Tourism and Urban Regeneration-Case Study City Burhanpur

Department of Architecture
School of Planning and Architecture

New Delhi
TOURISM AND URBAN REGENERATION:

Revitalizing Heritage Based Tourism in Burhanpur
Guide- Mr. Ryan Christopher Sequeira

Coordinator- Prof. (Dr.) Leon A. Morenas
Presented by:
Nayan Jain
A/2436/2012
B.Arch 4th Year Section- B

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Department of Architecture
ACADEMIC DISSERTATION
23rd November 2015
Abstract
This research paper themed as Rejuvenation of the Historic City of Burhanpur
through Sustainable Revitalization of Heritage based Tourism, checks for the validity
of developing tourism for the regeneration of the city and provides preliminary
concepts to be taken care of for the development of sustainable tourism in the

multifunctional city like Burhanpur.
Burhanpur, a heritage city in Madhya Pradesh is under the crisis of negative
migration due to lack of economic opportunities and needs regeneration. Due to its
glorious past and presence of historical marvels heritage based tourism is
considered as potential economic driver. Tourism can prove to be a regenerating
factor provided if the sustainability is involved in the process of revitalization which

explores the challenges of achieving the economic benefits from sustainable
community tourism while mitigating the negative social, cultural and environmental
impacts of tourism as it did in the case study of Genoa, an Italian city which was
under same crisis as of Burhanpur in 1970s.
This paper explores the process to achieve sustainability in development of
tourism through suggesting the need for pragmatic, integrated, comprehensive and
strategic planning to restore, preserve and conserve the physical, social and cultural
environment, through developing a model of spatial changes in tourist-historic city
and through involvement of community in the process of tourism development in
order for Burhanpur to regain its original identify and present a new image in the
market of sustainable tourism.
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Abstract
Declaration
The research work embodied in this dissertation titled Tourism and Urban
Regeneration: Revitalizing Heritage Based Tourism in Burhanpur has been
carried out by the undersigned as a part of the undergraduate Dissertation program

in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi,
under the supervision of Mr. Ryan Christopher Sequeira.
The undersigned herby declares that this is his original work and has not been
plagiarized in part or full from any source.
(Signature)
Nayan Jain
A/2436/2012
23rd November 2015
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Declaration
ii
Acknowledgement
I take the opportunity to thank all of those, without whose support, views and
assistance, it would not have been possible to successfully shape and complete my
dissertation.
I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my dissertation
guide Mr. Ryan Christopher Sequeira, for his guidance, supervision and
encouragement throughout the duration of project.
I would like to thank Prof. (Dr.) Leon A. Morenas, my dissertation coordinator for
his coordination and support till the end of my dissertation.
I would furthermore like to appreciate assistance of Mr. Sudhir Parekh (Town
Planner and researcher of Burhanpur), Mr. Rakesh Sindhe (Conservation Assistant,

Archeological Survey Of India (ASI) Sub-circle Burhanpur), Mr. Mahesh K.
Samadhia (Manager of Hotel Tapti retreat and member of State Archeological
Department and Tourism Development Department of Burhanpur) to help me in

carrying out and collecting data for this research paper.
Special thanks must go to Mr. Nand Kishore Dewda, Mr. Hoshang Hawaldar
and Mr. Surendra Jain, (Historian and social activists of the city Burhanpur) to
devote their valuable time and helping me in collecting data for completion of this
dissertation.
And, I also like to thanks my family, friends and community for constant support,
encouragement and listening to me in my hour of needs.
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Acknowledgement
iii
Table of Contents
Abstract ...........................................................................................................
Declaration ..................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgement ......................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents .......................................................................................... iv
List of Tables ................................................................................................ vii

List of Figures ...............................................................................................viii
Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Research Question .................................................................................... 3
1.2 Aim ........................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Objectives: ................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Scope: ....................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Limitations: ............................................................................................... 4
1.5 Methodology: ............................................................................................ 4

Chapter 2. Burhanpur District Profile .................................................................. 6
2.1 Burhanpur introduction ............................................................................. 6
2.2 Location of the City ................................................................................... 6

2.3 Linkages and connectivity ......................................................................... 7
2.4 Physiography of Burhanpur ....................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Climate of Burhanpur .......................................................................... 7
2.4.2 Topography and Natural Settings ........................................................ 8
2.5 Demographic Profile of the District ........................................................... 9
2.5.1 Population growth trends .................................................................... 9

2.5.2 Demography ..................................................................................... 10
2.5.3 Trends in Urbanization...................................................................... 10

Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Table of Contents
iv
2.6 Socio Economic profile of the City ........................................................... 12

2.6.1 Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) .................................................... 12
2.6.2 Present Economic Drivers in the City ................................................. 15
2.7 Need for Rejuvenation of City .................................................................. 19
2.8 Potential Economic Drivers of the City ..................................................... 20
2.8.1 Development of Agro Based Industries and small scale industries: .... 20
2.8.2 Development of Burhanpur as a Textile Hub ..................................... 22
2.8.3 Development of Burhanpur as a Tourism center ................................ 23

Chapter 3. Heritage and Conservation .............................................................. 25
3.1 History of the city.................................................................................... 25
3.2 Historical Monuments in Burhanpur ........................................................ 26
3.3 Spatial Planning and design of the city .................................................... 28
3.3.1 The City Morphology: ........................................................................ 29

3.3.2 Building Practices in the city.............................................................. 30
3.4 Present status of Heritage conservation in the city .................................. 30
3.4.1 Agencies involved in Heritage conservation ....................................... 30

3.4.2 Issues and Challenges in Conservation .............................................. 31
3.5 Need for Regeneration of Heritage Complexes ........................................ 33
Chapter 4. Tourism and Urban Regeneration .................................................... 34

4.1 Tourism as Potential for Regeneration ..................................................... 34
4.1.1 Urban Regeneration .......................................................................... 34
4.1.2 Urban Tourism .................................................................................. 35
4.2 Impacts of Tourism on the city ................................................................ 36
4.2.1 The Economic Impacts of Tourism .................................................... 36
4.2.2 The Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism ...................................... 37

4.2.3 The Environmental Impacts of Tourism ............................................. 38
4.3 Need for Sustainability ............................................................................ 39

4.4 Case study .............................................................................................. 40

4.4.1 Criteria for selection of the case study: ............................................. 40
4.4.2 Case Study- Genoa .............................................................................. 40
4.4.1 The Operating Plan for Genoa's Historic City Centre .......................... 41
4.4.2 The strategy...................................................................................... 41
4.4.3 Urban Interventions .......................................................................... 43
4.4.4 Findings From the case study: ........................................................... 44

Chapter 5. Developing Tourism in Burhanpur ................................................... 46
5.1 Urban Regeneration for Burhanpur .......................................................... 46
5.2 Developing a Strategic Plan: .................................................................... 46

5.2.1 Example of Alberta Manual: .............................................................. 49
5.3 Spatial changes in the city: ...................................................................... 50
5.3.1 Spatial changes in the city ................................................................. 50
5.3.2 Modeling the Tourist-Historic City: ................................................... 50
5.4 Involving of the Local Community ........................................................... 57

5.4.1 Information Exchange: ...................................................................... 57
5.5 A parallel process.................................................................................... 59
5.6 Inferences: .............................................................................................. 60

Chapter 6. Conclusions .................................................................................... 61
Further Research: .......................................................................................... 62
Annexure 1. Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) Burhanpur .............................. 63

Annexure 2. Present status of Heritage ............................................................ 66
Annexure 3. Strategic Planning Approaches ..................................................... 69
Annexure 4. Community awareness for tourism ............................................... 72
Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 77
vi
List of Tables
Table 1 Decadal Population Growth Trend
Source: Trends in Urbanization,2011 .................................................................. 10
Table 2 Income of Mandi over the period 2004-05 to 2009-10
Source: IDFC, 2011 https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/67266217?access_key=key-
elmd5yi8yw7khiv3plb .................................................................................................. 15
Table 3 The stages of the Strategic Planning Process

Source: Cooper,1997 ......................................................................................... 48
Table 4 WPR for Burhanpur 2001
Source: Census of India, 2001 ............................................................................ 63
Table 6 Distribution of WPR as Main and Marginal Labour 2011
Table 7 Distribution of WPR in categories of lobour 2011
Table 8 Distribution of Main Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Table 9 Distribution of Marginal Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Table 10 The five stages of the evolution of Tourism Development Planning
Source: Tosun and Jenkins,2007 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/229739891
................................................................................................................................. 69
Table 11 Contemporary Tourism Planning Approaches
Source: Tosun and Jenkins, 2007 ....................................................................... 71
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | List of Tables
vii
List of Figures
Figure 1 Location of Burhanpur

Source: Wahurwagh & Dongre, 2015 Available at: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-
1050/7/1/932............................................................................................................ 6
Figure 2 Major Road Network of Burhanpur
Source: Google Maps............................................................................................ 7

Figure 3 Yearly climatic chart for Burhanpur showing Rainfall and Temperature
Source: Climate-data.org http://en.climate-data.org/location/2819/ ........................... 7
Figure 4 Population of Municipal Corporation Burhanpur: 1901 to 2011
Source: TRENDS IN URBANISATION, 2011 http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/All-
PDF/3Trendsinurbanization21.12.2011.pdf ...................................................................... 9
Figure 5 percentage of urban population: 2001 and 2011

Source: Author, based on TRENDS IN URBANISATION, 2011 ......................... 11
Figure 6 Economic analysis of Krishi Upaj Mandi Burhanpur
Figure 7 Number of powerlooms in Burhanpur

Source: Bhaskar News Network, 16 06 2015 ...................................................... 17
Figure 8 News for the development of the power loom park in the city
Source: Bhaskar News Network, 03 05 2015 ...................................................... 22
Figure 9 Locations of Historical Monuments in Burhanpur
Figure 10 Spatial planning and design of the city
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | List of Figures
viii
Source: Author; Wahurwagh & Dongre, 2015 Available at:
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/1/932; IDFC, 2011; Base Map Burhanpur ... 28
Figure 11 Traditional houses of Burhanpur and details
Source: Author, Wahurwagh & Dongre, 2015 Available at:
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/1/93, Bhati, 2006 ....................................... 30
Figure 12 Change in city character
Source: Author .................................................................................................... 32

Figure 13 Community Tourism Planning Steps
Source: Gunn, 1994 ............................................................................................ 49
Figure 14 Model of Attraction Gunn, 1965
Source: Gunn, 1994 ............................................................................................ 51
Figure 15 Division of zones in Burhanpur
Source: Author; Base map of Burhanpur............................................................. 51
Figure 16 Evolutionary model of Tourist historic city
Source: Ashworth and Tunbridge 1990 .............................................................. 53
Figure 17 Developments in accordance to develop tourism
Source: Author; Master plan Burhanpur, 2021; Base map Burhanpur ................ 54
Figure 19 Development of Historic Tourist city of Burhanpur
Source: Author; Ashworth and Tunbridge, 1990; Basmap Burhanpur ................. 54
Figure 18 Implementation of Tourist-Historic city model on Burhanpur
Source: Author; Ashworth and Tunbridge, 1990; Basmap Burhanpur ................. 55
Figure 20 WPR for Burhanpur 2001
Source: Author; Census of India, 2011 ............................................................... 63
ix

Figure 22 Distribution of WPR as Main and Marginal Labour 2011
Figure 23 Distribution of WPR in categories of lobour 2011
Figure 24 Distribution of Main Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Figure 25 Distribution of Marginal Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Figure 26 Need of structural renovations and cleanliness in the heritage
complexes
Source: Bhaskar News Network 13 06 2015; 09 06 2015; 24 05 2015 .............. 66

Figure 27 Exploration activities happening for heritage in Burhanpur
Source: Bhaskar News Network 17 06 2015 ...................................................... 66
Figure 28 Need of security in heritage complexes
Source: Bhaskar News Network 01 07 2015 ...................................................... 67
Figure 29 Government neglecting the heritage and clashes among the agencies
in preservation
Source: Naidunia News Network 23 05 2015, ..................................................... 67

Figure 30 Need to protect, preserve and conserve heritage resources
Source: Naidunia News Network 11 03 2015 ..................................................... 68
Figure 31 Need for cleanliness around the complexes
Source: Naidunia News Network 18 01 2015 ..................................................... 68
Figure 32 Need for local community to follow the policies and rules
Source: Bhaskar News Network 21 05 2015 ....................................................... 68
Chapter 1. Introduction
India is urbanizing; Indias Urban Population had shown an increment from 26%
in 1990 to 32% in 2014 which is expected to cross 50% by 2050 (World Economic
Forum, 2015). Urbanization of India is necessary to sustain GDP growth rate of 89%, faster growth has to come from industry and services, as agriculture at its
best can show only 4-4.5% of growth, also as of 2009-2010 urban share of GDP
was 63% which is expected to grow up to 75 % by 2030-2031. Thus it becomes
obligatory to sustainably urbanize India (Ahluwalia, 2011).
Indias urban growth is largely concentrated in the Class 1 cities i.e. the cities with
population more than 1,00,000 of which major contribution is from the cities with
population 10,00,000 or more. From comparison of 2001 data and 2015 data, it
can be observed that the contribution of Class 1A and 1B city has increased form
38% to 43% whereas of Class 1C, it has decreased by 3% from 31% to 28%
(World Economic Forum, 2015). From this data it can be inferred that population
from smaller cities and towns have migrated to larger cities, but the rural
population they should have received to compensate the migration of these
people was not adequate leading to their lower share of urban population, or the
rural population rather than migrating to nearby urban center had migrated
directly to large urban centers, which all had led to various challenges in large
urban centers (like challenge of slums, housing, sanitation, traffic congestions
etc.). This shows lack of opportunities in small urban centers which makes people
migrate to larger urban centers. Hence, we can say that these small urban
centers needs to be regenerated.
Is it really the case? Are small urban centers not able to provide ample of
opportunities to attract rural population or to retain its urban population?
Lets take a case study of my home town Burhanpur which is a Class 1C city in
state of Madhya Pradesh with a population of about 2 lacs. Being a resident of
the place from last 20 years, intuitively I can say that Burhanpur is facing this
problem of migration and is under crisis in terms of physical, social, cultural
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Introduction
economic conditions but for research to study the above it needs to be studied in
detail with evidences.
Also if found the case valid and need for regeneration for the city is justified, it
becomes important to study, how this regeneration can happen? What could be
the potential drivers for the city?
Referring to the various newspaper articles I read in the newspaper of Burhanpur,

attending meetings of various politicians and government officials in the city and
Burhanpur being a Heritage city, tourism is seen as one of the major force which
could have ability to regenerate the city and thus extent of validity of this
argument needs to be checked and if this argument is found correct then it is
mine prime responsibility as an architectural student to suggest approaches to

achieve the task of
Rejuvenation of the Historic city of Burhanpur through Sustainable

