Daniel PP Weaver 2016

Author Daniel
The author identifies himself as Daniel

8:1 a vision appeared to me, Daniel
9:2 I, Daniel, observed
11:1 I arose
12:5 Then I, Daniel, looked and
Author Daniel
The author claims to be a contemporary of:
Nebuchadnezzar (605-562)
Belshazzar (556-539)
Cyrus (539-530)
Author Daniel
Jesus identified the author as Daniel (Matt.
24:15)
Therefore when you see the ABOMINATION OF
DESOLATION which was spoken of through
Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy
place
Author Daniel
The Jewish Talmud also identifies the sixth
century Daniel as its author.
Author Daniel
Conclusion: There is no valid reason to deny
the authorship of Daniel.
Author Daniel
The primary reason liberal critical scholars are
not willing to accept the sixth century Daniel
as its author is: their anti-supernatural
presuppositions.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The Settlement
Kitchen
Store-rooms
Cisterns
Scriptorium
Pools
Potters shop
Tower
Aqueduct
Refectory
Larder
Recipients
The prophecies given and recorded in this book
were written to the Hebrews living in captivity
in Babylon.
Date
He lived at least until the third year of Cyrus
reign, around 536 BC (10:1).
He may have compiled this book bearing his
name shortly after these events were recorded.
Place
Daniel was writing from the capital of Babylon
where he served several Babylonian Kings
(Nebuchadnezzar, 2:1; Belshazzar, 5:1; Darius
the Mede, 5:31; and Cyrus the Persian, 10:1).
Nelson Glueck
A famous biblical archaeologist
who identified 1500
archaeological sites.
In 1963 he founded the Hebrew
Union College Biblical and
Archaeological School
(Jerusalem).
Nelson Glueck
It may be stated categorically
that no archaeological discovery
has ever controverted a Biblical
reference. Scores of
archaeological findings have been
made which confirm in clear
outline or exact detail historical
statements in the Bible. And, by
the same token, proper evaluation
of Biblical descriptions has often
led to amazing discoveries.
Robert Koldewey
German Oriental Society
Excavated for 18 years
(1899-1917)
Dedication Inscription
Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, the
faithful prince appointed by the will of
Marduk, the highest of princely princes,
I laid the foundation of the gates
Upon the walls in the inner room of the
gate are bulls and dragons and thus I
magnificently adorned them with
luxurious splendor for all mankind to
behold in awe...
Purposes
(1) Reminds the covenant people that God is
sovereign over all.
(2) Comforts the covenant people of God that
He will restore them one day (despite their
repeated rebellions)
(3) Challenges the covenant people of God to
remain faithful to their covenant-keeping God.
Message
God is sovereign overall, using even evil
empires and wicked rulers to accomplish his
purpose. In His time, He will restore Israel to
its proper place of prominence and His
Theocratic Kingdom will be established forever,
a kingdom superior in every way to the
preceding Gentile empires.
Genre: Apocalyptic
A. Characterized by many symbols with literal
referents
B. Unveils something that will happen, usually
in the end times
Genre: Apocalyptic
Apocalyptic literature is symbolic visionary
prophetic literature, composed during
oppressive conditions consisting of visions
whose events are recorded exactly as they were
seen by the author and explained through a
divine interpreter, and whose theological
content is primarily eschatological.
Genre: Apocalyptic
C. Old Testament Apocalyptic books: Daniel,
Ezekiel, Zechariah
D. New Testament Apocalyptic book:
Revelation
Chronology of the Book of Daniel

Chapters 1-4
Chapter 7, 8, 5, 6
Chapters 9-12
Chapter
Nation
Ruler
Year of
Reign
Date
Genre
Event/Vision
Judah
Jehoiakim
3rd (1:1)
605 BC
History
Daniel & Friends Taken

into Captivity
Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar
2nd (2:1)
603 BC
History
Neb's Dream of Statue
Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar
--
> 603 BC
History
Neb's Golden Image and

