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CHAPTER
MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Transformations of
Stress and Strain
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Introduction
The most general state of stress at a point may
be represented by 6 components,
x , y , z
normal stresses
7-2
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Introduction
Plane Stress - state of stress in which two faces of
the cubic element are free of stress. For the
illustrated example, the state of stress is defined by
x , y , xy and z = zx = zy = 0.
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7-3
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Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
7-4
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Principal Stresses
The previous equations are combined to
yield parametric equations for a circle,
( x ave )2 + x2y = R 2
where
ave =
x + y
x y
2
+ xy
R =
2
x + y
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
2 xy
x y
7-5
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
x = ave
x y
2
+ xy
2
max = R =
tan 2 s =
x y
2 xy
= ave =
x + y
2
7-6
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 7.01
SOLUTION:
Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
t 2 p =
tan
2 xy
x y
x + y
x y
2
+ xy
2
2
For the state of plane stress shown,
determine (a) the principal panes, Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
(b) the principal stresses, (c) the
2
x y
maximum shearing stress and the
2
+ xy
max =
2
corresponding normal stress.
x + y
2
7-7
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 7.01
SOLUTION:
Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
tan 2 p =
2 xyy
x y
2(+ 40 )
= 1.333
50 ( 10 )
2 p = 53.1, 233.1
x = +50 MPa
x = 10 MPa
p = 26.6, 116.6
xy = +40 MPa
x + y
2
= 20
x y
2
+ xy
2
(30)2 + (40)2
max = 70 MPa
min = 30 MPa
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
7-8
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 7.01
Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
max =
=
(30)2 + (40)2
max = 50 MPa
x = +50 MPa
xy = +40 MPa
s = p 45
x = 10 MPa
s = 18.4, 71.6
The
Th corresponding
di normall stress
t
is
i
= ave =
x + y
2
50 10
2
= 20 MPa
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
7-9
7 - 10
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Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
7 - 11
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Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
p = 30.5, 59.5
max,min =
=
x + y
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
0 + 8.84
0 8.84
2
+ (7.96 )
2
2
7 - 12
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
x + y
2
x y
2
+ xy
R =
2
2 xy
x y
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
7 - 13
7 - 14
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
x =
P
, y = xy = 0
A
x = y = xy =
P
2A
x = y = 0 xy =
Tc
J
x =y =
Tc
xy = 0
J
7 - 15
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 7.02
SOLUTION:
Construction of Mohrs circle
ave =
x + y
R = CX =
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Example 7.02
Principal planes and stresses
max = OA = OC + CA = 20 + 50
max = 70 MPa
max = OB = OC BC = 20 50
max = 30 MPa
FX 40
=
CP 30
2 p = 53.1
tan 2 p =
p = 26.6
Third
Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
7 - 17
Example 7.02
max = R
= ave
s = 71.6
max = 50 MPa
= 20 MPa
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Edition
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
= 80 MPa
R=
7 - 19
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
tan 2 p =
p = 33.7 clockwise
max = OA = OC + CA
= 80 + 52
max = OA = OC BC
= 80 52
10
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
7 - 21
11