GEO-P1

Q1a... Gen intro as to direct and indirect control of climate on landforms... Table of
latitudes and dominant denudatuonal processes.... Humid tropics...chemical weath,
fluvial action, penpelanation... Arid tropics and temperate...physical weathering like
freeze thaw, unload, pediplanation, aeolian.... Humid temperate... Physical like
freeze thaw, fluvial, peneplanation and panplanation... Periglacial...solifluctuon,
altiplanation, freeze thaw, thermal erosion etc...polar areas...glacial action.... But
climate not alone... I Might have drawn a world map with main agents....
THIS IS GOOD ..GOOD APPROACH ..WILL FETCH 5

Q1b... 2 dias of stationary front and mature stage of cyclone.... Said airmass helps
in energy to transfer....conditional instability hence weather instability... Coldfront
areas .... High pressure, low temp, intense snow or sleet, westerly or nw
winds....similarly warm front also.....
INSTABILITY IN BOTH THE FRONTSSQUALL LINE COULD HAVE ENRICHED THE
ANSWER
4
Q1c.. Passive(atlantic) figure showing all major deposits...turbidites, abyssal clay,
oozes, ccd, nodules, wind, meteoric, metallic sulphides... Uses like metals,
cosmetics etc....
NOT SURE ABOUT THE APPROACH ..BUT MENTIONED BIOGENOUS , HYDROGENOUS
AND COSMOGENOUS DEPOSITS AS THEY MOSTLY CONSTITIUE PELAGIC DEPOSITS
AND NOT TERRAGENOUS.
4
Q1d... Adaptation of flora and fauna for a given climate, litho etc...climatic climax if
no disturbance....eg tropical rainforests with 4 layers...secondary succession if
disturbance by man or nature... Eg rubber plantation...
MORE PIONEER SPECIES..RICHNESS EVEN NESSDEFECTED SUCCESSION
CLIMAX ETC WOULD HAVE FETCHED MORE MARKS 4

Q1e... Generic.... Will help in undersranding...sustainable development....pollution,

waste management etc can be reduced...but total reduction is not possible....
OK

Q3a... Koppen used empirical method.... Vegetation as prime basis as its a

manifestation of climate...though in reality veg depends on litho etc also... No use of
t and p relation like thornthwaite... Abcde on temp basis..vegtn... Subdivided further
on rainfall and temp.... Thus different meanings for different alphabets... Cs= mid
lat mild winters.. Dry summer...least temp 18... (Doubt if i wrote right)...75cm
rainfall...shifting pressure and wind belts... Worldmap with locations... Climate
change impacts shifting....
SHOULD HAVE MENTIONED DE CONDOLE .AND THEN SUBSEQUENT DIVISONS
9
Q3b... Channel always ensures it has sufficient energy reqd to transport load... For
this adjusts its channel characteriatics like width depth roughness length etc...
Mature stage of cycle when debauched from mountain gradient is less...less
energy...hence deposition..figure showing fans and cones due to merger at haridwar
by ganga channel... Shifting of river due to ..braided...hence merging of fans to give
cones...coarser deposits 1st...
7.5

Q3c... Climate enables pedogenesis through weathering translocation podzolisation

gleying etc...hence can call it dominant determining factor.. Zonal
classi...pedalfers(podzolic, lateritic podzol ) pedocals(desert, steppe, prairie).
Pedocals found in arid/semi arid...evapotransp more than pcptn...hence capillary
action led calcium layer close to surface and fertile when irrigated..bread
baskets...but overexploitation like punjab plains...arid areas intense capillary hence
saline layer on top and hence not fertile...lime etc applying gives good... Fig of soil
profiles of semi/arid.
OK 7.5

Q4a...different stages... Gathering shifting nomads sedentary intensive agri,

industries... Initially environmental determinism and envmt was dominant...
Progressively man dominance increased and led to possibilism.....but
unsustainability...envmt degradation... Open pit mines, pollution, ghg emission
etc....this altered envmt... But man is also a constituent of envmt and
realised...sustainable development is the new mantra. World map showing locations
with envmt degradation glacial melt, deforestn and habitat destruction, soil
degradation, marine pollution....

