a g r e s i a

samyaro jer kidev gajerebulia omebiT,terorozmiT,mkvlelobebiT,adamianebis

gatacebebiT, bavSvebis dasjiT da a.S. iseTi STabeWdileba SeiZleba dagvrCes, rom
agresia socialyri cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. Tundac, rom aviciloT agresiis
zemoT CamoTvlili formebi, agresias mainc ganvicdiT sxva konteqstSi, romelic
marTlac adamianis bunebriv mdgomareobas warmoadgens. iSviaTia adamiani,romelsac
ar ganucdia kritika, dacinva,Ear miuRia SeniSvna, an ar daukargavs moTmineba
sxvisgan gaRizianebuls.
statistika SemaSfoTebel monacemebs iZleva msoflioSi Zaladobis msxverplis
raodemobis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT mZime aRmoCnda am mxriv mdgomareoba SeerTebul
StatebSi. statistikuri monacemebiT, mZime danaSaulis raodenobis mixedviT
(mkvlelobebi, gaupatiureba da a.S.) SeerTebuli Statebi pirvel adgilze aRmoCnda
msoflioSi. socialuri mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi gvTavazoben imis axsnas Tu
ram gansazRvra agresiis aseTi maRali done SeerTebul StatebSi. miuTiTeben, rom:
SeerTebuli StatebisTvis, sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT, damaxasiaTebelia ekonomikuri
resursebis araTanabari ganawileba.varaudoben,rom rodesac qveyanaSi arsebobs
jgufebs Soris mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri gansxvavebebi mkvlelobebis statistika
izrdeba; rom, Tavisi specifikis gamo. SeerTebuli Statebi gamoirCeva socialuri
integraciis dabali doniT. laparakia imaze,rom qveyanaSi arsebobs mravali
eTnikuri da enobrivi jgufebi, rac miaCniaT, rom qmnis socialur ara mdgradobas;
rom, amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos mosaxleobis asakobrivi ganawileba. varaudoben, rom
qveyanaSi,sadac maRalia 15 dan 29 wlamde asakis adamianebis procentuli maCvenebeli,
didi iqneba Zaladobis da mkvlelobebis raodenoba. SeerTebuli Statebi swored
aseT qveyanas warmoadgens; miaCniaT agreTve, rom qveyanaSi sadc arsebobs
oficialured sanqcirebuli Zaladoba, mkvlelobebis statistika maRali iqneba.
sanqcirebul ZaladobaSi gulisxmoben omebSi monawileobas da daSvebulia Tu ara
kanoniT sikvdiliT dasja. SeerTebul StatebSi orive es faqtori arsebobs; da
bolos,
ar
gamoricxaven
cecxlsasroli
iaraRis
mosaxleobisaTvis
xelmisawvdomobis. mniSvnelobas rac Seerebul StatebSi did siZneles ar
warmoadgens.
rom gadavxedoT kacobriobis istorias, rac amave dros civilizaciis
ganviTarebis istoras warmoadgens,.davinaxavT, rom is warmoadgens mudmivi omebisa
da winaaRmdegobebis istorias, sadc
adamianTa erTi jgufi
daundoblad
anadgurebda adamianTa meore jgufs. marTalia omebs Soris iyo mSvidobiani
cxovrebis wlebi, iqmneboda civilizaciis Sedevrebi. miuxedavad aseTi bednieri
wuTebisa,saerTo jamSi adamianebi sakmaod agresiulad gamoiyurebian. miuTiTeben,
rom cxovelTa samyaroSi adamianebi ganviTarebis umaRles doneze myofi
cxovelebi- gansakuTrebiT gamoirCevian TavianTi agresiulobiT. TiTqmis arc erTi
saxeoba, iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, ase Tanmimdevrulad ar xocavs Tavisive
modgmis arsebas, rogorc amas akeTebs adamiani. yovelive amis gamo, gasagebia is
didi
interesi
romelsac
iCenen
mecnierebi
agresiis
fenomenis
mimarT.
gansakuTrebulia am sakiTxisadmi socialuri fsiqologiis interesi.
definiciiT,
socialuri
fsiqologia
Seiswavlis
adamianis
socialur
aqtiobas,rac erTi adamianis an adamianTa jgufis meore adamianze an adamianTa
jgufze gavlenas gulisxmobs. agresiis ukiduresi forma Tavisive modgmis
individis fizikuri ganedgureba SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc socialuri
gavlena maqsimaluri xarisxiT. amdenad, agresiis mecnieruli Seswavla socialuri

fsiqologiis erTerT
ZiriTad sakiTxs warmoadgens. socialuri fsiqologia
miznad isaxavs gaigos agresiis buneba, aris Tu ara is adamianisTvis Tandsyolili
Tavisebureba adamianis bunebis ganuyofeli nawili, SeiZlleba Tu ara agresiis
modificireba da rogoria is socialuri da situaciuri faqtorebi, romlebic
zrdian an amcireben agresiis gamovlenis albaTobas.
agresiis definicia.
saRi azris doneze TiTqosda naTelia Ty ra igulisxmeba agresiis cnebaSi,magram
cnebis doneze misi definicia arc Tu iseTi ioli aRmoCnda. siZneles qmnis is
mdgomareoba, rom termini agresia mraval gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas aerTianebs.
agresiad iTvleba maniakis mier ganxorcelebuli mkvlelobebic da kalaTburTelis
mier ganxorcielebuli TamaSis stilic. meuRlis uyuradRebobiT gabutuli qmris
Cumi protestic pasiur agresiad iTvleba da a.S. arsebobs e.w. uwyinari qcevebi,
romlebic aseve agresiis kategoriaSi moiazrebian. Sesabamsad, rom naTeli iyos
agresiis gageba, agresiis cnebam unda moicvas yvela es gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba,
amasTan saWiro gaxda, am yoveldRiur terminologiur sirTuleSi garkveva da
pirvel rigSi kalaTburTelis TamaSis agresiuli stilis gansxvaveba destruqciuli
aqtiobisagan. erTi sityviT, saWiro gaxda sxvisTzianis momtani aqtiobis gamijvna
aqtiobisagan, romelsac sxvisTvis ziani ar moaqvs. am mizniT bihevioristuli
orientaciis fsiqologiurma Teoriebma SemogvTavazes Semdego definicia
agresiulia qceva romelic vnebas ayenebs an miayenebs sxvas. am definiciis
upiratesobaa is, rom qceva TviTon gansazRravs garkveuli aqtioba aris Tu ara
agresiuli. saWiroa ubralod dadgena iyo Tu ara aqtioba vnebis momtani. Tu
aqtioba iwvevs an gamoiwvevs tkivils an raime saxis zians, is agresiulia.
magram, mxolod aseTi gamijvna ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi, radgan mxolod qcevis
Sedegebze miTiTeba arafers ambobs qcevis ganzraxvaze, rac mniSvnelovania agresiis
bunebis gasagebad. Tu individi ar cdilobs vneba miayenos sxvas da uneblied ziani
miayena, is ar ganixileba rogorc agresia. gansazRvra imisa aris Tu ara aqtioba
agresiuli, ar aris damokidebuli mxolod dakvirvebad qcevaze. amitom ufro
miRebulia agresiis definicia rogorc qceva an ganzraxva qcevisa romelic vnebas
miayenebs sxvas.
garda amisa, mkvlevarebi erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaveben Tandayolil da
instrumentalur agresias. e.i. agresias sadac agresia TviTmizans warmoadgens
ganasxvaveben agresiisagan, romelic instruments warmoadgens garkveuli miznis
misaRwevad. mag. roca kalaTburTeli Tavisi agresiulistliT aRwevs garkveul
mizans, misi agresiuloba ganixileba rogorc instrumentaluri. magram, Tu misi
agresia mimarTulia iqiTken, rom amiT Suri iZios mowinaaRmdegis kargi teqnikuri
ileTiT misi motyuebisaTvis, es ukve mtruli agresiaa. agresia amSemTxvevaSi
TviTmizani xdeba.
arCeven agreTve antisocialur da prosocialur agresias. saqme isaa,rom agresia
yovelTvis ar ganixileba rogorc miuRebeli, cudi. mag. policieli, romelic Tavisi
agresiuli qceviT uvnebelyufs terorists an xuligans, amiT icavs socialur
normebs. misi agresiuloba ganixileba rogorc prosocialuri. maSin roca,
teroristi, romelsac mZevlebi yavs ayvanili, an xuligani, romelic quCaSi deboSs
awyobs, arRvevs sociakur normebs da maTi qceva ganixileba rogorc antisocialuri.

agresiis wyaroebi
dgeba sakiTxi, ratomaa adamiani agresiuli? ratom SeuZlia adamians iyos aseTi
sastiki Tavisive modgmis mimarT? es sakiTxi yovelTvis iyo Aadamianebis gansjis
sagani. gamoiTqva mravali mosazreba, xSirad urTierT sawinaaRmdegoc. am azrTa
sxvadasxvaobaSi mainc moxerxda amxsneli Teoriebis klasifikacia da gamoiyo
agresiulobis sami bazisuri wyaro: 1. Sinagani determinantebi; 2. garegani pirobebiT
aRZruli miTxovnileba; da 3. arsebuli socialuri piroba, mimatebuli adrindeli
SeZenili gamocdileba.
agresia rogorc Sinagani tendecia.
fsiqologebi, fiziologebi, eTologebi, filosofosebi didi xania daoben imaze
agresiuloba aris Tandayolili fenomeni Tu SeZenilia gamocdilebiT. kamaTi
dResac grZeldeba. sakiTxi exeba imas adamiani Tavisi bunebiT aris keTili Tu
boroti. jer kidev Jan Jak ruso Tvlida, rom adamianebi TavianTi bunebrivi
mdgomareoboT arian keTilebi, magram sazogadoeba Tavisi akrZalvebiT Tavs axvevs
maT agresias da codvebs. amis sawinaaRmdegod, Camoyalibda Teoriebi, sadac uxeSoba
da agresiuloba adamianis bunebriv mdgomareobadaa miCneuli, xolo sazogadoeba
Tavisi kanonebiT da wesebiT axdens adamianis instinqturi agresiulobis moTokvas,
mis sublimirebas. aseT cnobil instinqt Teorias warmoadgens froidis
fsiqoanalizuri Teoria, lorencis Teoria da makdaugolis fsiqologiuri Teoria.
z.froidis azriT adamianis safuZvlebSi davs ori bazisuri instinqti erosi da
Tanatosi sicocxlis da sikvdilis instinqti. misi azriT agresiulobis
safuZvlebi sikvdilis instinqtSi unda veZeboT. roca sikvdilis instinqti
mimarTulia SigniT, is vlindeba TviT-dasjis, TviT-darRvevis formiT, romlis
ukiduresi gamoxatuleba TviTmkvlelobaa. roca erosis gavleniT sikvdilis
instinqti mimarTulia gareT, is vlindeba sxvebisadmi mtrobis, sxvaTa mkvlelobis
formiT.
froids miaCnia, rom agresiis energia raRac formiT unda gamovlindes, anu unda
moxdes misi gantvirTva, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi moxdeba misi dagroveba, ramac
SeiZleba gamoiwvios mTeli rigi fsiqikuri darRvevebi. amitom mis Teorias uwodeben
agresiis hidravlikur Teorias, romelic daxurul qvabSi duRilis msgavsad
moqmedebs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu agresias ar mieca gamovlenis saSualeba, adre
Tu gvian afeTqdeba. Sesabamisad, froidis azriT sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani
funqcia mdgomareobs imaSi rom moaxdinoa am energiis regulireba, daexmaros
adamians moaxdinos am energiis sublimireba, damangreveli energia mimarTos
sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo qcevis ganxorcielebisaken.
zogierTi mecnieri ufro Sors midis da agresiis e.w. instinqt Teorias ufro
ukiduresi formiT gvTavazobs. isini uSveben, rom adamiani ara marto mkvlelia,
aramed misTvis damaxasiaTebelia uazro damarRveveli ltolva da amaSi is
unikaluria, radgan amis analogi cxovelTa samyaroSi ar arsebobs. laparakia imaze,
rom mxolod adamiani klavs Tavisive modgmis arsebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom am
midgomas ara aqvs myari eqsperimentuli safuZvlebi.
saerTod Znelia, Tu ara SeuZlebeli, SevafasoT movlenis instinqtis terminebiT
axsna. rom araferi vTqvaT imaze rom instinqtiT mavlenis axsna tavtologiadaa
CaTvlili, SeuZlebelia misi marTebulobis eqsperimentuli Semiwmeba. adamianSi
agresiulobis impulsebis Tandayoliloba rom experimentulad davasabuToT
saWiroa adamianis srul izolaciaSi yofna, adamiani dabadebidan zrdasrulobamde

vamyofoT srul izolaciaSi, ise rom gamovricxoT yovelgvari gare stimuli. amis
gakeTeba ki SeuZlebelia rogorc teqnikuri ise eTikuri TvalsazrisiT. romc
moxerxdes adamianis aseTi sruli izolacia, es imdenad xelovnuri situacia
iqneba,rom Sedegebidan raime konkretuli daskvnis gakeTeba SeuZlebeli iqneba.
gasagebia, rom agresiis fenomenis Seswavlisas, faqtebis umravlesoba miRebulia
cxovelebze Catarebuli dakvirvebebidan da eqsperimentebidan. cxovelebi bevrs
Cxuboben sakvebisTvis, teritoriisTvis. daicvan TavianTi patarebi da a.S. magram
cxovelebis aseTi qcevebis Sefasebisas siZnele mdgomareobs imaSi, rom agresiis
Cvens mier miRebuli definicia, mravali qcevisaTvis ar aRmoCndeba adeqvaturi. mag.,
roca lomi Tavs esxmis zebras, ra impulsi amoZravebs mas? is Tavs esxmis zebras
imitom rom gabrazebulia Tu imitom rom Sia? aRmZravi impulsia agresiulobis
impulsia Tu SimSili? igive problema dgeba roca sakiTxi exeba cxovelis mier
Tavisive saxeobis warmomadgenlis mimarT ganxorcielebuli agresiuli qcevis
axsnas. erTidaigive saxeobis cxoelebi erTmaneTSi Cxuboben teri-toriisTvis,
mdedrisTvis. mdedrisTvis brZola motivirebulia seqsualuri moTxovnilebiT da
ara agresiulobiT. SedarebiT rTulia dominirebisTvis brZolis fenomeni. masSi
SeiZleba CarTuli iyos rogorc sqesis ise SimSilis moTxovnileba, radgan 1.
dominirebuli mamri Cveulebriv irCevs rogorc mdedrs ise sakvebis sasurvel wils.
2. dominantobis demonstrireba maT aacilebs momavalSi brZolis aucileblobas.
cxovelebi
dominantobisaTvis
ibrZvian
mxolod
erTxel,raTa
Camoayalibon
poziciebi
da
SemdgomisTvis
ganaxorcielon
mSvidobiani
Tanaarseboba.
3.
dominantobis Camiyalibeba xels uwyobs agreTve jgufis dacvas, radgan is
gsnsazRravs Tu romelma cxovelma ra roli unda iTameSos Tavdacvisas. amdenad
dominantobisTvis brZola emsaxureba mraval mizans da ar SeiZleba misi axsna
agresiulobis instinqtiT.
uamravi kvleva mieZRvna sakiTxs arsebobs Tu ara agresiulobis impulsi. unda
aRiniSnos, rom Sedegebi erTmniSvnelovani pasuxis SesaZleblobas ar iZleva. mag.
erTerT eqsperimentSi kata da Tagvi gazardes erTad, erT galiaSi. garda imisa rom
aseT situaciaSi kata da Tagvi sakmaod kargad TamaSobdnen erTmaneTTan da kata
araviTar agresias ar amJRavnebda am Tagvis mimarT, kata araviTar agresias ar
amJRavnebda sxva Tagvebis mimarTac. aRiniSna, rom es eqsperimenti ubralod
aCvenebda, rom garkveul pirobebSi SeiZleba CavaqroT agresiulobis impulsi. magram
aseve eqsperimentulad dadasturda, rom Tgvi romeklic absolutur izolaciaSi
gazardes, ise rom ar hqonia Tavisive saxeobis sxva warmomadgenelTan urTierTobis
an Cxubis gamocdileba, amJRavnebda gamokveTil agresiul reaqcias galiaSi ucxo
Tagvis gamoCenisas, ise rogorc amas akeTeben Tagvebi Cveulebriv situaciaSi.
amrigad Cvens mier ganxiluli pirveli eqsperimenti aCvenebda, rom garkveuli
pirobebis SeqmniT SeiZleba agresiuli Qqcevis modificireba. xolo meore
eqsperimenti amtkicebs, rom agresiuloba daswavlas ar saWiroebs.
rogorc mkvlevarebi miuTiTebe, am sakiTxTan dakvSirebuli kvlevis Sedegebidan
ar gamomdinereobs, rom agresiuloba aucileblad instinqturia. agresiulobis
instinqturoba rom dadasturdes saWiro dadasturdes fiziologiuri impulsebis
arseboba, romlebic iwveven agresias. gamomdinare aqeda askvnian, rom ar arsebobs
moCxubarobis (agresiis) Tandayolili moTxovnileba. es daskvna ewinaaRmdegeba
instinqtis froidiseyl gagebas, romelic uSvebs agresiulobis
instinqtis
(Tanatosi) arsebobas.
am davaSi CaerTo kondrat lorenci (eTologiis fuZemdebeli, nobelis premiis
laureati). lorenci akvariumSi akvirdeboda tropikuli Tevzebis erTerTi saxeobis

qcevas,
romelic
gamoirCeva
agresiulibiT.
Tevzebis
am
saxeobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia is, rom mamri Tavs esxmis Tavisive saxeobis mamrebs. cnobilia, rom
sadac es Tevzebi bunebriv situaciaSi cxovroben sxva saxeobis Tevzebi ar arian.
amasTan mdedrebi ar esxmian mdedrebs. lorenci awarmoebda dakvirvebas am Tevzebis
qcevaze roca akvariumSi datova mxolod erTi mamri da dedali Tevzebi. instinqtis
hidravlikuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, aseT situaciaSi, sadac ar arsebobda mamrisTvis
e.w. sparing-partniori, agresiulobis moTxovnileba TandaTanobiT unda gaizardos
im donemde,rom Seutios mdedrs. swored ase moxda. mamrma ieriSi miitana mdedrebze,
romelic Cveulebriv pirobebSi ar warmoadgens misi Tavdasxmis obieqts. metic roca
akvariumidan amoiyvana mdedrebic da mxolod erTi wyvili mamri da mdedri datova
mamrma ieriSi miitana mdedrze.
leonard berkovics, adamianuri agresiis erTerT wamyvan specialists,
miaCnia,rom adamiani arsebiTad imiT gansxvavdeba araadamianuri arsebisagan, rom
adamianis agresiaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs daswavla. misi azriT, adamianur
doneze agresia warmoadgens Tandayolili midrekilebebis da daswavlili
reaqciebis urTierTqmedebis rTul funqcias.
ganviTarebis
evoluciuri
Teoriis
mimdevrebma
Camoayalibes
axali
mecnierebae.w.sociobiologia, riTac safuZveli Cauyares lorencis instinqt Teorias
da gansxvavebul biologiur ideebs. sociobiologebi amtkiceben, rom socialuri
qcevis yvela aspeqti, maT Soris agresia, SeiZleba aixsnas evoluciuri Teoriis
poziciebidan. rom radgan agresia mamrebs exmareba sasurveli miznis miRwevaSi,
daeuflos mdedrs da aseve mdedrebs exmareba daicvan TavianTi naSierebi, agresiis
am formebze srulad vrceldeba cnobili bunebrivi SerCevis principi.
socialuri fsiqologiis mraveli warmomadgeneli eTanxmeba sociobiologiis aq
warmodgenil mosazrebas, magram zogierTi mainc varaudobs, rom aseTi midgoma ver
mogvaems srul suraTs adqmianuri agresiis mizezebis Sesaxeb. miaCniaT, rom
adamianuri agresia bevrad ufro rTuli fenomenia, da xSirad gansxvavebuli
socialuri konteqstis gavlenas ganecdis. amitom askvnian, rom sociobiologiuri
midgoma ver mogvcems adamianuri agresiis srul gagebas.
ra Tqma unda es ar niSnavs imas, rom biologia umniSvnelo rols TamaSobs
adamianuri agresiis gagebaSi. dadasturebulad iTvleba, rom fizikur agresiaze
gavlenas axdens mamakacis seqsualuri hormoni testosteroni. gavlenas axdens
agreTve sisxlSi Saqris raodenoba da a.S. mtkicdeba agreTve genetikuri
faqtoregbis mniSvneloba.
miuxedavad imisa, rogoric ar unda iyos agresiis genetikuri da bioqimiuri
wanamZRvrebi, aSkaraa, rom adamianebis agresiis gamovlenis formebze, pirvel rigSi,
gavlenas axdens socialuri faqtorebi.