Revitalization of Heritage based Tourism
1.1 Research Question

Do Burhanpur needs regeneration? If yes, can the historic city of Burhanpur
regenerated through the development of Heritage Based Tourism? If yes, how this
can be achieved sustainably?
1.2 Aim
The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the need for the regeneration of the
urban center of Burhanpur and investigate the extent of validity of revitalization of

Heritage based tourism in order to achieve urban regeneration. Further aim of
dissertation is to empower it with the suggestion of approaches to achieve the task of

regeneration sustainably.
1.3 Objectives:
The primary objectives of the dissertation are:
1. To understand the need to regenerate the urban center of Burhanpur in social,
economic and cultural terms.
2. To determine the extent of validity of tourism development in urban

regeneration.
3. To suggest approaches to develop sustainable tourism in the city if found valid

for the city.
1.4 Scope:
The scope of the dissertation will be focused on the city of Burhanpur and its
present state in terms of economy, socio-cultural environment and status of
heritage as it aims to understand the need for regeneration of the historic city of
Burhanpur and determine the extent of validity of Heritage tourism in the city of
Burhanpur.
The research aims to suggest theoretical approaches and preliminary
concepts of sustainable tourism development and their implementation in the city
of Burhanpur. The study shall also provide the applicable concepts to strategically
plan for the development of tourism in the city.
1.4 Limitations:
Although vast literature is available for development of tourism, the literature
specifically related to the condition of Burhanpur i.e. a multifunctional historical

city is rather complex and limited.
Burhanpur being a small city lacks secondary data about progress of tourism
developments also living in Delhi and studying Burhanpur makes it difficult to
collect primary data, thus data from periodicals, newspaper, conducting survey
and through interviews would be collected to understand the present scenario.
The scope of the dissertation will be limited only to the study of Tourism and
its developments to regenerate the urban center of Burhanpur hence other
sectors like the industrial sector and the agricultural sector will be studied briefly.
Financial study of Tourism developments is not a part of scope of this
dissertation.
1.5 Methodology:
The dissertation follows a methodology where the coming up topic will be based
on the analysis of the previous topic, thus to come up with next topic there was need
to completely study the previous section of the chapter. Methodology though which
this dissertation was carried out can be demonstrated as a flow of chart:
Identificaion of need for regeneration of the city and

potential drivers for the same
Understanding how Tourism development can lead
to Urban Regeneration
Developing approaches to sustainably regenerate
the city of Burhanpur through Tourism
developments
1. Identification of the topic on the basis of the need for the regeneration of city
of Burhanpur.
a. Studying and analyzing the demographic trends to estimate the
decadal growth of the town and migration patterns to study social

conditions of the city.
b. Studying and analyzing the WPR (Workforce Participation Rate) to

study present scenario of socio-economic conditions of Burhanpur
c. Studying the present economic drivers of the city
d. Studying the potential economic drivers for the city.
e. Through interviews, newspaper articles and personal interventions

analyzing the present issues and challenges in the Heritage
conservation and preservation to study physical, cultural and

environmental conditions of the city.
2. Understanding how tourism development can lead to urban regeneration

a. Studying literature about Tourism and urban regeneration
b. Understanding social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism

c. Understanding the need for sustainability
d. Selecting Case study with situation similar to that of Burhanpur, where

heritage tourism had led to the urban regeneration and studying how
the city was able to regenerate through tourism.
e. Analyzing the case study.
3. Developing and suggesting approaches to sustainably regenerate the city of
Burhanpur through Tourism developments on the basis of the analysis of case

study and theories available.
Chapter 2. Burhanpur District Profile

2.1 Burhanpur introduction
Burhanpur district was created from the southern part of District Khandwa on
August 15, 2003. The historical town of Burhanpur is situated on the northern bank of
river Tapti about 180 km south west of city of Indore in Madhya Pradesh and is
barely 20 km away from the Maharashtra border. Its history is includes battle,
conquest and change, spread with the burst of peace that allowed rich aesthetics to
flourish and made Burhanpur a hidden jewel in the annals of the medieval Indian
architecture (Mitra, 2010).
The cultural heritage of Burhanpur is characterized by natural features, religious and

architectural monuments. Burhanpur also has a remarkable history owing to the
handloom industries in the past and also an important stop for the people traveling
from Agra to Surat (Parihar, 2008) during the times of Mughals and was called as the
Gateway of Deccan.;
2.2 Location of the City

The district location ranges from latitude 21o.05 N to 21o.37 N and longitude
75o.13 to 76o.48 and altitude ranging from maximum 905.56 M to minimum of

234.26 M (Bhati, 2006) .
The Tapti River flows through the district from east to west. The district is
separated from Khandwa District on the north by the Satpura Range, which is also
the divide between the Narmada River valley and the valley of the Tapti.
Figure 1 location of Burhanpur (Wahurwagh & Dongre, 2015)
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Burhanpur District Profile
2.3 Linkages and connectivity

Burhanpur lies alongside the prominent East-West and North-South corridors.
The town is on the Mumbai-Kolkata and Mumbai-Delhi main lines of Central
Railways with the railway station Burhanpur. Burhanpur is connected to major cities
in the region and the country through the railway network but completely misses out
direct connection to Indore which is the nearest
big city in Madhya Pradesh through the railway
networks. Thus the road network between the
two becomes important. The city is well
connected by road network as the 3 state

highways
1. SH27 Indore-Edalabad Highway

connecting city to Indore.
2. SH4 connecting city to Maharashtra
Figure 2 Major Road Network of Burhanpur

based on Google Maps
(through Raver, Bhusaval, Jalgaon) also called as Bahadarpur road.
3. SH6 to Maharastra (to Amravati)
Burhanpur remains the nodal point for the large percentage of trucks freight
traveling towards Maharastra and Southern India, and hence the truck traffic in the
city is enormously high.
2.4 Physiography of Burhanpur

2.4.1 Climate of Burhanpur
The district is counted under the drier and
hotter part of the country with around annual

rainfall as 812 mm. The monsoon generally
hits the district in early June and extends up

till the early October. These days are quite
humid and have overcast weather conditions.

The average relative humidity is maximum in
the month of August at an average of 79%
and minimum in the month of April at an
average of 27%. The maximum temperature
Figure 3 yearly climatic chart for Burhanpur
showing Rainfall and Temperature (Climatedata.org)
recorded in the month of May is 47OC and minimum recorded in the month of
December is 6OC (Anon., n.d.). Thus the months of March to June face severe
temperatures while June to October faces monsoons and October to February has
the mild winter climatic conditions. Thus the city offers a hot and dry climate its
residents.
Average wind speed in the area is around 13.5 km/hr, the wind direction in the
area is west to North-West in summers, South-West to North-West in rainy seasons

and North to East in winters.
2.4.2 Topography and Natural Settings

Burhanpur is located in the valley of River Tapti within the Satpura Ranges, on the
flat ground along the western bank of the river. The river flows through the district
from North East to South West. The region is drained by large number of streams
which slopes towards the river, one of the major drains is the Pandhrol Nallah which
flows through the city from North West to South East and divides the city in two parts.
The waste water flowing in this drain also pollutes the river.
2.5 Demographic Profile of the District

2.5.1 Population growth trends
In the historic times, during the Mughal era the city was well developed in the
terms of industries and thus has seen migration towards the city increasing the
population of the city. But during the rule of British Government attention was not
given towards the development of the traditional industries like of the handlooms and
thus the traditional artisans migrated towards the cities like Surat with their families in
search of new market, hence the industries vanished and also the epidemics and the
drought in the area make other people to migrate to other towns. In 1901 the
population was around 33341, which abruptly came down by 32% in the first decade
of the 20th century (TRENDS IN URBANISATION, 2011). But when the conditions
came back to normal the population increased by 61%% in the next decade. Till
1970s there was no major changes in the population, wherein after the population
again declined as people were moving out of the city in search of better job
opportunities and new industries setting up in areas outside the city of Burhanpur
(IDFC, 2011). After this period there were improvements in the agricultural activities
in the city and industries hence resulted in the immigration of the population around
the city.
Population
Population
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
190119111921193119411951196119711981199120012011
Figure 4 Population of Municipal Corporation Burhanpur: 1901 to 2011 (TRENDS IN URBANISATION,

2011)
2.5.2 Demography
Burhanpur district has a population of 7.57 lakhs as per the Census of India,
2011. The population density is about 221 per sq. km which is marginally less than
the states average.
2.5.3 Trends in Urbanization

In the last five decades, the citys urban population has increased by 3 times; from a
population of 70,066 in the year 1951 to 2, 10,891 the year 2011. Burhanpur has
observed high decadal growth rates of 33.85 per cent & 22.57 per cent, during the
period of 1971 - 1981 and 1981 - 1991 respectively. But the city witnessed a steep
decline in growth trend during the period of 1991-2001 for which the growth rate is
only 12.1% which decreased further during 2001-2011 to 8.86%. Reasons for this
can be explained as increase in education level of citizens, awareness of family
planning, and increase in people awareness towards growing population of the
country. (2021, 2010)
Year
Population of the city

(M.Corp)
Decadal Growth
(%)
1951
70066
1961
82090
17.16
1971
105335
28.32
1981
140986
33.85
1991
172710
22.5
2001
193725
12.1
2011
210891
8.86
Table 1Decadal Population Growth Trend (TRENDS IN URBANISATION, 2011);
However, the increase on the overall population of the district during the last decade
was about 19.2% increasing from 634883 in 2001 to 756993 in 2011, but the overall
10
growth in the urban population of the town witnessed only 6.8% of growth which in
the city was only 8.6% compared to rate of increase in the rural population which was
26.92%. This has led to slip in the ranking of Burhanpur in terms of urban population
in the state from 19th position in 2001 to 27th position in 2011, also Burhanpur which
used to hold about 1.5% of states urban population in 2001 is holding only 1.3% of
urban population of the state (TRENDS IN URBANISATION, 2011).
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
391365
496724
243518
260269
2001
2011
rural
urban
Figure 5 Percentage of urban population: 2001 and 2011 based on Table 1
Through this analysis we can say that,
1. Low positive migration: Due to low growth in the urban population
compared to rural population it can be inferred that the percentage of the rural
population which used to migrate to the city during previous decades has
slowed down or the population growth in rural areas is way higher compared
to urban areas thus leading to the unbalanced growth of the rural area at
larger rates compared to the urban sprawl of the city, increasing the pressure
on the limited agricultural land to feed the larger population. The possible
reasons for this could be lack of employment in the city which was not able to
attract the rural population.
2. High negative migration: The urban population in Burhanpur has migrated to
other cities in search of new employment opportunities, higher education and

better livability, thus leading to the negative migration in the city. One of the
examples given in the skill development report of N.S.D.C. published in 2013

states that students migrate from Burhanpur to Indore as there are no
vocational training institutes in the district.
11
2.6 Socio Economic profile of the City

The major economic activities happening in the city and in nearby area are based
on agriculture and on the textile industry. The city has good road connectivity with
near major cities like Indore (M.P.), Jalgaon(M.H.) ,and rail connectivity with major
cities like Mumbai and Kolkata.
The major economic industry in the district is the Agricultural based industry as
about 65% of the population belongs to the rural part of the district. The main crops
grown in Burhanpur include Banana and Cotton. Other major employment generating
industry in the town is the power loom industry.
Burhanpur was also famous for its fine cloth manufacturing during Mughal
periods; Gold-wire drawing and other allied industries and crafts, and had a special
place on the map of the industries in that era. Cotton, silk and other clothes were
manufactured in the town and were exported to other countries owing to their good
quality and low cost (Ansari, 2001). But after the British came to Burhanpur, these
industries could not flourish due to lack of patronage and diplomatic policies of the
British Government towards Burhanpur. Artisans started small handlooms, which
later after development of technology converted to the power loom industry. In the
present the sound of the historic city is filled with the sound of the power loom as the
machines works for 24x7 manufacturing yarn and lined dhotis. In 2004-2005 there
were about 38000 power looms in the city employing about 85000 people in the city
most of these power looms are present in the historic walled city of Burhanpur.
(IDFC, 2011)
2.6.1 Workforce Participation Rate (WPR)

Some of the observations which can be framed through the understandings of the
Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) are:
(Please refer to Annexure 1 - Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) for detailed tables
and charts, data based on Census of India Data of 2001 and 2011)
1.
Gap of employment in the urban areas: There is an overall growth of
3.35% growth in the WPR from 2001 to 2011 over which there is a growth of
2.17% growth in WPR in rural areas and 3.71% growth in the urban areas.
However, Census of India 2001 shows that in rural areas of the city WPR is
12
46.17% where as in urban area it is only 30.02% i.e. a difference of 16.15%,
and the difference continues with marginal improvements in the 2011 where in
rural area it is increased to 48.34% and in rural area it is 33.73% i.e. a
difference of 14.61%. Hence, it shows that there are large gaps in
employments in the urban areas as compared to the rural areas which can be
one of the reasons for low positive migration in the urban area as discussed
above. Thus there is a requirement to replenish this gap of employment in the

urban areas. Similar inference was also brought up by IDFC in 2011 while
preparing CDP for Burhanpur by analyzing census of 2001 data.
2. Marginal workers: Out of total 328339 workers in 2011 about 83.7% are the
main workers and 17.3 % are the marginal workers. In rural areas 81% of total
workers are main workers where as in urban areas it is 90%. Thus, it can be
inferred that in rural areas about out of working population 19% of the working
population do not work for more than 6 months a year, thus new schemes or
new alternate employment sector needs to be provided to these population
both in urban and rural areas to have permanent employment or source of
income.
3. Agriculture is the major occupation in Burhanpur District: Out of total

328339 workers in the district about 68.25% of the workers are involved in
agricultural related works; 20.65% as the cultivators are employing about
47.60% of the total workers of the district. Thus a total of 29.6% of the total
population is occupied under agricultural activities. In rural areas there are a
total of 27.14% of working population are cultivators employing about 60.78%

of working population of rural areas adding up to about 98% of the total work
force employed in agricultural sector.
4. Majority of Women are non-workers: As per Census of India data for

Burhanpur about 68.5% of the women are unemployed and are in the
category of non-workers. The situation is worse in the urban area where only
16,828(13%) of the total urban population of women are employed, whereas
the situation is better in the rural areas where 99,586 (41%) of the total
women are employed, but a huge majority of them are employed in
13
agricultural sector and are been exploited there as women labour in

agricultural sector is cheaper than men labour.
2.6.1.2 Inferences
1. The gap of employment in the urban areas needs to be replenished, so that
the rural population and the unemployed urban population get the opportunity
to be employed and contribute in the overall GDP growth of the town, thus
new employment activities needs to be generated to employ this large
population.
2. Alternative employment sectors to be provided to marginal workers during the
so that they can earn all through the year, thus providing an activity which can
be continued in their off season
3. Large population involving in agricultural industry has its own disadvantages

(to be discussed later) thus new employments in secondary sector or the
tertiary sector need to be developed. Also shift from primary sector to
secondary and tertiary sector is an indicator of development and urbanization.