4b....landforms function of endogenic and exogenic. Post cretaceous much

dynamics. Continuous movements led mountain formation as said by plate
tectonics. Hence both forces simultaneous action unlike davis. Pleistocene
de/glaciation altered base levels, channel regimes, icecaps and valley glaciers etc.
Climatic accident led to termination of fluvial and formation of glacial cycle.
Periglacial, pluvial, polycyclic etc. Even now climate change...hence more complex
than simple. Eg Appalachians witnessed rejuvenation. Fig- map with young
mountains, glacial melts (not sure if i had drawn dia).
OK ..COVERED MORE OR LESS ALL

4c... Northern hemisphere fig showing tricellular model and jetstreams. Thermal and
dynamic reasons. Energy transfer occurs by winds and wind aided oceanic currents
from low lat to higher lat. Helped in world climate types creation. But jetstreams
also imp. Meridional circulatuon important for many regional climates also. Fig
showing indian south west monsoon tibet to mascarene.
OK ..JUST DIAGRAM NEEDED

5a... Welfare approach wanted to make geo as helping people benefit. Hence
wanted role in planning. This however requires myltidisciplinary knowledge.
...somthing on similar lines...
THINKERS DAVID SMITH, ETC AND THEIR APPROACHES ..WOULD HAVE INDICATED
ITS MULTI DISCIPLINE NATURE.
4
5b..cheaper, well distributed, highly efficient fossil fuel use increased development
reduced poverty standards of living rose etc. However externalities like ghg,
pollution, aerisols etc rose impacting people and sustainability of develipment.
Devpng countries' poor more vulnerable. Therefore Need energy mix. Solar, wind,
hydel, biomass etc for sustainable inclusive growth. developed countries have wind
to be untapped. Developing countries have solar. However cheaper costs, tech and
finance costs might impeded. Impact on employment need to be considered(not
sure if i have written this last pt)...
OK 4.5
5c... Admin, cultural, production etc on function as basis. But thesedays
multifunction has emerged. (Pure guess work).

5d...capitalism led inequities created haves and havenots. This created poverty.
Poor due to their only resource, working hand, produced more children imagining
they would get more income but this rise of labour supply further decreased wages
and led to poverty. Thus establishing communism and using all people is the key. He
didnt advocate ante natal. He neglected phyisiography etc. His model better suited
for underpopulated states like brazil. So more humanistic.
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC DEVELEOPMENT IS THE BEST CONTACEPTIVE

5e...many positives but externalities like envmt degradation, deforestation and

habitat destruction, ghg etc. This impats human as part of nature also. Poor suffer
more due to this. Hence need sustainable planning. But this damage can only be
minimised and not eluminated. Eg agri ecosystems have modified natural
ecosystems.
NEO POSSIBILISM FOR EVRY POSSIBILITY THERS A PRICE TO BE PAID ..IN CASE OF
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMET THE PRICE IS ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION.. LINK
THINKERS WITH GENERIC ANSWER ELSE VERY LESS MARKS
8a... Left
8b... Regional inequalities are due to resource distribution both physical and human
and socio economic, historic factors. Soil, fuel minerals, non fuel minerals, clumate
etc... Overlap b/w high hdi and resource endowement. But some like japan, korea
etc despite less resources. Others like central asia despite being richly endowed
have low hdi. Map showing overlap of resources and high hdi, low hdi.
OK
8c... planning purpose--- data about all the resources, demand and supply globally,
skills, climate etc are required for better planning. planning regions genly overlap
with adminsitrative regions with data availability. cant remember what i wrote.
NOT SURE ABOUT THIS ANSWER
GEO-P2