agresia rogorc garemopirobebiT gamowveuli moTxovnileba ziani miayeno sxvas

idea, rom agresiuloba CaSenebulia adamianis bunebaSi, sakmaod popularulia.
Tumca mraveli evocialuri orientaciis fsiqologi, uaryofs agresiis instinqtis
cnebiT axsnas. maTi azriT saerTod movlenis instinqtebiT axsna ar aris
mecnieruli. miuTiTeben, rom instinqt Teoriis warmomadgenlebi iwyeben imis
miTiTebiT, rom agresia aris adamianuri qcevis garkveuli forma. am dakvirvebadi

faqtis safuZvelze varaudoben, rom aseTi qceva unda momdinareobdes universaluri,

adamianis bunebaSi CaSenebuli ltolvebidan an tendeciebidan. bolos Ria qcevebs
iyeneben rogorc am impulsebis ane instinqtebis arsebobis mxardamWer faqtebs.
rogorc vxedavT logika, marTlac Zalian saeWoa. Sedegi mizeziTaa axsnili da
mizezi SedegiTaa dasabuTebuli. tavtologia axsnsSi. swored amitom da iqidan rac
gamomdinareobs instinqt-Teoriuli midgomidan , socialur fsiqologebs tendencia
aqvT upiratesoba mianiWon sawinaaRmdego mosazrebas, romelic emyareba rwmenas, rom
agresia momdinareobs garemopirobebiT ganpirobebuli moTxovnilebidan ziani
miayeno an awyenino sxvas. es midgoma aisaxa gansxvavebul e.w.draiv TeoribSi (
berkoviCi, feSbaxi da sxvebi). am midgomis warmomadgenlebi varaudoben, rom
garkveuli garemo pirobebi (mag. frustracia, saxis dakargva) warmoSobs Zlier
motivs ganaxorcielo zianis momtani qceva. aseT agresiul moTxovnilebas
(daraivs)Tavis mxriv mivyevarT sxvebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul Ria qcevamde. aRniSnuli
midgoma cnobilia rogorc frustracia-agresiis hipoTeza. am midgomis Tanaxmad,
frustracias mivyevarT moTxovnilebis aRZvramde romlis mizania ziani miayeno
garkveul adamians an obieqts. moTxovnilebis impuls, Tavis mxriv mivyevarT
garkveul samizneze gansakuTrebiT frustraciis wyaroze- Tavdasxmamde.
radgan, Teoria uSvebs, rom garegani piribebi da ara Sinagani tendenciebia
kritikuli,
am
midgomis
Tanaxmad,
agresiuli
qcevis
acileba
principSi
SesaZlebelia. amdenad agresiis e.w. draiv Teoria ramdenadme ufro optimtsturi
Cans. agresia am TeoriaSi ganxilulia, rogorc reaqcia, rogorc negatiuri afeqti,
arakeTilsasurvel movlenebze.
marTlac, Tu gavixsenegT SemTxvevas roca moviqeciT agresiulad sxvis
winaaRmdeg, ar gagviWirdeba gavixsenoT Tu ras vgrZnobdiT. es iyo albaT grZnobias
mozRvaveba, gaRizianeba, wyena da a.S. erTi sityviT gvqonda negatiuri grZnoba.
urTerTobas negatiur, arasasiamovno grZnobebsa da agresias Soris mivyevarT
agresiis mesame Teoriuli perspeqtivis formulirebamde, romelic cnobilia
rogorc kognituri neoasociacionisturi Tvalsazrisi (gerkovici 1984)
Teoria varaudobs, rom arakeTilsasurveli movlenebis (romlis aridebasac
varCevdiT) eqspozicia warmoSobs negatiur grZnobebs (wyeninebis ara sasiamovno
grZnoba, gaRizianeba, gabrazeba). es reaqcia Tavis mxriv avtomaturad aaqtiurebs
tendencias rogorc agresiisaken ise ganridebisaken (Zalisxmeva gaeqce arasasiamovno
situacias), aseve avtomaturad aaqtiurebs garkveul fiziologiur reaqciebs,
mexsierebis garkveul Sinaarsebs, fiqrebs, romelic dakavSirebulia mocemul
gancdasTan. yovelive amas mohyveba Tu ara Ria agresia, es ukve damokidebuli xdeba
mraval faqtorze, rogoricaa azrovneba da sxva maRali donis kognituri procesebi.
mag. Tu individs miRebuli aqvs garkveuli antipatiuri gamocdileba ( tkivili an
diskomfortis sxva formebi) is SeiZleba midrekili iyos imoqmedos agresiulad. Tu
individi acnobierebs,rom agresiuli qceva ara Sesatyvisi an miuRebelia, man
SeiZleba aqtiurad Seakavos aseTi tendenciebi.
rogorc vxedavT agresiis kognituri neoasociacionisturi Tvalsazrisi exeba
sakiTxs Tu ragor SeiZleba emocionaluri da kognituri faqtorebis gaerTianeba
raTa gavlena movaxdinoT adamianis agresiaze. amdena aRniSnuli Teoria sakmaod
imedis momcemia davakontroloT adamianis gresiuli tendenciebi.
kognituri
neoasociacionisturi
Tvalsazrisi,
draiv
Teoriis
msgsvsad
varaudobs, rom adamianebi xSirad arian situaciaSi, romelic iwvevs agresias.
kognituri neoasociacionisturi Teoria, situaciis aseT gamowvevas upirispirebs
azrovnebis argumentaciulobis maRal dones.

xSirad aseT situaciaSi adamiani SeiZleba aRmoCndes drois deficitis pirobebSi,

SeiZleba racionaluri procesebisaTvis saWiro dro ar iyos sakmarisi. amdenad am
Tvalsazrisis praqtikuloba problemuri SeiZleba aRmoCndes.
agresia rogorc SeZenili qceva
adamianuri agresiis meiTxe Teoriul perspeqtivas warmoadgena e.w. socialuri
daswavlis Teoria. am Tvalsazrisis mxardamWerebi (bandura, berkovici, beroni) xazs
usvamen im faqts, rom agresia, pirvel rigSi, ganixileba rogorc socialuri qcevis
forma. instinqtTeoriis centraluri daSvebis winaaRmdeg, es midgoma amtkicebs, rom
adamiani ar ibadeba agresiuli reaqciebis farTe arealebis dispoziciiT. qcevis
agresiul formebs isini ganixilaven rogorc qcevis SeZenil formebs da maTi
daswavla xdeba aseve, rogorc nebismieri sxva ramis daswavla. am Tvalsazrisis
Tanamedrove mxardamWerebi ufro Sors midian da uSveben, rom agresiis bunebis
srulyofilad gasagebad saWiroa gvqondes informacia sam bazisur sakiTxze: 1.
manera, romelSic aseTi qcevaa SeZenili; 2jildo da dasja, romelic moqmedebs mis
Sesrulebaze; 3.socialuri da garemoseuli faqtorebi romlebic gavlenas axdenen
mocemul konteqstSi mis Sesrulebaze.
gansxvavebiT sxva Teoriebisagan, socialuri daswavlis Teoria agresiis
safuZvlad ar ganixilavs erT faqtors an faqtorebis mcire raodenobas. daswavlis
Tvalsazrisi uSvebs, rom agresiuli qcevis safuZvels warmoadgens faqtorebis
mTeli wyeba da am faqtorebs Soris rTuli urTierToba, kerZod: agresiis warsuli
gamocdileba (ra agresiuli qcevaa warsulSi SeZenili? ra aris daswavlili aseTi
qcevebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb?); mimdinare pirobebi romlebic ganapirobeben agresiis
rogorc waxalisebas ise dasjas; mravali socialuri, kognituri da garemoseuli
cvladebi romlebsac tendencia aqvT rogorc agresiis aRZvrisa ise Sekavebisa (mag.
frustracia,sxvebis mier agresiuli qcevis eqspozicia, agresoris mimdinare
gunebganwyoba da aRZvris done da a.S.)
rogorc vxedavT, socialuri daswavlis Tvalsazrisi aris ufro rTuli vidre
agresiis sxva perspeqtivebi, magram miuTiTeben mis or mniSvnelovan upiretesobaze:
1. is aris ufro cxovrebiseulad gamocdili da amdenad ufro zusti vidre sxva
midgomebi;
2. agresiis aridebisa da kontrolis TvalsazrisiT is ufro
optimisturia. bolosda bolos, am TvalsazrisiT qceva aris SeZenili da da amdenad
Riaa modificirebisa da Secvlisadmi. yovelive amis gamo aRniSnuli midgoma
mxardaWeras poulobs fsiqologebisgan
agresiis socialuri da situaciuri determinantebi
agresia Cveulebriv ar xorcieldeba socialur da situaciur vakuumSi.
Cveulebriv
agresia
momdinareobs
specifikuri
socialuri
da
situaciuri
faqtorebidan. es faqtorebi gansazRraven agreTve agresoris mier msxverplis
arCevas. am faqtorebidan gamoikveTa Semdegi:
1.frustracia.
SedarebiT gavrcelebuli midgoma agresiisadmi aris e.w.
frustracia-agresiis hipoTeza. am hipoTezis Tanaxmad frustracias yovelTvis
mivyevarT agresiis ama Tu im formamde da agresia yovelTvis momdinareobs
frustraciidan. erT sityviT, frustrirebuli adamiani yovelTvis avlens ama Tu im
tipis agresias da agresiis yoveli aqti, Tavis mxriv aris frustraciis Sedegi.

rogorc vxedavT debuleba sakmaod kategorialuria. Cveulebriv miaCniaT, rom

msgavsi kategoriuli debuleba sadaoa. amitom dgeba sakiTxi maTi WeSmaritebis
Sesaxeb. fruastracias marTla aqvs aseTi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba agresiisaTvis?
pasuxi aris is rom frustracia agresiis hipoTezis orive nawili zedmetad
radikaluria. aRmoCnda, rom frustrirebuli adamiani yovelTvis ar reagirebs
agresiuli azrebiT, sityvebiT da qceviT. frustraciaze sapasuxo reaqcia SeiZleba
Zalian gansxvavebuli iyos dawyebuli uaris Tqmidan da sasowarkveTlebidan
frustraciis wyaros daZleviT damTavrebuli.
meores mxriv, arc yoveli agresia aris frustraciis Sedegi. individis
agresiuli qceva SeiZleba gansxvavebuli faqtorebiT iyos determinirebuli. mag.
sportsmenma (mokrivem) SeiZleba Tavisi oponentis mimarT gamoavlinos agresiuli
qceva, gamomdinare Sejibris situaciaSi Tavisi rolidan, an imitom, rom moigos
misTvis mniSvnelovani prizi da ara imitom, rom is frustrirebulia. an kidev,
individi, romelsac surs karieraSi dawinaureba zogjer iyenebs kompleqsur
politikur manerebs raTa daZlios metoqe.
am da sxva mraval analogiur
situaciebSi agresia momdinareobs frustraciidan gansxvavebuli faqtorebidan.
amrigad, mtkiceba rom agresia yovelTvis aris dabrkolebis Sedegi, mcdaria.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare,mravali socialuri fsiqologi ar
varaudobs,rom frustracia warmoadgens agresiis erTaderT mniSvnelovan mizezs.
umravlesobas miaCnia, rom frustracia erTerTia im mraval faqtorTagan, romelsac
SeuZlia agresiis gamowveva. garda amisa, arsebobs Tanxmoba imaSi, rom frustracia
gamoiwvevs Tu ara agresias damokidebulia or pirobaze: frustraciis intensiobaze
da aRqmul kanonierebaze. frustracias aqvs tendencia gazardos agresiis albaToba
mxolod maSin roca is aris Zlieri an mxolod maSin roca is aRqmulia rogorc
arbitraluri an arakanonieri. Tu frustracia aris susti an aRqmulia rogorc
kanonieri, aRmoCnda, rom mas naklebad SeuZlia aRZras agresia.
2.pirdapiri provokacia anu, roca agresia badebs agresias. Tu frustraciam
garkveul intensiobas uvda miaRwios raTa SesZlos agresiis gamowveva, pirdapir
verbalur an fizikur provocirebas, Cans, rom SeiZleba hqonde es efeqti maSinac ki,
roca is Zalian sustia. araformaluri dakvirveba gvarwmunebs, rom individebi
xSirad reagireben, da sakmaod Zlieradac msubuq dacinvaze an sxvebis qcevaze
romelsac aRiqvamen ,rogorc garkveuli donis
Tavdasxmad. metic, xSirad am dros
adgili aqvs procesis eskalacias da xdeba ufro da ufro Zlieri provokaciebis
swrafi erTierT gacvla, orive mxarisTvis saSiSi SedegebiT..
fizikur provokaciasa da agresias Soris mWidro kavSiris arsebobis Sesaxeb
monacemebi miRebul iqna mTeli rigi kvlevebidan. erTerT kvlevaSi subieqtis
provocirebas iwvevda (Zlieri eleqtro Sokis gsmoyenebiT) ucnobi, ris Semdeg
subieqts hqonda SesaZlebloba gamoeyenebina eleqtro Soki mis winaaRmdeg. aseT
situaciaSi provokaciis intensiobis zrda awvevda sapasuxod gamoyenebuli Sokis
intensiobis zrdas. muqaraze sapasuxo muqara ufro samagieros gadaxdas
emsgavseboda da ara meore loya miuSvires strategias. msgavsi Sedegebi
dafiqsirda
verbaluri
agresiis
SemTxvevaSic.
aseve
pasuxobs
adamianebis
umravlesoba realur an warmosaxviT dacinvaze.
marTalia, samagieros gadaxdis principi, rogorc provokaciaze reaqcia, ufro
dominirebs, magram miuTiTeben,
rom ase ar aris yovelTvis. aRmoCnda, rom Tu
rogori iqneba provokaciaze reaqcia, individi upasuxebs samagieros gadaxdiT Tu
ugulebelyofs mas mraval faqtorzea damokidebuli. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania aRqmuli ganzraxva da provokatoris maxasiaTeblebi.

aRqm0uli ganzraxva da provokaciaze reaqcia.

saRi azris donezec aSkarad

Cans, rom provokaciaze reaqcia gaSualebulia imiT Tu rogor aRviqvamT
provokatoris aqtiobas. Tu provokatoris aqtioba aRqmulia, rogorc winaswar
ganzraxuli, sapasuxo reaqcia ra Tqma unda iqneba gabrazeba da survili gavceT
pasuxi. Tu provocireba aRqmul iqna rogorc araganzraxviTi, SemTxveviTi
faqtorebis Sedegi, faqtorebis romelic individis kontrols ar eqvemdebareba,
naklebia albaToba man gamoiwvios agresia. erTi sityviT, aRqmuli aqtiobis Sesaxeb
Cveni atribucia mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs imis determinaciaSi Tu rogori iqneba
sapasuxo reaqcia. rogorc laboratoriul pirobebSi Catarebuli ise korelaciuri
kvlevebi aSkarad adasturebs aRqmul ganzraxvasa da provokaciaze reaqcias Soris
ksvSirs. erTerT cnobil kvlevaSi, gogona subieqtebis ranJireba xdeboda
imisdamixedviT Tu ra informacias iRebdnen isini oponentis (faqtiurad gogona cru
subieqtebi) ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, Tu ra intensiobis eleqtro Soks gamoiyenebda
oponenti. sobieqtebis nawils eubnebodnen rom oponents ganzraxuli aqvs Zlieri
eleqtro Sokis gsmoyeneba. nawils eubnebodnen, rom oponents ganzraxuli hqonda
susti eleqtro Sokis gamoyeneba. amis Semdeg, eqsperimentSi, subieqtebis naxevari
marTlac iRebda eleqtro Soks im intensiobiT, romelic Seesabameboda miRebul
informacias. xolo meore naxevari iRebda eleqtro Soks imis sawinaaRmdego
intensiobisa ra informaciac miiRes. Tu informacia hqondaT, rom ponents
ganzraxuli hqonda Zlieri eletro Sokis gamoyeneba, subieqtebi faqtiurad sust
eleqtro Soks iRebdnen. xolo Tu ganzraxuli iyo susti eleqtroSokis gamoyeneba
subieqtebi iRebdnen Zlier eleqtro Soks. kvlevis Semdgom fazaSi, subieqtebs
eZleodaT SesaZlebloba gamoeyenebinaT nebismieri siZlieris eleqtro Soki
Tanamonawile oponentis mimarT.
Tu
individi
ireagirebs
oponentis
provokaciuli
aqtiobis
aRqmul
ganzraxvaze,unda movelodeT, rom subieqtebi gamoiyeneben Zlier eleqtro Soks
imoponentis winaaRmdeg romelsac ganzraxuli hqonda Zliri eleqtro Sokis
gamoyeneba. da sust eleqtro Soks gamoiyenebdnen im oponentis mimarT romlebsac
ganzraxuli hqondaT susti eleqtro Sokis gamoyeneba. ufro meti, mosalodneli iyo
aseTi reaqcia miuxedavad imisa Tu oponentebi ra intensiobis eleqtro Soks
gamoiyenebdnen faqtiurad. kvlevis Sedegebi adasturebda nawinaswarmetyeleb
molodinebs. miuxedeved faqtiurad gamoyenebuli eleqtro Sokis siZlierisa,
subieqtebi reagirebdnen imaze Tu ra inrformacia hqondaT oponentis ganzraxvis
Sesaxeb.
provokatoris maxasiaTeblebi.
garda provokatoris ganzraxvisa, Tu rogori
iqneba
provokaciaze
reaqcia,
mniSvnelovnadaa
damokidebuli,
provokatopis
maxasiaTeblebze. pirvel rigSi cxadia naklebi albaTobaa agresiulad vireagiroT
provokaciaze Tu provokatori aSkarad Cvenze Zlieri da saSiSi Cans. aseve, kvlevebi
aCveneben, rom mamakacebi naklebad amjRavneben samagieros gadaxdis survils qalebis
mimarT vidre mamakacebis mimarT. dadasturda agreTve, rom adamianebs naklebi
tendencia
aqvT
agresiulad
ireagiron fizikurad
mimzidveli individebis
provokaciaze. erTi sityviT socialuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi bednieri da
mimzidveli garegnobis adamianebi provocirebis situaciaSi naklebad miiReben
agresiul sapasuxo reaqcias.
Zaladobis filmebis yureba da agresia

