0 10 Va = 0 Va = 10 kN )I(
+
Fy = 0 10 Va = 0 Va = 10 kN
M a = 0 10 x M a = 0 M a = 10 x
M a = 0 10 x M a = 0 M a = 10 x
0 x 3 m
)II(
0 x 3 m
. 3 m x 6m b-b
A
B
B
3 ft
3 ft
0.7 m
3m
3 m x 6m
A
A
7.5 in.
Fig
5k
1.
600 lb
5 kN
1.6 m
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
84 kN
30 in.
20 kN
M b = 60 10 x )IV(
3m
40 in.
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
3 m x 6m
M b = 0 10 x 20 (x 3) M b = 0
M b = 10 x 20 (x 3)
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
4m
40 in.
32 in.
C
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
)III(
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
32 in.
0.7 m
35 kN
5 kN
Fy = 0 10 20 Vb = 0 Vb = 10 kN
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AM user-s173
AM user-s173
Mb
48 kN
b-b
10 20 Vb = 0 Vb = 10 kN
83
Vb
C
8 ft
48 kN
A
8 ft
4 ft
1800 lb 1800 lb
x-3
x
3m
4 ft
B
D
2 kN
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
Ay=10 kN
2.4 m
2.4 m
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
2 kN
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
P=20kN
. III I -5
(I)
Va = 10 kN
0 x 3m
(III)
Vb = 10 kN
3 m x 6m
IV II -6
.
(II)
M a = 10x
x (m) M(kN.m)
0 x 3m
3
30
ge
505 10/8/09
user-s173 /Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ152/MHDQ152-12
/Volumes/MHDQ-Ne
user-s173
(IV) 4:35:19
M = 60AM 10
x 3 m x 6m
M b = 60 10x
x (m) M(kN.m)
3
30
3 m x 6m
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
(IV)
0 x 3m
M a = 10x
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
(II)
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
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u:0
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61
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:/
16
11/0
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0/68
13
/2
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8P
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en
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5108eeb
Nk 2
B
B
(b)
E
P2
F
V'
Nk 02
)M(
.ni 03
A
Nk 5
Nk 5
Nk 02
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
C
.ni 03
(b)IV
RA
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
(a)
Nk 53
.ni 23
m 7.0
III
m 4.2
D
Nk 53
m 4.2
m 4.2
)V(
.ni 04
P2
m 4.2
C
A
P1
m 6.1
.1
C
k5
84
Nk 5
M'
giF
bl 006
g3
iF
.6P .giF
bl 006
A
C
C
.ni 5.7
m 7.0
(a)
.ni 04
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 48
A
A
tf 4
tf 8
bl 0081 bl 0081
N
Ak 84
Nk 84
tf 3
m4
Nk 48
m4
m 52.1
m5
B2.1
B
m3
m3
A
A
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
A B
tf 3
P1
tf 8
c.
12.1,
the determination
ofPthe maximum abso-P
maximum
abso-P
Pthe
w
1
w
2
1
shear and
the bending
moment in a beam are 2
oment
in aofbeam
are
ft V
M are xplotted
against the distance x meatheand
distance
meaC
C
d
of
the
beam.
Besides,
as
you
will
see
in
Chap.
15,
u will see in Chap. 15, A B
M
function
of x is essential to the determinaialastoathe
determinaon of xa beam.
x
les
sample
problems
of this3msection, the shear
his and
section,
the
shear
I
(a)
3m
entbydiagrams
will be
d
determining
at selectedvalues
pointswill
of 10the
kN beam. These values will
am.
P1 These
P1
w
w
ual
i.e., the
by passing
on way,
through
point a section +through the point
be
and considering
anddetermined
considering
the 12.5a)
A
C (Fig.
C the
10
kN
portion
of
beam
located
on
either
side
of
the
sec-M
either side of the sec-M
Since
forces
nd
V9 the
haveshear
opposite
II
V and V9 have opposite
V
V
kN.m arrow
the
at point
C with
down
(b) an up or 30
n upshear
or down
arrow
less,same
unless
we which
indicated atRAthe same time
the
time
+ which
AC
and
CB
we
are
considering.
For
this
reason,P2
ring. For this reason,P2
es recorded
sign if thewith
shearing
V'
shownsign
in Fig.
12.5b, and
a
minus
sign
otherd as
a minus
otherB
M'
ventionmoment
will apply
M. It
M'
nding
M. for
It the bending moment
C
C
as
positive
if
the
bending
couples
are
directed
as
uples are directed as
e, and negative
Summarizing the sign
Summarizing
theotherwise.
sign
.ni 23
20kN
tf 4
12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagra

.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams
12.2 Shear
505
AND
BENDING-MOMENT
DIAGRAMS
T DIAGRAMS
d bending-moment diagrams,
snoitauqe(b)
ehtdetermine
enimretedthe
)b(equations
,smargaid tnemom-gnidneb dna raehs
B
C
w
0
ear and bending-moment
curves.
.sevruc tnemDom-gnidneb dna raehs eht fo
A
a
w
L
Fig. P12.4
A
b -
a

Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for
L the Lmaximum absom and loading shown, and determine
L-
e (a) of the shear, (b) of the
Fig.bending
P12.2 moment.
2.21P .giF
. - 1.21P .giF
b
.6
0 kN
60 kN
w0
E
B
C
a
500 N
200 N
40 kN
B
C
D
A
E
a
0w
B
a
L
L
300
225
300
225
Fig.
4.21
Pm
.giF
0/5P12.4
m
0/7
Dimensions in mm
1/2 m
Fig. P12.6
0.9 m
3.21P .giF
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
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Page 238
Page10/16/09
238
10/16/09
11:50:46
11:50:46
AM user-s173
AM user-s173
0.6 m
w
w
200 N 200 N
C
B 24 kN
A
4 ft
4 ft
1800 lb 1800 lb
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
Nk 06
A B
B
48 kN
B
C
0225
03
Nk 06
Nk 84
D D 15 kips
EC
8 ft
48 kN
A
D
5300
22
C
B
3 ft
00225
3
0/5m
0/7
Dimensions
m ni snoisnin
emmm
iD
4 ft
4 ft
4 ft
Fig. P12.6
6.21P .giF
Fig. P12.8
0.7 m
0.9 m
3 ft
A A5y 2300
2
35 kN
2.4 m
8 ft
E30 kips MA
CE
B A 2 kips/ft
B
Ax
2.4 m
0.6 m
N 002 N 0200
05 N N
00N
2 N 0500
02 N
200 N
40 kN
24200
kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
60 kN
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
0 kN
2 kN
.6 Draw the shearroand

f smbending-moment
argaid tnemom-gndiagrams
idneb dnaforraehs eht warD 6.21 dna 5.21
m and loading shown,-oand
sba m
determine
umixam ethe
ht emaximum
nimreted dabsona ,nwohs gnidaol dna ma:
eb eht
shear
bending-moment
diagrams
e.8(a) Draw
of the the
shear,
(b) and
of the
bending
.tnemom
moment.
gnidn
eb eh
t fofor
)
b
(
,
r
a
e
h
s
e
h
t
f
o
)
a
(
e
u
l
a
v etul
)
m and loading shown, and determine the maximum absoe (a) of the shear, (b) of the bending moment.
m 9.0
m 6.0
m 5.1
m 5.1
3 ft
3m
84 kN
3m
A
A
D
C
B
A
A
t4f ft
4
C
7.5 in.
Fig
5k
1.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
4tf ft4
t4f ft
4
600 lb
85
3 ft
600 lb
A
5 kN
D
C
15 kips
tf/spik 2
A
30 in.
20 kN
spik 51
2 kips/ft
C
1.6 m
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
40 in.
30 kips
F
F
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
4m
40 in.
32 in.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
35 kN
M A = 0 M A + 24 0 / 5 + 401 / 20 = 0 M A = 60 kN.m
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
32 in.
0.7 m
5 kN
5.21P .giF
+
+
F
= 0 Ax = 0
.8 Draw the xshearroand
f smbending-moment
argaid tnemom-gndiagrams
idneb dnaforraehs eht warD 8.21 dna 7.21
m and loading+ shown,
o
and
s
b
a
m
determine
u
m
i
x
a
m
e
the
h
t
e
maximum
n
i
m
na ,nwohs gnidaol dna maeb eht
Fy = 0 A y 24 40 = 0 Aryet=ed
64dabsokN
e (a) of the shear, (b) of the bending
.tnemom
moment.
gnidneb eht fo )b( ,raehs eht fo )a( eulav etul
B
A
spik 03
tf 3
tf/spik 3
tf 6
dding-moment
bending-moment
diagrams,
diagrams,
snoi(b)
tauqdetermine
e(b)
ehtdetermine
enimthe
reteequations
dthe
)b(equations
,smargaid tnemom-gnidneb dna raehs
nd
ear
and
bending-moment
curves.
curves.
.sdiagrams
eavruc atnefor
mom-gnidneb dna raehs eht fo
.6 bending-moment
Draw
a the
aa
B shear anda bending-moment
B
m and loading shown, and determine the maximum absoL
L
L
L
e (a) of the shear, (b) of the bending moment.
P
Fig. P12.4
Fig.:)P12.4
1P
.giF
0 xw 0 / 5w4(.2
AB
3.21P .giF
A
C
B
40 kN
500 N 200 N
.6
and Draw
bending-moment
the shearA
rBoand
fdiagrams
sm
argaidfor
tnemom-gndiagrams
idnebBA dnafor
Braehs eht warD 6.21 dna 5.21
Abending-moment
a
b
mand
anddetermine
loading
shown,
the maximum
-oand
sba m
determine
umabsoixam ethe
ht emaximum
nimreted dabsona ,nwohs gnidaol dna maeb eht
D
E
A
C
D
E
B
b
b
a
B moment.
eof(a)theofbending
the shear,
(b) of the bending
.tnemom
moment.
L
C
A
LLB
L
a
b
Fig. 2P12.2
Fig.
P12.2
.2
1P02.gNi225
F
1.21P .giF
200
5 N225
200
00N
22300
300
0mkN
60NkN200 N N 00500
Nk 06
Nk 06
Nk 84
0N 0200
x0200
0N/ 5N
0N/ 50500
x 1200
/ 2N
w
w
win mm
Dimensions
0.6 m
0.9 m
Va
D
E
E
D
C
MA=60
A
C
D
B AEP12.6
Fig.
B
C CEB B D MD C
B EC C A B
B
A
w0
w0 B
w
0
a
D
D
D
A
A
A
0 kN
C
60 kN
200 N 24200
kNN
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
i2
.2
5_
76
20
-h
6c
2_
26
_5
61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
.8 Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for