Q1b. petroleum industries like bpcl in mumbai, export oriented to western countries,
institutions like SII which disseminate innovation. pune, aurangabad, mumbai etc.
IT WAS ABOUT PHARMA SECTORMENTION AUGUST LOSCH (DEMAND THEORY)
NAME THE PLACES DRAW A MAP ..IT WILL SUFFICE

q1c.fig showing western disturbances rainfall in north west, gangetic plains, NE. NE
rainfall in NE, coromandel and malabar coasts, south KA. approx 20cm in nw, 50cm
in NE, 20cm in south etc.... most of it in november. [didnt write about distribution
temporal]
GOOD WILL FETCH 5 MENTION KEY WORDS RETREATING MONSOON , WESTER
DISTURBANCES..

q1d.watershed can vary from 500ha to 10000ha. former often coincides with a
village. mobilising village resources, participatory planning for their needs etc
makes watershed apt for village level planning. case study- hiware bazar in Mh
created 60 millionaires in a village of 1500. 2012 best panchayat award.
EXCELLENT .COULD HAVE FETCHD YOU MORE THAN 6

q1e.vegetation has role in humification, demineralisation, weathering etc. [not sure

if i have written deforestation leads to changing steady state conditions and leads
to soild degradation and erosion]
PEAT BOG SOIL OF SUNDERBANS TOO MUCH OF EUCALYPTUS IN NORTH INDIA
HAS RESULTED IN FALL IN GROUND WATER AND RESULTANT INFERTILE SOIL
EXAMPLES SHOULD HAVE BEEN QUOTED. MARKS 4

q3a.agri productivity depends on many factors like inputs, labour, price etc and
defined in various ways like yield per Ha, gram equivalent, output value in rupee
etc. agri efficiency means ratio of cost of output to cost of inputs. but these inputs
are many like labour, fertilsiers, pesticides, power etc. fig showing gangetic plains,
KG basin, cauvery basin etc as high efficiency regions. [dont know if i have writtent
the reasons for such disparity.. like start of GR, infrastrcutrue, climate etc]
9
q3b.map showing dryland areas and farmer suicide areas like hanumangarh,
suratgargh, vidarbha, rayalaseema. small holdings, commercial crops[most of them
for cotton, cane, tobacco etc], global commodity price fluctuations etc. explained
few line for each.
MORE SOME SORT OF VISION RESOURCE BASED AGRICULTUREDIVERSIFICATION
WAS NEEDED AT THE END

6.5

q3c.ICT helped in migration, urbanisation, utilising resources, automation in

industries, disatser management, disseminating information etc. digital india helps
in bring urban and rural closer, disseminating extension to farmers, etc....[dont
remember exactly]
MORE ON NOFN . BRIDGING DIGITAL AND RURAL DIVIDE WOULD HAVE FETCHD
MORE MARKS
q4a.map showing flood prone areas. reasons for increase- climate change with
varying freq and intensity of rf. cloud burst, unscientific urbanisation like concrete
deserts, river plain encorachment, dumping of waste leading to siltation etc. egchennai floods. unsicentific landuse like multi purpose prjects, flood plain
encroachment etc. shortterm and longterm--- embankments, afforestaion, runoff
river projects, desilting, lenthening, waste mgmt, urban body improvements[not
sure] etc. longterm need for river basin planning and sicentific land use.
MENTION NATIONAL FLOOD COMMISION REPORT IT CLEARLY DEMARCATES THE
AREAS THEN WRITE REMEDIES IT WILL FETCH MORE MARKS ATLEAT 12-13

q4b.desertification means spreading of desert or like conditions. india has cold and
hot deserts. climate change has mixed impact. as per ipcc NW india will witness
increase in rainfall and hence promotes vegetation and this might reduce the
spread of deserts eastward. but on the other hand high temperatures, unsustainable
land uses might cause soil degradation and increase the aeolian erosion effect thus
desertification similar to dust bowl of california. NW india due to high pressure
gradient during summer has much probability. [coastal ingress led soil degradation.
water logging and salinisation. not sure if i have wrritten this] map showing spread
of desertiication in NW india.
MAP NEEDED..REASONS NEEDED AGAIN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE..ETC

