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In a distributed database storage devices are not all attached to a common CPU. It may be stored in
multiple computers located in the same physical location, or may be dispersed over a network of
interconnected computers.Just to ensure that the databases are up to date and current there are two
processes: replication and duplication.
Centralized database :
A centralised database holds all of an organisations data on a central computer,
whethermainframe or server. Dumb terminals on a mainframe system and PCs on a network system
can access it. These terminals and PCs can be some distance from the central database, but the
point is that all the data is together at the same place.
It is a database in which storage devices are not all attached to a common CPU. It may
be stored in multiple computers located in the same physical location, or may be
dispersed over a network of interconnected computers. Collections of data (e.g., in a
database) can be distributed across multiple physical locations. A distributed database
can reside on network servers on the internet, on corporate intranets or extra nets, or on
other company networks. The replication and distribution of databases improves
database performance at end-user work-sites.
Advantages of Distributed Database
Protection of valuable data if there were ever a catastrophic event such as a fire,
all of the data would not be in one place, but distributed in multiple
Improved performance data is located near the site of greatest demand, and the
database systems themselves are parallelized, allowing load on the databases to be
balanced among servers.
Disadvantages of Distributed Databases
Complexity is high because extra work must be done by the DBAs to ensure that
the distributed nature of the system is transparent.
Inexperience distributed databases are difficult to work with, and as a young field
there is not much readily available experience on proper practice.
The centralized database system consists of a single processor together with its
associated data storage devices and other peripherals. It is physically confined to a
single location. Data can be accessed from the multiple sites with the use of a computer
network while the database is maintained at the central site.
When the central site computer or database system goes down, then every one (users)
is blocked from using the system until the system comes back.
Communication costs from the terminals to the central site can be expensive.
As data volumes and transaction rates increase, users can grow the system
incrementally.
It causes less impact on ongoing operations when adding new locations.
Distributed database system provides local autonomy.
6) Different DBMS products are used in different systems which increases in complexity
of the system.
7) Managing system catalog is a difficult task.
8) While recovering a failed system, the DBMS has to make sure that the recovered
system is consistent with other systems.
9) Managing distributed deadlock is a difficult task.