bolo periodSi seriozuli msjelobis sagani gaxda kinofilmabsa da tele

ekranebze moWarbebuli e.w. Zaladobis filmebis Cveneba. fsiqologebis kvlevis
sagani gaxda , sakiTxi Tu ra kavSiria telekranebze Zaladobis filmebis xSir
eqspoziciasa da mayureblis, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdobis, agresiulobis dones
Soris. uamravi gamokvleva mieZRvna am sakiTxs, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pasuxi
ar aris erTmniSvnelovani. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom bolos, gakeTda daskvna, rom
mediumebis saSualebiT Zaladobis xSiri eqspozicia warmoadgens erTerT faqtors,
romelic gansazRravs sazogadoebaSi agresiulobis maRal dones. kvlevebis mravali
gansxvavebuli mimarTuleba, SesaZloa gansxvavebuli saSualebebiT, TiTqosda
adasturebs sakiTxis aseT interpretacias.
u.y. aseT interpretacias adasturebs laboratoriuli kvlevebi. erTerT
adrindel kvlevaSi, bavSvebi uyurebdnen mokle films, sadac mozrdili
warmoadgenda agresiul models (bandura, 1965). filmSi mozrdili romelic
garkveul saqmianobas eweoda, gamoxatavda gamokveTil agresias rezinis ToJinis
mimarT. bavSvebis meore jgufi aseve uyurebda imave mokle films, im gansxvavebiT,
rom filmidan amoRebuli iyo agresiis gamomxatveli scenebi. amis Semdeg bavSvebs
tovebdnen marto da akvirdebodnen maT qcevas. situaciaSi arsebobda rezinis
Tojina romlis mimarT filmSi xorcieldeboda agresia. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom
bavSvebi romlebmac naxes filmi agresiuli modeliT TviTonac gamoxatavdnen
gamokveTil agresias rezinis Tojinis mimarT. maSin roca sakontrolo jgufis
bavSvebi rezini ojinis mimarT indiferentulebi iyvnen.
NA DA BOL
msgavsi efeqti dadasturda telegadacemebis yurebisas, sadac xdeboda
Zaledobis
filmebis
demonstrireba.
subieqtebs
filmis
yurebis
Semdeg
SesaZlebloba hqondaT TviTon gamoexataT agresia. aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebi,
romlebmac naxes Zaladobis filmi avlendnen gacilebiT met agresias vidre is
bavSvebi, romlebmac naxes ara Zaladobrivi filmi. analogiuri kvleva Catarda
mozrdilebzec, da miRebul iqna igive Sedegi. erTi sityviT, dReisaTvis socialur
fsiqologiaSi ufro mxardaWerilia mosazreba, rom subieqtebi, romlebic uyureben
e.w. Zaladobis filmebs Zaladobis ufro maRal dones amJRavneben vidre isini
rmlebic ar uyurebdnen aseT filmebs.
analogiuri Sedegebi iqna miRebuli kvlevebidan, romelic gansxvavebuli
meTodologiiT Catarda. e.w. xangrZlivi velis kvlevebSi, subieqtebis gansxvavebul
jgufebs eZleodaT SesaZlebloba enaxaT gansxvavebuli raodenobis Zaladobis
gamomxatveli filmebi. Semdeg bunebriv situaciaSi akvirdebodnen subieqtebis qcevas
da xdeboda agresiis gamovlenis donis fiqsireba.. mag. legensi da miso kolegebi
(legens da sxv. 1975), privat-skolis moswavle biWebis or jgufs uCvenebdnen
filmebs. erTi jgufi naxulobda Zaladobis gamomxatvel xuT films, TiTos yovel
dRe, maSin roca meore jgufi naxulobda xuT neitralur films, TiTos yoveldRe.
amis Semdeg akvirdebodnen am biWebs, Tu rogor iqceodnen isini maT yoveldRiur
situaciaSi- megobrebTan urTierTobaSi pedagogebTan urTerTobaSi da a.S. kvlevis
Sedegebi adasturabda mediumebiT Zaladobis filmebis yurebasa da mayureblebSi
agresias Soris kavSirs igive efeqti dadasturda mozrdilebSic. mag. aRmoCnda, rom
(filips, 1983) SeerTebul StstebSi mkvlelobebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad izrdeba
mZime wonis mokriveTa Soris msofli CempionobisTvis brZolis momdevno ramodenime
dRis ganmavlobaSi.
varaudobe, rom yovelive es miuTiTebs mediumebis saSuelebiT Zaladobis filmebis
Cvenebis mniSvnelovan socialur efeqtze.

rogorc vxedavT, gansxvavebuli meTodebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi mxars uWeren

Tvalsazriss, rom masiuri mediumebiT Zaladobis xSiri eqspozicia iwvevs
mayurebelSi .msgavsi qcevis ganxorcielebis tendencias. Tumca unda aRiSnos isic,
rom zogierTi mkvlevari ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas, mag. feSbax da zinger,1971;
fridmani 1984. saerTo jamSi, Tu ganvazogadebT
kvleviT monacemebs, isini aSkarad
miuTiTeben aseT kavSirze. aseT kavSirs ki, rogorc aRvniSneT didi socialuri
mniSvneloba aqvs. amitom gasagebia fsiqologebis interesi gascen pasuxi kiTxvas,
ratom. Zaladobis filmebis xSiri eqspozicia ratom zrdis agresiulobis dones
adamianebSi? amasTan dakavSirebiT ramodenime arsebobs ramodenime Tvalsazrisi:
1.miuTiTeben, rom mediumebiT Zaladobis eqspozicia asustebs mayurebelSi
analogiuri qcevis ganxorcielebis Sekavebas. aseTi filmebis naxvis Semdeg
mayurebeli
naklebad
igrZnobs
Tavs
SezRudulad
msgavsi
qcevis
ganxorcielebisaTvis. isini, Cans fiqroben, rom bolosdabolos Tu maT SeuZliaT
amis gakeTeba, mec SemiZlia.
2. varaudoben, rom mediumebiT Zaladobis eqspozicia aiaraRebs mayurebels
axali teqnikiT Tu rogor SeuZlia Seutios da avnos sxvas ufro daxvewili
manerebiT. erTi sityviT mayurebeli amiT iZens agresiis gamoxatvis iseT daxvewil
manerebs, romelic mis dispoziciaSi manamde ar yofila. da raki es miRweulia,e.i.
Tavdasxmis axali xerxia SeZenili, Semdegi nabiji misi praqtikaSi gamoyeneba unda
iyos, roca Sesatyvisi situacia gaCndeba ( roca provocirebuli iqneba).
3. sxvis mier ganxorcielebuli agresiuli qcevis xSirma yurebam, SeiZleba
gavlena moaxdinos mayureblis kogniciaze (berkovici,1984). navaraudevia, rom
Zaladobis xSirma yurebam SeiZleba moaxdinos safuZvlis momzadebis (praimingis)
msgavsi efeqti. Zaladobis xSirma yurebam SeiZleba mayureblis kogniciaSi
gansazRvros damatebiTi ideebis da azrebis arseboba. yovelive amis Semdeg
mediumebiT Zaladobis xSiri eqspoziciis Semdeg adamianebi ufro midrekilni
xdebian movlenebi aRiqvan negatiurad da mtrulad.an orazrovani situaciis
interpretacia moaxdonon, rogorc bunebiT ufro agresiuli. aseve, SesaZloa
individma gaazviados mis irgvliv socialur samyaroSi agresiis sixSiris Sefaseba,
SeiZleba agresia dainaxos rogorc Cveulebrivi da amdenad ufro misaRebi. aseTma
ideebma da azrebma Tavis mxriv SeiZleba gazardos sxvis winaaRmdeg Ria agresiis
albaToba.
4.bolos, varaudoben, rom mediumebiT Zaladobis xSirma eqspoziciam SeiZleba
Seamciros
Zaladobisa
da
misi
mtkivneuli
Sedegebis
mimarT
individis
emocionaluri mgrZnobiaroba.. mokled,uamravi mkvlelobebis, Tavdasxmebis da
brZolebis yurebis Semdeg, SesaZloa, zogierTi mayurebeli ara mgrZnobieri xdeba
aseTi masalis mimarT da SedarebiT sust emocionalur reaqcias gamoavlens masze.
emocionaluri damokidebulebis aseTi gadaweva individs gauadvilebs TviTonac
ganaxorcielos agresia.
aRZvris done da agresia
fsiqologiaSi arsebobs mosazreba, rom aRZvris donis amaRleba iwvevs mimdinare
qcevis gaZlierebas. anu, roca individi fiziologiurad aRZrulia, mis mimdinare
reaqciis energias gazrdis tendencia aqvs. dgeba sakiTxi, aRZvris donis amaRlebas
aqvs Tu ara igive efeqti agresiis mimarT? kvlevebi miuTiTeben rom aqvs. aRmoCnda,
rom fiziologiuri aRZvra momdinare iseTi gansxvavebuli wyaroebidan rogoricaa
konkretul SejibrebaSi monawileoba, fizikuri datvirTva, Tundac garkveuli tipis
musika xls uwyobs agresiis donis amaRlebas. erTerTi axsna am efeqtisa, romelic

miRebulia socialuri fsiqologebis mier cnobilia rogorc agresiis trasferis

Teoria (zillmenni). Teoria yuradRebas amexvilebs im faqtze, rom fiziologiuri
aRZvra vrceldeba droSi. Sedegad aRZvris garkveuli nawili SeiZleba droSi
gamZle aRmoCndes, roca individi erTi situaciidan meoreSi gadadis. mag.studanti
romelic aRZrulia misi azriT gamocdaze nawilobrivi marcxiT, SeiZleba
gaagrZelos msubuqad aRZrulad yofna ramodenime wuTis Semdegac, roca is
urTerTqmedebas iwyebs megobrebTan an nacnobebTan. aseTma narCenma aRZvram SeiZleba
gamoiwvios misi Semdgomi emocionaluri gancdebis gaZliereba, Tanac iseTi
gancdebisac ki, romelsac araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs aRZvris sawyis mizezTan. ase
mag., Tu megobari mis mimarT gaakeTebs SeniSvnas, man SeZleba am provokaciaze
ireagiros ufro mwvaved vidre misi reaqcia iqneboda Tu ar iarsebebda narCeni,
axal situaciaSi gadatanili aRZvra. agznebis transferis Teoria yuradRebas
amaxvilebs im faqtze, romaseT efeqts ufro maSin aqvs adgili, roca individi ar
acnobierebs narCen aRZvras, an roca individi aRZvras, awmyo situaciaSi mimdinare
movlenebs miawers. amrigad, Cvens mier moyvanil magaliTSi, studenti, mosalodneli
iqneba, rom ufro mwvaved ireagirebs megobris SeniSvnaze Tu is ar gaacnobierebs im
aRZvras romelic wina situaciidan modis da Tu is mis emocionalur reaqcias
megobris SeniSvnas miawers. Tu studenti gaacnobierebs, rom misi aRZvris nawili
wina situaciidan momdinareobs, is nakleb agrresiulad ireagirebs megobris
provokavciaze.
seqsualuri aRZvra da agresia.
Tu aRZvra, romelic momdinareobs wyarodan,
romelsac araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs agresiasTan ( fizikuri varjiSi, konkurencia),
zrdis agresiis dones, xom ar SeiZleba dauSvaT, rom seqsualur aRZvrasac igive
efeqti eqneba? xSirad seqsualur aRZvras da agresiulobas erTmaneTTan kavSirSi
ganixilaven. mag froidi varaudobs, rom survili atkino sxvas an miiRo tkivili
sxvisgan seqsuluri urTierTobis normaluri mdgomareobaa. fromi Tvlis, rom
nebismieri Zlieri emocia atkino svas an sxvisgan tkivilis miRebis survilis
CaTvliT- SeiZleba Sereuli iyos seqsualur survilTan da a.S. rogorc vxedavT
zogierTi mkvlevari Tvlis,rom marTlac arsebobs mniSvnelovani kavSiri seqsulur
aRZvrasa da agresias Soris. ramdenadaa swori es mosazreba? zogierTi kvleviTi
monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom es marTlac asea
kvlevebi aCveneben, rom seqsualuri aRZvris susti done, rogoricaa aRZvra
gamowveuli sawinaaRmdego sqesis mimzidveli wevris SeSveli an naxevrad SeSveli
suraTis eqspozicia, amcirebs agresias im individis mimarT romelic axdens
provocirebas. amasTan, aRmoCnda, rom seqsualuri aRZvris maRali done, gamowveuli
erotikuli pasaJis kiTxviT an aSkara sasiyvarulo scenis yurebiT, faqtiurad
zrdis agresiis dones. amrigad, seqsualur aRZvrasa da Ria agresias Soris
urTierToba arasworxazovani aRmoCnda. seqsualuri aRZvris susti done amcirebs
agresiulobas xolo aRZvris maRali done agresias zrdis. zillmann-ma am
damokidebulebis asaxsnelad SemogvTavaza e.w. orkomponentiani modeli
(zillmann,
1984)
am modelis Tanaxmad, erotikulistimulis eqspozicia iZleva or efeqts, pirveli,
is individSi zrdis aRZvris dones da meore, erotikuli stimuli gavlenas axdens
individis mimdinare afeqtur mdgomareobaze- mis pozitiur an negatur grZnobebze.
seqsualuri aRZvra xels uwyobs Tu Seakavebs agresias damokidebulia am efeqtis
nemuSze. radgan susti erotikuli stimuli warmoSobs aRZvris sust dones da
radgan am dros adamianebis umetesoba ganicdis siamovnebas, ar aris gasaocari, rom
am dros adamians aqvs tendencia Seamciros agresia. amis sawinaaRmdegod, erotikis

ufro gamokveTili forma warmoSobs aRZvris ufro maRal dones, gawyvilebuls

negatiur grZnobasTan. Sedegad am saxia erotikam SeiZleba gazardos agresia. (Tumca
unda aRiniSnos, rom yvala ar eTanxmeba movlenis aseT axsnas).
amrigad, miuTiTeben, rom marTlac arsebobs kavSiri seqsualur aRZvrasa da
agresias Soris. magram, miuTiTeben, rom am urTierTobis buneba ufro rTulia vidre
amaze miuTiTebs aq warmodgenili or faqtoriani modeli.
agresia mWidro interpersonalur urTierTobaSi
mWidro interpersonalur urTiuerTobaSi rogoricaa ojaxi, mSobeli Svilis
urTierToba, megobrebs Soris urTierToba, romelic Cveulebriv Rrma mowonebiT da
sasiyvarulo urTierTobazea
agebuli- saRi azri uSvebs, rom Zalmonreobas
iSviaTad unda hqondes adgili. Tumda zogierTi mkvlevari gvarwmunebs, rom saRi
azris aseTi daskvna mcdaria. Tanac, rogorc miuTiTeben saSiSad mcdari. ori aTasi
ojaxis,
SerCeuli
rogorc
SeerTebuli
Statebis
populaciis
reprezentaciulebi,Seswavlis Sedegad mkvlevarebi askvnian, rom Zaladoba aris
ojaxis cxovrebis integraluri nawili. statistika adasturebs am faqts. pirvel
rigSi miuTiTeben colqmars Soris arsebul agresiaze. kiTxvaze, gamouyenebiaT Tu
ara mocemuli rva nimuSidan romelime Tavis meuRlis mimarT bolo wlebis
ganmavlobaSi, monawileTa 16 procenti pasuxobs diax, e.i. gamouyenebiaT. Zaladobis
rva nimuSi iyo Semdegi: 1. meuRles esrola raRaca; 2. xeli kra; 3. gaartya; 4. fexi
kra,muStiT cema,ukbina; 5. cema sagniT; 6. magra cema; 7. daemuqra iaraRiT an daniT;
8.iaraRi an dana gamoiyyena.
SedegebSi sakmaod maRali procentiT dafiqsirda agresiuli qcevis Semdegi
formebi: xeli kra, gaartya, cema sagniT. sainteresoa, rom Zalian cota iyo
gansxvaveba mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris am saxis agresiuli qcevis gamovlenaSi.
amasTan aRmoCnda, rom ufro qalebi aRniSnavdnen, rom meuRles esrola an gaartya
sagani; qmrebi ki ufro xelis kvras da gartymas aRniSnaven. erTi sityviT, monacemebi
mxars uWeren mosazrebas, rom bevrisTvis qorwinebis licenzia (mowmoba ) aris
cemis licenzia.
ra Tqma unda, rom colqmars Soris urTerTobaSi adgili aqvs Zaladobas,
SemaSfoTebelia. magra, ufro SemaSfoTebelia is faqti, rom mSoblebi xSirad
TavianT gaSmagebas warmarTaven Svilebze, romlebsac naklebad SeuZliaT Tavis
dacva. strausi da misi kolegebis monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom mSoblebis
umravlesoba (sami meoTxedi) aRniSnavs Svilebis mimarT agresiis ama Tu im formis
gamoyenebas. Tanac, Tavdasxma Tavisi bunebiT ar iyo susti. TavianTi kvleviTi
monacemebis analizis safuZvelze strausi da misi kolegebi akeTeben ganzogadoebas,
rom daaxloebiT 2.3 milioni biWuna bavSvobaSi nacemi iqna mSoblebis mier da erT
milionze met bavSvs mSobeli daemuqra daniT an iaraRiT. SemaSfoTebeli
statistikaa???.
amas unda daumatoT isic, rom Zaladobis SemaSfoTebeli faqtebi razec zemoT
gvqonda saubari, ar Semoifargleba ojaxiT. Zaladoba xSiria megobrebsa da
nacnobebs Soris. es kargad gamoCnda kolejis studentebis gamokvlevebSi.
ikvlies xuTi kolejis studentabi. maT sTxoves eTqvaT miuRiaT Tu ara zemoT
CamoTvlili Zaladobis rva formidan romelime an TviTon gamouyenebiaT Tu ara
romelime maTgani TavianTi tolebis mimarT. orive sqesis studentTa 50 procentze
meti miuTiTebda, rom CamoTvlili rva saxis Zaladobidan erTi an meti gamouyenebia
TviTon. amasTan,ufro mamakacebi vidre gogonebi (56,9procenti winaaRmdeg 47,8

procentisa)miuTiTebdnen, rom maTze ganxorcielda aseTi saxis Zaladoba. sqes

Soris gansxvaveba mxolo erT sakiTxSi iyo mniSvnelovani. biWebi miuTiTebdnen
ufro rom CaudeniaT seqsualuri Zaladoba vidre gogonebi.

mWidro urTierTobaSi agresiis mizezebi.