300 B
225
300 A5ya=64
2300
2 225
03
5300
22 a 00225
3a
a 0225
Bshown,
mmand loading
and determine
the maximum
absox
Dimensions
in mm
m
Dimensions
m nLi snmoment.
oisnLin
emmm
iD
0.9
m (b)
e (a)0.6
ofmthe
shear,
of the bending
ig. P12.6
Fig.a-a
P12.6
6.21P .giF
Fig. P12.4
Fig. P12.4
4.21P .giF
B
m 9.0
m 5.1
m 5.1
L
m 6.0
5.21P .giF
3.21P .giF
0 x 0/ 5
tf 6
Nk 5
E
E
Nk 5
Nk 02
F
C
m 6.1
.1
Nk 5
k5
tf 6
giF
tf 3
Nk 02
C
.ni 03
.ni 03
A
bl 006
A
86
B
t4f ft
4
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 23
m 7.0
B
B
C
C
4 ft
tf/spik 3
spik 03
bl 006
4tf ft4
.ni 23
.ni 04
.ni 04
m4
m4
Nk 48
Nk 48
m5
B2.1
B
m3
m3
4 ft
D
C
g3
iF
.6P .giF
t4f ft
4
D
CD
.ni 5.7
4 ft
3 ft
B
A
3 ft
spik 51 15 kips15 kips

2 kips/ft
M2 kips/ft
= 40 x 48
0 / 5tf/spxik21 / 2
A
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
M b = 64x 24(x 0 / 5) 60
5.21P .giF
b-b
Draw
.8 Draw
the shear
the shear
and robending-moment
and
f +smbending-moment
argaid tnemodiagrams
m-gndiagrams
idnefor
b dnaforraehs eht warD 8.21 dna 7.21
0 64
Fuym=ithe
24nimVrabso= 0 naV,bn=w40
kN
mloading
and loading
shown,
shown,
and -determine
oand
sba m
determine
xam maximum
ethe
ht emaximum
eb ted dabsoohs gnidao0l /d5na xmae1b/ 2eht
of
e (a)
theofshear,
the shear,
(b) of(b)
theof+bending
the bending
.tnmoment.
emom
moment.
M b = 0 M b M A + 64 x 24(x 0 / 5) = 0
30 kips30 kips
m 5.1
7.21P .giF
A
m 5.1
AA
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 53
m 4.2
m 4.2
m 4.2
m 4.2
m 6.0
tf/spik 3
Nk 84
Nk 53
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
m 52.1
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
tf 3
tf 3
m 9.0
tf 3
4 ft 3 ft
4 ft 300A5=64
ft
4
4tf ft45300
43
300
24t4f ft
225
0225
03300
22 225 t40f 0ft
225
y2
m
x
Fig.
P12.8
Fig. Dimensions
P12.8
m
Dimensions
m niin
snmm
oisnin
emmm
iD8.21P .giF
6 m 0.6
0.9
m m 0.9 m
0/5
x -0/5
Fig. P12.6
Fig. P12.6
6.21P .giF
E C
N
Ak 84
Nk 06
Nk 84
tf 8
tf 8
D E C E
B
sN
pikk 0063
m 7.0
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 4
:)0 / 5 x 1 / 2 ( BC
40ft0500
N
0200
2 4Nft0200
0s200
200
N
2 15Nkips
0500
0200
2 4NftN 200 N
150kips
p5ikN5N1 N
2 kips/ft 24 kN
tf/spik 2
Fig. P12.8
Vb
MA=60
AC
CEDB D
B B
C B BA D
C D DE D
C EC B AB B
Mb
A
A
330ft kips
0 kN 60 kN 60
kN
2 kips/ft
tf 4
+a m
mand
anddetermine
loading
shown,
the
-determine
sbb
determine
mabsoixxaam
mmaximum
ethe
the
emaximum
maximum
mrrabsoetedd dabsodabsowoohhss ggnniiddaaooll ddnnaa m
maaeebb eehhtt
C shown,
m
loading
and
loading
shown,
and -maximum
ooand
sand
aM
m
determine
uum
hhtt e+
nn64
iim
nna0a
,,nnw
=.i0tthe
oeM
xeebteM
M
64exhtf60
B (b) ofthe
a bending
a gD
At =
ae=
e
of
(a)
the
of
bending
the
shear,
moment.
n
e
m
m
moment.
n
i
d
n
e
h
f
o
)
b
(
,
r
a
h
s
o
)
a
(
e
C
B
of
e (a)
theofshear,
the shear,
(b) of(b)
the
ofbending
the bending
.tnmoment.
emom
moment.
gnidneb eht fo )b( ,raehs eht fo )a( euullaavv eettuull
A
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
15 kips
30 kips
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
m
Fy = 0
64
Va-g=ndiagrams
0 bVadn=afor
64 kN
2bending-moment
kips/ft
.8
and Draw
bending-moment
the shear
shear
oand
fdiagrams
mo
om
m
waarrD
D 6
8.21 dna 7.21
Draw
.6 Draw
the shear
the
and rrobending-moment
fand
ssm
bending-moment
aarrggaaiiddfor
ttnneem
diagrams
-gndiagrams
iiddnneefor
b dnaforrraaeehhss eehhtt w
.21 dna 5.21