4. Women need to be employed in other sectors than agriculture so that they can
be empowered with equal rights and earn better living and also contribute
towards overall growth of the city and country.
14
2.6.2 Present Economic Drivers in the City

2.6.2.1 Agricultural Industry
As presented above the majority of the population in District Burhanpur is based
on the agricultural activity as the primary source of income, agriculture is the primary
occupation in the city, employing about 70% of total working population which is
about 30% of the total population of the district (CENSUS OF INDIA, 2011).
The total area under agriculture is about 104.4 thousand hectare and as the land
is fertile enough to be sown again in the same year another 14.6 thousand hectare
land is added as area that can be sown more than once yielding 119 thousand
hectare of land as gross cropped area. (Anon., 2011)
The major crop produced includes Banana and cotton as Kharif and Sugarcane
as rabi crop.
2.6.2.1.1 Economic analysis of Krishi Uapj Mandi Burhanpur:
Table 2 Income of Mandi over the period 2004-05 to 2009-10 (in Lakhs) (IDFC, 2011)
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
income
835.66
408.15
847.22
704.33
679.17
608.52
expenditure
752.49
427.89
995.18
783.6
817.31
567.52
83.17
-19.74
-147.96
-79.27
-138.14
41
surplus/deficit
1200
1000
800
600
income
200
surplus/deficit
400
0
expenditure
-200
-400
Figure 6 Economic analysis of Krishi Upaj Mandi Burhanpur (IDFC, 2011)
15
As can be seen from Figure 2.9, the Mandi income is on a decline (except
2009/10) and a major reason for this can be the declining banana trade due to
competition from States like Andhra Pradesh as well as decline in demand for cotton
due to better industrial policies in Maharashtra. According to Mandi board, loss of
investment deposited in the banks is also a reason for the deficits. (IDFC, 2011).
Thus the loss of Mandi implies the loss of the people employed in the agricultural
sector. Similar deficits were also seen for the year 2014-2015 where the annual
income was 873.87 lakhs and annual expenditure was 954.58 lakhs, summing up to
a deficit of 80.65 lakhs. (Agmarknet, 2015)
2.6.2.1.2 Inferences
The agricultural activities are dependent on various unpredictable factors like
weather, climate and rainfall; thus are subject to failures of crops. Also as the rural
population is increasing at larger rates as described above the pressure on the
agricultural land is increasing as the population to be served from the same amount
of land is increased, this leads to the farmers with small land holding land up into
debts, in worse cases farmers has to sell their land and in some severe cases they
commit suicide and news like Unable to Bear Losses, 2 More Farmers Commit
Suicide in Madhya Pradesh; Madhya Pradesh Farmers, Crippled With Debt, are
Selling Their Children (NDTV, 2015) are becoming common in newspapers.
Thus with the developments in the agricultural sector to have good quality and
quantity produce at cheaper rates and labour, there is a need to develop alternative
sector for new source of income for the people involved in the agricultural activities,
so that they can have a better living.
16
2.6.2.2 Industrial activity:

2.6.2.2.1. Power looms:
Power looms in Burhanpur is a major household industry,
where cotton clothes are produced. Initially these were
developed as handlooms at the people residences (Ansari,
2001), but later due to industrialization these were replaced by

the power looms. At present there are about 35,000
powerlooms in Burhanpur on which about 80,000 people are

earning their livelihood (Dainik Bhaskar, 2015).
Presently there are 12 jinning factories in Burhanpur, and
two major industries for cotton Yarn namely Tapti Mill and
Kamal Textiles in total producing about 12000 kg of yarn in a

day. (IDFC, 2011; Soni, 2015).
Problems with powerlooms:
Figure 7 Number of
powerlooms in Burhanpur
(Dainik Bhaskar, 2015)
1. As these powerlooms are located in the residential areas, especially in the
walled cities creates hindrance for the residential activities. Most of the middle
and upper class society are shifting away from the walled city due to air
pollution and noise pollution generated by these powerlooms (Soni, 2015;

IDFC, 2011).
2. Fibers from the looms are leading to high level of RSPM and due to lack of
ventilation; workers are vulnerable to respiratory diseases. And news like
Weavers of Burhanpur fall prey to non-curable disease COPD (Freepress

Jorunal, 2014) is common in Burhanpur and the same also leads to
Tuberculosis risk high in the city.
Inferences:
1. There is need to shift these powerlooms outside the city periphery, so that it
may not create imbalance in the city as rich one side and poor on the other,
creating worse scenarios for the heritage city.
17
2. There is need to mechanize the process of the cloth manufacturing so that it
may not have adverse effect on health of workers and residents of the city, but as
this industrialization would lead to unemployment of large population which is now

employed in that sector, there is also need to develop alternative sector of
employment for that community to earn their livelihood. Same situation is posed
due to industrialization of Tapti mil which is one of the major textile industries in
Burhanpur.
Example of Tapti Mill

Tapti mill is the largest spinning mill in Burhanpur. In past mill has undergone a
catastrophe of fire due to which it was not in use for some decades, but was
rejuvenated recently and is working and employing a huge population of Burhanpur.

The mill also underwent the modernization about 7 years ago, whereby nearly
25000 new spindles were installed in the mill, owing to this, and the mill has reduced
its workforce converting its main workers as the marginal workers. In future the mill is
going to add up more spindles which would further reduce the labour requirement of
the mill.
Thus industrialization of this mill had led to more generation of cotton yarn but at
the same time it has created a problem for its main employees who are now working
on daily wages or been encouraged to take Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS). So

there is a need of other employment sectors for this population to be catered to meet
their needs.
(Information based on IDFC, 2011; Soni, 2015 and brief interview with employees
at Tapti mills).
18
2.7 Need for Rejuvenation of City

Through understanding the Demographic and Socio-economic profile of the city, it
can be deduced that there is a need of new employment sector in the town. The
major points arguing for this are;
1. Low positive migration of people in the city from the rural areas, leading
to high pressure on agricultural industry to fee more people
2. High negative migration from the city to other major cities due to lack of
employment and lack of vocational training centers in the city.
3. Gap of employment with in the city leading to about two-third of the

population as unemployed.
4. About 17% of the working population is employed as marginal workers,

i.e. not working for more than 6 months in a year.
5. Agricultural industry is not able to feed the large population which is

employed in this sector.
6. Power loom industry is under the process of industrialization, which in

turn making more population as unemployed in future.
On the basis of these points it can be inferred that there is a need of
alternative employment sector in the city for its proper economic growth
and making the city livable.
Further inference:
Through the study of WPR (2011) for Burhanpur, it can be understood

that its not the rural areas where major population is unemployed, it is these small
urban areas where the problem of unemployment is more common as in Burhanpur
50% of rural population is employed whereas in urban areas only 33% are employed,
similar is the data for the State Madhya Pradesh where only 34.2% are employed in
urban areas whereas 47% are employed in rural areas (Sinha, 2011), which in turn
leading to pressure of migration to major urban cities of the state. Thus on the state
level also it is a need to rejuvenate these small urban areas. The needs and
potentials of each urban area is different from other, hence, although the problem is
of large level it needs to solved at regional level of small areas.
19
2.8 Potential Economic Drivers of the City

As discussed in the last chapter that the city needs rejuvenation, this chapter is
based on the search for the new economic sector or the revival of the other sectors.
1. Burhanpur is a city in which economy is majorly based on Agriculture and
allied services, so development of Agro-industries based on agricultural
produce or the food processing industries can help in the revival of the city.
2. Development of small scale industries both in rural and urban areas can help
in overall rejuvenation of the district.
3. Burhanpur is also a hub for textile production thus development of a Textile
Park to increase the production of yarn can also be an option for Burhanpur.
4. Burhanpur is also a heritage city, with potential to be listed as a world heritage

city thus developing heritage tourism is also a potential sector for Burhanpur
for economic development of a city.
(Major scope of the dissertation is limited to the dissertation is limited to the
development of Heritage Tourism in Burhanpur thus potentials and problems

related to other sectors are described briefly below)
2.8.1 Development of Agro Based Industries and small scale industries:

The major crops produced with in the district and related agro based industry which
can have potential to be developed in Burhanpur are
1. Cotton : industries based on cotton are primarily textiles and powerlooms

2. Banana: food processing industries for banana Chips, handmade paper
industry (developing paper through banana stem fibers)
3. Sugarcane: Sugar industries and further used in food processing industries.

4. Corn/maize: Corn starch and related industries
5. Groundnut: groundnut oil based industries, food processing industries.
6. Different types Pulses (Arhar dal, Tur dal, Mung etc.): Dal mills as an industry.
7. Wheat: Food processing industry
8. Chilies: Food processing industry
20
Some of the problems and constraints (Lambert, 2001) to the development of Agrobased industries are:
An unpredictable and insufficient supply of raw material
Inferior quality of raw material supply
Seasonality of crops, thus raw material not available consistently in a year.

Inappropriate or obsolete processing and ancillary equipment
Lack of capital for the installation of machinery.
Poor and inconsistent quality of processed products
Sub-optimal use of processing facilities and equipment
Poorly trained personnel and a lack of trained food technologists

An absence of appropriate hygiene and sanitation practices
Unsuitable packaging materials and high packaging cost
Weak or non-existent demand market
A lack of technical support for the agro-industrial sector
Absence of good management of the processing facility
There is no doubt that agro-based industries have potential in Burhanpur but as
there are various problems and constraints related to this industries, thus the
successes of these industries should be closely studied by experts of the field with
relevant methods and approaches adopted to search for the viability of these
industries in Burhanpur.
Potential for the small scale industries should also be studied through the similar
methods and researches to study their potential.
21
2.8.2 Development of Burhanpur as a Textile Hub

Burhanpur is a city where powerlooms and textiles is the major economic activity
after the agriculture, so giving it a place to flourish could be an option to rejuvenate
Burhanpur city. Same was the topic in the Burhanpur Textile news during 2007-2008
(BharatTextile.com, 2007), according to the researches area around Burhanpur
(Nimbola Village) was identified as potential location of the powerlooms park
allocating 54 acres of land. It was also estimated that it may lead to creation of about
20,000 new jobs by setting up 50 new power loom units. The project cost was
estimated to be an investment of around 300 crore rupees.
However as per News cited in Business Standards on June 6th, 2008
Powerlooms in Burhanpur going to seed II, the project was declined as the
government turned down the demands for the exemption of the stamp duty and fees
for registration of 54 acre of land as said to Business standards by one of the BFCS
(Burhanpur Fairdeal Cooperative Society) member (Trivedi, 2008).
Figure 8 News for the development of the power loom park in the city, (Dainik Bhaskar, 2015)
Again, in 2015 the need for Power Loom Park was raised by BFCS as in the
news of Dainik Bhaskar, 3rd may 2015, that the case has been solved on 19th
February and thus the cooperative can work forward for the development of the
power loom park in the city.
However at the same time, there is news like due to increment of power loom
units had led to the increment of excess load on the transformers and grid, leading to
the electric faults with in the city (Dainik Bhaskar, 2015). Thus to promote this kind of
the industrial development we need huge supply of water and electricity (Soni, 2015),
22
thus would need new infrastructure development first in place for the development of
power loom sector and allied sectors which will be a huge initial investment and thus
the financial feasibility of this sector need to be studied.
On the same note, according to Burhanpur Master Plan 2021, the location of
the city Burhanpur is surrounded by river Tapti on one side, railway line on other,
Utawali river on third and Maharashtra border on the fourth side, thus although today
we may have land for the development of land for these infrastructure but soon it will
run out of land holdings, for the bigger projects and townships related to these
developments. Also the land available is agricultural land which in itself is a major
economic driver of the city or the forest land, thus it will be a case of pushing down
one sector (here agriculture) to promote another (here textile sector).
Thus textile hub in Burhanpur could be a potential economic driver in the
development of Burhanpur, provided we have availability of land and government is

ready to make huge initial investment for this development.
2.8.3 Development of Burhanpur as a Tourism center
Burhanpur has many prominent historical places including many historical and
architectural significant and pilgrimage centers for the different sects of the society.
Also the city had gone through various significant events in the past which adds to its
historic significance. According to IDFC, in City Development Plan 2011 the heritage
potential of the town can be developed into three zones
1. Heritage tourism circuit for Monuments with in the city: The city has
several architectural monuments and archeological marvels intermingled with

in the fabric of the walled a city and around the city with in the range of the
district. These together needs to be well connected through tourism circuit or
through a logically descriptive heritage walk, which could create interest in the
tourists to know the history of the city.
Burhanpur along with Bhopal is proposed to be developed as World
Heritage City by UNESCO and IHCN (Indian Heritage Cities NetworkHence,

the city has the potential to be listed as a World Heritage City and Kundi
Bhandara as a World Heritage Site. (IDFC, 2011; Sindhe, 2015).
23
2. River front development: The ghats along the river Tapti from Raj Ghat to
Naghjiri Ghat which has potential to be developed for religious and heritage
tourism purposes. The stretch along the river includes Raj Ghat, Satiyara
Ghat, Nagjhiri Ghat, Peepal Ghat etc and also many of the historical
complexes are on or near the banks of river like of Shahi Qila, Raja Jai singh
ki chatri etc.
3. Eco Tourism: The area near historical complexes should be developed such
that it provides for tourism while generating awareness for nature, acts as a
check on illegal deforestation in the Satpuras and propagates environmental

and heritage conservation.
Thus the city has immense potential to be developed as a tourism destination
which is also backed by the government and is also a topic of interest of various
politicians in and around Burhanpur, wanting to develop the city as a tourist spot for
the future, who are arranging various events and public meetings to generate
awareness and propagate tourism in Burhanpur.
And hence, it becomes important to research in detail, the present status of the
heritage structures and city in terms of conservation and their regeneration, the
potential of tourism in the city, present status of tourism in Burhanpur and taking the
strategies to develop it further to sustainably rejuvenate the city and making it
sustainable and yielding positive response for a distant future.
24
Chapter 3. Heritage and Conservation