,sxvebis negatiuri Sefaseba garkveul
ganzomilebebSi). aseve,gansxvaveba didi iyo situaciaSi sadac agresia Canda rom
iyo moTxovnili vidre spontanurad arCeuli. garda amisa gancxvaveba iyo
agresiisadmi attitudebSi. garda amisa, mamakacebi nakleb danaSaulis grZnobaze
da enzaitze miuTiTebdnen agresiuli qcavis ganxorcielebisaTvis vidre qalebi.
qalebi ufro miuTiTebdnen SesaZleblobaze, rom sxvebis winaaRmdeg agresia
SeiZleba Seicavdes TavianTi Tavis winaaRmdeg muqaras (rom agresiis msxverpli
airCevs samagieros gadaxdas). amasTan monacemebis analizi aCvenebda, rom orive
sqesi SedarebiT met agresias anJRavnebda mamakacebis winaaRmdeg vidre qalebis
winaaRmdeg.
rogorc vxedavT, mamakacebi da qalebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan TavianT
survilebSi interpersonalur urTierTobebs mouaron agresiiT. dgeba sakiTxi, raSi unda
veZeboT am gansxvavebi zemoT moyvanili statistika, ra Tqma unda SemaSfotebelia,
magram is arafers ambobs Tu ratomaa Zaladoba Cveulebrivi movlena ojaxSi an sxva
intimur urTierTobebSi. albaT amis mizezi unda iyos kompleqsuri, da moicavs
mraval faqtors. SesaZloa imis erTerTi mizezi iyos is, rom xSirad Zaladoba
badebs Zaladobas. any individi romelic xSirad gamxdara mSoblebs Soris
Zaladobis mowme ufro saalbaToa gaxdes moZalade qmari an coli, vidre is
romelsac gamocdilebaSi ar hqonia aseTi Zaladoba. an bavSvi, romelic bavSvobaSi
fizikurad isjeboda xSirad, meti albaTobaa, rom ufro Seurachyofs sakuTar
Svilebs, vidre is visac ar ganucdia fizikuri dasja. aRmoCnda rom Zaladobis
ojaxuri tradicia gadaecema Taobidan Taobaze.
Zaladobis meore mizezad CaTvlilia stresi. miuTiTeben, rom ojaxebi, romlebic
ganicdian stresis maRal dones, eqnebaT tendencia hqondeT Zaladobis meti scenebi
vidre ojaxebs, romlebic sabednierod axerxeben aicilon aseTi pirobebi. am
mizezTanaa dakavSirebuli ojaxis zoma ( rac ufro didia ojaxSi bavSvebis
raodenoba, miT ufro didia Zaladobis albaToba), ekonomiuri pirobebi ( samuSaos
dakargva, valis gadaxdis uunaroba), axlo megobris sikvdili, ara sasurveli
orsuloba, siZneleebi kanonTan. varaudoben, rom rac ufro ganicdis inbdividi am
tipis stresul movlenebs, miT ufro didia ojaxSi Zaladobis albaToba.
mesame mizizi, romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli ojaxis ZaladobasTan aris
ojaxSi Zalauflebis ganawileba da is Tu rogor xdeba ojaxSi gadawyvetilibis
miReba. ojaxSi, sadac Zalaufleba ganawilebulia col qmars Soris da romelSic
gadawyvetileba demokratiulad (wevrebs Soris SeTanxmebis Sedegad) miiReba,
naklebad ganicdian Zaladobis gansxvavebul formebs vidre ojaxSi sadac
Zalaufleba koncentrirebulia erTerTis (qmris an colis) xelSi da is vinc flobs
Zalauflebas, is iRebs kidec umetes gadawyvetilebas. cxadia, erTad cxovrebis
pirobebSi Tu ar moxda Zalauflebis ganawileba da romelime ver iRebs
monawileobas gadawyvetilebaSi, es SeiZleba gaxdes Zaladobis gansxvavebuli
formebis safuZveli.

amrigad,mWidro interpersonalur urTierTobebSi Zaladoba gansxvavebuli

mizezebidan momdinareobs. miuTiTeben, rom sabednierod umravlesoba maTgani, Tu
ara yvela, Riaa modifikaciis ama Tu im formisaTvis. amdena cikli aseTi agresiisa
SeiZleba gawyvetil iqnas, Tumca mxolod konkretuli safexurebiT. amgvarad,
mosazreba, rom adamianebi, romlebsac uyvarT erTmaneTi iSviaTad iqnebin Cabmuli
ZaladobaSi, aris seriozuli Secdoma.
agresiis gadamdeboba da deindividuacia
mibaZviTi agresiis Tavisebur formas warmoadgens agresiis gadamdeboba (
infeqcia), rac mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs kriminalur da brbos qcevaSi. frangi
sociologi tardi laparakobs Zaladobis gadamdeb bunabaze im faqtze dayrdnobiT,
rom efeqturi kriminalis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb cnogbas mohyveba misi mibaZvis
mTeli talRa. agresiulobis gadamdebobis magaliTad ganixileba agreTve brbos
qceva. zimbardom am fenomens uwoda deindividuacia da ivarauda misi gamomwvevi
faqtorebis arseboba: anonimuroba, pasuxismgeblobis difuzia, jgufis sidide,
qcevis xasiaTi, axali arastruqturirebuli situacia, xmauri da daRliloba. mag.
omebSi Zaladobis gansakuTrebiT mkacri formebis gamoyenebisas primitivebi
deindividuaciis iseT saSualebebs iyenebdnen rogoricaa maskebi, saxis da sxeulis
SeRebva, specialuri tansacmeli. daaxloebiT aseve akeTebdnen meoce saukuneSi
TeTrkanianebi, roca axdendnen Savkanianebis LlinCirebas.
zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebi, rom namdvilad iwveven deindividuacias
dadasturda
eqsperimentuli
gamokvlevebiT.
eqsperimentSi
gamoyenebul
iqna
daswavlis procedura, sadac xdeboda eleqtro Sokis gamoyeneba. eqsperimentul
situaciaSi, raTa gamoewviaT deindividuacia, subieqtebs ar mimarTavdnen saxelebiT,
subieqtebs eubnebodnen, rom eqsperimentatorisTvis ar iqneboda cnobili Tu ra
intensiobis eleqtro Soki iqneboda gamoyenebuli, rom TavianT msxverpls
arasodes Sexvdebodnen. msxverplis mdgomareobaze mTel pasuxismgeblobas
TavisTavze iRebda eqsperimentatori. oTaxi sadac tardeboda eqsperimenti sustad
iyo ganaTebuli. xolo eqsperimentul situaciaSi sadac ar iyo ganzraxuli
deiv\ndividuaciis
gomiwveva,
subieqtebs
mimarTavdnen
saxelebiT,
mkerdze
mimagrebuli hqondaT niSani maTi sakuTari saxelebiT, eqsperimentatori amJRavnebda
interess Tu ra siZlieris eleqtro Soks gamoiyenebda subieqti, amasTan subeeqtebs
eubnebodnen,rom eqsperimentis damTavrebis Semdeg isini Sexvdebodnen TavianT
msxverpls da rom msxverplis keTildReobaze pasuxismgebloba daekisrebodaT
subieqtebs. oTaxi kargad iyo ganaTebuli. aRmoCnda, rom deindividuaciis gamomwvev
eqsperimentul situaciaSi subieqtebi iyenebdnen gacilebiT Zlier eleqtro Soks,
nakleb
kontrols
uwevdnen
impulsebs
da
ugulebelhyofdnen
msxverplis,
eqsperimentatoris da jgufis sxva wevrebis reaqciebs.
mkvlevarebi
miuTiTeben,
rom
deindividuacias
Cveulebriv
Tan
axlavs
dehumanizacia. aRmoCnda, rom roca adaminebi ama Tu im mizeziT axorcieleben
agresiul qcevas sxvis mimarT, isini iwyeben TavianTi msxverplis dehumanizirebas
imiT, rom agresiis obieqts miaweren gansxvavebul Rirebulebebs da rwmenebs.
agresiis individualuri determinantebi
adamianebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan imiT Tu ramdanad aqvT agresiulobis
tendencia. zogi agresiulobis maRal dones amJRavnebs maSin roca sxvebi nakleb

agresiulebi arian. am faqtma socialur fsiqologias ubiZga ganexorcielebina

kvlevebi da moexdina im pirovnuli niSnebisda maxasiaTeblebis identifikacia
romlebic individebis aseT gansxvavebebs gansazRravda. identificirebul iqna
faqtorebi, romlebic aRweril iqna rogorc agresiulobis individualuri
determinantebi. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT gamaxvilda yuradReba a da b tipis
pirovnebis qceviseul nimuSebze da sqess Soris gansxvavebaze
tipi a-s qceviseuli nimuSebi.
bolo wlebSi yuradReba daeTmo imas Tu ra
aris cnobili tipi a-s qcevis nimuSebze. erTerTi mizezi am interesisa aris is, rom
a tipis individs aqvs gul-sisxl ZarRvTa sistemis darRvevis sakmaod maRali riski.
aseTi individebis ( romlebic miewerebian tip a-s) ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:
ukiduresi konkurentuloba ( mas yovelTvis da yvela situaciaSi surs mogeba),
gadaWarbebuli siCqare (isini mudmiv siswrafeSi arian, arian Cqari mosiaruleebi,
erTdroulad isaxaven ramodenime mizans amitom mudam drois deficits ganicdian),
aqvT mtrobis da agresiis maRali done. amitom, cxadia es tipi asocirebulia Ria
agresiulobasTan. Sejibris situaciaSi is agresiulia ufro xSirad vidre tipi b
romelic aris ufro mSvidi, neli mosiarule, sociobiluri da modunebulia. mraval
gamokvlevaSi dadasturda a da b tipis adamianebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Taviseburebebi.
SedarebiT gamoikveTa strube da misi kolegebis kvleva (strube
1984). mkvlevarebma jer moaxdines mamakaci subieqtebis diferenciacia a da b tipebad.
amis
Semdeg
kvlevis
procedura
ise
daigegma,
rom
subieqtebis
nawili
frustrirebulni iyvnen xolo meore nawili ara (frustrireba moxda imiT, rom
subieqtebma ver SeasrulesZneli davaleba dawesebul droSi). amis Semdeg subieqtebs
eZleodaT SesaZlebloba daejildoebinaT an daesajaT miore piri (romelic
eqsperimentatoris Tanamonawile iyo ). piri iRebda jildos daswavlis amocanebSi
swori pasuxisTvis da sasjels roca Secdomas uSvebda. garda amisa eqsperimentuli
procedura ise warimarTa, rom subieqtebis naxevars swamda, rom maT partniors (cru
subieqts) unda scodnoda ra intensiobis sasjeli an jildo iqneboda gamoyenebuli
(sruli ukukavSiris piroba). amis sawinaaRmdegod, subieqtebis meore naxevari
informirebuli iyo, rom Tanamonawiles ecodineboda ra raodenobis jildo
iqneboda gamoyenebuli, magra maT ar hqondaT informacia dasjis odenobis Sesaxeb
(nawilobrivi ukukavSiris piroba). mkvlevarebi varaudobdnen, rom nawilobrivi
ukukavSiris pirobebSi Tu subieqtebi Tanamonawilis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneben Zlier
sajels amiT isini mxolodTavianTi mtruli agresiulobis demonstrirebas
moaxdendnen. saqme imaSia, rom roca individma ar icis sasjelis ra formats miiRebs
SecdomisTvis, sasjeli ar iqneba efeqturi saSualeba Sesrulebis donis
gasaumjobeseblad. aseT situaciaSi susti iqneba sasjeli Tu Zlieri, faqtiurad
mniSvneloba ara aqvs. amrigad aseT situaciaSi Tu subieqti gamoiyenebs Zlier
sasjels, es misi TanamonawilesaTvis zianis miyenebis survilis maCvenebeli iqneba.
Tu subieqti Zlier sasjels gamoiyenebs sruli ukukavSiris porobebSi, es SeiZleba
ganvixiloT rogorc instrumentaluri agresiuloba- rom dasja xorcieldeba raTa
individma davalebis ukeTesad Sesrulebas miaRwios. avtorebi varaudobdnen, rom
tipi a pirovnebas ufro unda ganexorcielebina mtruli agresia vidre tip b-s.
Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom asec moxda. nawilobrivi ukukavSiris pirobebSi. tipi a,
romelic frustrirebuli iyo, iyenebda ufro Zlier sasjels vidre tipi b. ara
frustraciis pirobebSi am ori tipis qceva ar iyo gansxvavebuli. damatebiTi
kvleviTi monacemebi adastureben am Sedegebs. mag., armoCnda,rom tipi a ufro meti
albaTobiT axorcielebs iseT qcevebs rogoricaabavSvebis gakicxva, dasja. aRmoCnda,

rom qalebis, romlebic bavSvebis mimarT iyeneben dasjis da gakicxvis meTds, 75

procenti iyo a tipis.
sqesi da agresia. dgeba sakiTxi arian mamakacebi ufro agresiulebi vidre
qalebi, rogorc amas folklori varaudobs? statistika aCvenebs, rom
ZaladobiTi aqtiobisaTvis mamakacebi ufro xvdebian sapatimroebSi vidre qalebi.
miuTiTebs es imaze,rom agresiulobaSi gansxvaveba sqess Soris marTla arsebobs?
egli da steffeni (eagli da steffeni, 1986) am sakiTxze arsebuli kvlevebis
analizis safuZvelze mividnen daskvnamde, rom mamakacebi marTlac avlenen met
agresiulobas vidre qalebi. magram gansxvavebis odenoba aris mcire. amasTan,
gansxvaveba Cans, rom aris mniSn\vnelovani zogierT konteqstSi da ara yvelaSi.
mag. gansxvaveba gamokveTili iyo roca kvleva exeboda fizikur agresiulobas.
magram gansxvaveba TiTqmis ar dadasturda roca kvleva exeboda agresiis ara
fizikur formebs (varbaluriTavdasxmas mizezi? arian mamakacebi daprogramirebulebi
ZaladobisaTvis ufro met xarisxSi vidre qalebi? Tu es gansxvaveba aris
ubralod kontrastuli rolebis, kulturiT ganmtkicebuli rwmenebis, Sedegi,
rom mamakaci unda iyos ufro mtkice da agresiuli, xolo qali unda iyos
keTili, mzrunveli da frTxili? miuTiTeben, rom jer kidev mcire monacemebi
gvaqvs am kiTxvaze amomwuravi pasuxis gasacemad. ise erTi ram faqtia,
mniSvnelovani roli unda hqondes am sakiTxSi genderul rolebs, saerTod
socializaciis procesebs. rom agresiulobaSi genderuli gansxvaveba am
sakiTxebTan mWidrod unda iyos dakavSirebuli. es ki gvafiqrebinebs, rom
agresiaSi genderuli gansxvaveba ugro gamovlindeba garkveul pirobebSi da ara
yvelaSi. varaudoben, rom agresiulobaSi es gansxvaveba unda Sesustdes
mamakacurobasa da qalurobis Sesaxe tradiciuli stereotipebis
SesustebasTan erTad.

agresiis arideba da kontroli

gabrazebulia, agresiis
gamoxatva amcirebs gabrazebas da mas naklebad agresiuls xdis. meores mxriv,
gamoxatul agresias tendencia aqvs aswavlos individs imoqmedos agresiulad da
saerTod zrdis albaTobas, momdevno SemTxvevisTvis iyos agresiuli. e.i.Tu
individi ar aris gabrazebuli u.y. dominanturia daswavlis efeqti agresiulobis
tendencia izrdeba. Tu individi gabrazebulia Cveulebriv dominirebulia
kaTarzisis efeqti da agresiuloba mcirdeba. agresiis fenomenis cnobili
mkvlevarebi berkovici, baasi, feSbaxi, Cans rom eTanxmebian frustraciis
fenomenis aseT analizs.
amrigad, kaTarzisis hipoTezis Tanaxmad, rodesac individi gabrazebulia da
ganaxorcielebs Zlier magram ara zianis momtan qcevas Sedegi SeiZleba iyos:
1.aRZvris donis Semcireba da @2.Ria agresiuli qcevis tendenciis Semcireba.
miuxedavad am debulebebis optimisturi tonalobisa, aRmoCnda, rom arc erTi es
debuleba mxardaWerili ar aris kvleviTi SedegebiT.
pirveli debuleba, rom provocirebidan an frustraciidan momdinare
emocionaluri daZabuloba SeZleba ara agresiul aqtiobaSi monawileobiT
Semcirdes, kvlevebiT erTmniSvnelovnad ar dasturdeba. mag.,marTalia fizikurad
damRleli aqtioba amcirebda emocionalur daZabulobas, magram es efeqti