loading shown, and determine the maximum absoof the shear, (b) of the bending moment.
60 kN
E
200 N 200 N
24 kN
500 N
200 N
40 kN
B
300
6m
0.9 m
225
300
0/5Dimensions in mm
0/7
Fig. P12.6
64
225
40
+
+

loading shown, and determine the maximum abso
of the shear, (b) of the bending moment.
28
60
15 kips
kips/ft
2
)
4 ft
1800 lb 1800 lb
3 ft
48 kN
8 ft
48 kN
A
3m
84 kN
3m
A
A
7.5 in.
Fig
5k
600 lb
5 kN
1.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
600 lb
A
C
1.6 m
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
4m
84 kN
40 in.
30 in.
20 kN
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
4m
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
32 in.
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
32 in.
0.7 m
35 kN
3 ft
0.7 m
5 kN
87
8 ft
2 kN
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
:
2.4 m
2.4 m
Fig. P12.8
4 ft
4 ft
M max = 60 kN.m
Vmax = 64 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
3 ft
4 ft
4 ft
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
Page 238
Page10/16/09
238
10/16/09
11:50:46
11:50:46
AM user-s173
AM user-s173
30 kips

.
.
() .
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
m 4.2
.
N
Ak 84
Nk 2
Nk 2
: .
tf 8
m 4.2
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 4
Nk 2
m 4.2
tf 4
Nk 2
Nk 53
Nk 5
C
.ni 03
Nk 02
.ni 03
C
C
Nk 02
.ni 23
.ni 04
Nk 48
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 23
m 7.0
m4
Nk 48
.ni 04
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 5
m 7.0
Nk 53
m 4.2
Nk 84
tf 3
tf 3
m4
m 52.1
m5
B2.1
B
m3
A
m3
F
C
bl 006
A
m 6.1
Nk 5
.1
k5
giF
bl 006
.ni 5.7
g3
iF
.6P .giF
A
A
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
88
tf 8
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
i2
.2
_5
76
20
-h
6c
_2
26
_5
61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
RUSS
11:50:46
AM user-s173
types of engineering structures. It

C
n economical solution to many engi
the design of bridges and buildings.
g. 6.2a. A truss consists of straight
: -1
D
russ11:50:46
membersAMare
connected at their A
09
user-s173
B
)
ber is continuous through a joint. In
no member AB; there are instead two
P