3.1 History of the city
Burhanpur is a historic city located in the East Nimar region of the State Madhya
Pradesh. Located on the Northern bank of River Tapti Burhanpur had embedded
itself with various important events of the past. The glory of the city is presented by
various historical monuments which are scattered in and around the city periphery
which brings life in the city.
On the notes of various historical literatures, the city has its existence from the
Ashokan Empire, where it attained great heights in Arts and Culture (Bhati, 2006).
The region has passed through the Mauryan Empires, Shungos, Kardmaks, Aahir,
Vamaraks, Kalchuris, Harshvardhan, and Chalukya Dynasty had ruled over the city
till 1226 AD. Till the extent of the 13th century the city was under the rule of various
Chauhans and after that it was under Alauddin Khilji till the end of the 14th century
when the reign came under the Faruqis in the name of Khandesh of the Deccan with
Burhanpur as the capital city which overlaps the region of present Maharastra and
southern part of Madhya Pradesh.
Burhanpur under the Faruqi rulers:

Burhanpur came under the rule of the Faruqis in the advent of the 15 th century,
during this period Burhanpur got its name as Burhanpur, on the name of Saint of
Daultabad Sheik Burhanuddin and hence the city was founded and settled by the
Faruqi ruler Nasir Khan Faurqi. It was the period where Burhanpur was glorified with
various architectural marvels as Shahi Qila, Jama Masjid, Bibi ki Masjid, Sarai of
Adilpura, and also the mausoleums of Nadir Shah and Adil Shah. After, the rule of
Faruqis it underwent the rule of Mughals under Akbar in 1601 AD (Bhati, 2006; Mitra,
2010; Ansari, 2001).
Burhanpur under the rule of Mughals:

Burhanpur came under the rule of Mughals during Akbar in 1601 AD and for a
century thereafter, until the death of Aurangzebs in 1707. Burhanpur remained
integral to Mughal ambitions in the Deccan. The governor of the city was invariably of
elevated rank. Thus Akbars son Daniyal, Jahangirs Sons Parvez and Khurram, who
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Heritage and Conservation
25
ascended the throne as Shah Jahan, and Shah Jahans son Aurangzeb all spent
time in Burhanpur.
It was June 1631, during which Mumtaj Mahal the beloved wife died during the
birth of 14th child in Burhanpur and her body was kept in the vicinity of Ahukhana
(Bhati, 2006; Mitra, 2010)
Burhanpur after Mughals:
After Mughals it came under rule of Marathas, which in 1803, was under British
government had rule over the region till the independence of the nation. Thereafter it
became the part of district Khandwa and was declared as a separate district in Aug
2003.
3.2 Historical Monuments in Burhanpur
Figure 9 Locations of Historical Monuments in Burhanpur (IDFC, 2011)
26
1. Historical and archeologically important monuments are Ahukhana, Kharbuja
Mahal (tomb of Bilquis Jahan), Tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan, Shahi Qila, Kundi
Bhandara, Sukha Bhandara, Raja Jai Singhs Chhatri, Tomb of Adil shah and
Nadir shah, Bibi ki Masjid, Tomb of Dilawar Khan etc.
2. Pilgrimage Centers in Burhanpur which are historically important are:

a. Islamic centers: Dargah-E-Hakimi, Jama Masjid
b. Hindu Temples: Swami Narayan Mandir, Balaji Mandir, Renuka Mandir,

Rokariya Hanuman Mandir etc
c. Jain temples: Shri Digambar Jain temple and Shri Shwetambar Jain
temple
d. Sikh: Badi Sangat Gurudwara, Gurudwara of Jainabad, Gurudwara of

Rajghat
e. Christian: Methodist Church
f. Other includes: Kabir Panthi, Udaseen Ashram

On the account of presence of such historically important centers for many
religions Burhanpur is also quoted as a Sarv Dharma Place in various

meetings and newspaper articles.
3. Presence of ghats along the river adds to the historical settings of the city.
Important Ghats are Rajghat, Satiyara Ghat, Peepal Ghat and the Nagjhiri
Ghat.
4. The fortification wall along the periphery of the city has nine important gates
and 12 windows which were used to serve the purpose of the security for the
city.
5. Various havelies and historical houses forms the streets of Burhanpur city,
giving it a particular character.
27
3.3 Spatial Planning and design of the city
Roads and location of the

monuments in the city
Streets patterns of the city

Figure
Spatial planning
and designof
of Burhanpur
the city
The10
organic
spatial planning
Main streets of the city
is a result of centuries of decisions and
is in response to the landscapes culture and natural features of the place. The dense
built environment of the walled city of Burhanpur is an important strategy to achieve
sustainability using (connectivity) ready access to services and facilities, minimizing
energy for transport. The principal streets running centrally along the main axes
culminate at the city gates. Major streets are planned in parallel to the river and
connecting them are the other major streets running perpendicular to the river.
There are secondary streets and also narrow curving lanes approaching clusters
of houses through community gates. Narrow streets opening into squares also
28
demonstrate this aspect. Basic axial and geometric organization of the city is defined
by the Badshahi Qila or citadel, the Jama Masjid and the River Tapti. The organic
layout resulting in the irregularity of the streets makes the space recognizable and
reveals the existing topography.
3.3.1 The City Morphology:
The rich morphology of residential clusters or traditional neighborhoods, such as
the mohallas (example Naya Mohalla), waras ( example Itwara) , peths (example
Mahajanapeth) and puras (example Sindhipura), developed over time, an extended

joint family system, cultural aspirations and pedestrian linkages, promoting the
psychological and physical security needs (Wahurwagh & Dongre, 2015). The mixed
land use of residential, commercial and (religious) open spaces, which was the grain
of development of these settlements, reduces home-work journey times and
enhances the sense of security by increasing the number and activity of people on
the street and in public places making the city as an interactive city.
Although outwardly cramped and crowded, it has, in fact, an organized
indigenous framework of semi-private and private spaces (communal qualities and
settlements that distinguish one society from another), part of an organization that is
more meaningful in both socio-economic and cultural terms. This fact of closeness in
streets also leads to mutual shading of the houses which is necessary in the
composite climate of Burhanpur.
29
3.3.2 Building Practices in the city

The house forms in Burhanpur exhibits a typical morphological character
involving the understanding of the context through the development of the building
skills, technical methods and construction that is harmonious with the natural
environment. It includes the courtyard houses as its vernacular which is in
accordance to the passive heating and cooling systems and the microclimatic
conditions to minimize the requirement of cooling of the building. The built
environment is the result of the socio-cultural, physical and technological factors
manifested in design attitude during various phases of its history. (Wahurwagh &
Dongre, 2015)The traditional houses in Burhanpur also exhibit the detailed work of
wooden engravings which were developed during the reign of Peshwas (Dewda,
2015).
Figure 11 Traditional houses of Burhanpur and details (Wahurwagh & Dongre, 2015; Bhati, 2006) and
author.
3.4 Present status of Heritage conservation in the city

3.4.1 Agencies involved in Heritage conservation
There are various agencies involved in heritage conservation and regeneration in
Burhanpur. And few conservation and exploration works are undergoing in the city of
Burhanpur in terms of Heritage. Similar exploration is carried near the tomb of Shah
Nawaz Khan (see annexure 2 Figure 23). Some of the agencies involved in the
related activities are:
30
a. Archeological Survey of India (ASI): This department is headed by

Mr. Rakesh Sindhe with its working office in the heritage complex of
Shahi Qila. This department has control over about 15 heritage
complexes in and around Burhanpur which includes Shahi Qila,
Asirgarh Fort etc. According to Sindhe Sir Construction in 300m radius
of heritage complex is prohibited but the agency cannot have any direct
intervention with construction of Roads and Amenities outside the
heritage complex (Sindhe, 2015).
b. State Archeological Department: This department takes care of the

heritage structures which are not under charge of the ASI which
includes the Fortification wall, Kundi Bhandara etc. and thus any
constructions and exploration taking place in and around these
complexes comes under the policy of this department. The head office
of this department is in Bhopal (Samadhia, 2015).
c. Religious Trusts: Most of the living religious heritage structures are

under the charge of trusts which takes any further interventions
according to their policies. This includes heritage structures like
Daragh-E-Hakimi, Jama Masjid, Swami Narayan Mandir, Kabir Panth

etc.
d. INTACH and IHCN: INTACH and IHCN are other organizations which
have their interventions over the heritage city Burhanpur.
e. Burhanpur Municipal Corporation: This department is responsible for

the provision of cleanliness in and around the heritage complex and
providing basic amenities.
3.4.2 Issues and Challenges in Conservation

Based on the interview of Mr. Sindhe, Mr. Samadhia, news articles published in
Dainik Bhaskar and Naidunia, and personal interventions of author following are the
primary issues related to Heritage and their conservation in the city of Burhanpur.
(Please refer to the Annexure 2- Present status of Heritage in the City).
31
1. Lack of Funds and Resources : As brought in knowledge by Sindhe, (ASI
head Burhanpur), there is lack of funds and resources to conserve the state of
monuments also there are various administrative processes involved, so at
the time the funds are being released the problem had already led to the
consequences (Sindhe, 2015; Samadhia, 2015)
2. Detrimental state of structure: The monuments in Burhanpur are facing

structural problems and in immediate need of renovations and structural
support. (see Figure 25 Annexure 2)
3. Lack of coordination among various agencies involved: As there are
various agencies involved in the process of conservation in Burhanpur there
needs to be coordination among these agenesis which is lacking as of now.(

see figure 27 Annexure 2)
4. Lack of Security and safety: the heritage complexes in Burhanpur are, kind
of dead spaces in the city which receives very less population even during day
time, it gives chance for negative social activities to flourish in these
complexes (see figure 26 annexure-2)
5. Change in city character: Local community in the historic city of Burhanpur

are demolishing the heritage havelies
and building new concrete boxes,
which in turn changing the character

of the city completely, similar can be
seen in the image beside, also the
traffic jams are common in historic
city.
Figure 12 change in city character
32
6. Cleanliness near and around Heritage Structure : Cleanliness is one of the

major challenges in the historic complexes of Burhanpur, the shrubs and
bushes growing over the heritage structures can be commonly observed also
the modern garbage is creating problems in the heritage places (see figure 25
and 28 in annexure 2)
7. Lack of community and government concerns for the heritage
conservation: Mr. Hawaldar, an historian and social activist of Burhanpur
brings this issue as a point of misunderstandings among the local community

and government, he says
We all talk about lack of accessibility to heritage complexes but
government says to construct roads where no one goes is not a good

deal and local community says we do not go there as it lacks
accessible roads, they both just try to throw ball in each others court
and this results in loss of heritage importance (Hawaldar, 2015)
Similarly more tangible neglect of heritage can be observed in figure 29 and

30 of annexure 2, where it shows that people just dont care about heritage.
3.5 Need for Regeneration of Heritage Complexes

All these issues and challenges are leading to the conclusion in need to
regenerate the heritage complexes of the city so that they can sustain and the city
doesnt lose its identity and image of being a heritage city, which could be a
consequence of these activities. One of the solutions to this is could be to make
heritage important to the local community and government, in a way heritage should
influence and affect their life. Heritage Tourism which has a potential in Burhanpur
has possibility to help in this as it directly connects heritage to the daily life of the
people and thus need to be studied in detail that how tourism can lead to the urban
regeneration?
33
Chapter 4. Tourism and Urban Regeneration

4.1 Tourism as Potential for Regeneration
Regeneration here is concerned with improvement in the economic, social and
environmental strength of the city. It describes a wide range of activities, revitalizing

run down areas, renovating buildings, infrastructure and the built environment, and
redeveloping buildings that are on the verge of destruction. (Galdini, 2005). Tourism
today is one of the significant social and economic factors in the world, due to its
enormous international economic and geopolitical importance (Galdini, 2007). It has

ability to construct, rearrange and inhibit the geographic, social and cultural spaces,
which makes it a terrific force for change (Galdini, 2007). Thus tourism has potential
to regenerate the urban centers, through developing them as an urban tourist center,
where there is a potential to develop tourism.
Accordingly in case of Burhanpur, as discussed in previous section its
potential to be developed as a tourist center, revitalizing the urban heritage tourism

can nurture the growth of the city and thus leading to the rejuvenation of the town
and restore the decaying heritage and culture of the city.
4.1.1 Urban Regeneration
According to Chris Couch, Urban Regeneration moves beyond the aims,
aspirations, and achievements of urban renewal, which is seen as a process of
essentially physical change, urban development (or redevelopment), with its general
mission and less well-defined purpose, and urban revitalization (or rehabilitation)
which whilst suggests the need for action, fails to specify a precise method of
approach (Mehdipour & Nia, 2013)
According to Lichfield(1992) cited in Roberts(2000), Urban regeneration can be
defined as a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which results in the
resolution of the urban problems and which seeks to bring a lasting improvement in
the economical, physical, social and environmental conditions of that area. (Roberts,
2000)
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Tourism and Urban Regeneration
34
The main objectives of urban regeneration aa explained by Peter Roberts are