Fiery Furnace
Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar
--
ca. 571 BC
History
Neb's Demise
Babylon
Belshazzar
--
539 BC
History
Belshazzar's Feast
Medio-Persia
Darius
--
> 539 BC
History
Daniel and the Lion's Den
Babylon
Belshazzar
1st (7:1)
553 BC
Vision
Vision of Four Beasts
Babylon
Belshazzar
3rd (8:1)
550 BC
Vision
Vision of Ram and Goat
Medio-Persia
Darius
1st (9:1)
539 BC
Vision
Vision of 70 Heptads /
Weeks
10
Medio-Persia
Cyrus
3rd (10:1)
536 BC
Vision
Final Vision
11
Medio-Persia
Cyrus
--
536 BC
Vision
Final Vision Continued
12
Medio-Persia
Cyrus
--
536 BC
Vision
Final Vision Continued
Biblical Languages Utilized

Hebrew Daniel 1:1-2:4; 8-12 involves
prophecies regarding the Jews
Aramaic Daniel 2:5-7:28 involves prophecies
regarding the Gentiles. It therefore makes
sense that it is written in the common
language of Gentiles
Historical Background
Chess Board
Chess Teams
Chess Pieces
Chess Board
Palestine
Egypt
Assyria
Babylon
Persia
Greece
Rome
Chess Board
Chess Teams
Israel
Egyptians
Babylonians
Assyrians
Chess Teams
Medio-Persians
Greco-Macedonians
Romans
Gods Team
Egyptian Team
One of the earliest dominating
world powers
Oppressors of the Israelites during
the time of Moses
Continued to be a threat to Israel
during the Monarchy
Assyrian Team
Their empire was centered in modern day
Syria
Their capital was based in Nineveh
Assyrian Team
Their empire was centered in modern day Syria
Their capital was based in Nineveh
Their most powerful king was Sennacherib
They took the 10 northern tribes of Israel into
captivity (722 BC)
Sennacherib threatened but was NOT able to
conquer Jerusalem
Sennacheribs Prism
Sennacheribs Prism
Records the achievements of Sennacherib
Defeated many cities of Judah and
deported many people
Jerusalem was left unharmed because God
miraculously intervened (2 Ki. 19:7)
Sennacheribs Prism
historiography of the ancient Near East
was rarely intended to present an objective
view of what actually happened. More often,
propaganda was clothed in historical attire
with the purpose of benefiting those in
power. Royal inscriptions were often selfserving documents whereby a king could
boast of his accomplishments, embellishing
the positive, ignoring the negative
Sennacheribs Prism
when the reward [goal] is power and
prestige, accuracy becomes of little
concernThe purpose of this
historiography was to support the king,
not to offer an objective account of what
really happened.
-John Walton, A Survey of
the Old Testament, 210-211
Sennacheribs Prism
shut Hezekiah in Jerusalem like a
bird in a cage.
Babylonian Team
Iraq
They successfully defeated Assyria and
Egypt
Babylonian Team
Iraq
They successfully defeated Assyria and
Egypt
Their famous king was Nebuchadnezzar
Babylonian Team
First captivity (605 BC) - Daniel and his three
friends were taken amongst this first exiled.
Second captivity (597 BC) - Ezekiel and 10,000
Hebrews were taken into exile
Third captivity (586 BC) During this third and
final deportation, Nebuchadnezzar destroyed
Jerusalem and devastated the temple
Chess Pieces
Daniel and Friends
Nebuchadnezzar
Belshazzar
Darius the Mede
Chess Pieces
Cyrus the Great
Alexander the Great
Antiochus Epiphanes
Anti-Christ
The Sovereignty of God

In personal affairs (1:6, 15, 17, 19; 3:17-27;
6:26-28)
Over world empires (2:1-45; 7:1-28; 8:1-27)
Evidenced in the giving, interpreting,
and fulfilling of prophetic visions (2:1745; 4:19-37; 5:5-31;7:1-28; 8:1-27; 9:24-27;
10:5-9; 11:1-12:13)
The Tribulation
Develops the purpose, timing, and events
of the tribulation period (Dan. 9:24-27)
Describes the rise of the anti-Christ (Dan.
9:27)
Describes the abomination of
desolation (Dan. 9:27)
ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and

Syria
ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Kenji Goto, Christian Journalist
Boko Haram - Nigeria
Boko Haram - Nigeria
Abdul Razak Ali Artan
Dylan Roof
The Theocratic Kingdom

Predicts the establishment of Gods
theocratic kingdom on earth (2:44)
Describes the theocratic kingdom being
instituted by Christ (7:13-14)
Describes the theocratic kingdom as one
that will be forever (7:18, 24-27)
The Story of Daniel (1:1-21)