)
Most actual structures are made of
(a)
o form a space framework. Each truss
C
which act in its plane and thus may
l structure.
6.18andUsing
of a 6.1
trussthrough
are slender
can the
sup-method of joints, determine the force
in
each
member
of
the
truss
each member
D
s, therefore, must be applied to the shown. State whether
A
B
is
in
tension
or
compression.
members themselves. When a conbetween two joints, or when a disP
P=100kN
ed by the truss,
as in the case of a
3m
6.1 through
Using
the method of joints,(b)determine the force
ust be provided
which,6.18
through
the
A
5 450
meach
3 mState whether
lb member
6.2
each
member
the trussFig.
shown.
ms, transmitsinthe
load
to theof joints
PROBLEMS
25 m
3m
PROBLEMS
is in tension or compression.
A
B
B
3 ft
1200N
1200 N
3 ft
0.7 m
3m
A
3m
5/00m
500
mm
375 mm
A
500 mm
B 12 kips
A
7.5 in.
Fig
5k
Fig. P6.3
Fig
1.
600 lb
5 kN
600 lb
A
)(
400
A mm
Fig. P6.6
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
375
mm
4/00m
1200 N
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
84 kN
C
C
4/00m
400
mm
4m
84 kN
4m
40 in.
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
32 in.
32 in.
0.7 m
30 in.
20 kN
C
1.6 m
)(
600 lb
5 kN
30 in.
2/4m
24 in.
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
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Page 238
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11:50:46
11:50:46
AM user-s173
AM user-s173
8 ft
Fig. P6.3
89
B
Fig. P6.5
8 ft
48 kN
0/75m
7.5
in.
Fig. P6.6
20 kN
C
4 ft
48 kN
A
B
30 in.
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig.32
P6.5
in.
4 ft
35 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
5 kN
40 in.
32 in.
C
D
600 lb
1800 lb 1800 lb
35 kN
2.4 m
40 in.
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
2 kN
Fig. P6.2
84 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
4m
2.4 m
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
2 kN
bers of the truss are also assumed

to . B -2
A
f the weight of3 meach member being
nts the member connects.
Although
10 in.
A
m
450
lb
450N
kN
ned 84
together
by means of welded,
B
it1.25
is mcustomary
to assume that theC
B
therefore, the forces acting at each
A
24 in.
ingle force and no
thein.
C couple. Thus, 7.5
lied
to a truss member are Fig.
a single
g.
P6.2
P6.3
101m
in.
84 kN
400 mm
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.3
indd
ndd Page
Page 239
239 10/16/09
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11:50:53 AM
AM user-s173
user-s173
10/16/09
11:50:53 AMD user-s173
40 in.
E
55ftft
11
11ftft
12 kN
AA
DD
Fig. P6.16
EE
A
B
B
Nk 2
A
8 ft
7
5 ft
Nk 5
Nk 02
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
Nk 5
Nk 53
C
C
.ni 03
.ni 03
Nk 02
D
D
m 7.0
.ni 23
m 7.0
B
.ni 04
5 ft
6 ft90
5 ft
6 ft
30
30
.ni 23
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
)(
66ftft 3
40 kips
Nk 5
BB6 ft
CC
55ftft
tf 3
m4
24 kips
k5
6 ft
30
30
B77 1
88ftft
Fig. P6.14
E
G
giF
E
66 P6.13 C
88
Fig.
G
55
55ftft
55ftft
H
Fig.
Fig. P6.16
P6.16
G
150 lb
6 ft
1.6
1.6mm
Fig.EEP6.15
40
kN
40
40kips
kips
bl 006
A
10 kips
66ftft
7.5 ft
E33
66ftft
m 52.1
DD
F44
HH
D
10 ft 22
A11
10 ft
24kips
in.
40
kN
24
24
kips
10 kips
m5
B2.1
CC
Fig. P6.12
10 kips
m4
Nk 48
B
10
10kips
kips
tf 3
Fig.
Fig. P6.13
P6.13
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 2
m 4.2
Fig. AP6.9
aa
m 6.1
aa
5 kN
12 ft
.1
GG
aa
HH
EE
m 4.2
m 4.2
EE
5 ft
B 12
18
Nk 53
m 4.2
C
tf 4
bl 0081 bl 0081
A DD
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
tf 8
10 in. 10 in.
CC
F BB
bl 006
DD
5 ft
1/5 m
m55kN
1.6
kN
D
C
.

-4
Fig.
Fig. P6.14
P6.14
D
5 ft
CC
AA
g3
iF
.6P .giF
BB
m
m
F24
F33 in.
.ni 5.7
33mm
33 m
m
Fig. P6.8
150
150lblb
Fig. P6.11
10
10kips
kips
A
Fig. P6.6

:
10
kN
5 kN
12 kN
66ftft
E
DD
CC
24
24in.
in.
GG
FF
1.25 m
m3
BB
24
24in.
in.
D
DD
10
10ftft
B
BB
500 mm
EE
12
20 kN
tf 8
3m
10
10kips
kips
38
AA
Fig. 2P6.10
kN
. P6.7
10
10ftft
1.2 m
AA
m3
3 m CC
1.2 m
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
Fig.
Fig. P6.11
P6.11
kN
5 kN
D 10
10
10in.
in. 10
10in.
in.
E
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
i2
.2
5_
76
20
-h
6c
2_
26
_5
61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
2 kN
0.9 m
375
C