1. Establishing a strong relationship between physical condition of urban space
and the social problems,
2. Highlighting the importance of economic success as a linkage between social

growth and urban progress
3. Making the best possible use of urban resources like land , culture and build
environment to ensure the optimum benefits of the society
4. Enable urban policy to be shaped through the collaborative planning process

pursued by a multi-agency approach.
5. Fulfill the needs of various elements of urban fabric. (Roberts, 2000;

Mehdipour & Nia, 2013)
Accordingly, through the analysis of these objectives it can be inferred that the
concept of urban regeneration circles around the resolution of urban problems
(economic, social and environmental), through the use of available resources in the
urban area with the help of holistic and strategic approaches and policies which can
fulfill the needs and benefit the society for long period of time.
4.1.2 Urban Tourism
According to Law (2002) cited in Craggs(2008) the term urban tourism simply
denotes tourism in the urban areas (Craggs, 2008). However, urban tourism
remains a diverse phenomenon as the urban areas are heterogeneous in nature as
each differs in the size, location, demographics, function and potential of each urban
center in the tourism industry. Another reason adding to the complexity of urban
tourism is that the urban areas are multifunctional as they offer functions and
facilities which are consumed by a large range of the users comprising of the tourist
and the residents of the place (Ashworth & Tunbridge, 1990). Thus managing
tourism in such a diverse set of population becomes a difficult task.
Nevertheless, it is argued that tourism can contribute substantial economic
benefit to the cities but the cities whose economies are most dependent on tourism
are likely to benefit the least and the cities whose economies are least dependent on
tourism benefits the most from tourism (Ashworth & Page, 2010). According to this
35
argument, the multifunctional cities, where tourism is not only source of income
would benefit the most form developing tourism. Through the study of impacts of
tourism in a city it can further be analyzed.
4.2 Impacts of Tourism on the city

Tourism influences both the human and natural environment of the destination
urban center and thus has its impact on both of the segments. The impacts of
tourism can be positive or negative and the perception depends on the observer or
the person influence due to that impact of tourism. For example large number of
tourist arrivals is beneficial for the person directly involved in the tourist activities as it
is the source of income for him/her, but at the same time it may have negative impact
on the person resident of the place (not involved in tourist activity) as the tourists also
use the resources available to him/her and would cause overcrowding in the city and
other negative impacts in his/her frame of reference. Hence, it becomes important to
study both the positive and negative impacts on the host destination with different
frame of references.
Impacts of tourism can be classified as (Mason, 2008):

1. The economic impacts
2. The socio-cultural impacts
3. The environmental impacts

4.2.1 The Economic Impacts of Tourism
Positive Impacts on the Economy
1. Creating Jobs: Tourism is one of the most labour intensive industries as it
depends on large number of people with various skill levels and abilities from
waiters to hotel managers. There are two main types of employment
generated by tourism:
a. Direct employment: employment generated in business that directly

provides services to tourists like hotels, advertisements etc.
b. Indirect Employment: It refers to jobs which serves both to local
community and tourists like a taxi driver or manufacture goods which is

brought up by organizations serving tourists
36
2. Providing Taxes as revenue: Tourist and allied sectors are likely to pay
taxes like the salary tax, profit tax, service taxes all this add up to the taxes
the government receives.
3. Foreign Exchange Earnings: the export and import of the related goods and
services leads to the generation of the economy
4. Contribution to Local Economy: Tourism can contribute a significant part in
the local economy, as it is the local community which is involved in the tourism
generated economic activities directly or indirectly.
Negative Impacts on Economy:

1. Inflation: Tourism industry will have huge pressure on the limited resources of
the host community such as food, land, transport etc. thus increasing their
rates leading to inflation.
2. Over-dependency on tourism: As tourism is an industry dependent on

demand and supply there are risk factors involved in tourism, thus over
dependency of community on tourism may become a negative impact at time

of low tourist inflows.
3. Leakages: Leakage is anything that causes the profit from tourism to drain out
of the economic system thus leading to loss of the host community.
4.2.2 The Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism

Positive Impacts on the Social and Culture
1. Enhancing cultural and heritage conservation: It can boost the
preservation of the cultural and historical traditions and contribute in the
conservation of tourism. Tourist appreciation of the local art and architecture

can create a desire among the local community to preserve and renew their
cultural pride.
2. Improves way of life: It promotes social development through providing
employment and income redistribution and poverty alleviation. It can result in

upgraded infrastructure, health and transport facilities,
3. Encourage Cultural Exchange: through tourism people come in contact with
one another and thus it can foster the understanding between people and their
culture providing cultural exchange between host and guest.
37
Negative Impacts on the Social and Culture

1. Commodification of culture: It may result in commodification of rituals,
traditions and may result in Reconstructed Ethnicity (UNEP.org, 2015).
Sacred and historical sites may not be respected when they are treated as
goods to trade.
2. Loss of authenticity: Adapting cultural expressions and manifestations to the

perceptions of tourists or even performing shows as if they were "real life"
constitutes "staged authenticity". (UNEP.org, 2015)
3. Cultural Clashes: it may result in Economic Inequality, irritation among the

local community due to tourist behavior
4. Ethical Issues: It may also result in crime generation like increase

prostitution, child labour as they are comparatively cheap.
The negative consequences of tourism have been noted, particularly where there
is a major cultural difference between the tourist and the local community and may
also lead to demonstration effect i.e. adaptation of tourist behavior by local
community. (Mason, 2008)
4.2.3 The Environmental Impacts of Tourism

Positive Impacts on the Environment
1. Preservation and conservation: As tourism can provide financial
contributions directly or indirectly, this can foster the preservation of the

environment, ancient monuments and archeological sites.
2. Increasing Environmental Awareness: As it leads to the awareness of the
importance of the nature and environment among the local community, it can
foster the restoration of places to keep the attraction alive.
Negative Impacts on the Environment

1. Environmental Pollution: It can possibly lead to the depletion of the natural
resources and also create problems of water pollution, air pollution, soil
pollution and noise pollution, thus leading to the degraded value of the
environment.
38
4.3 Need for Sustainability

Much of the research work since the late 1970s suggests that negative
impacts of Tourism outweigh the positive impacts, however large number of
residents of the destination would want tourists to come as it results in jobs creation,
high income, increase in the tax revenue and better opportunity for the children
(Mason, 2008). Thus there is need for the issue of sustainability in each and every
aspect of Tourism, so that it can flourish for long terms without compromising with
the needs of the future generation and yield the positive results for the present
generation. Hence, it becomes important to assess the impacts of tourism on the

cultural heritage, the community it affects and on the traditional activities and
necessary steps needs to be taken to make it more sustainable in nature (Galdini,

2007).
As argued by Mason in tourism impacts, planning and management that in
case where the economic gain is noted in the embryonic period of tourism
development, it will be a case several years later that the socio-cultural effects are
becoming more apparent and environmental consequences are also noticed. By this
stage in the development of tourism, the initial positive economic impacts of tourism
may be replaced or diminished by the growing social unease between the residents
and tourists as well as the mounting concerns about the tourisms environmental
impact (Mason, 2008).
There is a need to explore strategic directions in the cultural heritage tourism,
if the cultural resources are to be protected and responsible sustainable tourism
activity to occur (Jamieson, 1998). Also according to Williams (1998) cited in Mason
(2008), there is a need for a holistic approach considering all the impacts, and
making aware about the potential of tourism to influence environment (built, social
and ,economical). Consequently there is a need of sustainable, strategic and holistic

approach for tourism development. Similar approaches are presented by the city of
Genoa which is taken as case study in this research paper.
39
4.4 Case study

4.4.1 Criteria for selection of the case study:
1. The city selected should be a heritage city and have exhibited similar
conditions as of the city Burhanpur i.e. it should have underwent the socioeconomic crisis similar to that of Burhanpur.
2. The city selected should have been regenerated through development of

Heritage Based Tourism.
3. It should be a multifunctional city.
4. Detailed information should be available i.e. information about strategy to
regenerate the city, changes brought in planning and architecture to achieve

the same and details of other factors which had led to the development of
tourism in the city.
5. Sustainability should be a prime concern for the development of the same.

4.4.2 Case Study- Genoa
The case of Genoa in Italy is a historic European city that exhibits tourism as a
considered opportunity for the regeneration of the city. Genoa after a deep crisis, has
regained a new identity and revitalizing its economy through developing tourism by
adopting coherent policies (Galdini, 2007). The city is located in the North-Italian
region of Linguria with Genoa as capital, built on a narrow strip of land between sea
and mountain. The city location between the sea and the mountains limits the
expansion in the growth phase of city development. The city was divided in three
parts the western part was the industries, the eastern part was residential and central
part was the old heritage city.
The city has undergone a continuous loss of population which followed the
crisis in the Genoese Economy. The number of job opportunities, the mechanical
industries and other industries in the city declined steeply during 1970s and 1980s,
many companies emigrated, the port harbor suffered from the structural changes in
the world trade flows, the industrialization and mechanization of port activities
resulted less requirement of labour force (Galdini, 2005). Thus there was
requirement of the city to be rejuvenated and revitalize the economy of the city.
In 1999, with the city of Genoa Strategic Conference, the city council started
planning for the town which can bring the transformation in the city leading to better
40
job opportunities and social and environmental conditions for the city. This
transformation opened the gates for the historic city to prove itself as a catalyst of
transformation (Genoa, Municipality, n.d.).
The main objective for the historic city center was to remove all kinds of decay
and make the old city more livable, so that it can set a cultural image of the city and
can become a cultural hub for the tourists. The main idea was to build the
rehabilitative policies which can retain the special characteristics of the area i.e. the
general atmosphere, the way of life and preserving the historic values with less
physical, social and economic decay, together with more security and cleanliness.
(Genoa, Municipality, n.d.; Galdini, 2007)
4.4.1 The Operating Plan for Genoa's Historic City Centre

The old town of Genoa was similar to other decayed historic centers, but this
historic center is no longer the center of the town. During the half of the 19th century
the transformation occurred and the city center shifted. At the same time, its
population shifted towards new center vacating the old town and the population in the
old town declined from 80,000 at the end of 19th century to 20,000 which also
resulted in the economic instability of the town. The town was accompanied with
beautiful built heritage but they are in decayed form with poor image (Genoa,
Municipality, n.d.).
The main challenge for the operating plan was to fight the decay in all its
forms-physical, social and economic promoting the positive ramification at the same
time increase social mix together with making best use of its historical assets.
4.4.2 The strategy
Given the recession in the harbor and in the traditional economic activities,
there was a need to break the negative loops; the government of Genoa took the
decision to stimulate the shift to tertiary activities. Tourism was in this context
considered as a possible spearhead as the area had potential to be developed as

tourist place (Galdini, 2005).
Today it sets an example for the urban regeneration; the city has managed to
renew itself, adapt to the present and plan for the future. Today it has changed it
image which is still based on the traditional pillars of its economy such as the port
41
and the industry, but with an increasing advanced technology sector and escalating
tourist trade.
As discussed the main challenge for the operating plan, it adopted an
integrated program, comprising actions and projects that at the same time foster
growth of physical, social and economic conditions. The main aims were to increase
the quality of life for the residents and develop touristic activities. There was also a
program that supports existing economic activities and is helping to develop new
ones, together with a strategy to rationalize and develop cultural facilities.
It followed a very simple process that was to have a strategic plan which has
to be implemented as per the schedule, accordingly the costs and funding were
provided and the expected results were seen. The monitoring also had its own
importance. The strategy of the plan was driven by the interactions between the
various different part of the integrated plan and its impact on the city as a whole. This
plan was adopted due to its pragmatic and innovative approach to safeguard the
area.
Role of government: According to this plan it became important to act on the
two fronts,
1. Micro-actions: Through micro actions the main aim was to exploit all the
possibilities of improvement in the existing structure to preserve the
environment of the city
2. Major-actions: Through major actions they commissioned new major projects

which brought a new energy in the whole system.
This resulted in the strategic actions, from pedestrian developments to
implementation of new parking area and major projects as water front

redevelopments and implementations of efficient services.
Role of community: The public actor had to develop strategic actions,
determining the conditions to accelerate the process of revitalization where there is a

role of the public and the private owners (Genoa, Municipality, n.d.). The Urban II
program which cover the development of the historic center of the city, had given
great emphasis on involving the local population at every stage of the decision
making process. (Meer, 2010)
42
Role of Cultural Events in tourism and urban regeneration: the city has
hosted big events like the Columbus Celebrations in 1992 and year 2004 as the citys
year as European Capital of Culture, which has brought changes in the citys cultural
position within Europe and had fostered the growth of the city as a cultural hub
(Pinna, 2012).
4.4.3 Urban Interventions

The Urban regeneration process in the city of Genoa has brought in various
urban renewal projects which had transformed the city both economically and
socially like helping the craft industries and small business development. The most
important project that has taken place in the city is the renovation of Port Antico
which has connected the city to the sea. The removal of the custom barriers, the
renovation and encouraging pedestrian friendly pathways on the port and
rejuvenation of aligned historic buildings has resulted in the reconnection of Centro
Storico with the traditional lifeblood of the city. While some of the poor section of the
city remained unrepaired the new lighting system and pavement of the streets have
helped the public to rediscover the new medieval areas of the city. The redesign of
the water front by the Famous Architect Renzo Piano (Aquarium, Congress Centre,
and Naval Museum) has transformed the area into a tourist destination (Pinna,
2012).
The Urban II program of Genoa, 2001 focuses on the three main objectives to
undergo the urban process of regeneration of the city:
1. Urban Rehabilitation and enhancement focusing on the improvement of the

physical environment and restructuring the heritage buildings
2. Socio-economic Regeneration: Focusing on training and measures to promote

entrepreneurship
3. Environment: Improvement in the community transport facilities, waste water

management and refuse collection.
According to Meer in 2010 the results achieved through this mission were
1. Regeneration of Old harbor and historic center
2. Green spaces were created in the city, new schools, asylums, and universities
were developed
43
3. Several social services were developed.