1. Daniel lived under Gentile authorities (1:17)
The Story of Daniel

Taken into captivity by Nebuchadnezzar around
605 BC (1:1, 6)
Lived until at least the 3rd year of Cyrus reign
(536 BC; 10:1)
Was trained for three years at the royal palace after
which he served the king (1:5-6)
Author Daniel
He was known as:
righteous (Ezek. 14:14-20)
wise (Ezek. 28:3)
intelligent, handsome, and from the royal
family (Dan. 1:4).
Author Daniel
He was a man of prayer (6:10-12)
He was a student of the Scriptures (9:2)
Author Daniel
He lived during three different governments:
Judean (Jehoiakim; 1:1)
Babylonian (Nebuchadnezzar, 2:1;
Belshazzar, 5:1)
Medio-Persian (Darius, 5:31; Cyrus, 10:1)
Jewish and Babylonian Names

Daniel
Belteshazzar
Hananiah
Shadrach
Mishael
Meshach
Azariah
Abednego

2. Daniel was committed to God (1:8-14)
I am determined to live my life

based upon my internal principles
rather than by the worlds
external pressures.

2. Daniel was committed to God (1:8-14)
3. God blessed Daniels committment (1:1521)

There appearance was better (1:15a), was fatter
(1:15b), they had knowledge (1:17a), and
wisdom (1:17b)
After 10 days of a diet, they were 10 times
better (1:20)
Being sensible that I am unable to do anything

without Gods help, I do humbly entreat him by
his grace to enable me to keep these
Resolutions, so far as they are agreeable to his
will, for Christs sake.
1. Resolved, that I will do whatsoever I think to be

most to God's glory, and my own good
5. Resolved, never to lose one moment of time; but
improve it the most profitable way I possibly can.
6. Resolved, to live with all my might, while I do
live.
7. Resolved, never to do anything, which I should
be afraid to do, if it were the last hour of my life.
Remember to read over these

Resolutions once a week.
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 1:
Daniel and Friends Deported
Daniel and Friends in the Kings Court
The Dream of Nebuchadnezzar (2:149)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Command of Nebuchadnezzar (2:1-9)

The Failure of the Wise Men (2:10-11)
The Request of Daniel (2:12-16)
The Revelation to Daniel (2:17-24)
The Dream Recounted by Daniel (2:25-35)
The Stone (2:34-35)

Made without hands
Crushes the feet
Destroys the statue

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The Interpretation Given by Daniel (2:36-45)
Image
Verse(s)
Corresponding
Empires
Head
36-38
Babylonian Empire
39a
Medio-Persia Empire
39b
Greek Empire
Legs
40
Roman Empire
Feet
41-43
Revived Roman Empire
Stone
44-45
The Theocratic Kingdom
Breast and
Arms
Belly and
Thighs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

The Interpretation Given by Daniel (2:36-45)
The Promotion of Daniel (2:46-49)
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 1:
Chapter 2: Nebuchadnezzars 1st Dream The Statue
The Golden Image (3:1-30)

1. Description of the Image (3:1)
2. Worship of the Image Demanded (3:27)

1. Description of the Image (3:1)
2. Worship of the Image Demanded
(3:2-7)
3. Worship of the Image Refused (3:818)

1.
2.
3.
4.
Description of the Image (3:1)

Worship of the Image Demanded (3:2-7)
Worship of the Image Refused (3:8-18)
Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego Saved
and Rewarded (3:19-30)

Those who threw the three Hebrew young men
into the fiery furnace died (3:22)
A fourth individual appears in the fiery furnace
(3:25)
The three Hebrew young men were miraculously
unharmed: no hair singed, trousers were not
damaged, and did not even smell like fire (3:27)

The king acknowledges the power of God
(3:28)
The king makes a new decree (3:29)

The three Hebrew men prosper in
Babylon (3:30)
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 1:
Chapter 3: The Fiery Furnace
The Second Dream of

Nebuchadnezzar (4:1-37)
1. The Dream Unknown (4:1-9)
2. The Dream Explained (4:11-18)
The Second Dream of

1. The Dream Unknown (4:1-9)
2. The Dream Explained (4:11-18)
3. The Dream Interpreted (4:19-27)
Dedication Inscription
Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, the
faithful prince appointed by the will of
Marduk, the highest of princely princes,
I laid the foundation of the gates
Upon the walls in the inner room of the
gate are bulls and dragons and thus I
magnificently adorned them with
luxurious splendor for all mankind to
behold in awe...
The Second Dream of