B -3
B
30 in.. 400
mm :
Fig. P6.5 .
3 kN
12 ft
1.2
1.2mm
. P6.4
1.2
1.2mm
BDD
5 ft
EE
2.4
A m
11 ft
DD
2.4 m
CC
12
12ftft
6 kN
35 kN
5 ft
693 lb
tf 4
33kN
kN
D
BB
)(
32 in.
0.7 m
BB
AA
Fig. P6.9
48 kN
1200 N
693
693lblb
Nk 48
66kN
kN
12
m
12 ft
239
239
Problems
Problems
55ftft
3m
3m
/Volum
ft
55 m
N
Ak 84
1818
kips
kN
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd Page 239
600 lb
55 m
ft
1.6 m
E
/Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ152/MHDQ1
/Volumes/MHDQ-New/MHDQ152/MHDQ
kips
B 1212
kN
24 in.
7.5 in.
C
5 kN
Nk 84
8 ft
1800 lb
20 kN
. P6.1
500 mm
Fig. P6.6
.ni 04
Fig. P6.5
4 ft
30 in.
B BC
B
10 ft
24 in.
1010kips
kips
CC
10 kips 1010kips
kips
10 kips
1010ft ft10 ft
2424in.in.
150 lb
1010ft ft
Fig. P6.12
Fig.
Fig.P6.12
P6.12
F
150
150lblb
Fig. P6.13
Fig.
Fig.P6.13
P6.13
7.5 ft
EE
6 ft
6 6ft ft
6 6ft ft
8 kN
8 8kN
kN
2
12kN
6 6ft ft
6 6ft ft
33
287
55
7
5 ft
1.6 m
55 5ft
ftft
77
55 5ft
ftft
G
HG
EE
HH
1.6
1.6mm
4 ft
4 ft
8 ft
simple
are
are
trusses.
simple
simple
trusses.
trusses.
5/136 are
Draw
the
shear
and
moment diagrams
for thel
l
l
)(
Problem
5/135the maximum
loaded
beam
and
determine
value
4
2 as
4 6.14,
6.20 Determine
6.20
6.20Determine
Determine
whether whether
the
whether
trusses
the
the
given
trusses
trusses
as given
Probs.
given
as
6.12,
Probs.
Probs.
6.14,
6.12,
6.12,
6.22,
6.14,6.22,
6.22,
A trusses.
of the
moment.
Mmax6.24
B
and
and
are
and
6.24
simple
6.24are
are
trusses.
simple
simple
trusses.
5/136 Draw the shear andkN
moment diagrams for the
q =determine
3
loaded beam and300
the maximum value
lb/ft
m
Mmax of the moment.
P
300 lb/ft
Distributed Forces
24m
48 kN
Problem 5/132
B
2 4
m
2m
4
Representative
Problems
B
3 ft
35 kN
2.4 m
2 kN
8 ft
48 kN
A
2.4 m
1800 lb 1800 lb
Fig. P6.1
Fig. P6.1
2.4 m
2 kN
2 kN
Chapter 5
G
FF
5 65ftftft
Fig. P6.18
Fig.
Fig.P6.18
P6.18
Problem 5/135
x
2P
6.19 Determine
6.19
6.19Determine
Determine
whether 5whether
the
whether
trusses
the
the
given
trusses
trusses
as Probs.
given
givenas
6.17,
asProbs.
Probs.
6.21,
6.17,
6.17,
and6.21,
6.23
6.21,and
and6.23
6.23
lm
2.4 m
Fig. P6.4
Fig. P6.4
2 kN
ment diagrams for the

maximum magnitude M
AA
bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd
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10/16/09
11:50:46
11:50:46
AM user-s173
AM user-s173
Fig. P6.17
Fig.
Fig.P6.17
P6.17
ment diagrams for the

maximum magnitude M
5/132 Draw the shear4 and

for
the beam
kN moment
4 4kN
kNdiagrams
4 kN
4 4kN
kN
subjected toa the two
point
loads.
Determine
aaa
aaa
aaa
a a the
Fl
FF
B
maximum bending
moment Mmax and its location.
32
44
Problems
2424
kip
k
40
1.6 m
1.6
1.6mm
kN
DqD= 10
E
EE A
w m
288
GG
F FArticle 5/7
24 2
DD
HH
Fig. P6.14
Fig.
Fig
Problems
287
5/135 Draw the shear and Article
moment5/7
diagrams
for the uniFig. P6.15
Fig.
Fig.P6.15
P6.15
Fig.bendP6.16
Fig.
Fig.P6.16
P6.16
formly
loaded beam and nd the maximum
)(
ing
moment
.
M
3m
3 3mm 3 mmax
3 3mm
C30 30 CC 3030
5/135 Draw the shear and moment diagrams for30
the uni- 30
B
B BC
CC
A
Aformly
A
loaded
beam
and
nd
the
maximum
bend. w B
DD
B B D -5
ing moment Mmax.
t diagrams for the beam

t loads. Determine the
Mmax and its location.
nt diagrams for the beam
nt 2P
loads. Determine the
t Mmax and its location.
132
2
11
CC
D
7.5
7.5ft ft
2P 4
CB
B
AA
B
EE
24 kips
10 kips 10kN
1010kips
kips
A
FF
3 ft
3m
3m
A
A
6.1 through
6.1 through
6.18
6.18
Using the
Using
me
in eachin
member
each member
of the truss
of the
sh
is in tension
is in tension
or compression.
or compres
1.25
B m
84 kN
L
Problem 5/133
)(2
A
A
7.5 in.
Fig. P6.3
Fig
Fig
5k
1.
600 lb
5 kN
600 lb
A
M1 the shear and moment diagrams for the