These interventions had so far benefited the inhabitants and the entrepreneurs of the
city.
Accordingly the city layout has also changed, the city center is been reconnected
with the sea bringing new life to the old city center. The beautiful architectural and
historic buildings of the city are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2006
(Pinna, 2012). The city also changed in the social terms, it is becoming a
multicultural and multiethnic city, thus changing its image in the global world.
Thus the case of Genoa proves that the transformation of a city is not made
through demolition of the past, it does not drives from the addition, in this case it had
come from within, with quality as its goal (as per Garbrelli,2004 cited in Galdini
(2007)).
4.4.4 Findings From the case study:

The case study of Genoa has shown the urban regeneration process through
development of tourism as a secondary activity. The main findings of the case study
are as follows.
1. Tourism and urban regeneration: Tourism industry has the potential to bring
back the prosperity to a town and regenerate the socio-economic conditions of
the place. Thus tourism can be used as a tool to regenerate the urban
scenario in the cities where it has its potential to be developed.
2. Defining the objective: Here in the case study of Genoa the main aim was
to restore and preserve the physical, social and economic environment of the
city, to fight the decay in the respective field.
3. Adopting an operating plan: A pragmatic, strategic, innovative and well-
structured operating plan with the rehabilitating policies need to be adopted
and implemented according to schedule of implementations with monitoring

and measuring the impacts of development in the city did it all for the city of
Genoa.
44
4. Changes in city layout: Pedestrian development, redesigning the
architectural spaces, proposing new ones and increasing scenic beauty to

attract more tourists and making the city friendly to tourist and the host
community.
5. Involvement of the local Community: The local community needs to involve

in the process of the decision making as this industry directly influences the
local community.
6. A parallel process: In a multifunctional city like Genoa, tourism needs to
flourish in parallel to the traditional industries, so that they can strengthen

each other.
7. Main focus: Focus on urban rehabilitation and enhancement, socio-economic

regeneration and environment rejuvenation in a sustainable manner to yield
best out of the assets of the city and transforming the city from within for long
lasting transformation.
45
Chapter 5.
Developing Tourism in Burhanpur
5.1 Urban Regeneration for Burhanpur

Comparing to the situation of Genoa, Burhanpur is also facing the same problems
of negative migration from the old city and lack of economic activities as discussed in
the second chapter of district profile, thus there is the requirement of urban
regeneration of the town Burhanpur. Tourism is a potential industry in the town and
can be developed. Thus implementing the development of tourism can lead to the
urban regeneration of the city as it happened in the case of Genoa.
In Burhanpur there is need to remove all kind of decay and make the old city
more livable and sustainable, setting a cultural image of the city for the tourists who
would come to visit the city for the tourism and leisure purpose. The primary
objective of the government, related authorities and the local community should be to
retain, preserve and restore the old city in its authentic form, so that it can sustain
and regenerate from the social, economic and physical decay of the environment,
providing both security and cleanliness within the city of Burhanpur and provide
ample of attraction to the tourist, creating an environment of mutual understanding

between the tourist community and the host community benefiting both of them.
This objective can be achieved through strategically planning from the present
moment and implementing the strategic plan according to the schedule.

5.2 Developing a Strategic Plan:
In the first place what should be avoided is the ad hoc planning approach i.e. the
planning approaches which are for the short term this may lead to the unsustainable
growth. Apparently, ad hoc planning for the tourism development was undertaken at
various tourist destinations and had resulted in serious short comings (Tosun &
Jenkins, 2007). These planning approaches included the stages of tourism
developments as:
1. Unplanned tourism development era
2. Beginning of partly supply oriented tourism planning period

3. Entirely supply oriented tourism planning period
4. Market or demand oriented tourism development planning period

Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Developing Tourism in Burhanpur
46
5. Contemporary planning approach period (details in Annexure-3 Table-1)

This kind of approach may result in initial earnings but for the long terms it results
in the unsustainable growth of tourism, which has more negative impacts and thus
results in declination of tourism industry in the city. Also this approach may result in
hazardous impacts to the environment thus should be avoided. Thus planning
strategically from the starting phase of the tourism is necessary for the overall
sustainable development of the destination as also can be seen from the case of
Genoa.
Based on the six other approaches provided by Tosun and Jenkins, 2007,
(Annexure-3 Table-2) namely
1. Sustainable Development Approach

2. System approach
3. Community approach
4. Integrated planning Approach to Tourism

5. Comprehensive Planning
6. Continuous and Flexible approach

The best approach that that must be adopted for the case of Burhanpur should be
determined by the pragmatic rather than the conceptual reasoning as were the case
with Genoa. The better approach would be which includes
1. It is sustainable
2. It involves community participation
3. Is integrated both internally and externally
4. Adaptable and flexible towards the changes.

But in developing countries, it is important to note that it is not easy to achieve the
goal of sustainability in tourism due to some difficulties which resides in the cost
involved and in the lack of patience to pursue a balanced and selective tourism
development (Wahab, 1997). In a developing country the approach towards tourism
should be selected considering their socio-political, economic conditions and human
resources available. So to do that there is need of guiding framework which can lead
to the sustainable development. Chris Cooper (1997) had tried to frame this by
47
focusing on the long terms implications and what to be done at each stage to achieve
sustainability.
Table 3: The stages of the Strategic Planning Process as described by Cooper, 1997
Stages in the Strategic
Description of the process
Planning
Situation Analysis/
Evaluation of the current situation of the destination
analysis/place audit
Considering data relating not only to the destination but also
environmental
Setting objectives and

goals
Strategy formulation
Marketing , positioning
and mix
Implementation and
monitoring
SOWT analysis
to the neighboring/external environment
Identification of the issues
The data collected in previous stage is used to formulate

goals
These goals provides direction to the planning process
Parameters to be used to judge the success to be identified

and formulated
Goals related to marketing, development and promotion
Identification of the Business Portfolio of the destination
need to be identified
Process of decision making to identify which market,

product needs more emphasis
Formulation of strategies for each segment of the market
Identification of the target market
Position in the market is communicated through
and product leading to the overall development
Development of the product positioning
manipulation of the marketing mix targeted for each market

segment and product.
The final stage where the implementation of the Strategic
It involves unbundling of the plan, assigning roles and
Formation of the monitoring system
Plan takes place
responsibilities for the action.
Introduction of the measurement, feedback and control
system to ensure the continued implementation of the plan.
48
5.2.1 Example of Alberta Manual:

The following example of Alberta Manual is adopted from the Tourism
Planning Basics, Concepts and Cases by Clare A. Gunn, 1994 (Gunn, 1994)
Alberta manual presents a fine example for the community tourism action
plan, for the development of tourism in the city of Alberta in Canada. It describes a
process in a total of 24 steps from the market survey to developing the local tourism
industry. Similar manuals and guidelines must be prepared for the city of Burhanpur
to develop tourism at various stages involved in the development of tourism in the
city.
List and rank

present tourism
market profile
Inputs from
business and
relevent
organizations
Commence
listing of
tourism assets
Commence
listing of
tourism
concerns
List and rank

potential
tourism market
profile
Complete
listing and rank
tourism asset
Complete
listing of
tourism
concerns
State tourism
goals
Develop and
rank tourism
ojectives
State action
step for each
objective
Produce a draft
tourism action
plan
Seek approval
in principle
from council
Revise draft
plan as
required
Seek inputs
from public,
businesses and
organizations
Incorporate
public input:
revise draft
Seek plan
formal
endoresment
from council
Assign
commitee
members to
top 5
objectives
Final revisions
if required
Commence
implementation
of action plan
Plan monitoring
(6 months)
Report to
council
Plan review
(annual)
Report to
council
Continue
develop a great
tourism
industry
Figure 13: Community Tourism Planning Steps. These 24 Steps are recommended for communities
to take in development of tourism action plans in Alberta, Canada (Gunn, 1994)
49
5.3 Spatial changes in the city:

5.3.1 Spatial changes in the city
This section of the chapter will discuss the spatial growth of the city to
accommodate the changes which would be brought in through the development of
tourism in the city. It will discuss how the changes in spatial arrangement takes place
in a historic city for the development of the Tourist-Historic City.
5.3.2 Modeling the Tourist-Historic City:
The model for the development of the Tourist-Historic city is provided in the Book
by G.J. Ashworth and J.E. Tunbridge (1990) called The Tourist Historic City. The
model discusses the stages in which tourism development leads to the spatial
development of the city. The tourist historic model is derived from the conjunction of
the concepts constructed by superimposing the spatial patterns of the historic and
tourists cities within the wider contexts of the other urban functions within the city
(Ashworth & Tunbridge, 1990).
Similar model is given by Gunn, 1965 cited in (Gunn, 1994). In this model Gunn
describes the development of the tourism belt surrounding the historic belt of the city.
It includes the spaces/areas as described below:
1. Nucleus: this is the space which includes the primary attraction considering
the historic sites, buildings, or the historic district. Here the prime importance
of planning is to restore and preserve the historic elements of the city.
2. Inviolate belt: This area includes the psychological settings for introducing
the visitor to the history. Here in this area the business and residences are
acceptable given the fact that they respond to the integrity of the historic area.
Incompatible land uses like modern high rise buildings and buildings
encroaching upon the nucleus area must be avoided
3. Zone of closure: this area includes the surrounding areas which comprises of
the new structures and land uses including the modern travel services. These
are not designed in the historic belt of the inviolate belt as they would clash
50
with the historic theme of that area and thus needs to be at a distance of that
area. It is here that the new hotels, restaurants, and other travel services
Figure 14 Model of
Attraction in Historic cities

Gunn, 1965 (Gunn, 1994)
Figure 15 Division of zones in Burhanpur on basis of Gunn (1994) Interpretation of Author
As it is clear from the figure that in Burhanpur, the historically important spaces
are located not just inside the walled/historical city rather they are scattered all
around the urban fabric, clear identification of the area in zones of inviolate belt and
the zone of closure is not possible, problem with Burhanpur city while dividing it into
zones is that historical complexes like the Shahi Qila, Jama Masjid, Shahi Hamam,
51
are located in the historic city, the other important pilgrimage spots that include
Dargah-E-Hakimi and Gurudwara lies away on the highway SH-27, away from main
historic city, one of the two most important historical complexes Ahu Khana (first
burial place of Mumtaj Mahal) is located on the other side of the river (with no proper
connecting roads) while another which is also nominated as a potential World
Heritage Site (IDFC, 2011) Kundi Bhandara which is on the other side of the Railway
line (with no bridge connecting the two sides), thus establishing historic city in
Burhanpur is not that straight forward and may be done in chunks of areas.
(Importance of historic structure evaluated on the basis of visitations of local
community and their willingness to take their guests to that place through community
survey- Annexure- 4)
Here, in the figure it is been taken in care of through demarcating the area near
monuments (outside the historical city) as of historical importance. Similar approach

is provided in ASI policies where area under 300m of historical monuments is taken
care of from any interventions (Sindhe, 2015). But here as the impact would be on
larger area further research is needed for evaluating the importance of each
monument and impact it can have over the tourists and spatial changes in the city
should be brought in accordingly.
This very same problem can also be viewed as an opportunity for making good
contact of the city with the tourist coming to the city, as the tourist would use more
resources of the city while enjoying the historicity of the city as a whole, thus the new
constructions of the city should be monitored in accordance to improve the overall
image of the city.
The Tourist-Historic City Model:
The tourist Historic City model provided by Ashworth and Tunbridge in 1990, in the
book the tourist-historic city. The model evolved through the super imposition of the
spatial patterns of the historic city and the tourist city with in the wider framework of
other urban functions (Ashworth & Tunbridge, 1990) .
52
Figure 16 Evolutionary model of Tourist historic city (Ashworth & Tunbridge, 1990)
The phase III of the model represents a fully developed situation where the
historic city, the tourist city and the central commercial area overlaps over each
other. This is a result of shift of some central commercial area outside the conserved
city and the spread of the tourist city over both a selected part of the historic city and
a portion of the modern commercial area. The tourist-historic city is the part of the
city where historical artefacts and associations are being actively used for tourism
purposes, as primary attractions, secondary supporting services or as an
environment for the enjoyment of visitors engaged in non-historic activities (Ashworth

& Tunbridge, 1990).
53
Analyzing Burhanpur development according to the Tourist Historic Model:

1. Burhanpur today is witnessing the change in the shift of the commercial area
from the city center towards the outer edge of the city wall as also proposed in
the Burhanpur master plan 2021, the proposal of a new textile park could also
mean the same as it will shift the one of the main industries of the walled city
i.e. the textile industry for the city center towards the village Nimbola where
the land is provided.
2. Nehru Hospital (primary health care centre of the city), the District Collectorate
, primary school of Burhanpur and major related activities are shifting away
from the walled city on the SH-4 (Bahadarpur Road), thus shifting the major
administrative activities of the city outside the historic city. (this project is
under
construction(2015))
3. New proposed four

lane road shifting
the traffic from the
old city towards the

new development
Figure 17 Developments in
accordance to develop tourism
4. The proposal of new commercial area that is outside the historic city and the
proposal of the new bus stand as per the master plan 2021 for Burhanpur city
shows that if the city is following the trends of the tourist historic model shifting
its central commercial area outside the walled city.
54
Figure 19 Implementation of Tourist-Historic city model on Burhanpur
55
Phase I- the phase one is the actual present condition where the historic city is
following a mixed land usage plan, all the major commercial activities happens
within the walled city.
Phase II - In the proposed master plan 2021 for Burhanpur, it becomes apparent that
the city administrative center is shifting from the historic city, thus in the phase II of
the development described above the shift is derived from the same understanding
of the master plan i.e. the shift of the Central Business District. (Anon., 2010)
Phase III- This phase shows the tentative development of the tourist-historic city.
This development is based on the present location of the hotels and lodgings of the
Burhanpur city (eg. Hotel Tapti Retreat, Hotel Ambika, Hotel Ambar, Hotel Panchvati
etc. all these are located on the same highway), which constitutes one of the basic
amenities provided to the tourist of the city and also would become one of the
business of the district after its been developed into a tourist destination, it includes
the major roads connecting as SH-27 and road connecting shanwara gate to railway
station, this phase should also include the development of Kundi Bhandara area as a
Historic zone.
Phase IV- this phase shows further development of the city following the pattern of
the previous phase.
Controlling the architectural impressions of the city:

It is very important for a tourist city to have a tempting first note for its visitors,
thus it becomes important to protect and exhibit the character of the city at their first
arrival. On the basis of the Model for Historic city provided by Gunn (1965) and the
Tourist Historic City model, the major tourist-historic zone of the city of Burhanpur will
be going to be the present day SH-27 and the road connecting the railway station
and Shanwara gate. Thus the architecture and planning of these roads should be in
accordance of the development of the city into a tourist and historic city, the spaces
around these roads should be in harmony with the historic architecture of the city,
giving the tourist of the city the feel and character of the city as these will be the
spaces of the city they will be first introduced to, thus it should present them a
welcoming impression.
56
5.4 Involving of the Local Community

Through the study of the impacts of tourism in the chapter of Tourism and urban
regeneration, it becomes clear that, if not managed and developed according to
strategic planning processes tourism can also have a very negative impact over the
destination. It may lead to congestion, noise, crime, pollution etc. The main
population that would be affected through this will be the residential and the local
community, thus the political viability of development of tourism depends on the full
support of the people it affects (Marien & Pizam, 1997). Thus in the city of Burhanpur
it becomes evident that the involvement of the local community is needed in making
decisions to achieve development of sustainable tourism. This argument was also
one of the backbone points in developing tourism in the city of Genoa and also was
mentioned in the example of the Alberta Manual. However in the survey conducted, it
was found that community tends to think that it is government responsibility to revive
tourism in Burhanpur. This section of the chapter will focus on how the community
involvement can be enhanced in making decision based on the research paper of
Marien and Pizam 1997 and further additions to the same.
5.4.1 Information Exchange:
For authentic participation of local community, it becomes important to involve
the public from the starting phases of development of tourism in the city and the
information is being exchanged early enough with in the community allowing people
to respond accordingly. It can be done in following ways:
1. Drop-in-centers: Drop in centers can be just office easily accessible and

providing information about the proposed developments and new policies
about tourism to the local community. As the use of computers and
smartphones (twitter, facebook and whatsapp to name a few) is becoming

popular in present generation, it can also take form of the same.
2. Public Hearings: Public hearings and meetings are one of the basic and
easy way to involve the community in the process of decision, it gives them
platform where they can contribute their ideas, but these kind of meetings
generally ends with unidirectional information flow thus there is need of
more informal meetings with the public.
57
As also said by Parekh, that when the public hearing meetings are conducted in
Burhanpur it ends up in the same population repeating, thus only a section of the
society only gets the information which is not transmitted further to others (Parekh,
2015), this proves need of more informal meeting in Burhanpur.
3.
Large and small group public meetings: These are less formal public
meetings that need to be conducted in the city, to make them aware about the
present situation. As also brought in knowledge by Smadhia, that its the mouth to
mouth transmission of information that need to be conducted in Burhanpur and area

around so that people come to know about their heritage (Samadhia, 2015). When
conducted in small groups it can yield better opportunity to share information.
4.
Focus group interviews: Interviewing the representatives from different
areas of the city as a part of round table discussion through a well-structured
questionnaire and record their observations. This can also be used at the time of
monitoring and accessing the impacts of implementation of the policy. Similar focus
group discussion was done by IDFC in year 2010 for preparing city development plan
for Burhanpur (IDFC, 2011).
5.
Telecommunication techniques: There is need to involve the technology in
the field of developing tourism in Burhanpur, the use of internet, newspaper, radio,
public portals, etc. to enhance the public participation and exchange of information.
As an experiment I used this method to conduct a survey in Burhanpur about
tourism, by generating Questionnaire via Google forms and inviting people of
Burhanpur to fill that form through social media, this resulted in people responding to
my request and filling that form, mostly these were the people who were never
involved in any kind of survey or meetings or hearings about tourism and related
developments in the city. Thus this method has tremendous potential to be exploited
and increasing the people participation in simple ways.
Also there is need to educate the local community about the issues that can
arrive and how it could affect them so that they are ready to accept the changes and
act accordingly to ensure benefit of the local community to develop sustainable
tourism. This can be done through activating advisory groups and task force,
providing technical and professional advices, educating the power holders,
58
conducting workshops and seminars, bringing experts to advice, providing training to

the community, and increasing their knowledge base.
It is equally important to generate awareness amongst the citizenry to value their
heritage and culture and spreading the information about their own past, which is not
known to many people in Burhanpur. Vikramjeet Singh Rooprai, founder of Youth for
Heritage Foundation Non-Government organization (NGO) working for heritage
awareness in Delhi suggested that
It is necessary for the people to know their own heritage and stories behind them
so that the local community can act as guides to the tourist coming and this could
lead to better host-guest relationship. He added that this could be done by taking
local community to the heritage places with historians and storytellers, and making
them aware about the historic events happened there in way that they feel their roots
connected to that place. This could lead to their understanding for the heritage and
they intuitively feel to preserve and share information about it. (Rooprai, 2015)
Taking the first step towards it in Burhanpur a similar organization can be made
with the help of various historian of the city which can introduce the city to its own
residents. Formal and informal events, heritage walks, lectures etc. can be organized
at various places. The first market to start this kind of events could be the
educational institutes of the city where trips can be organized for the students
educating them about the city. This could lead to spread of the knowledge among the
young generation, and also could generate urge to take their family their and
continue the chain of spreading knowledge. Thus there is a need of collaboration

with the educational institutes to organize such events.
5.5 A parallel process
As in the case of Genoa (a multifunctional city), the tourism industry flourished
which supported the socio-economic condition of the city, at the same time the city
rejuvenated its old industries and explored the new industrial bases which in turn
strengthen the tourism attracting business people and tourism also provided the new
market for the industries attracting tourists to use their products. Similarly, in
Burhanpur there is a need to strengthen the tourism developments with the
development of industries discussed in the 1st chapter i.e. the textile industries and
59
the agro based industries. The explorations for the growth of these industries should
go hand in hand with the development of tourism in the city.
5.6 Inferences:
Burhanpur has tremendous potential to be developed as a tourist destination of
the future, provided the progress in relation to develop the sustainable tourism
follows a defined path which is determined by the strategic planning and policies
which are comprehensive, integrated, in harmony to requirements of present,
pragmatic and aiming towards the overall socio-economic growth of the city. What
matters the most is the proper scheduled implementation and monitoring of these
policies which sequentially leads to the sustainable development and provide
opportunities to counteract the negative impacts, if any observed and actions are
taken accordingly.
The another step featuring the development of tourism industry in the city like
Burhanpur is the need in changing the spatial organization of the city which would
are in coherence to accommodate the increase in tourist travels, providing them
clean, safe, and enjoyable environment in the tourist-historic city. This should be
accompanied with the monitoring of the architectural language of the city to retain
and preserve the image of the city in its authentic form.
It should be developed with the current industrial setup of Burhanpur, involving
the community at every decision making process and acting accordingly.
These are the three points; at least needs to be followed for the urban
rejuvenation of the city, enhancing the socio-economic condition, regenerating the

environment of Burhanpur for sustainable development of the city.
60
Chapter 6. Conclusions
In the due course of dissertation it was found that Burhanpur, a small city in the
State of Madhya Pradesh, is going under the crisis of negative migration because of
lack of economic opportunities in the city. Consequently there is need to rejuvenate
the city. On the same note citys heritage and culture is in detrimental stage which
needs immediate attention in terms of structural stability, safety, cleanliness and gain
importance among the local government and the local community, therefore needs
financial funding and care. A solution to this problem could be providing an
economical sector which can strengthen the economic state of the city and
simultaneously revitalize the heritage and culture of the city.
Due to the presence of various historical and religious marvels and glorious past,
tourism in Burhanpur can be perceived as a viable solution to the problem of
economic instability and losing identity of heritage structures and can be used as a
tool to regenerate the city, achieving the economic growth and conservation of the
environment.
Tourism is one of the most flourishing industries in present day scenario where
people are intended to invest on the leisure and entertainment activities, thus it have
incredible potential to regenerate the economy of the city, but it also potentially
carries various negative impacts which can degrade the socio-cultural and
environmental qualities of the city. Thus while developing tourism in Burhanpur the
issue of sustainability need to be considered to make the most justifiable use of
physical, social, environmental and human resource asset of the city which would be
directly or indirectly influenced be these impacts.
In accordance to sustainably rejuvenate the historic city of Burhanpur it becomes
important to involve pragmatic, integrated, comprehensive and strategic planning at

each level of interventions at the urban level to achieve the desired goals and
objectives. Efforts are to be made to explore, restore, preserve and conserve the
historic elements of the city which are not just the historical monuments or structure
but also comprise of street pattern, the built typology, house forms, havelies,
carvings on wood and other intangible aspects which harmoniously make the city of
Burhanpur as a heritage city of the Deccan.
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Conclusions
61
In addition to that it is essential to plan the layout of the city to accommodate
new tourist, foster the growth of the tourist area and model the tourist-historic city out
of Burhanpur. It requires planning on the town level to designate the areas of the city
as historic area, tourist-historic area and the business area of the district, overlapping
with each other. At the site level there are necessities to provide proper infrastructure
and basic amenities to the tourist. Also introduction of some major projects can
enhance the further growth in the tourist market like the cultural museum, bridge
connecting Shahi Qila to Ahukhana etc. to name a few. Another important aspect is
to monitor the new architectural additions and renovate the old in its original form at
least on the travel routes of tourist in the city, so that the image of the city can be
protected and well stated to the tourist of the city.
Another noteworthy argument over this issue is to involve the local community
form the preliminary phase of the planning, so that they can share their own ideas
and help in the decision making process. Thus efforts are to be made to support the
active community participation informing them about the ongoing and coming policies
about the tourism development and asking them to play their role in the process.
Summing them all, the main focus of the revitalization of heritage based tourism
in Burhanpur should not just simply to create more opportunities leading only to the
economic growth but as a force to rejuvenate the city in terms of social, cultural and
environmental factors. Thus this force needs to be planned, implemented, and
managed taking into the accounts the philosophies of the sustainability.
Further Research:
1. Detailed study of other potential economic drivers for the city.
2. Financial feasibility of revitalizing Heritage Tourism in Burhanpur.

3. Detailed study on other potential types of tourism in Burhanpur.
4. Preparation of Strategic Plan specific for development of tourism in Burhanpur

and development of a tourism theory specific to conditions of Burhanpur.
5. Detailed site specific study for renovation and restoration of Heritage

complexes.
6. Detailed study on marketing and management of tourism development.
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Conclusions
62
Annexure 1.
Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) Burhanpur
Based on census of India data of 2001 and 2011

workers
population 2001 population 2001
total
rural
urban
634883
253817
243518
73112
391365
WPR (%)
non workers 2001 2001
180705
800000
381066
39.97
170406
30.02
210660
46.17
population 2001
600000
400000
workers
population 2001
200000
0
total
rural
urban
non workers
2001

Total
Population 2011
757847
Rural
Workers
Population
2011
328339
497560
Urban
240536
260287
87803
800000
429508
43.32
172484
33.73
257024
48.34
Population 2011
600000
400000
Workers
Population 2011
200000
0
Non Workers WPR (%) 2011
Total
Rural
Urban
Non Workers
Table 6 Distribution of WPR as Main and Marginal Labour 2011
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Workforce Participation Rate (WPR)
Burhanpur
63
Workers Population 2011
Total
328339
Rural
Main Workers
274900
240536
Urban
53439
195102
87803
400000
Marginal Workers
45434
79798
300000
8005
Workers Population 2011
200000
Main Workers
100000
Marginal Workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Figure 22 Distribution of WPR as Main and Marginal Labour 2011

Table 7 Distribution of WPR in categories of lobour 2011
Workers
Population
2011
Total
328339
Rural
Cultivators
240536
Urban
87803
67799
House Hold
Industry
Agricultural Labour Workers
65270
2529
156295
8077
10086
4588
146209
350000
3489
96168
25568
70600
Workers Population
2011
300000
Cultivators
250000
200000
Agricultural Labour
150000
House Hold Industry
100000
Workers
50000
0
Other Workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Other Workers
Figure 23 Distribution of WPR in categories of lobour 2011
Burhanpur
64
Table 8 Distribution of Main Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Main
Workers
Total
274900
Rural
Cultivators
195102
Urban
300000
79798
61467
Agricultural
Labour
59067
2400
117409
House Hold
Industry
Workers
7279
110224
88745
3102
7185
22709
4177
66036
Main Workers
250000
Cultivators
200000
150000
Agricultural Labour
100000
House Hold Industry
50000
0
Other
Workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Workers
Other Workers
Figure 24 Distribution of Main Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Table 9 Distribution of Marginal Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Total
Marginal
Workers
Rural
53439
45434
Urban
8005
Cultivators
6332
6203
129
Agricultural
Labour
38886
House Hold
Industry Workers
35985
7423
411
4564
2859
Marginal Workers
50000
Cultivators
40000
30000
Agricultural Labour
20000
House Hold Industry
10000
0
798
387
2901
60000
Other
Workers
Total
Rural
Urban
Workers
Other Workers
Figure 25 Distribution of Marginal Labour in categories of Lobour 2011
Burhanpur
65
Annexure 2. Present status of Heritage