1.
2.
3.
4.
The Dream Unknown (4:1-9)

The Dream Explained (4:11-18)
The Dream Interpreted (4:19-27)
The Dream Fulfilled (4:28-37)
The palace from which he surveyed Babylon

was one of the citadels on the north side of the
city. It had large courts, reception rooms,
throne room, residences, and the famous
hanging gardens, a vaulted, terraced structure
with an elaborate water supply for its trees and
plants, apparently built by Nebuchadnezzar for
his Median queen. From the palace he would
see in the distance the city's 27km outer double
wall, which he had built
His palace stood just inside the double wall

of the inner city, which was punctuated by
eight gates and encircled an area 3km by 1km,
with the Euphrates running through it. The
palace adjoined a processional avenue that
Nebuchadnezzar had paved with limestone and
decorated with lion figures, emblematic of
Ishtar; this avenue entered the city through the
Ishtar Gate, which he had decorated with
dragons and bulls (emblems of Marduk and
Bel)
It continued south through the city to the

most important sacred precincts, to whose
beautifying and development Nebuchadnezzar
had contributed, the ziggurat crowned by a
temple of Marduk where the god's statue
resided. In Marduk's temple there were also
shrines to other gods, and in the city elsewhere
temples of other Babylonian gods, restored or
beautified by Nebuchadnezzar.
- Goldingay, Daniel, 89-90.
The Arrogance of
Nebuchadnezzar
I myself have builtby the might
of my power and for the glory of
my majesty?
The Proclamation of
Nebuchadnezzar (4:37)
Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise, exalt
and honor the King of heaven, for all
His works are true and His ways just,
and He is able to humble those who
walk in pride.
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 1:
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzars 2nd Dream The Tree
and the Stump
The Death of Nebuchadnezzar

Not recorded by Daniel
Belshazzar was the son of Nebuchadnezzar
(5:11)
Nabonidus Chronicle and Cylinder

Critical scholars at one time regarded
Belshazzar as a fictional character
The Archaeological discovery of the
Nabonidus Chronicle and Nabonidus Cylinder
proved them wrong!
Nabonidus Chronicle
This tablet forms part of a series,
and summarizes the principal events
of each year from the accession of
Nabonidus in 556 until the 530s BC.
The chronicle stresses that
Nabonidus was absent in Arabia for
much of his reignThe king spent
ten years in Arabia and left
Babylonia administered by his son,
Bel-shar-usur (Belshazzar of the Old
Testament).
Nabonidus Cylinder
This cylinder
located in the
British Museum,
ends with a prayer in
the name of
Nabonidus and his
son, Belshazzar.
Nabonidus Cylinder
As for me, Nabonidus, king
of Babylon, save me from
sinning against your great
godhead and grant me as a
present a life long of days,
and as for Belshazzar,
the eldest son - my offspring
- instill reverence for your
great godhead in his heart
and may he not commit any
cultic mistake, may he be
sated with a life of
plenitude.
The Feast of Belshazzar (5:1-31)

1. The Defilement of Temple Vessels (5:1-4)
2. The Handwriting on the Wall (5:5-12)
3. The Interpretation by Daniel (5:13-30)

MEN God has numbered your
kingdom
TEKL God has found you deficient
PERS God will divide your kingdom
and give it to the Medes and Persians

4. The Fulfillment of the Vision (5:30-31)
From human standards, Babylon was an
impregnable double-walled city with flowing
water and a 20-year food supply
It falls to the Medo-Persian Empire over night

external pressures.
Daniel and the Lions Den (6:1-28)

1. The Decree of Darius (6:1-9)
Who is Darius the Mede?

No extra-biblical information of a Darius the
Mede, son of Ahasuerus (cf. 9:1).
Critical scholars will say this is simply a
mistake, and confused Darius the Mede with
Darius the Great who lived 521-486 BC.