5/134 Construct
x
Problem 5/142
5/139 The shear force in pounds in a certain
beam
is
beam
loaded
by the 2-kN force and the 1.6-kN m
8
8
3
given
State the value of the bending moment at
91 by V 2200x 40x where x is the distance couple.5/143
Determine the maximum bending mom
0.5 m
in feet measured along the beam. xProblem
Determine
the point B.
5/137
the corresponding value of x in the cran
corresponding variation with x of the normal
load8
8
indicate the section where this moment
1.6 m
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
1.25 m
4m
84 kN
200 lb/ft
A
Problem)(
5/138
M1
8m
m
8
4m
Fig. P6.2
Fig. P6.2
40 in.
32 in.
30 in.
20 kN
40 in.
32 in.
0.7 m
35 kN
C
30 in.
20 kN
Fig. P6.5
Fig. P6.5
5 kN
2 kN
0.7 m
5 kN
5/138 Determine the shear and moment diagrams

for
the Draw 5/142
Draw
themoment
shear anddiagrams
moment diagrams
Problem
5/136
5/133
the shear
and
for the f
)(
loaded cantilever beam. Specify
V and loaded 4
loaded
as
shown.
Specify
the
maximu
4 the shear 4
beam and nd the maximum magnitude
M
moment M at the
middle
section
the beam.
.
5/137
Draw
the of
shear
and moment
diagrams
for
maxthe
of the
bendingM
moment.
NProblem
5/136 the end couple
33
kN M1 is
loadedqcantilever
beam where
= 600
q = 50
l
600
N/m
m
adjusted so as to produce zero moment
the
P/latN/m
m xed PP=15 kN
5/137 end
Draw
the beam.
shear Find
and the
moment
diagrams
oment diagrams for the
of the
bending
momentfor
M the
at
133
M1 is
orce and the 1.6-kN m
xloaded
4 ft.cantilever beam where the endwcouple
0
adjusted so as to produce zero moment at the xed
the bending moment at
A
B
moment diagrams for the
end of the 200
beam.
lb/ftFind the bending moment M at
A
A
force and the 1.6-kN m
x 4 ft.44 m
1/5m
1/5m
1/5m
l
l
l
the bending moment
at
2 kN
l
Distributed Forces
: -6
PROBLEMS
5/128 Draw the shear
) loaded beam and
Introductory Problems
right of A where
5/125 Determine the shear-force and bending-moment

distributions
in the
beam
by the
concenproduced

trated load. What are the values of the shear and

moment when
x l/2? Forces
286 Chapter
5 Distributed
Nk 2
Nk 2
Nk 5
Nk 53
Nk 5
.ni 03
Pro
C
E
Nk 02
12
Nk 02
5.6P .g5
iF
.6P .giF
800 lb
.1
Pro
F
m 6.1
800 lb
C
Nk 5
92
k5
42shear
5/131
5/131Draw
Drawthe
the
shearand
andmoment
momentdiagrams
diagramsfor
forthe
the
Pro

3 an
beam shown
section C.
A
bl 006
A
g3
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 5.7
Problem
Problem5/130
5/130
bl 006
MM
0 0
BB
Nk 2
Nk 2
m 4.2
m 4.2
m 4.2
D
D
.ni 04
l
l
33
l/2

l shown and
beam
3
section C.
Problem 5/127
AA
.ni 04
m4
Nk 48
Nk 48
m5
B2.1
m3
l
l
12
33
m3
l
l
33
egm
niseU
ht g8
n1
is.U
6 h8
g1
u.o
6rh
htgu
1o
.6
rht 1.6
hs
ehstsufr
ot reeh
btm
fo
em
reh
bc
m
aem
nihcae ni
ser.p
nm
oio
ss
cero
pm
noicsn
ro
et nnoiissn
i et ni si
5/127 Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the div5/130
5/130Draw
Draw
the
theshear
shear
andmoment
momentdiagrams
diagramsfor
forthe
the
B and
ingAboard, which
supports the 175-lb man poised to
loaded
loadedbeam.
beam.What
Whatare
arethe
thevalues
valuesofofthe
theshear
shearand
and
dive. Specify the bending moment with the maximoment
momentatatmidbeam?
midbeam?
mum magnitude.