The figures in the annexure are used to theorize the present situation at the
historical complexes in Burhanpur in the chapter 2. These are collected from the
daily newspapers of Burhanpur varying from January to July 2015. These newspaper
articles provide good information about the present conditions and scenarios in the
heritage complexes
Figure 26 Exploration activities happening for heritage in Burhanpur
Figure 27 Need of structural renovations and

cleanliness in the heritage complexes
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Present status of Heritage
66
Figure 28 Need of security in heritage complexes
Figure 289 Government neglecting the heritage and clashes among the agencies in preservation
67
Figure 300 Need for cleanliness around the

complexes
Figure 311 Need to protect, preserve and conserve

heritage resources
Figure 292 Need for local community to follow the policies and rules
68
Annexure 3.
Strategic Planning Approaches
Stages
1. Unplanned
tourism
development era:
2. Beginning
of
partly
supply
oriented tourism
planning period:
3. Entirely supply
oriented tourism
planning period:
4. Market or demand
oriented tourism
development
planning period:
5. Contemporary
planning
approach period
Description
In this period the planning of tourism is

uncommon, unpopular, and sometimes unwanted
idea.
In the beginning tourism started as an unplanned
activity in most of the parts of the world.
Governments deem this industry to be the
business of the private sectors.
Here the main concern is the improvement of the

infrastructure
Improvements in public amenities like hotels,
restaurants, telecommunication systems etc.
Tourism planning is seen as a simple process of
building hotels, and linkages to destination places.
During this stage the main aim of planning is to
increase tourism demand, and capture the market
If the environmental, host community and tourist
satisfaction is not been considered during
planning then at this stage the tourism can have
negative impacts.
To trap a larger number of tourists becomes the
central point of tourism plans
The desires of tourists and the provision of
motivating experiences direct the planning and
marketing determinations in the industry.
Here after noting the environmental and social

degradation, consequence of careless and myopic
tourism development planning, various agencies
work to retrofit it.
An agency works to consider environmental,
social and cultural issues along the economic
development.
This new approach may help in sustaining tourism
Table 10:The five stages of the evolution of Tourism Development Planning based on Tosun &
Jenkins, 2007
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Strategic Planning Approaches
69
Approach
Sustainable
Development
Approach
System approach
Community
approach
Description
Meeting the needs of present tourist while enhancing the

opportunities for the future tourists and host community of
the region.
Concerned with the life of tourism industry.
Proper allocations and management of the resources,
meeting the economic, social and environmental concerns.
Maintaining the cultural integrity and ecological balance in
the region.
In this approach tourism is considered as the system with

elements
1. as Market; Travel; Destinations; and Marketing Mill and
Morrisons
2. as demand and supply components and transportation
and promotions are links between them-Harssel
3. tourists, geographical elements and tourism industry
Leiper
Developing tourism as a system where changes in one
element have reverberations in the whole system.
It can be applied at various stages of tourism development
and thus is flexible- Murphy
In system planning approach there is an involuntary learning
and continuous improvement- Gravel
Instead of myopic system approach examines the problem
from an overall perspective and thus contains holistic,
process-oriented, interdisciplinary, analytical and pragmatic
thinking approach.
Community here is termed as the local people sharing the
common area, built environment, facilities and services
distributed within a settlement.
Thus community approach is the approach in which the
main motive is to have harmonious host and guest
relationship.
It can create more workable partnership between the
tourism industry and local community.
In democracies, community involvement in the policy
making and decision making is an important component for
the political debates, leading to appropriate policies.
70
Integrated
planning
Approach to
Tourism
Thus community participations in the policy formulations for

tourism growth can lead to a sustainable tourism
development
It is an approach where the inputs from various agencies,

different sectors or disciplines are required.
In tourism it means the integration at different levels, like
international level, national level and the destination level
tourism markets.
A balance between tourism demand and supply is the major
concern here
There must be internal integration with in the components
of the tourism sector
Also there must be an external integration i.e. integrations of
tourism with macro systems of socio-cultural, economic,
political, environmental factors and international tourism
distribution system.
Comprehensive
Planning
Continuous and
Flexible approach
The main purpose of the comprehensive planning is to

improve the coherence of among all the relevant elements
involved in tourism planning
Thus through comprehensive approach we are integrating
all the elements to achieve the sustainable tourism
The planning should be easily adaptable to the rapidly

changing socio-cultural and economic and technological
conditions.
As tourism is a multi-sectorial activity, and the product is an
amalgamation of the inputs i.e. changes to be adopted
according to the feedbacks, it thus requires a continuous
and flexible approach.
Thus it provides a platform where one can constantly
evaluate and reassess the tourist activity and thus provide
greater ability to predict changes
Table 11 Contemporary Tourism Planning Approaches based on Tosun & Jenkins, 2007
71
Annexure 4. Community awareness for tourism

This annexure is a questionnaire survey been conducted in Burhanpur to evaluate the
present community involvement and know their views about tourism development in the
city. This also asks for their suggestions and a way in which they can contribute for the
same. The survey was conducted among 50 people both through online and offline
methods.
Link to the google form generated: http://goo.gl/forms/MajT5cLY7A
Link to the results and responses: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Wx-FzwEnfEyEo5HDxxeXUYwDtEI2sw51o_7NMwKoU4/viewanalytics
General profile
1. Personal information:
a.
Name:
c.
Area:
2. What is your age group

a.
<18 years
d.
30-49 years
3. What is your current status:

a.
student
d.
b.
d.
b.
Town:
18-25 years
e.
Employed part time
Gender:
>50 years
c.
b.
Self employed
e.
Unemployed
4. What is your approximate total annual household income?

a.
<1 lakh
b.
1-3 lakh c.
3-5 lakh
5. For how long you live in this area:
a.
one year b.
2-5
years
6. Number of people in your family:
a.
No. of adults:
c.
5-10
years
b.
25-29 years
c.
time
Employed full
d.
>5 lakh
Other
(specify_________)
d.
> 10
years
No. of children:
Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Community awareness for tourism
72
Tourism in Burhanpur:
7. Please evaluate the tourist destinations of Burhanpur:

NAME OF THE
visit Visited and Would
Any specific
PLACE
ed
you like to
Remarks/ purpose
of your visit
take guest there
Religious
Dargah-E-Hakimi
Gurudwara Badisangat
Jama Masjid
Swaminarayan Mandir
Tapti Ghats
Ichha Devi Temple
Kabir Panthi Mandir
Historical Monuments
Badshahi Quila
Kundi Bhandara
Asirgarh fort
Ahu kahana
Rja jai singh ki chattri

Mahal gulara
Kali Masjid
Bibi Ki Masjid
Tomb Of Nadir & Adil Shah
Tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan

Tomb of Bilqis Jahan
8. How frequently guest arrives at your place?

a.
More than once in a
b.
month
c.
Once in a year
d.
Rarely
10. Do you have direct interaction with tourists?

a.
Yes, >1 time in a week
b.
Yes, <1 times in a week
Once in three month
9. Do you provide any services or products to tourists?

a.
No
b.
Yes, namely
_____________________
73
c.
Yes, rarely
d.
No never
11. Have you been involved in any type of meeting where you discussed tourism
development in Burhanpur?
a.
Yes, many times
b.
Yes, once or twice
c.
No, never
12. Have you been asked about your opinion on tourism by those who plan
tourism development?
a.
Yes, many times
b.
Yes, once or
c.
No, never
twice
13. Do you think that major decisions regarding tourism development in
Burhanpur are made primarily by . (please select the appropriate)
a.
Community
b.
Group
c.
Government
d.
politicians
of people
14. Attitude towards tourism
1= strongly disagree; 2= Disagree; 3= neither disagree nor agree;
4= Agree; 5= strongly agree
a.
Tourism leads to economic development of city
b.
Tourism is increasing very fast in the city
d.
City may become overcrowded due to tourism
f.
I consider tourism in my city would causes pollution
c.
e.
Tourism creates new market for local products
Tourism benefits other industries in my community
g.
I think I (could) learn from interaction with tourists
i.
Tourism makes the city well known to outsiders
k.
I feel irritated because of tourism in my community
h.
j.
Tourism promotes cultural/heritage preservation
Tourism is another kind of education for the tourists
l.
City resources are overused by tourists
n.
Tourism helps in skill training and learning new ideas
m.
o.
Tourism invites other organizations to assist the community
Most tourists are respectful to the community
15. Should Burhanpur be developed into a tourist destination?

a.
Yes
b.
No
16. How can you help in tourism development in the city?

Answer:
17. What are your suggestions to develop the tourism in Burhanpur?
Answer
74
Findings and analysis of the survey conducted:
Popularity of tourist spots among the community
NAME OF THE PLACE

Religious
Dargah-E-Hakimi
Visited and
Would you like to
take guest there
%
Not visited %
26.5
61.8
11.8
43.3
26.7
30.0
visited %
Gurudwara Badisangat
32.4
Swaminarayan Mandir
39.3
Jama Masjid
Tapti Ghats
Ichha Devi Temple
50.0
32.4
Kabir Panthi Mandir
35.0
Badshahi Quila
Historical Monuments
0.0
50.0
9.4
24.2
63.6
35.5
Mahal gulara
33.3
Bibi Ki Masjid
32.1
51.4
34.6
Tomb Of Nadir & Adil Shah
28.6
Tomb of Bilqis Jahan
26.9
Tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan
67.6
0.0
40.6
Ahu kahana
Kali Masjid
50.0
14.3
60.0
33.3
Rja jai singh ki chattri
46.4
11.8
5.0
Kundi Bhandara
Asirgarh fort
55.9
32.1
54.5
12.1
35.5
29.0
31.4
33.3
26.9
21.4
14.3
17.9
7.7
12.1
17.1
33.3
38.5
46.4
57.1
50.0
65.4
Most the people of community have visited the monuments, especially with
religious importance, only kabir panthi mandir (60% not visited) here lacks to
attract the local community, where as in historical monuments, Badshahi Qila,

Kundi Bhandara, Asirgarh Fort, Raja Jai Singh ki chhatri gains community
attraction whereas Kali Masjid, Bibi Ki Masjid, Tomb Of Nadir & Adil Shah,
Tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan, Tomb of Bilqis Jahan and Ahu Khana needs to
attract more people of the local community and thus needs to be studied
further.
75
More Than 80% of the people do not provide any kind of services in the
tourism industry and 90% of the people surveyed say that they have never or
rarely interacted with the tourist in Burhanpur which shows lack of tourist
coming to Burhanpur and thus more marketing and advertisements needs to
be done at various levels to attract more tourist in the city.
About 70% of the population thinks that its government and politicians who
take decisions about tourism developments and about 90% of the population
is never being involved in any meetings held for tourism developments and
never been asked for their opinions for tourism developments in Burhanpur,
thus the process of developments of tourism in Burhanpur lacks involvement
of community in the process of decision making.
Majority of the people had shown positive attitude towards tourism
developments in Burhanpur by agreeing at the positives of tourism and
disagreeing with the negatives of tourism as for answer to question number

14. About 98% of the population survey wants tourism industry to be
developed in the city.
Some of the ways people said they can contribute for tourism includes
o Keeping city clean and pollution free
o Spreading awareness among friends and relatives and taking guests to

the tourist spots.
o Respecting the tourist and offering them services they need like
providing them vital information as a local community.
o To behave like a responsible citizen of the city and become helping
hand to the government.
Suggestions provided by local community to develop tourism are:

o Develop tourism infrastructure and tourist facilities
o Advertise, promote and start campaign on social media, websites,

o
monthly periodicals etc. should be provided
Problem of traffic to be solved in the walled city.
o Events related to tourism should be encouraged to develop awareness.

o Renovate and maintain monuments, develop Tapti riverfront, boating
and river rides could also be developed.
76
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Department of Architecture

School of Planning and Architecture

TOURISM AND URBAN REGENERATION:

Guide- Mr. Ryan Christopher Sequeira

B.Arch 4th Year Section- B

concepts to be taken care of for the development of sustainable tourism in the

Burhanpur, a heritage city in Madhya Pradesh is under the crisis of negative

considered as potential economic driver. Tourism can prove to be a regenerating

factor provided if the sustainability is involved in the process of revitalization which

This paper explores the process to achieve sustainability in development of

Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Abstract

Regeneration: Revitalizing Heritage Based Tourism in Burhanpur has been

carried out by the undersigned as a part of the undergraduate Dissertation program

Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Declaration

I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my dissertation

his coordination and support till the end of my dissertation.

I would furthermore like to appreciate assistance of Mr. Sudhir Parekh (Town

Planner and researcher of Burhanpur), Mr. Rakesh Sindhe (Conservation Assistant,

Samadhia (Manager of Hotel Tapti retreat and member of State Archeological

Department and Tourism Development Department of Burhanpur) to help me in

encouragement and listening to me in my hour of needs.

Tourism and Urban Regeneration | Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................... iii

Table of Contents .......................................................................................... iv

List of Tables ................................................................................................ vii

Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 1

1.2 Aim ........................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Objectives: ................................................................................................ 3

1.4 Scope: ....................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Methodology: ............................................................................................ 4

2.2 Location of the City ................................................................................... 6

2.4 Physiography of Burhanpur ....................................................................... 7

2.4.1 Climate of Burhanpur .......................................................................... 7

2.4.2 Topography and Natural Settings ........................................................ 8

2.5 Demographic Profile of the District ........................................................... 9

2.5.1 Population growth trends .................................................................... 9

2.5.3 Trends in Urbanization...................................................................... 10

2.6 Socio Economic profile of the City ........................................................... 12

2.7 Need for Rejuvenation of City .................................................................. 19

2.8 Potential Economic Drivers of the City ..................................................... 20

2.8.3 Development of Burhanpur as a Tourism center ................................ 23

3.3.1 The City Morphology: ........................................................................ 29

3.4 Present status of Heritage conservation in the city .................................. 30

3.4.1 Agencies involved in Heritage conservation ....................................... 30

3.5 Need for Regeneration of Heritage Complexes ........................................ 33

Chapter 4. Tourism and Urban Regeneration .................................................... 34

4.1.1 Urban Regeneration .......................................................................... 34

4.1.2 Urban Tourism .................................................................................. 35

4.2 Impacts of Tourism on the city ................................................................ 36

4.2.1 The Economic Impacts of Tourism .................................................... 36

4.2.2 The Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism ...................................... 37

4.3 Need for Sustainability ............................................................................ 39

4.4 Case study .............................................................................................. 40

4.4.2 Case Study- Genoa .............................................................................. 40

4.4.2 The strategy...................................................................................... 41

4.4.3 Urban Interventions .......................................................................... 43

4.4.4 Findings From the case study: ........................................................... 44

5.2 Developing a Strategic Plan: .................................................................... 46

5.3 Spatial changes in the city: ...................................................................... 50

5.3.1 Spatial changes in the city ................................................................. 50

5.3.2 Modeling the Tourist-Historic City: ................................................... 50

5.4 Involving of the Local Community ........................................................... 57

5.5 A parallel process.................................................................................... 59