Donald Wiseman: Cyrus himself, under a different
name.
Baldwin, Bulman also hold to this view
Charles Boutflower: Cambyses, son of Cyrus.
Whitcomb: Gubaru, who Cyrus the Great placed
in charge of Babylonia after the collapse of
Babylon in October , 539BC.
Archer, Wood, Leuold, Albright, Wilson, Delitzsch
follow Whitcomb.
the book of Daniel is speaking of an entirely

different person, a subordinate of Cyrus the
Great, who was made king over the kingdom
of the Chaldeans (9:1, where the verb homlak,
was made king, is passive). This can be none
other than Gubaru, the man whom Cyrus made
to be governor over all of Babylonia, who is said
in the Nabonidus Chronicle to have
installed sub-governors in Babylon
Whitcomb, Daniel, 80.

To assume that Darius the Mede did not exist,
and so to dismiss the evidence provided by this
book, is high-handed and unwise, especially in
the light of its vindication in connection with
Belshazzar, who at one time was reckoned to a
fictional character.
-Baldwin, Daniel 24.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Decree of Darius (6:1-9)

The Refusal of Daniel (6:10-15)
The Penalty for Daniel (6:16-18)
The Protection of Daniel (6:19-23)
The Death of the Conspirators (6:24)
The Honor of Daniels God (6:25-27)

7. The success of Daniel under the Medio-Persian
Empire (6:28)
In his youth Daniel did not compromise his diet

(1:8)
In his old age Daniel did not compromise his
devotions (6:10)

external pressures.
II. The Visions of Daniel Concerning the

Nations (7:1-12:13)
A. The Vision of the Four Beasts (7:1-28)
1. The vision described (7:1-8)
Isaiah 17:12-13
Alas, the uproar of many peoples
Who roar like the roaring of the seas,
And the rumbling of nations
Who rush on like the rumbling of mighty waters!
The nations rumble on like the rumbling of many waters,
But He will rebuke them and they will flee far away,
And be chased like chaff in the mountains before the wind,
Or like whirling dust before a gale.
Revelation 17:15
And he said to me, The waters which you saw
where the harlot sits, are peoples and
multitudes and nations and tongues.
Symbol Verse
Further Description
Lion
7:4
wings like an eagle
Bear
7:5
raised on one side, three ribs in mouth
Leopard
7:5
four wings and four heads
Terrifying
7:6-8
Beast
iron teeth, ten horns, a little horn of

ten replacing three, eyes, boastful
mouth
The Vision of the Four Beasts (7:1-28)

1. The Vision Described (7:1-8)
2. The Son of Mans Appearance (7:9-14)
Revelation 1:14
His head and hair were white like wool, as
white as snow, and his eyes were like blazing
fire.
Revelation 20:12
And I saw the dead, great and small, standing
before the throne, and books were opened.
Another book was opened, which is the book of
life. The dead were judged according to what
they had done as recorded in the books.
The Vision of the Four Beasts (7:1-28)

2. The Son of Mans Appearance (7:9-14)
3. The Vision Interpreted (7:15-28)
Symbol Kingdom
Lion
Further Description
Winged lion was symbol of

Babylonian Babylonian Empire
MedioPersian
3 ribs = 3 empires (Egypt, Assyria,

Babylon)
Persians were stronger than Medes
Leopard
Greek
Alexander conquered with great

speed
4 heads = 4 generals, 4 kingdoms
Terrifying
Beast
Roman
--
Bear
Alexanders Four Generals

Lysimachus- Thrace and Bithnynia
Cassander Macedonia and Greece
Ptolemy Egypt, Palestine
Seleucus Syria, Babylonia, and eastern
territories
Symbol Kingdom
Lion
Further Description
Winged lion was symbol of

Babylonian Babylonian Empire
MedioPersian
3 ribs = 3 empires (Egypt, Assyria,

Babylon)
Medes were stronger than Persians
Leopard
Greek
Alexander conquered with great

speed
4 heads = 4 generals, 4 kingdoms
Terrifying
Beast
Roman
--
Bear
. . . the Roman empire was

ruthless in its destruction of
civilizations and peoples, killing
captives by the thousands and
selling them into slavery by the
hundreds of thousands.
- Walvoord, Daniel, 318.
Symbol Verse
Referent
10 horns
7:24a
10 kings / kingdoms
(Rev. 17:12-13)
Little horn
7:24b
A king: the Antichrist
3 horns
7:24c
3 kings who resist the

Antichrists power
Boastful
mouth
7:25
Speaking against the Most High
Daniel 2
Daniel 7
Statue
Four Beasts
Given to Neb.
Given to Daniel
4 kingdoms +1
4 kingdoms +1
1 man + a stone
4 beasts + Son of Man
General
Detailed
Daniel interpreted
An Angel interpreted
The Vision of the Ram, Goat, and