loaded beam. Pro
Wh
moment at midb
C
.ni 03
2.6P .g2
iF
.6P .giF
m4
m 52.1
Problem
5/126
)(
Problem
Problem5/129
5/129
42
Nk 84
m 7.0
l/2l/2
tf 3
l/2l/2
PP
N
Ak 84
tf 8
tf 8
tf 3
CC
tntdiagrams
diagramsfor
forthe
thedivdivhe
the175-lb
175-lbman
manpoised
poisedtoto
moment
oment with
withthe
themaximaxi-
l/2
Pro
Pro
beam loaded at
5/130 Draw
the ofshear
the value
the
loaded beam. Wh
moment Aat midb
2m
Problem
Problem5/128
5/128
4.6P .g4
iF
.6P .giF
.ni 23
m 7.0
bl 0081 bl 0081
tf 4
2 2mm
l
5/126 Draw the shear and moment

) (diagrams for the loaded
Problem
5/126
cantilever beam.
State the
value of the bending mo5/129
5/129Draw
Drawthe
theshear
shearand
andmoment
momentdiagrams
diagramsfor
forthe
the
ment at midbeam.
beamloaded
loaded
atatits
itscenter
center
bybythe
thecouple
couple
C.C.
State
State
5/127beam
Draw
the
shear
and
moment
diagrams
for
the
divthe
thevalue
valueofof
the
theshear
shear
force
forceatatmidbeam.
midbeam. poised
ing
board,
which
supports
P N the 175-lb man6000
P N to
6000
dive. Specify the bending moment with the maxil
lB
A A
B
mum magnitude.
1/5 m
1/5
m
2
2m
2kN
kN
22
BB
Problem
2 m5/125
2m
4 kN
beam loaded at
the value of the s
.ni 23
tf 4
1.6P .g1
iF
.6P .giF
2 2mP
m
A 2 2mm
diagrams
t diagramsfor
forthe
theloaded
loaded
alue
valueofofthe
thebending
bendingmomo-
l
l
22
AA
BB
525

loaded beam an
right of A where
Pro
lm
1
A
B
5/125 Determine
the shear-force and bending-moment
distributions produced in the beam by the concen5/128
5/128Draw
Draw
the
shear
shear
and
and
moment
diagrams
diagrams
for
forthe
the
tratedthe
load.
What
aremoment
the
values
of the shear
and
)(
Problem
5/125
loaded
loaded
beam
beam
and
and
determine
determine
the
the
distance
distance
d
d
to
to
the
the
moment when x l/2?
right
rightofofAAwhere
wherethe
themoment
momentisiszero.
zero.
5/126 Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the loaded
P
cantilever beam.
State the value of the bending mo4 kN
4 4kN
2l
l
ment at midbeam.
3
3
SM
SE
M
LB
EO
LBR
O
PRP
371s-re
3s
7u
1sM
-A
re6
s4
u:0
M5
A:1
61
4:09
50
:/
16
11/0
91
0/68
13
/2
01ega
8P
32dd
en
gi
a.
P57
d2
dn6
i2
.2
5_
76
20
-h
6c
2_
26
_5
61
00
h8
ce
_e
6b
5108eeb
l
l
33
2m
A
x
Introductory Problems
eand
andbending-moment
bending-moment
the
e beam
beambybythe
theconcenconcenalues
valuesofofthe
theshear
shearand
and
50PkN
2lm
2
4 kN
giF
PROBLEMS
rces
orces
626
Chapter 5
Nk 53
m 4.2
286
12

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4 ft

l counterpart of the plane

the truss of Fig. 6.6b, which is made of three members conne

Consider Bthe truss ofC Fig.

joints D, E, F, and G. On the other hand, rigid trusses are not al

Typical Bridge Trusses

force at each end of Stringer

( 1518 - 1580( )Paladio) .

conditions were changed. Besides, even in the case considered, these

Statically determinate beams

Beams supported so that their external support reactions can be cal.

Statically indeterminate beams

q = 20kN absothe determination

12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams

hrough the point

12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment

situation described in Fig. 12.6,

12.2 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagra

.6 Draw the shearroand

.8 Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for

spik 51 15 kips15 kips

Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for

types of engineering structures. It

bers of the truss are also assumed

11:50:53 AMD user-s173

bee80156_ch06_226-275.indd Page 239

ment diagrams for the

ment diagrams for the

5/132 Draw the shear4 and

t diagrams for the beam

M1 the shear and moment diagrams for the

5/138 Determine the shear and moment diagrams

5/128 Draw the shear

) loaded beam and

5/125 Determine the shear-force and bending-moment

trated load. What are the values of the shear and

5/131 Draw the shear

5/131 Draw the shear

5/130 Draw the shear

5/126 Draw the shear and moment

5/128 Draw the shear

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