q4c.WR which is a package of information, good breeds, veterinary services, market

etc made india largest milk producer. why india's WR suceeded? cooperative which
makes profit not the prime motive but inclusive development. it provided all
services to the farmers. culturally cattle is being used by people hence easily
understood but other sectors are not like this. Suitability of almost all agro climatic
regions but some like sericulture etc need specific climates. However if different
sectors are selected for different climates then it will succeed. rising middle class
incomes and need for protein food. NDDB provided all sicentific and tech

information, breeds etc. Hence there is much scope to succeed if same can be
implemented in sericulture, horticulture, pulses etc.
MAP .CREAMERIES PROSPECTS LIKE 19 % BOVINE POPULATION.. PRODUCTIVITY
987L/LACTATION/YEAR AS COMPARED TO WORLD AVERAGE OF 2087

q5b.two small fig showing pyramids of now and 2030 of india where females will be
less and old age will be more. now the child sex ratio is less hence in futrue there
will be narrow at the lower pyramid. pyramidnow has less no of old age people
reflecting the poor socio-economic conditions in thee prior years. now the conditions
have increased thus increasin life expectancy and this reflect in the future.
IT SHOULD HAVE MENTIONED ABOUT HOW THE COHERT TRANSITS BETWEEN
VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPENTAPPROACH IS RIGHT ..

q5c.monofunctional towns like mining towns, tourist resorts, fishing harbours exist.
they might be vulnerable if the conditions change. eg- uttarakhand floods
decreased the tourists by 1mn. mining towns become ghost towns if the resource
deprived. hence need establishing other functions also as per its threshold.
5ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION INDUSTIES DUE TO INERTIA SHOULD BE
SUPPORTED REMEDIES

q5d.land use done with ecological zonation will help in increasing efficiency, make
the development sustainable, etc [ dont remember what more i've written]. periyar
tiger reserve helped tribals benefit from tourism. map showing mining in CNP, eco
tourism in wghats, hortifulture in NW and NE himalayas etc.
RP MISHRA AGRICULTURE IN CITIES BOTH SUSTAINABLE ND ECONOMICAL RKVY
SIMILARLY IN VILLAGES FOOD PROCESSINGNON POLLUTING ETC MAKES
q5e.increases labour force, increases old age people and especially in rural areas
due to selective nature of migration, rise in demands of old age people for jobs will
conflict with unemployed people and hence social conflict, south india will be more
older then north india. female sex ration will increase as females live more then
males.
EXCELLENT 6
q7a. regional disparites are caused due to many facctors...smart ubran centers
based planning focussed on developing class-1, II cities other than mega cities. this
helps in reducing regional primacy and distribute urbanisation. eg- tpty, kakainada

in AP against hyd. RuUrban mission will help in better planned growth of cities
against haphazard growth. map showing AP-tpty, anantapur, gtr, bza, kakinada as
smart cities. [dont remember what else]
MENTION REPORTS OF RAJANTHEORIES OF MRYDAL TO EXPLAIN THE DISPARITIES

q7b.look east policy due to increasing asia's economic influence, need to develop
NE, geostrategic reasons of containing china. FTA with asea, korea, japan etc. bbin
economic corridor, trilateral highway etc. agri exports rose especially high valued
acquaculture, cereals. negative effect on electronics as korea etc are advanced and
have free trade. TPP will be a threat as india's exports to asean will be hindered. fig
showing ports in east coast, east-west corridor as sagarmala. [dont remember
much]

q7c.map showing AN, laksh, kandla, adiabet, gangasagar etc. laksh is less than 5m
above MSL. much of andaman also under threat. marine erosion. storm surges will
aide further. [dont remember much. but havent written biodiversity loss, ground
water salinity etc i guess]