Little Horn (8:1-27)
Symbol Verses
Referent
Ram
8:3-4
Two horns
One horn higher than the other
Goat
8:5-6
Strikes the ram
8:7-8
The horn is broken

Four additional horns surface
in its place
Horn of
the Goat
The Vision of the Ram, Goat, and

Little Horn (8:1-27)
2. The Vision Interpreted (8:15-28)
Symbol
Verses
Referent
Ram
8:3-4
Medio-Persian Empire
Goat
8:5-6
Greek Empire
Horn of the
8:7-8
Goat
Breaking of the
8:8
horn
Four surfacing
8:8
horns
Alexander the Great

Death of Alexander the Great
Alexanders four generals who

divide the Empire into four regions
Alexanders Four Generals

Lysimachus- Thrace and Bithnynia
Cassander Macedonia and Greece
Ptolemy Egypt, Palestine
Seleucus Syria, Babylonia, and eastern
territories
The Little Horn 8:9-14

Antiochus Epiphanes
8th King of the Seleucid dynasty (ruled Syria)
Military Campaigns South and East of Syria
the beautiful - Palestine

external pressures.
Daniel 2
Metals
Daniel 7
Animals
Daniel 8
Animals
Nations
Gold
Winged lion
--
Babylon
Silver
Unbalanced
bear
Ram
MedioPersia
Bonze
Winged leopard
Goat
Greece
Iron, Iron and

clay
Unique beast
--
Rome
The Seventy Heptads (9:1-27)

1. Daniels Realization (9:1-2)
Rest for the Land

The Babylonian captivity was to be
70 years long because the Jewish
people had failed to honor Gods
th
command of every 7 year to give
the land rest and not to plant
crops. This occurred for 490 years.
Now while 538 might be three or four years short of

the full seventy, it was not too soon for Daniel to
begin praying (v.3). In view of the recent collapse
of the Chaldean Empire and the benevolent
attitude of Cyrus the Great toward the religious
preferences of his newly conquered subjects,
Daniel was moved to claim the promise implied by
the number seventy in the Jeremiah passages he
had just read.
Gleason Archer, Daniel, 107.

2. Daniels Prayer (9:3-19)
Outline of Daniels Prayer

I.
An Acknowledgment of Gods lovingkindness (4b)
II. A confession of Israels corporate sins (5-6)

III. Gods faithfulness juxtaposed to Israels
unfaithfulness (7-11a)
IV. Gods righteous judgment upon Israel for her
infidelity (11b-14)
V. Daniels prayer of mercy on behalf of his people
(15-19)
ds6h6 (Hesed)
steadfast, unfailing love and complete
loyalty

I.

infidelity (11b-14)
(15-19)
List of Corporate Sins Confessed by Daniel

1. we sinned
2. we did wrong
3. we were wicked
4. we rebelled
5. and abandoned your commandments

I.

infidelity (11b-14)
(15-19)

2. Daniels Prayer (9:3-19)
3. Daniels Receives an Answer (9:20-23)
Daniel has not been asking for insight

and understanding so much as for
mercy and forgiveness. What he is
about to get is an indirect answer to
that request in the form of an assurance
about the concerns that triggered the
prayer in the first place, namely the
desolation of Jerusalem and the
promise of the seventy-year limit (v.2).
-Irwin and Meadowcroft, The Prophecy of Daniel,
190.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Daniels Realization (9:1-2)

Daniels Prayer (9:3-19)
Daniels Receives an Answer (9:20-23)
Daniels 70 Heptads (9:24-27)
What is a heptad?
Heptad comes from the Hebrew noun
( shavuim) and can literally be
translated sevens, but some versions
cause confusion by translating it
weeks. To avoid confusion, it is better
to refer to it using the technical term
heptad.
What is a heptad?
This Hebrew noun heptad is recorded
20 times in the Old Testament, and is
used to speak of seven periods of time,
either: 7 days, 7 weeks, 7 months, or 7
years. So, which is it? Context dictates
that the divine author had 7 years in
mind, as most scholars agree.
70 Heptads
Heptad = 7 years
70 X 7 years = 490 years
Daniels 70 Heptads
1. A Literal Interpretation Required (9:2)
2. An Overview of the 70 Heptads (9:24)