aRmoCnda mxolod droebiTi.sakmarisi aRmoCnda dasveneba raTa es efeqti

gamqraliyo.
saerTod, Catarebuli kvlevebi miuTiTeben, rom agresiulobis dones ar
amcirebs:
1 kino da tele filmebis yureba sadac moWarbebuli Zaladobis scenebia
2. Tavdasxma ara sulier obieqtebze
3. sxvebis winaaRmdeg verbaluri agresis
arsebobs monacemebi, romlebic miuTiTeben rom TiToeul am pirobam SeiZleba
gazardos agresiuloba.
amriga winaaRmdeg popularuli rwmenisa, kaTarzisi Cans rom ar aris
agresiuli qcevis Semcirebis efeqturi saSualeba.
agresiis Semcirebis sxva teqnika
gamomdinare im didi ubedurobidan, rac sozogadoebisTvis moaqvs agresias
gasagebia fsiqologebis didi interesi sakiTxisadmi SeiZleba Tu ara agresiis
arideb? Tu ganwirulebi varT Zaladobisa da simkacris usasrulo ciklis
gameorebisTvis, sanam kacobrioba ar Sewyvets arsebobas? arada, dRes, msoflioSi
adamianis xelT arsebuli akumulirebuli energiis raodenoba amis realur
SesaZleblobas iZleva. yovelive es da is didi diskomforti, romelsac
agresia uqmnis adamianebs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi aSkarad miuTiTebs adamianuri
agresiis kontrolis da aridebis udides mniSvnelobaze.
marTalia arsebobs pesimisturi damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi, magram
socialuri fsiqologebis umravlesoba iqiTken ixreba,rom agresiis arideba da
kontroli SesaZlebelia. miaCniaT, rom socialur fsiqologias aqvs efeqturi
teqnika da strategiebi, romelTa saTanadod gamoyeneba sasurvel Sedegebs
mogvcems. Cven aq ganvixilabT zdgierT maTgans, SevexebiT maT siZlieresa da
sisusteebs.
dasja, rogorc agresiis Semakavebeli
adamiani yovelTvis iyenebda dasjas, rogorc agresiis Semakavebel
saSualebas. sakmaod Zlieri sasjeli iyo gamoyenebuli iseTi mZime
danaSaulisTvis rogoricaa mkvleloba da gaupatiureba da a.S. aris marTla es
saSualeba efeqturi? ra Tqma unda garkveuli gagebiT is efeqturia. Tu individi,
romelic miuRebel Zaladobis danaSauls Cadis dapatimrebulia, sikvdil
misjilia, is ukve ver gaimeorebs msgavs saqciels momavalSi. magram dgeba
sakiTxi ramdenad iqneba is efeqturi rogorc agresiis Semakavebeli? am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT didi xania arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. Tumca dReisaTvis, Cans
sakmao safuZveli gvaqvs davaskvnaT, rom Tu gonivrulad gamoviyenebT, dasja
SeiZleba iyos momavali Zaladobis efeqturi Semakavebeli. arsebuli monacamebi
gvarwmuneben, rom dasjas SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos qcevaze, Tu is
ganxorcieldeba garkvel pirobebSi. es pirobebia: 1. dasja dauyonebliv. anu
arasasurvel qcevas dasja unda mosdevdes dauyonebliv; 2. simkacre. dasja
mimRebisTvis unda iyos sakmao siZlieris;3 maRali albaToba dasja unda
mosdevdes arasasurveli qcevis yvela SemTxvevas.
garda amisa, dadgenili fqtia, rom individze xSirad Zlier gavlenas axdens
sxvisi qcevis Sedegebis yureba. Tu individi mowmea imisa, rom sxva individi

jildovdeba garkveuli qcevisaTvis, tendencia TviTon ganaxorcielos

analogiuri qceva izrdeba.. Tu individi xedavs rogor daisaja sxva garkveuli
qcavisaTvis is Tavs Seikavebs ganaxorcielos msgavsi qceva (bandura). amdenad
arsebobs safuZveli mtkicebisTvis, rom Tu potencionaluri agresori mowmea
dasjisa, romelsac Rebulobs ganaSaulis Camdeni, is Tavs Seikavebs TviTon
ganaxorcielos msgavsi qceva.
samwuxarod, pirobebi romelzec visaubreT, iSviaTadaa gaTvaliswinwbuli
roca dasjas iyeneben raTa aRkveTon agresia. xSirad, Zaladobis danaSaulsa da
am qcevisTvis individis dasjas Soris intervali aris didi. garda amis dasjis
intensioba icvleba did diapazonSi da a.S. yovelive amis gamo, ar unda iyos
gasaocari, rom Cveulebrivdasja ar aris gaazrebuli rogorc Zaladobrivi
danaSaulis aRkveTis efeqturi saSualeba. magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom dasjas
ara aqvs efeqti. dasjas eqneba efeqti Tu daculi iqneba garkveli pirobebi.
katarzisi.
garkveul situaciaSi iqneba Tu ara individi agresiuli
determinirebulia ori cvladiT agresiulobis impulsis siZlieriT da imiT
Tu ra aqvs individs daswavlili mocemul situaciaSi agresiis gamovlenasTan
dakavSirebiT. agresiulobis impulsis siZliere nawilobriv determinirebulia
frustraciis xarisxiT da provokaciis xasiaTiT, nawilobriv ki pirovnuli
maxasiaTeblebiT da imiT Tu ra aqvs daswavlili individs agresiis gamoxat
vasTan mimarTebaSi. tendencia gamoxato agresia Ria qcevaSi determinirebulia
imiT Tu ra aqvs saerTod daswavlili individs agresiulobaze da mocemul
situaciaze kerZod.
rodesac individi gabrazebulia da ar SeuZlia Tavisi agresia grZnobis
gamomwvev wyaroze TavdasxmiT gamoxatos, agresiulobis grZnobis Semcireba
SeiZleba misi ara agresiuli an yovel SemTxvevaSi socialurad misaRebi formiT
gamoxatviT, mag. iTamaSos fexburTi, an ubralod uyuros mokriveebis brZolas,
gaxdes sxvisi agresiuli qcevis mowme da a.S. da bolos SeiZleba adaminma
moaxdinos Tavisi grZnobis sublimacia, anu masa gadatana SedarebiT
konstruqciuli qcevis arxebSi. SeuZlia CaiZiros Tavis samuSaoSi, an
gaakeTos rame, rac socialurad misaRebia da moiTxovs did energias. fenomens,
rom romelime aseTi qceva (socialurad misaRebi agresia, Semcvleli agresia,
sublimacia) amcirebs gabrazebis grZnobas da amdenad axdens agresiis Semcirebas
uwodeben kaTarzis.
kaTarzisis ideas safuZveli Cauyara aristotelem, berZnuli tragediebis
gavleniT, roca am tragediebis miznebze saubrobda. tragediis mayurebeli
tragediis yurebisas ganicdis mTel rig emociebs. mag., roca tragediis gmiri
safrTxis winaSea, miuxedavad imisa, rom mayurebels araferi emuqreba is mainc
ganicdis SiSs. ra Tqma unda es SiSi ar moqmedebs mis qcevaze, isini ar garbian.
mayurebeli SiSs gamoxatavs piesis gmiris aqtiobiT. aristoteles azroT,
emociis aseTi aRZvra da gamoxatva Sedegad iZleva emociis gantvirTvas anu
keTerziss. aristotele am efeqtSi gulisxmobs imas, rom SemdgomSi mayurebels
naklebad eqneba tendencia ganicados es emocia.
katarzisis froidiseuli koncepcia ramdenadme gansxvavebulia. froidi xazs
usvams grZnobis eqspresiis mniSvnelobas. misi azriT, gerkveuli impulsis
gamoxatva (eqspresia) amcirebs mis siZlieres. mag., Tu individi gabrazebulia,
agresiuli aqtioba amcirebs gabrazebas.
marTalia kaTarzisis yvelaze efeqturi saSualeba aris individma TviTon
gamoxatos es impulsi, magram grZnobis siZlieris Semcireba mis ara pirdapir

gamoxatvasac SeuZlia. aRmoCnda, rom Tu frustraciis Ywyaroze sxva piri

ganaxorcielebs agresiul Tavdasxmas, es Semcvleli agresiac amcirebs
gabrazebas. erTi sityviT, aRmoCnda, rom agresiis yoveli gamoxatva (pirdapiri,
gadanacvlebuli an Semcvleli) iwvevs garkveul kaTarziss.
maS, kaTarzisi gulisxmobs imas, rom gamovlenil agresias tendencia aqvs
Seamciros momdevno agresia. mraval situaciaSi kaTarxisi SesaZl;oa asec
moqmedebs. agresiuli qcevis ganxorcieleba an frustraciis wyaros dasjilad
xilva individSi amcirebs agresiul grZnobas da Sesabamisad naklebad eqneba
gabrazeba an tendencia vneba miayenos sxvas.
ra Tqma unda Secdoma iqneboda gvefiqra, rom nebis darTva gamoxatos Ria
agresia, individs naklebad agresiuls gaxdis. piriqiT, agresiis daSvebas xSirad
sawinaaRmdego efeqti aqvs, is zrdis agresias.
kvlevebi,romlebic kaTarzisis bunebis garkvevas exeba, garkveuli ganzogadoebis
SesaZleblobis iZleva. Cans, rom roca individi
garda dasjisa da kaTarzisisa, SemaTavazebul iqna adamianis agresiulobis
kontrolirebis sxva procedurebi. kerZod ara agresiuli modelis eqspozicia,
socialuri unarebis gavajiSeba da reaqciebis SeuTavsebloba
ara agresiuli modelis eqspozicia anu TavSekavebis gambedaoba. Tu
Zaladobis filmebis eqspozicia, mayurebelSi zrdis agresiulobas, gonivruli
Cans movelodeT, rom sasurvel efeqts miviRebT Tu movaxdenT im individis
qcevis eqspozicias, romelmac savsebiT efeqturad gaarTva Tavi masze ganxorci
elebul provokacias. roca teleekranze naCveneb iyo e.w. ara agresiuli modeli
misi pozitiuri SedegebiT, beronisa da misi kolegebis kvleviTi Sedegebi adastu
reben qcevis ara agresiuli modelebis gamoyenebis efeqturobas.
socialuri unarebis gavarjiSeba. xSirad erTerTi mTavari mizezi Tu ratom
aRmoCnda individi agresiul situaciaSi, aris is, rom mas aklia socialuri
unari, romelic SesaZleblobas miscems mas aicilos aseTi situacia. kerZod
aRmoCnda, rom maT ar SeuZliaT sxvebTan sakuTari survilebis komunikacia, aqvT
TavisTavis eqspresiis arc Tu isi efeqturi stili, eremgrZnobi ar arian im
maniSneblebis mimarT, romlebic amJRavneben sxvis emocionalur mdgomareobas.
yovelive amis gamo isini xSirad xdebian frustrirebulebi ( yovel SemTxvevaSi
Znelia partniorisTvis gaigos Tu ra surs mas) da amboben da akeTeben iseT
rameebs, rac abrazebs im individebs visTanac arian urTierTobaSi. kvleviTi
monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom individebi, romlebsac ara aqvT es unarebi,
warmodgenen, sazogadoebaSi arsebuli Zaladobos SemTxvbevebis umetesi nawilis
mizezs. Tu es asea, maSin gasagebia ra didi mniSvneloba eqneba Tu adamianebs
davexmarebiT am unarebis dauflebaSi. erTi sityviT adamianebs vaswavlo is.
SeuTavsebeli reaqciebi: empatia, iumori da susti seqsualuri aRZvra.
agresiulobis donis Semcirebis es teqnika efuZneba bazisur princips, rom
SeuZlebelia ganvaxorcieloT ori SeuTavsebadi reaqcia an ganvicadoT ori
SeuTavsebadi emocionaluri mdgomareoba erTda imave dros. miuTiTeben, rom am
bazisuri principis gamoyeneba SeiZleba agresiis mamarTac. potencionalur
agresorSi, SeiZleba agresiulobis done SevamciroT Tu masSi gamoviwvevT
emocias an reaqcias romelic SeuTavsebelia agresiul qcevasTan an gabrazebis
emociasTan. rom es marTlac asea dasturdeba mTeli rigi gamokvlevebiT. Tu
gabrazebul adamianSi gamoviwvevT emociebs, romlebic gabrazebisadmi an Ria
agresiisadmi SeuTavsebelni arian (empatia, iumori, susti seqsualuri aRZvra),

Cndeba agresiis Semcirebis Tendencia. adamianebi sasiamovno an bednieri foniT,

ar arian Zaladobis qcevis ganxorcielebis kandidatebi.

prosocialuri qceva
prosocialuri qcevis intensiur kvlevebs biZgi misca aRmaSfoTebelma faqtma,
romelic moxda niuiorkSi 1964wels. SemTxvevam farTo sazogadoebis yuradReba
miiqcia. qeTi j. gvian saRamos samuSaodan brundeboda saxlSi. moulodnelad mas
Tavs daesxa xuligani, romelmac naxevari saaTis ganmavlobaSi qeTis ramodenime
Wriloba miayena daniT. qeTiyviroda, iTxovda Svelas, magram mas aravin gamoesarCla.
Ziebam daadastura, rom axlo mdebare saxlidan 38 macxovrebeli fanjridan
uyurebda qeTis brZolas kriminalTan, magram ara Tu aravin gamovida dasaxmareblad,
policiaSic ar dareka arcerTma. policia gamoiZaxes mxolod 20 wuTis Semdeg
, mas Semdeg rac borotmoqmedma datova mokluli qeTi da gaiqca. policia movida
gamoZaxebidan 2 wuTSi. xolo TviTmxilvelebi gamovidnen ezoSi mxolod imis Semdeg
rac saswrafo daxmarebam gaasvena micvalebuli. dadga sakiTxi, ratom aravin
gamovida qeTis dasaxmareblad? Tundac ratom droze ardareka vinmem policiaSi?

sabednierod, xSiria SemTxveva roca adamianebi ara marto siamovnebiT exmarebian

sxvebs, iCenen qvelmoqmedebas, aramed xSirad, sicocxlisTvis saSiS riskzec ki
midian sxvis dasaxmareblad. kacobriobam adamianebis asaTi altruistuli qcevis
uamravi SemTxveva icis.
yovelive aman ubiZga socialur fsiqologebs, mecnieryli meTodebis gamoyenebiT
gaecaT pasuxi kiTxvaze TviTmxilvelebizogjer ratom ar exmarebian ucxos, roca
es maT Zalian sWirdebaT? an ratomaa, rom zogjer adamianebi sicocxlis riskzec ki
midian raTa daxmareba gauwion ucxos. am problemis ganxilvamde albaT saWiroa
ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan altruizmi da prosocialuri qceva.
altruizmi da prosocialuri qceva
altruistuls uwodeben individis miersakuTari nebiT ganxorcielebul
daxmarebiT, raime sargebelis miRebis molodinis gareSe. aseTi qcevisaTvis
erTaderTi sargebeliiqneba is rom gakeTda keTili saqme. am definiciiT qceva aris
Tu ara altruistuli ganisazRvreba im individis ganzraxviT, vinc daxmarebiT
qcevas axorcielebs.
prosocialuri qceva Tavisi mniSvnelobiT SedarebiT ufro farTea da moicavs
nebismier qcevas, romelic mimarTulia sxva adamianisTvis daxmarebis gawevisken,
miuxedevad imisa Tu ra motivi udevs mas safuZvlad. umravlesoba aseTi
prosocialuri qceva SeiZleba ar iyos uangarod ganxorcielebuli. Tu aseTi
daxmarebiTi qceva xorcieldeba raTa StabeWdileba moaxdino vinmeze an imisTvis,
rom qula daiwero, romelic SemdgomSi gamogadgeba cxovrebiseuli karierisaTvis,
qceva ar CaiTvleba altruistulad.
kvlevebi adastureben, rom prosocialuri qceva sazogadoebriv urTierTobaSi
Cveulebrivi movlenaa. 3-5 wlis bavSvebze dakvirvebebic ki aCveneben, rom isini erTi
saaTis ganmavlobaSi 15 aseT prosocialur qcevas axorcieleben. aseve dasturdeba
prosocialuri aqtioba, garkveuli sixSiriT, yvela asakis adamianebSi.
aRmoCnda, rom prosocialur qcevaze gavlenas axdens adamianebs Soris
urTerTobis xasiaTi. miuxedavad imisa prosocialuri efuZneba movaleobis grZnobas,
empatias Tu sxva motivebs, meti albaTobiT im adamianebis mimarT xorcieldeba
visac vicnobT an vinc gviyvars vidra imaT mimarT visac ar vicnobT. Tanac aRmoCnda
romnacnobebisa da megobrebisadmi daxmareba xorcieldeba winaswar ganzraxviT.
Tumca, rogorc zemoT miuTiTeT, udcxosadmi daxmareba, roca mes es sWirdeba arc
Tu ise iSviaTi movlenaa.
socialur fsiqologiaSi iyo mcdeloba prosocialur qcevasTan dakavSirebuli
movlenebi aexsnaT TanagrZnoba indiferentulobis fenomeniT, magram Semdgom
kvlevebSi
gansxvavebuli
cvladebis
mniSvnelobaze
gamaxvilda
yuradReba.
gansakuTrebiT aRiniSna is faqti, rom mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda sxvisadmi daxmarebis
saWiroebisas potencionaluri damxmare martoa Tu sxvebis kompaniaSia. aRmoCnda,
rom martoxela mowme ufroa mzad (da daxmarebas axorcielebs ufro swrafad)
vidre roca masTan erTad sxvebic arian. am faqts mowmis efeqti uwodes.

mowmis efeqti
SemTxvevebze dakvirvebis safuZvelze darlei da latanem (

) wamoayenes hipoTeza, rom roca individs sWirdeba daxmareba,

adamianebisagan daxmareba miT ufro naklebia, rac ufro metia SemTxvevis mowme
adamianebis raodenoba. hipoTeza Semowmda eqsperimentulad sadac subieqti,
sxvisTvis daxmarebis saWiroebis situaciaSi, iyo an erTi an or an xuT sxva
individebTan erTad. Fqtiurad namdvili subieqti iyo erTi. sxvebi iyvnen e.w. cru
subieqtebi. eqsperimentul situaciaSi cru subieqti, Sida satelefono sistemiT
awarmoebda diskusias. satelefono diskusiis xmebi sinamdvileSi Cawerili iyo
firze. diskusiis dawyebidan ramodenime wuTis Semdeg CanawerSi Canda TiTqos
individi Zlivs sunTqavda, rac miuTiTebda imaze rom individi ganicdida sunTqvis
Sekavebas. dakvirveba xdeboda imaze Tu rogor moiqceoda namdvili subieqti.
hipoTeza winaswarmetyvelebda, rom situaciaSi rac ufro meti iqneboda mowmeebis
raodenoba mit ufro iqneboda subieqtis mier daxmarebis qcevis ganxorcielebis
albaToba. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom roca subieqti iyo marto, mas reagirebisTvis
sWirdeboda erTi wuTi. xolo roca situaciaSi iyo xuTi mowme, subieqti reagirebda
sam wuTiani yoymanis Semdeg. analogiuri Sedegebi dadasturda mTer rig
laboratoriul da ve;is kvlevebSi. amasTan aRmoCnda, rom mowmis efeqts (rom, rac
ufro metia potenciuri damxmaris raodenoba, miT ufro naklebia daxmarebis qcevis
albaToba)
ufro
gamokveTilad
adgili
aqvs
situaciaSi,
sadac
maRalia
orazrovnobis xarisxi imaze Tu ra xdeba an risi gakeTeba Seizleba. darlei da
latane (Latane, Darlley, 1970) pirovnebis qcevis kognitur models, sadac ganxilulia
gadawyvetilebis seriebi romelsac individi axorcielesc garkveul situaciaSi.
modeli exeba imas, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra seriebs gaivlis individi raTa
minimumamda daiyvanos situaciis orazrovnoba da gansazRvros Tu risi gakeRebaa
saWiro.
amrigad, sxvisi arseboba xels uSlis prosocialur aqtiobas. dgeba sakiTxi
ratom? am kiTxvaze iZleva pasuxs latane da darleis mier SemoTavazebuli
kognituri modeli, romelic warmoadgens prosocialuri qcevis erTerT Teoriul
midgomas. garda amisa cnobilia prosocialuri qcevisadmi Semdegi Teoriuli
midgomebi, esenia: daswavlis teoriuli midgoma; evolucionisturi midgoma; da
bolos prosocialuri qcevis gaazreba socialuri normis poziciebidan.
latane da darleis azriT, sxvisTvis daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebi
miRebis situacia Seicavs socialuri azrovnebis procesebs da racionaluri gadawyve
tilebis miRebas. sqema daaxloebiT aseTia:
1 safexuri
SeamCnia individma, rom
raRaca xdeba?
diax
2 safexuri
situacia aris sworad
gagebuli?
diax
3 safexuri
individi iRebs

pasuxismgeblobas?
diax
4 safexuri
ganxorcielda
andividi iRebs gadawyvetilebas ra gaakeTos?