3. The First 69 Heptads (9:25)
4. The Events Between the 69th and 70th Heptad (9:26)
5. The 70th Heptad (9:27)
Reasons for the 70 Heptads (9:24b)
Negative
Positive
1. To finish the
transgressions
1. To bring in
righteousness
2. To seal the sins
2. To seal up the vision
3. To pay for iniquity
3. To anoint the holy
Gods Program for Israel

The Kingdom of
Israel
Babylonian
Captivity
70 X 7=490 years
70 years
Future Predicted
Judgment
70 X 7=490
years
Isaiah had
prophesied that . . .
Cyrus would be the
king that would free
God's people (Isa.
45:1-13)
Ezra 1:1 In the first year of Cyrus King of
Persiamade a proclamation throughout all

his kingdom and put it in writing.
Rise to Power
Decrees and Reforms
Including the decree allowing
peoples formerly deported to

return to their homes. (Ezra 1:13; 6:3-5; 2 Chr. 36:23)
Ezra 1:1 In the first year of Cyrus King of
Persiamade a proclamation throughout all

his kingdom and put it in writing.
Date
Ruler
539
Cyrus
519
Darius
Reference
Project
Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; Temple
Ezra 5:3-6:12
Temple
458/457 Artaxerxes
Ezra 7:11-26
Temple
445/444 Artaxerxes
Neh. 2:1-8
Walls
Criteria for Selecting Decree

1. The words plaza and moat indicate that
the rebuilding of defenses are in mind, i.e.
walls, etc. (9:25).
2. This rebuilding was done during distress
(9:25).
3. The end of the 69 weeks or 483 years must
end with the entrance of the Messiah
(9:26).
Date
Ruler
539
Cyrus
NO
NO
519
Darius
NO
NO
458/457 Artaxerxes
NO
NO
445/444 Artaxerxes
YES
YES
YES
Event
Jewish
Roman
Year
Xerxes Dies
--
Dec. 17
465
Artaxerxes reign
Nisan
Dec. 17
464-463
Neh. receives report
Chislev
Nov/Dec
445
Artaxerxes Decree
Nisan
March/Apr
444
Daniels 70 Heptads (Dan 9:24-27)

Artaxerxes
Decree 444 BC
Dan 9:25a
Neh 2:7-8
Entrance of
Messiah
April 3, AD 33
Dan 9:25b
69 Heptads
Daniel 9:25
483 years
-----------------------------------70 Heptads Daniel 9:24 ---------------------------------

Artaxerxes
Decree 444 BC
Dan 9:25a
Neh 2:7-8
69 Heptads
Daniel 9:25
483 years
Entrance of
Messiah
April 3, AD 33
Dan 9:25b
Events of
Dan 9:26
------------ 70th Heptad-----
unknown amount of years
-----------------------------------70 Heptads Daniel 9:24 ---------------------------------
Events Between
th
69
and
th
70
Heptad
1. The anointed one is cut off

2. The people of the leader will destroy the city
3. The people of the leader will destroy the sanctuary
4. The end of the people will come like a flood
5. Everything will remain desolate
Events Between
th
69
and
th
70
Heptad
1. The anointed one is cut off

2. The people of the leader will destroy the city
3. The people of the leader will destroy the sanctuary
4. The end of the people will come like a flood
5. Everything will remain desolate

Artaxerxes
Decree 444 BC
Dan 9:25a
Neh 2:7-8
69 Heptads
Daniel 9:25
483 years
Entrance of
Messiah
April 3, AD 33
Dan 9:25b
Events of
Dan 9:26
------------ 70th Heptad-----
7 years
-----------------------------------70 Heptads Daniel 9:24 ---------------------------------
Peace Treaty
His agreement probably entails a promise of
protection in return for certain favors (likely
including those of an economic nature). It is easy to
understand why Israel would enter into such an
arrangement with the powerful forces of the
Antichrist. With such protection Israel will feel safe
and secure.
Miller, Daniel, 271.

Artaxerxes
Decree 444 BC
Dan 9:25a
Neh 2:7-8
Entrance of
Messiah
April 3, AD 33
Dan 9:25b
Abomination
of Desolation
Daniel 9:27b
69 Heptads
Daniel 9:25
483 years
Events of
Dan 9:26
3 v
3 v
th
------------ 70 Heptad-----
7 years
-----------------------------------70 Heptads Daniel 9:24 ---------------------------------
Confirmation of the Covenant

Daniel 9:27a
Artaxerxes
Decree 444 BC
Dan 9:25a
Neh 2:7-8
2nd Advent
Rev 19
Entrance of
Messiah
April 3, AD 33
Dan 9:25b
Rapture
1 Thes 4:13-18
Abomination
of Desolation
Daniel 9:27b
Eph 3:6
69 Heptads
Daniel 9:25
Events of
Dan 9:26
2 Thess
2:3
------------
70th
3 v
Heptad----3 v
-----------------------------------70 Heptads Daniel 9:24 ---------------------------------
Confirmation of the Covenant

Daniel 9:27a
Millennium
Rev 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Daniels 70th Week (Dan. 9)

The Great Day of His Wrath (Rev. 6:17; Zeph. 1:15)
Time of Jacobs Trouble (Jer. 30:7)
The Great Tribulation (Rev. 7:14)
Day of Distress (Zeph. 1:15)
Day of Trouble (Zeph. 1:15)
Day of Desolation (Zeph. 1:15)
Day of Darkness (Amos 5:18)
Day of Clouds (Zeph. 1:15)
Day of Judgment (Matt. 10:15; 2 Peter 3:7)
Hour of Trial (Rev. 3:10)
Hour of His Judgment (Rev. 14:7)
3 Events that Precede the Day

of the Lord
1. the restrainer is removed
2. the lawless one is revealed
3. the apostasy occurs
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 1:
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzars 2nd Dream The Tree
and the Stump
Chapter 5: Belshazzars Feast
Chapter 6: Daniel and the Lions Den
The Book of Daniel

Chapter 7: The Vision of the Four Beasts
Chapter 8: The Vision of the Ram, Goat, and Little Horn
Chapter 9: Daniels 70 Heptads
Chapter 10: The Final Vision of the Nations
The Final Vision (10:1-12:13)

1.
2.
3.
4.
The Background (10:1-4)

The Vision Described (10:5-9)
Daniel Comforted (10:10-21)
The Events Described (11:1-12:13)

a. Four Persian Kings (11:1-2)
b. Alexander the Great (334-323) (11:3)
Lysimachus
Cassander
Ptolemy
Seleucus

c) Power struggles between the
Ptolemy (Kings of the South
Egypt) and Seleucid (Kings of the
North - Syria) Dynasties (11:10-20)

d) Antiochus Epiphanes (11:21-35)
Antiochus Epiphanes (11:21-35)

He named himself Epiphanes short
for Theos Epiphanes the God
made manifest
He was nicknamed by contempories
Epimanes madman

Antiochus Epiphanes
Not only did he stop the daily sacrifices from
being performed, he burned copies of the
law, did away with Jewish festivals (1 Macc.
1:44-54), and worst of all he desecrated the
temple by erecting an altar to Zeus on the
altar of burnt offering (2 Macc. 6:2), and
sacrificed a pig on the alter. The Jews called
this the abomination that caused
desolation.
Antiochus Epiphanes
Antiochus deceives many with his
smooth words. However, others display
strength and take action. This strength
and action certainly refers to the
Maccabean revolt also called the
Hasmonean Wars. (11:32)
Hasmoneans
The Hasmoneans were a priestly family who were
angered by the desecration of temple. The revolt
was led by Mattathias, a priest, and his five sons.
And Mattathias cried throughout the city with a

loud voice, saying, Whosoever is zealous of the
law, and maintaineth the covenant, let him follow
me. 28 So he and his sons fled into the mountains,
and left all that ever they had in the city.
Hasmoneans
One of his sons, Judas Maccabeus, meaning
the hammer killed Antiochuss general in
battle and freed the Jewish people.
Judas is also credited with cleansing the
temple in 165 BC.
Hasmoneans
Hannukah commemorates the Maccabean
revolt, cleansing, and rededication of the
temple.
Daniel speaks of the end-time is still to

come, providing a clue that the verses to
come are in the distant, not immediate future
of the time of the writing.

e) The Antichrist (11:36-45)
f) The time of Jacobs Trouble (12:113)
Days of Daniel 12
30 days
before the
exact midpoint
1260 days
The Great Tribulation
45 days in
Millennium

external pressures.

Daniel PP Weaver 2016

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