daxmarebis qceva ar

diax
5 safexuri
individi iwyebs aqtiobas?
diax
6 safexuri
daxmareba ganxorcielda

aq warmodgenili safexurebis TanamimdevrobaSi, individi yovel safexurze irCevs

aqtiobas, romelic miiyvans an ar miiyvans daxmarebis qcevis ganxorcielebamde. am
procesis yovel safexurze moqmedebs specifikuri cvladi romelic mxars uWers an
aferxebs prosocialur qcevas. SedarebiT kargadaa Seswavlili ori aseTi cvladi:
pasuxismgeblobis difuzia da dacinvis SiSi
pasuxismgeblobis difuzia. rocaSemTxvevis ramodenime mowme arsebobs,
TiToeuli potencionaluri damxmarea, Sedegad viRebTpasuxismgeblobis difuzias.
es imas niSnavs, rom dgeba sakiTxi visi saqmea daxmarebis gaweva? es ki aRmoCnda, rom
prosocialuri qcevis ganxorcielebis erTerTi mniSvnelovani Semeferxebeli
faqtoria. mravali gamokvleva mieZRvna sakiTxs Tu rogor SeiZleba acilebul iqnas
pasuxismgeblobis difuzia. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom sakmaod efeqturie jgufSi
gacnobierebuli lideris arseboba, romelic organizacias ukeTebs imas Tu vin ra
unda gaakeTos. aseT SemTxvevaSi jgufi sakmaod efeqturad da Seuferxeblad
axorcielebs daxmarebis qcevas. Tundac lideris ar arsebobisas, Tu erTerTi
miwmeTagani Tavisi iniciativiT daiwyebs daxmarebis qcevas, Cndeba tendecia is
gaxdes modeli sxvebisTvis, da advilad aubamen sxvebi mas mxars (Morgan, 1978).
garda amisa, aRmoCnda rom Tu jgufSi dominirebs socialuri pasuxismgeblobis
norma, sxvisi arseboba faqtiurad zrdis prosocialuri qcevis ganxorcielebis
albaTobas. saintereso faqtia, rom isini vinc prosocialur qcevas axorcieleben
mas Semdeg rac naxes damxmare modeli, TavianT Tavs naklebad altruistulad
aRiqvamen vidre isini vinc sxvebs exmarebian spontanurad (Thomas, Batson, coke, 1981)
xSirad adamianebi, aRmoCnda, rom ucnobisadmi daxmarebis qcevas ar axorcieleben
imitom, rom ubralod ar ician ra gaakeTon rogor gaakeTon es. esaa erTerTi
mizezi imisa, rom lideris an sxva modelis arsebobas TiTqmis gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs. amitom, bunebrivia Tu individi iswavlis rogor mouaros
problemas, Sedegad miviRebT prosocialuri qcevis albaTobis gazrdas. marTlac
erTerT kvlevaSi, romelic exeboda adamianisaTvis daxmarebas, romelsac sisxlis
denis problema hqonda, aRmoCnda, rom Tu subieqts wakiTxuli hqonda wiTeli jvris

mier gamocemuli broSurapirveli daxmarebis Sesaxeb, da garkveula gavarjiSebuli

iyo am sakiSi ufro meti albaTobiT da efeqturad axorcielebdnen daxmarebas
vidre isini,romlebsac ar hqondaT wakiTxuli aRniSnuli broSura (
1985)
msgavsi Sedegi iqna miRebuli, rocakompetenturobis doneaamaRles imiT, rom
gogonebs ayurebine filmebis seria ( sami filmi) romelic karg informacias
iZleoda pirveladi daxmarebis sakiTxebze.
sxvisadmidaxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRibisas aRmoCnda, rom
individi SeiZleba dadges garkveuli problemis winaSE. saqme imaSia, rom daxmarebis
gawevisas SeiZleba miviRoT sawinaaRmdego Sedegi, ziani mivayenos imas visi
daxmarebasac vcdilobT.. erTi sityviT SesaZleblobam, rom prosocialurma
aqtiobam meti ziani moutanos individs vidre sikeTe, moqmedebs rogorc
Semakavebeli faqtori
gansakuTrebiT, roca sxva mowmeebic arseboben.
SesaZlebeli dacinvis arideba. situaciaSi sxva mowmis arseboba aferxebs
prosocialur aqtiobas imitomac, rom eSiniaT ar dauSvan socialurad uxeSi
Secdoma. individma , raTa ireagiros moulodnel SemTxvevaze, unda Sewyvitos is
saqmianoba rasac is am dros akeTebda da CaerTos moulodnel, SesaZloa misTvis
uCveulo saqmianobaSi. martoxela mowme swored ase iqceva, Tanac yovelgvari
meryeobis gareSe. roca sxva mowmeebic arseboben, Cndeba tendencia daucados meti
informaciis miRebas vidredauSvas Secdoma, ar gamoCndes suleli. xom SeiZleba
situacia mcdarad iqnas gagebuli an yvelaferi xumroba iyos. aseT situaciaSi
socialuri sifrTxile akavebs daxmarebiTi qcevis ganxorcielebas.
amasTan kvlevebi aCveneben, rom Tu SemTxvevis mowmeebi arTmaneTisTvis ucxoebi
arian, daxmarebis qceva ferxdebaimis gamo, rom isini, rogorxc erTmaneTisTvis
ucxoebi, yoymanoben komunikacia daamyaron erTmaneTTan, rac aucilebelia raTa
gaigon ra xdeba an Tu risi gakeTebaa saWiro. Tu mowmeebi nacnobebi arian urTerT
komunikacia gaadvilebulia, advilad igeben situaciis bunebas da prosocialuri
qcevac efeqturad xorcieldeba.
gamoTvlili sargebeli da danakargi.
prosocialur qcevas individisTvis
SeiZlebaar hqondes raime sargebeli, magram miuxedavad amisa mravali
mkvlevariuSvebs, romaltruistuli qceva xorcieldeba imitom, rom faqtiurad is
momgebiania. prosocialuri qceva individSi iwvevs pozitiur grZnobas Tavis Tavis
Sesaxeb. amitomaa, rom prosocialuri qceva rac ufro saSiSi da SfoTvis
gamowvevia miT ufro damajildovebelia subieqtisaTvis. erTi sityviT, sxvisTvis
daxmarebis gaweva iadamianSi dadebiT emociebs iwvevs. erTerTi axsna amisa aris is,
rom altruizmi Tandayolili reaqciis tendenciaa, romelsac garkveuli SeguebiTi
Rirebuleba aqvs. erTi da igivesaxeobis erTmaneTze damokidebul wevrebs Soris
TanamSromluri qceva, CaTvlilia, rom zrdis upiratesobis miniWebas sxvebisTvis,
romlebic saerTo genebs inewileben. sakiTxis aseTma gaazrebam, hofmani miiyvana
daskvnamde, rom altruizmi adamianis bunebis integralur nawils warmoadgens
(Hofman, 1981).. magram , Tundac biologiuri safuZvlebis daSvebis gareSe, SeiZleba
vamtkicoT, rom prosocialur qcevas xSirad mivyevarT jildomde da amdenadis
SeiZleba advilsd iqnas daswavlili, ise rogorc nebismieri sxva ram. ra Tqma unda
zogjer prosocialuri qcevisaTvis viRebT uaryofiT ganmtkicebas, da amdenad
adamianma SeiZleba iswavlos, romar unda daexmaro sxvas. mTeli rigi kvlevebiT
dadasturebuluia prosocialuri qcevis ganmtkicebis Teoriis principebiT axsnis

marTebuloba. erTi sityviT mniSvneloba aqvs imas prosocialuri qcevisaTvis

individi daisaja Tu dajildovda.
evolucionisturi midgoma.
zemoT Cven ganvixileT prosocialuri qcevisadmi
kognituri da daswavlis Teoriuli midgoma. cnobilia agreTve am sakiTxisadmi
evolucionisturi midgoma.
jer kidev darvini miuTiTebda cxovalTa saganZurSi arsebuli qceviTi nimuSebis
mniSvnelobaze misive saxeobis cxovelebisaTvis. mag., kurdReli mtacebeli cxovelis
moaxloebis Sesaxeb Tavis moZmeebs acnobebda Tavisi ukana TaTebiT xmauris
gamowveviT. faqtiurad kurdReli aseTi qceviT TavisTavs avJRavnebda, magram mas
Tavisi modgmis gadarCenis TvalsazrisiT didi SeguebiTi mniSvneloba Hqonda.
msgavcsi ram SemCneulia cxovelTa sxva saxeobebSic..
cxovelebSi aseTi urTierT daxmarebis qcevebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar jdeba
junglebis kanonebis Sesaxeb arsebul WarmodgenebSi, rom mkacr konkurenciaSi
imarjvebs Zlieri. e.w. altruistuli qceva ar jdeba evolucionistur TvalsazrisSi
TviTSewirviT maTi Sansi gadarCenisa sakmaod mcirdeba. isini
kargavenSesaZleblobas
TavianTi ganabi gadascen momdevno Taobas.
am paradoqsis axsna nacadia e.w. evolucionistur fsiqologiaSi. am midgomis
Tanaxmad, genetikurad ganpirobebulinebismieri niSani, romelsac SeguebisaTvis
maRali Rirebuleba gaaCnia, tendencia aqvs gadaeces momaval Taobas. sxvebze
daxmarebis tendenciasSeiZleba genebis SenarCunebisTvis maRali Rirebuleba hqondes
magram ara TviT individisTvis. mag., frinveli,romelic Tavs swiravs Tavisi eqvsi
bartyis gadarCenisaTvis, faqtiurad misi genetikuri fondi grZeldeba mas eqvs
bartySi da amiT meti sargebloba moaqvs saxeobis gadarCenisaTvis vidre mas TviTon
SeenarCunebina sicocxle bartyebis gawirvis xarjze.
evolucionisturi midgoma gvTavazobs ramodenime specifikur prognozs. rom
cxovelebi umTavresad daxmarebas gauweven imaT, romlebsac meti genetikuri
kavSirebi aqvT maTTan. rom maT daxmareba unda gauwion ufro TavianTi ojaxis
wevrebs vidre Soreul naTesvebs an ucxoebs. garda amisa mSoblebi ufro
altruistulebi iqnebian TavianTi jansaRi Stamomavlobis mimarT vidre imaT mimarT
romlebsac gadarCenis naklebi Sansi aqvT. rom dedebi ufro altruistulebi
iqnebian TavianTi Stamomavlibis mimarT vidre mamebi. amis mizezs xedaven imaSi, rom
cxovelTa samyaros mTel rig saxeobebSi, mamrebs aqvT biologiuri potenciali
yavdeT Stamomavlebis sakmaod didi raodenoba da amiT daamkvidron TavianTi genebi
ise, rom maincda mainc ar izrunon calkeuli wevrebisaTvis. maSion roca mdedri
SedareiT ufro mcire raodenobis Stamomavlobas iZleva, amitom man unda izrunos
Tavisi TiToeuli StamomavlobisTvis raTa sakuTari genebis damkvidreba SeZlos.
Tu ramdenad misaRebia evolucionisturi midgoma adamianis prosocialuri
qcevis asaxsnelad, jer kidev Riad rCeba. saewvod Cans debuleba, rom altruistuli
qceva adamianSi genetikuradaa gansazRvruli. evolucionisturi midgoma, miuxedavad
amisa, varaudobs, rom TviTSenaxvis principi, romelic domenirebs evolucionistur
midgomebSi, SeiZleba yovelTvis ar iyos qcevis mTavari motivi. altruistul
tendenciebTan SeiZleba Tanaarsebobdes egoizmisa da agresiulobisake biologiuri
midrekileba,
socialuri normebi.
sakiTxisadmi evolucionisturi midgomis
kritikosebi, yuradRebas arsebiTad im faqtze amaxvileben, rom adamianis
prosocialuri qcevis determinaciaSi meti mniSvneloba socialur faqtorebs aqvs
vidre biologiurs. miuTiTeben, rom genetikuri evolucia SesaZloa gvexmareba

avxsnaT prosocialuri qcevis mxolod zogierTi fundamentaluri formebi,

rogoricaa mSoblebis TavianT Svilebze zrunva, magram verafers ambobs im qcevaze,
roca daxmareba ucxos mimarT xorcieldeba. miaCniaT, rom evolucionisturi
midgoma ver xsnis altruistul qcevas romelic absoluturad ucxo adamianis
mimarTaa ganxorcielebuli. amis magaliTad mohyavT oceolas, Savkaniani qalis,
SemTxveva. oceolam raTa Tavi erCina swavlas gaaneba Tavi da mrecxavad daiwyo
muSaoba. is ar gaTxovda, mTeli sicocxle gaatara mZime SromaSi da Tavisi isedac
mwiri Semosavalidan agrovebda fuls. 87 wlis asakSi man, mTeli Tavisi danazogi
(150 000 dolari) anderZiT gadasca samxreT misisipis Statis universitets, raTa
stipendiebi daeniSnaT gaWirvebul SavkanianebisaTvis. miaCniaT, rom aseTi faqtis
axsna SeiZleba mxolod socialuri evoluciis, sakacobrio kulturis da
civilizaciis istoriuli ganviTarebis farglebSi. CaTvlilkia, rom sazogadoeba
Tanmimdevrulad ayalibebda unarebs da warmodgenebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofdnen
socialuri jgufebis keTildReobas. ramdenadac, prosocialuri qceva pirvel rigSi
sazogadoebisTvisaa sasargeblo is TandaTanobiT gaxda socialuri wesi da norma.
aseT socialur normebad ganixileba socialuri pasuxismgebloba, reciprokuloba
da socialuri samarTlianoba.
socialuri pasuxismgebloba adamianisgan moiTxovs daxmareba gauwios im
adamianebs, romlebic maszea damokidebuli. es norma mSoblebisgan moiTxovs
uyvardeT da zrunavdnen TavianT Svilebze. maswavlebeli pasuxismgebelia mis
mowafeebze da a.S.
socialuri reciprokulobis norma miutitebs imaze, rom adamiani
pasuxismgebelia daexmaros imas vinc mas daexmara.
scialuri samarTlianobis norma exeba resursebis samarTlian da patiosan
ganawilebas.
socialuri pasuxismgebloba, reciprokuloba da socialuri samarTlianoba
aris universaluri da gvxdeba yvela adamianur sazogadoebaSi. isini
qmnianprosocialuri qcevis kulturul safuZvlebs. socializaciis
procesSiadamianebi iSinaganeben am normebs da TandaTanobiT iwyeben am normebis
Sesabamisad moqmedebas.
garemo pirobebi da prosocialuri qceva.
aRmoCnda, rom ganzraxvaze daxmareba gauwio sxvas gavlenas axdens
garemopirobebic.. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom iseTi garemo pirobebi rogoricaa amindi
qalaqis sidide, gavlenas axdens imaze Tu ramdenad varT mzad daxmareba gauwioT
sxvas.
amindid gavlena prosocialur qcevaze velis eqsperimentul situciaSi. erTerT
kvlevaSi, ucnobi quCaSi aCerebs ucnobs sTxovs daxmarebas, Seavsos kiTxvari. aseT
situaciaSi adamianebi Tnxmdebodnen daxmarebaze karg amindSi. daxmarebis survili
gacilebiT naklebi iyo cud amindSi. an kidev kvleva Catarda restoranSi, sadc
temperaturis regulireba xdeboda kondicionerebiT. aRmoCnda rom, klientebiufro
guluxvebi iyvnen gadaxdisas garkveuli temperaturis pirobebSi. an kidev,
SemTxveviTi gamvlelebi karg amindSi ufro advilad sTavazobdnen daxmarebas
mZRols, romelic Tavisi avtomobilis raRac defeqtis gamosworebas cdilobda,aSin
roca aseTi daxmarebis survili mcire iyo cud amindSi.
daxmarebis gawevis albaTobaze, aRmoCnda, rom gavlenas axdens qalaqis sidide.
ucnoba daxmarebas ufro sTavazoben patara qalaqSi vidre didSi. rogorc Cans

patara qalaqis cxovrebaSi arsebobs raRac, rac gavlenas axdens daxmarebis qcevaze.
rasac moklebulia didi qalaqi.
saintereso kvleva Caatera am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT amatom (Amato, 1983)
man avstraliis 55 dasaxlebul puntSi ikvlia prosocialuri qcevis gamovlenaSi
gansxvaveba. kvlevisaTvis man gamoiyena xuTi situacia: 1. individi SemTxveviT
gamvlels sTxovda daesaxelebina misi sayvareli feri. eubneboda, rom es mas
sWirdeboda Tavisi sakurso Sromis Sesasruleblad; 2. gamvlels SemtxveviT
uvardeba konverti; 3. Txovna gaeRotT Tanxa skleroziT daavadebulTa daxmarebis
fondisaTvis; 4. gamyidveli aSkarad mcdarad aswavlida ucnobs gzas; da 5. individi,
Sexveuli fexiT vardeba da kvnbesis tkivilisagan. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom
CamoTvlili xuTi situaciidan oTxSi daxmarebiTi qcevis procentuli maCvenebeli
gacilebiT maRali iyo patara qalaqebSi vidre did qalaqebSi. erTaderTi
gamonaklisi iyo SemTxveviT davardnili konvertis miwodeba. aq qalaqis sidideSi
gansxvavebas ar hqonda mniSvneloba. igive Sedegebi daadastura SeerTebul StatebSi
Catarebulma kvlevebma. unda aRiniSnos es kvlevebi exeboda ucnobisadmi daxmarebas.
ar aris gamoricxuli gansxvavebuli Sedegebi miviRoT Tu kvleva nacnobisadmi
daxmarebas Seexeba.
Tu ratom amJRavneben didi qalaqis macxovreblebi ucnobisadmi daxmarebis
nakleb tendencias, arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi. maT SorismiuTiTeben did
qalaqebSi macxovreblebis anonimurobaze, did qalaqebSi kriminalis maRal doneze,
mravalricxovani stimulaciiT uwyvet bombardirebaze, da bolos, did qalaqebSi
arsebuli biurokratiis winaSe iq mcxovreb adamianebis sakuTari ususurobis
grZnobaze. jer kidev mimdinareob kvlevebi da kamaTi am sakiTxebze da
gansakuTrebiT imaze Tu romeli maTgani TamaSobs SedarebiT mniSvnelovan rols.
individi ganaxorcielebs Tu ara daxmarebiT qcevas, amaSi aRmoCnda rols garkveul rols TamaSobs droiTi deficiti. adamianebi, zogjer ver axerxeben Secerabas
da sxvisadmi daxmarebis gawevas droiTi deficitis gamo. roca adamians Zalian
eCqareba, SeiZleba SeamCnios da survilic hqondes daxmarebis gawevisa, magram
droiTi deficitis gamo ver axerxebs amas. droiTi defecetis gavlena daxmarebis
qcevaze ikvlies darleim da beitsonma (Darley, Batson 1873). isini kolejis studentebs
sTxovdnen waekiTxaT leqcia, romelic daniSnuli iyo mezobel kopusSi.
amasTan, zogierTebs eubnebodnen, rom leqcia daniSnuli iyo cota mogvianebiT. ase
romdro sakmarisi hqondaT. zogierTebs ki afrTxilebdnen. rom hqondaT droiTi
deficiti da sTxovdnen rac SeiZleba swrafad misuliyvnen adgilze. gzaze
subieqtebi xdebodnen mowme imisa Tu rogor xdeba adamiani cuda da aSkarad iTxovs
Svelas. kvlevis kidev erTi Taviseburebas warmoadgenda is, rom subieqtebi iyvnen
sasuliero seminariis studentebi romalTa erT nawils leeqcia unda waekiTxa
bibliuri istoriidan keTil samariatenelze, romelmac daxmareba gauwia individs,
romelic yaCaRebma gaZarcves, scemes da datoves cocxalmkvdari.. subeqtebis meore
nawils auditoriisTvis unda moexsenebina Tavis momaval samuSao adgilze. Sedegebi
aCvenebda, rom droiTi deficiti garkveulad moqmedebda prosocialur qcevaze.
amasTan araviTari mniSvneloba ar hqonda leqciis Temas.
emociebi, atribucia da

altruizmi

pozitiuri emociebi da altruizmi.

bunebrivia vivaraudoT, rom pozitiuri
gunebganwyobis mqone individi ufro iqneba altruisti vidre negatiuri
gunebganwyobis mqone. kvlevebiT dadasturda, rom dadebiTi emiciebis fonze,

subieqtebi ufro avlendnen prosocialur aqtiobebs vidre sakontrolo jgufis

subieqtebi. subieqtebSi dadebiTi emocionaluri mdgomareobis gamowveva xdeboda
amocanis warmatebiT gadawyvetiT, fulis povniT, yuradRebis bednier momavalze
fiqsirebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, romdadasturebulad iTvleba pozitiur gunebganwyobasa da
prosocialur qcevas Soris urTierToba, Riad rCeba sakiTxi am kavSiris mizezebis
Sesaxeb. erTerTi hipoTezis Tanaxmad karg gunebganwyobaze myofi adamiani sxvisTvis
daxmarebis gaweviT axdens sakuTari emopcionaluri mdgomareobis gaxangrZlivebas.
keTili saqme saSualebas aZlevs SeinarCunos kargi gunebganwyoba. arsebobs
mosazreba agreTve, rom karg gunebganwyobaze yofna xels uwyobs ufro pozitiuri
azrebis aRmocenebas rac Tavis mxriv xels uwyobs prosocialur aqtiobas. magram
isic faqtia, rom kargi gunebganwyoba SeiZleba daxmarebis qcevis Semakavebeli
aRmoCndes, Tu ki es daxmareba daarRvevs adamianis karg gunebganwyobas. e.i. Tu xels
uSlis kargi gunebganwyobis SenmarCunebas.
negatiuri emocionaluri mdgomareoba da prosocialuri qceva.
kvlevebi
aCveneben, rom negatiuri emocionaluri mdgomareobis kavSiri altruizmTan ar aris
erTmniSvnelovani. aRmoCnda, rom negatiurma emocionalurma fonma SeiZleba xeli
Seuwyos an Seakavos an araviTari gavlena ar moaxdinos individis altruistul
tendenciebze. Tu ra gavlena eqneba negatiur emocias altruistul tendenciebze
kritikuli aRmoCnda is Tu razea fokusirebuli yuradReba. miuTiTeben, da savsebiT
samarTlianad, rom negatiuri gunebganwyoba gansazRravs yuradRebis sakuTar
saWiroebebze fokusirebas. yuradRebis sakuTar meze fokusireba ki gansazRravs imas,
rom individi ugulebelhyofs sxvas- maT Soris imasac visac daxmareba sWirdeba.
Sedegad, Tu daxmarebis Txovna ar iqneba skmaod gamokveTili, naklebia albaToba
individma ganaxorcielos prosocialuri qceva. magram, Tu negatiuri grZniba
fokusirebulia individze, romelic saWiroebs daxmarebas, Sedegad SeiZleba gamoiwvios empatia, rac gazrdis daxmarebis qcevis albaTobas. (Tompson et al 1980)
Caldinma da misma kolegebma (Cialdini et al,1987) SemogvTavazes nagatiuri
mdgomareobis Sesustebis modeli, imis asaxsnelad Tu negatiuri gunebganwyoba
zogjer ratom uwyobs xels prosocialuri qcevis ganxorcielebas. maTi azriT es
im SemTxvevaSi moxdeba TusxvisTvis daxmarebis gaweva sakuTari negatiuri
gunebganwyobis gantvirTvas Seuwyobs xels. CaTvlilia, rom sxvisTvis daxmarebis
gaweva mxolod da mxolod erTerTi SesaZlebeli saSualebaa sakuTari
gunebganwyobis gamosasworeblad. magram, isic unda gvaxsovdes, ro rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT,negatiur gunebganwyobas yovelTvis ar mivyevarT prosocialur aqtiobamde
zogadi aRZvra da prosocialuri qceva.
kvlevebi aCveneben, rom altruizmis
xarisxze SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos zogadma aRZvram, Tundac is gamowveuli iyos
fizikuri varjiSiT. dasturdeba, rom zogadi aRZvra xels uwyobs daxmarebis qcevas
Tu daxmarebis Txovna gamokveTilia. magram Tu situacia orazrovania, zogadi
aRZvra akavebs daxmarebis qcevas.
kauzaluri atribucia da altruizmi.
erTerTi damatebiTi faqtori, romelic
CarTulia emociasa da daxmarebas Soris urTierTobaSi aris kauzaluri atribucia.
kerZod, potencionalurma damxmarem unda gadawyvitos Tu ratom sWirdeba individs
daxmareba. am procesSi CarTulia e.w. kauzaluri analizi, rac gavlenas axdens
potencionaluri damxmaris emociebze da momdevno altruistul aqtiobaze.

kauzalur atribuciasa da altruistul qcevas Soris urtierToba daaxloebiT

aseTia: individi xedavs, rom adamians sWirdeba daxmareba. kauzaluri analizis
safuZvelze keTdeba movlenaze mizezis atribucia. imisdamixedviT Tu ra mizezis
atribucia xdeba gamoiwveva pozitiuri an negatiuri emocia, Sesabamisad
xorcieldeba an daxmarebis qceva an misi Sekaveba.
vin axorcielebs prosocialur qcevas?
rogorc aRvniSneT, garemo pirobebi garkveul gavlenas axdens individis
prosocialur tendenciebze. amasTan miuTiTeT imazec rom jgufSi dominirebuli
socialuri normebic gavlenas axdenen imaze Tu ramdenad eqneba individs tendencia
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daxmareba gauwios sxvas. aseeve kvlevebi adasturebev, rom
religiur adamianebs ufro aqvT tendencia daxmareba gauwion sxvas vidre ara
religiurebs. bavSvebis altruistul tendenciebze gavlenas axdens maTi tolebis
azri da a.S.
bolo xanebSi mkvleverebis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca pirovnuli
gansxvacvebulobis sakiTxi aRniSnul problemasTan dakavSirebiT. iyo mcdeloba
daexataT e.w. damxmare adamianis portreti, rac arc ise warmatebuli aRmoCnda.
amitom dReisaTvis Teoretikosebi ufro laparakoben calkeul pirovnul niSnebze,
romlebic specifikur situaciaSi gansazRraven adamianis prosocialur qcevas.
moraluri ganviTarebis safexurebi.
sainteresodaa gaazrebuli individis
altruizmi kolbergis mier SemoTavazebul moraluri ganviTarebis safexurebTan
kavSirSi. kolbergis azriT (Kollberg, 1981) individi bavSvobidan mozrdilobamde
gaivlis moraluri ganviTarebis garkveul safexurebs. moraluri ganviTarebis
pirvel safexurs, romelic adreuli bavSvobis periods emTxveva, kolbergi uwodebs
ganviTarebis prekonvencionalur dones. esaa periodi, roca bavSvi cdilobs akeTos
kargi rameebi, raTa aicilos sasjeli da miiRos jildo. ganviTarebis Semdgomi
safexuria e.w. konvencionaluri done. esaa periodi roca bavSvi cdilobs iyos
kargi biWi an kargi gogo da raTa miaRwios amas moqmedebs mSoblebis da sxvebis
mier aRiarebuli qcevis wesebis Sesabamisad. Wabukobis da mozrdilobis periodSi,
romelsac kolbergi postlonvencionlurdnes uwodebs, individi arsebiTad
garkveul moralur Rirebulebebs pasuxobs da iRebs dominirebul eTikur
principebs.
kolbergis azriT adamiani viTardeba moraluri ganviTarebis am safexurebis
gavliT. Tumca xazs usvams imasac, rom progresi SeiZleba Seferxdes araSesatyvisi
modelebis an gansxvavebuli Semaferxebeli faqtorebis moqmedebiT. kvlevebi
adastureben, rom rac ufro maRalia individis moraluri ganviTarebisdone, miT
ufro mzadaa is ganaxorcievos daxmarebiTi qceva.
kolbergi xazs usvams, rom moraluri gadawyvetileba emyareba logikur
azrovnebis garkveul dones. magram, arsebobs gamokvlevebi, romlebic miuTiTeben da
ara logikuri azrovnebis mniSvnelobaze. saerTo jamSi mouTiTeben, rom moralur
azrovnebasa da moralur aqtiobas Soris arsebobs zomieri damolidebuleba.
mowonebis moTxovnileba. Semdegi pirovnuli naSani, romelic prosocialur
tendenciebTan mimarTebaSiua gaazrebuli aris mowonebis moTxivnileba, anu survili
sxvebisgan miiRo aRiareba, mowoneba, prizi. zogadad CaTvlilia, rom
prosocialuri qceva sxvebSi iwvevs mowonebiT reaqcias. amitomaa, rom
qvelmoqmedebis situacaSi adamianebi met Tanxas gaiReben roca amas sxvebi xedaven,
vidre roca marto arian. amasTan, individebi romlebsac aqvT mowonebis

moTxovnilebis maRali done met Tanxas gascemen saqvelmoqmedo fondis

sasargeblod vedre is individebi, romlesac mowonebis moTxovnilebis dabali done
aqvT. amasTan mowonebis moTxovnilebis maRali donis mqone individebi im
SemTxvevaSi axorcieleben aseT prosocialur qcevas, roca darwmunebulebi arian,
rom es SeumCneveli ar darCeba. yvelaferi es miuTiTebs miuTiTebs imaze, rom
bevrisTvis prosocialuri qceva aris jildos miRebis saSualeba. magram isic
faqtia, rom bevrisTvis prosocialur qcevas gansxvavebuli saxis mitivacia udevs
safuZvlad. mag., religiuri Rirebulebebis mqone individs, tendancia aqvs iyos
damxmare maSinac ki roca daxmarebas ar sTxoven.
empatia.
erTerTi pirovnuli cvladi, romelic prosocialur qcevasTan
mimarTebaSi ganixileba aris empatia-ireagiro movlenebze sxvisi perspeqtivebidan.
empatia garkveulad simpatiis msgavsi fenomenia, magram misgan mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavebulia. rodewsac individi acnobierebs sxvis problemas, es ganixileba
rogorc simpatia. empatiasTan ki saqme gvaqvs, roca individi cdilobs gaigos
sxbvisi subieqturi gancda. rodesac individi xedavs sxvis tanjvas da ganicdis mas
rogorc pirovnul mwuxarebas, uwodeben empatias. gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom mxolod
empatias mivyevarT altruistul qcevamde. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom empatiis maRali
donis mqone individebi ufro arian damxmareni, Tundac, rom aravin icodes (garda
msxverplisa) amis Sesaxeb. aSkaraa rom es motivacia aris Sinagani. es miT ufro
mniSvnelovania, rom alltruistuli qcevis didi umravlesoba Cveulebriv emyareba
egoistur motivebs.
kvlevebma acvenes, rom empatiis emocionaluri aRZvra altruistuli qcevisaTvis
naklebadaa mosalodneli individebisagan romelTa emociebi mezea centrirebuli.
empatiukuri tendenciebi ki SeZleba gavzardoT individisTvis imis TqmiT, rom
naTlad warmoidginon Tu tras grZnobs individi, romelsac daxmareba sWirdeba.
empatia da daxmareba izrdeba agreTve mowmisTvis informaciis miwodebiT, rom is
visac daxmareba sWirdeba misi msgavsia (Batson et al, 1981)
vas aqvs meti Sansi miiRos daxmareba
namdvili altruistisTvis SeiZleba ar hqondes mniSvneloba, magram
umravlesobisTvis, gamoavlens Tu ara sxvis mimarT altruistul qcevas
mniSvnelovnad damokidebulia imaze Tu vin iTxovs daxmarebas. mniSvnelovani
aRmoCnda im individis maxasiaTeblebi vinc daxmarebas iTxovs.. aRmoCnda, rom meti
Sansi aqvs miiRos daxmareba im individma romelic simpatias iwvevs an vinc,
CaTvlian rom imsaxurebs daxmarebas.
vexmarebiT imas venc CvenSi simpatias iwvevs.
mowonebis fenomenis ganxilvisas
vnaxeT, rom mowonebaze gavlenas axdensfizikuri mimzidveloba da msgavserba.
aTmoCnda, rom igive factorebi axdenen gavlenas daxmarebis qcevaze. garkveul
situaciaSi mimzidveli da Cveni msgavsi adamianebi aaqtiureben mis mimarT Cvens
prosocialur aqtiobas.
mimzidvelobis efeqtis saCveneblad, erTerT kvlevaSi aeroportis taqsofonis
jixurSi datoves fostiT gasagzavnad gamzadebuli konverti. Canda, rom konverti
viRacas darCa. konvertSi ido aspiranturaSi misaRebi gancxadeba da ganmcxadeblis
anketa.. mimzidvelobis faqtoris manipulirebis mizniT anketaze dakruli iyo an
Zalian mimzidveli an Zalian ara mimzidveli axalgazrdis suraTi. damokidebuli
cvladi iyo, konvertis mpovneli gaagzavnida Tu ara konverts, konvertze aRnisnul
misamarTze. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom mpovneli, faqtiurad SemTxveviTi adamiani, ufro

xSirad im kverts agzavnida aRniSnul misamarTze, romelzec dakruli iyo

mimzidveli axalgazrdis suraTi. saSualod igzavneboda mimzidveli axalgazdis
suraTiani gancxadebis 47 procenti winaaRmdeg 35 procentisa ara mimzidveli
axalgazrdis suraTiani gancxadebisa.
aranakleb mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda potencionalur damxmaresa da im individs
Soris msgavseba, visac sWirdeboda daxmareba. erTerT eqsperimentSi mkvlevarebma
gamoiyenes daxmared gamoiyenes axalgazrda romelic Cacmuli iyo an hipur stilSi,
roelic students (subieqts) sTxovda sesxad 10 dolars, an is Cacmuli iyo
Cveulebriv, studenturad. poptencionaluri damxmaris SerCeva xdeboda
eqsperimentatoris mier, garegnuli niSnebis mixedviT, romlebic an hipis stilSi an
Cveulebrivi studentur stilSi iyvnen Cacmulebi. Sedegebi aSkarad aCvenebda, rom
potencionaluri damxmareebi gacilebiT ufro xSirad uwevdnen daxmarebas TavianT
msgavs individebs. biWi hipebis 77% exmareboda TavianT msgavsebs, maSin roca, vinc
daxmarebas iTxovda Tu Cacmuli iyo Cveulebriv studenturad hipebisagan mxolod
33% iRebda daxmarebas.
vexmarebiT imas vinc imsaxurebs daxmarebas.
individi miiRebs Tu ara
daxmarebas aRmiCnda, rom mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli imaze Tu ramdenad
imsaxurebs is daxmarebas mocemul situaciaSi. mag., supermarketSi adamianebi ufro
xSirad aZleven mTxovnels fuls rZis sayidlad, vidre roca fuls iTxivdnen
namcxvris gamosacxobad saWiro comis sayidlad. varaudoben, es imitom, rom rZe
ganixileboda rogorc ufro saWiro produqti vidre namcxvari. an aRmoCnda, rom
niuiorkis metroSi adamianebi mzad iyvnen daxmarebodnen adamians Tu is iyo
fxizeli. magra Tu is iyo mYTvrali, daxmareba gacilebiT naklebi iyo. orive
SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebiT qcevaSi gansxvaveba aixsna imiT Tu ramdenad iyo
gamarTlebulli an situaciis Sesatyvisi Txovna.
saerTod aRmoCnda, rom potencionaluri damxmare daexmaros Tu ara sxvas,
romelic iTxovs daxmarebas daskvnas akeTebs kauzaluri atribuciis privcipiT. mag.,
profesorma SeiZleba sakmao dro dauTmos CamorCenil students, romelmac
leqciebi gaacdina imitom rom axlobeli gardaecvala. magram SeiZleba ar dauTmos
dro im students, romelmac TavisTavs ardadagebi mouwyo, raTa saTxilamuro
kurortze daesvena. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom problemaSi imsaxurebs Tu ara individi
daxmarebas, kritikul faqtors warmoadgens pirovnule kontroli. aRmoCnda, rom
adamianebi meti albaTobiT exmarebian imas romelsac problemebi SeeqmnaT im
mizezebiT romlebic maT kontrols ar eqvemdebarebian. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom
kolejis studentebi mzad iyvnen fuladi daxmareba gaewiaT nacnobi studentisTvis
Tu amis saWiroeba gansazRvra avadmyofobis dro gsqeulma xarjebma (
arakontrlirebadi mizezi) vire roca amis saWiroeba gansazRvra mTxovnelis
sizarmacem (kontrolirebadi mizezi). erTi sityviT, Tu Seqmnili problemisTvis
andividi TviTonaa pasuxismgebeli, naklebi Sansia, ro sxvebma daxmareba gauwion mas.

gaweul daxmarebaze reaqcia

TiTqosda, bunebrivia movelodeT, rom is vinc saWiroebs da iRebs daxmarebas
madlieri iqneba daxmarebsaTvis. magram aRmoCnda, rom es yovelTvis ase ar aris.
daxmarebaze reaqcia sakmaod rTuli Fenomeni aRmoCnda. xSirad adamianebi fiqroben,
rom roca iTxoven da Rebuloben daxmarebas isini Sefasebuli iqnebian rogorc
naklebad kompetenturebi. amitomaa rom adamianebs ar uyvarT daxmarebis Txovna.

amasTan adamianebi daxmarebas ufro advilad iTxoven daxmarebas, roca problemas

qmnis garegani da ara Sinagani mizezebi. daxmarebis miReba, xSirad mimRebisTvis
arakomfortulobis grZnobas iwvevs, is Tavs davalebulad grZnobs, rac iwvevs
valdebulebis grZnobas badauxado imas ninc daexmara an Tundac sxva vinmes
daexmaros. am tipios diskomforti ufro damaxasiaTebelia TviTSefasebis maRali
donis mqone. saqme isaa, rom sxvisgan daxmarebis miReba TiTqosda emuqreba individis
TviTSefasebas. kvlevebiT dasturdebaagreTve, rom daxmareba individisagan, romelic
empatiis grZnobiTaa motivirebuli naklebad emuqreba adamianis TviTsefasebas, vidre
daxmareba individisagan, romelic motivirebulia akeTos swori rameebi,raTa
igrZnos, rom aris kargi kaci.
marTalia, adamianebi upiratesobas aZlevenmiiRon daxmareba megobrisagan an
Tavisi msgavsi ucnobisagan, vidre daxmareba miiRos mtrisgan an misgan
gansxvavebuli ucnobisgan, magram aRmoCnda, rom aseTi daxmareba (nacnobisgan an Seni
msgavsi ucnobigan) ufro emuqreba individis TviTSefasebas. dadasturda, rom es
efeqti ufro gamokveTilia Tu daxmareba exeba mniSvnelovan unarebs rogoricaa
inteleqti an SemoqmedebiToba. amrigad dasturdeba, rom mcirdeba imis TviTSefaseba
vinc iRebs daxmarebas magram maRldeba im individis TviTSefasebis done vinc
axorcielebs daxmarebiT qcevas (Fisher,Depaulo,Nodler, 1981). TviTSefasebis muqari
fenomeni detalurad ikvlie fiSerma da misma kolegebma (Fisher et al, 1982) da
Camoayalibes ramodenime mniSvnelovani debuleba: rom, rodesac daxmarebis miRebiT
TviTSefasebas emuqreba, daxmarebis mimRebi pasuxobs negatiuri grZnobiT da Sedegad
mas ar moswons rogorc damxmare ise TviT daxmareba;rom aseTi negatiuri reaqcia
amitivirebs adamians izrunos SmdgomSi TviTdaxmarebisaTvi; rom, Tu daxmarebis
miRebiT TviTSefasebas araferi emuqreba, daxmarebis mimRebs uCndeba pozitiuri
grZnoba da Sedegad moswons rogorc damxmare ise daxmareba, magram individi ar
iqneba motivirebuli izrunos TviTdaxmarebisaTvis.
Zneli prosocialuri qceva
daexmaro sxvas roca mas es sWirdeba, moiTxovs dros, Zalisxmevas,
gadawyvetilebas pasuxismgebloba aiRo Sens Tavze. amasTan, aris SemTxveva roca
mimdinare aqtiobaSi Careva moiTxovs garkveul SesaZleblobebs. mag.,Caerio an
SeaCero garkveuli kriminaluri aqtioba an Zaladoba, moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis
miRebas ziani miayeno moZalades rac xSirad samagieros gsdsxdis riskTanaa
dakavSirebuli. mravali SemTxvevaa aRwerili roca TviTmxilvelebi ar Caerivnen an
ar SeaCeres jgufuri gaupatiureba, garkveuli kriminaluri aqtioba. aseT
SemTxvevaSi gaWeuli daxmarebis safasuri SesaZlooa sakmaod maRali iyos, is
SesaZloa garkveul riskTan iyos dakavSirebuli. mag., erTerT gaxmaurebul
incidentSi, barSi moxda jgufuri gaupatiureba, TviTmxilvelebma araferi iRones
qalis dasaxmareblad. navaraudevia, rom aseT situaciaSi individi Caereva Tu ara
movlenebSi damokidebulia situaciis Sefasebaze. samersma da feldmanma (Summers,
Feldman, 1984) ikvliesstudentebis reaqcia verbalur dafizikur agdesiaze.
subieqtebs uCvenes videofiri, sadac asaxuli iyo Tu rogor ubrazdeba wahkravs
kidec xels mamakaci qals, imis gamo, rom man manqana daaziana sadgomze dayenebisas.
aRmoCnda, rom aseT situaciaSi subieqtebi ufro adanaSaulebdnen qals, roca
miTiTebuli iyo, rom isini iyvnen colqmari vidre roca isini iyvnen ubralod
nacnobebi. amasTan, ufro biWebi vidre gogonebi adanaSaulebdnen qals. isini
miuTiTebdnen, rom qmars hqonda ufleba agresiulad moqceoda cols.

mowmis efeqtis gamovlenis formebi

mowmis efeqti Taviseburad gamovlinda, roca individi danaSaulebrivi qcevis
TviTmxilveli aRmoCnda. latane da darleis (Latane,Darley,1970) erTerT eqsperimentSi
subieqtebi (biWebi), romlebic laboratoriaSi icdidnen qurdobis mowmeni gaxdnen.
cru subieqtma moipara 40 dolari. am situaciaSi subieqti iyo an marto an sxva
mowmeebTan erTad. aRmoCnda, rom aseT situaciaSi subieqtebis umravlesoba arafers
akeTebda, raTa SeeCerebina qurdoba. garda amisa,subieqtebiaRniSnuli qurdobis
Sesaxeb sxvebs eubnebodnen roca iyvnen qurdobis erTaderTi miwme, vidre roca
situaciaSi sxva mowmeebic iyvnen. erTi sityviT am da analogiur kvlevebSi zogadad
dadasturda e.w. mowmis efeqti. aRmoCnda agreTve rom aseT situaciaSi mniSvnelovani
faqtori iyo situaciis orazrovneba. Tu msxverpli naTlad acz\xadebda, rom
qurdobas hqonda adgili meti albaToba iyo rom mowme iaqtiurebda,
dadasturda agreTve erTi ucnauri faqti. adamianebi ufro Caerevian da
daxmarebis qcevas ganaxorcieleben roca saqme gvaqvs ZaladobasTan vidre roca
saqme gvaqvs ubralod qurdobasTan.
saintereso kbleva ganaxorcieles hustonma da misma kolegebma (Huston et al, 1981).
kvleva exeba individebis reaqcias realur saSiSroebaze da nacadia im pirovnuli
faqtorebis gamovlena. romlebic gavlenas axdenen Tu rogor ireagirebs individi
saSiSroebaze. kvlevaSi moxda im individebis interviuireba romlebic Caerivnen
SeiaraRebul ZacvaSi, bankis ZarcvaSi da a.S. am individebis monacemebi Seadares im
individebis monacemebs romlebic mowmeni iyvnen aRniSnul;I Zaladobisa magram ar
Caerivnen movlenebSi. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba am ori jgufis monacemebs Soris iyo is,
rom isini vinc Caerivnen movlenebSi iyvnen mocemuli situaciis mimarT ufro
kompetenturebi. isini vincCaerivnen kriminalSi ufro gavarjiSebulebi aseT
SemTxvevebSi moqmedebisaTvis, iyvnen ufro maRlebi, isini TavianT Tavs aRwerdnen
rogorc Zlierebs, agresiulebs da rogorc principulebs. saerTod aRmoCnda, rom
Zaladobaze reagirebs is visac SeuZlia gaumklavde borotmoqmedebas,
emocionalurad aqtiobiskenaa midrekili da aqvs Sesatyvisi gamocdileba.
maRaziaSi qurdobaze reaqcia.
aRmoCnda, rom realur cxovrebaSi adamianebi,
Cveulebriv maRaziaSi qurdobis SemTxvevebze ar reagireben.qurdobis mowme, rogorc
wesi am faqtis ignorirebas axdens. velis kvlevebi adastureben, rom myidvelTa
umravlesoba maRaziis menejerebs miawvdis maRaziaSi ganxorcielebuli qurdobis
Sesaxeb informacias Tu Tanamoqalaqe (mkvlevaris Tanamonawile) Seaxsenebs mas, rom
saWiroa qurdobaze oficialurad ganacxados. afiSebi, reklamebi an masiuri
mediumebiT cnoba amis Sesaxeb Turme araviTar efeqts ar iZleva. kvlevebi aCveneben,
romaseTi impersonaluri Sexseneba gavlenas axdens maRaziis qurdobis mimarT
attitudebze, magram ara qcevaze.
pasuxismgebloba, valdebuleba da prosocialuri qceva
prosocialuri qcevia umravlesgamokvlevebSi naCvenebia, rom admianebi
ucxosadmi ufro damxmareni xdebian, roca isini pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben. magram
adamianebi pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben mxolod maSin roca isini erTaderTi mowmeebi
arian, an Tu isini gavarjiSebulni arian mouaron SemTxvevas, an Tu arsebobs
individi, romelic Seaxsenebs mas, rom keTili saqme unda akeTos. amasTan
dasturdeba, rom mamakacebi aqtiurad daicaven partniors (sulerTia partniori

qali iqneba Tu mamakaci), roca vinme verbalurad Tavs esxmismas, vidre roca Tavs
esxmianucnobs an Tundac roca TviTonaa Seurachyofili.
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis manipulireba SeZleba agreTve uSualo, pirdapiri
TovniT. aRmoCnda, rom winaswari Tanxmoba iyo pasuxismgebeli zrdis movlenebSi
Carevis albaTobas. erTerTi kvlevis Sedegebi (kvleva Caterda plaJze,
sadacsubieqti ucnobs sTxovs cota xniT yuradReba miaqcios magnitofons)
aCvenebda, rom roca yuradRebis moqcevaze Tanxmoba arsebobda individebis 95%
iwyebda aqtiur moqmedebas, roca viRaca cdilobda magnitafonis gstscebas. igive
efeqti dadasturda sxva situaciebSi: CanTaze yuradRebis miqceva mosacdel
darbazSi, bibliTekaSi da a.S.
cdunebisadmi winaaRmdegobis gaqeva.
adamianebi, arc ise iSviaTad, aRmoCndebian arCevanis aituaciaSi, ganaxorcielon
moralurad misaRebi qceva Tu airCion advili gza motyuebiT, sicruiT. SesaZloa
situacia Zalian macduri iyos, Tu imwuTieri siamovnebis miRebis SesaZlebloba
arsebobs. hastelma (Hasset,1981) sakmaod farTe skaliT gamokiTxa 24000 individi.
Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom gamokiTxulTa gasaocrad didi procenti arRvevda
eTikuri qcevebis mTel rig normebs. gamokiTxulTa 40% aRniSnavda, rom avtomobils
marTavda nasvami. gamokiTxulTa ori mesameds wauRia saxlSi esa Tu is sagani
samsaxuris ofisis momaragebidan. ZiZebi, aRmoCnda, rom TavianTi drois biuJetidan
iparavdnen 25-30 wuTs kviraSi. rogorc kvlevis Sedegebidan irkveva, adamianebis
sakmaod didi raodenoba axorcielebs ama Tu im saxis ara kanonier an amoralur
qcevas. magram, amave dros aris adamianebis garkveuli, arc Tu ise mcire, raodenoba
romlebic winaaRmdegobas uweven aseT cdunebas.
dgeba sakiTxi, SegviZlia Tu ara situaciebis identifikacia, romlebic
astimulirebencdunebas an SegviZlia Tu ara adamianebis tipebis identifikacia,
romlebic winaaTmdegobas uweven aseT cdunebas.
aRmuCnda, rom individebi ufro advilad Cadian araZalismier danaSauls, roca
sargeblis albaToba aris maRali da albaToba imisa, rom gamoiWeren aris dabali.
anu roca safasuri aris dabali. am modelSi jdeba motyuebac.
SedarebiT met risks Seicavs iseTi danaSauli rogoricaa qurdoba. aRmoCnda,
rom qurdoba ufro gavrcelebulia axalgazrda biWebSi. momwifebasTan erTad
icvleba safasurisa da sargebelis SedarebiTi Sefaseba da amdenad asakovani
adamianebi ( rogorc mamakacebi ise qalebi) ufro motyuebiT danaSauls Cadian vidre
qurdobas.
gadasaxadidan Tavis arideba cnobilia rogorc TeTri krimivali. hasetis
monacemebiT (Hassett,1981) respodentebis 38% tyuis gadasaxadebis gadaxdisas.
daaxloebiT igive dadasturda laboratoriul kvlevebSi. kvlevis Sedegebis
analizi adasturebda, rom subieqtebis umravlesobas surda motyueba, magram es
tendencia mcirdeboda roca tyuilis gamJRavnebis albaToba izrdeboda.
saintereso Sedegebi iqna miRebuli e.w. moswavluri eSmakobebis kvlevebidan.
kvlevebi aCveneben, rom gamokiTxulTa daaxloebiT or mesameds Cadenili hqonda
aseTi danaSauli
amrigad admianebi tyuian roca sicruis gamJRavnebis albaToba aris dabali.
magram aRmoCnda, rom arsebobs meore piroba, romelic xels uwyobs ara eTikuri
qcevis ganxorcielebas. lageri (Lueger, 1980) varaudobs, rom aRZvris nebismieri tipi
xels uSlis adamians daareguliros sakuTari qceva. mis kvlevaSi subieqtebs

(mozardi biWebi) SesaZlebloba hqondaT eeSmakaT (eTqvaT tyuili) inteleqtis

testirebisas. testis kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemamde biWebs aCvenes video filmi
relaqsaciaze an filmi romelic exeboda sigaretis mowevis savalalo Sedegebs
( filmi iyo sakmaod amaRelvebeli). filmi naxvis Semdeg xdeboda subieqtebis
inteleqtis testireba ise, rom maT SesaZlebloba hqondaT ecruaT ( eTqvaT tyuili)..
miRebuli Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom im biWebidan, romlebmac naxes filmi
relaqsaciaze 43% ambobda tyuils. xolo im biWebidan romlebmac naxes filmi
sigaretis mowevis saSinelebaze tyuoda 70%. kvlevis avtoris azriT, aRZvris donis
es efeqti SesaZloa agvixsnis erTi SexedviT im ucnaur Faqts, rom gamocdebis win
studentebis saguldagulo gafrTxileba motyuebisTvis mkacri sasjelis Sesaxeb
zogjer sawinaaRmdego Sedegs gvazlevs, zrdis motyuebis mcdelobas. am Sedegebs
mivyevarT mosazrebamde, romskolis SinaganawesSi mkacri zomebis gatarebis Sesaxeb
specialur xazgasmas aqvs motyuebis mcdelobis gazrdis tendencia.
gamomdinare iqidan, razec gvqonda zemoT saubari , gamoiTqva sayuradRebo
mosazreba, rom moTxovnileba miaRwio maRal warmatebas, sxbTan sejibri da
konkurencia, SiSi akademiur warmatebaSi marcxisa, yvelaferi es iwvevs studentebSi
aRZvris donis amaRlebas da amdenad moyuebis mcdelobis gazrdas.
rogor SeiZleba SevamciroT motyuebis mcdeloba.
reaqcia sicrueze (da saerTod borotmoqmedebaze) Cveulebriv aris sasjelis
sikacris gazrda. rogorc aTvniSneT, aseTi midgoma arc Tu ise efeqturia Tundac
aRZvris donis amaRlebis efeqtis gamo. da imis gamoc, rom saerTo Zalian cita
matyuaraa gamJRavnebuli. kvlevebi adastureben, ro yoveli xuTidan mxolod erTi
matyuaraa gamJRavnebuli. daaxlovebiT amdenive Sewuxebulia gamJRavnebis riskiT.
amitom miuTiTeben, rom gacilebiT ufro efeqturi iqneba Tu SevZlebT individSi
danaSauli grZnobis gamowvevas.
saerTod adamianebi eTanxmebian azrs, rom motyueba cudia (borotebaa). isinic
vinc tyuian, gmoben motyuebas. amitom akolebSi SemoiRes eTikis kursi, riTac
cdiloben gavlena moaxdinon axalgazrdebis qcevaze. kvlevebis mTeli seria
mieZRvna am midgomis efeqturobis dadgenas. e.i. imis dadgenas Tu moswavleebSi
danaSaulis grZnobis gamowveva ramdenad efeqturi iqneboda sicruis winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi. erTerT aseT kvlevaSi (Dienstbier at all ,1980), studentebs eZlevaT testi
samuSaod, romelsac mosdevda wasakiTxi masala. waskiTxi teqsti exeboda moralur
qcevas. subieqtebis naxevari kiTxulobda nasalas moralurobis Sesaxeb
rogorc reaqciaze garegan sasjelze. maSin roca subieqtebis meore naxevari
kiTxulobda teqsts moralurobsze rogorc reaqcia Sinagnad aRZrul danaSaulis
grZnobaze. Sedegebi aCvenebda, rom aseT situaciaSi motyuebis mcdeloba iyo
gacilebiT dabali im subieqtebSi romlebmac waikiTxes masalamoralurobaze
rogorc reaqciaze danaSaulis Sinagan grZnobaze vidre sakontrolo an im jgufis
subieqtebSi, romlebmac waikiTxes masala moralurobaze, rogorc reaqciaze garegan
sasjelze.
amrigad, prosocialuri qcevis kvlevebiaCveneben, rom adamianebi iqcevian
ukeTesad, roca isini iReben Sexsenebas moralur qcevaze, imaze rac maT didi xania
ukve ician.
rogorc aRvniSneT arsebobs e.w. situaciuri aspeqtebi, romlebic xels uwyoben
adamianebs icruon an ar icruon. magram aRmoCnda, rom mocemuli situaciis
farglebSi Seecdeba Tu ara adamiani moityuos damokidebuli xdeba pirovnul

maxasiaTeblebzec. kvlevebi aCveneben, rom isini vinc ityuebian arian arian

adamianebi romlebsac aqvT: mowonwbis maRali moTxovnileba; siamovnebisgan
TavSekavebis dabali done; maRali sociopatikuri tendenciebi; interpersonaluri
ndobis dabali done; maRali qronikuli TviT-destruqtiuli tendenciebi; dabali
SromiTi eTikuri normebi da survili erTgulni iyvnen SromiTi
valdebulebebisadmi; maRali rwmena , rom kanonis darRveva avtomaturad ar isjeba.
amasTan miuTiTeben, rom matyuarebi arian moralurad da emocionalurad
moumwifebelni, ar Tanxmdebian mZime Sromas, ar SeuZliat wuTieri siamovnebis
daTmoba da TviTon swamT, rom mzad arian wesebis darRvevisTvis.
,