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29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Some Questions
1)What is the structure of optical fiber?
2)How does light propagate along a fiber?
3)Of what materials are fibers made?
4)How is the fiber are fabricated?
5)How are fibers incorporated into cable structure?
6)What is the signal loss or attenuation mechanism
in fiber?
7)Why and to what degree does a signal get
distorted as it travels along a fiber?
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Nature of light
Light:It is stream of minute particles eliminated by
light source.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Wavefront
a wavefront is the locus of points having the
same phase.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Plane Wavefront
The simplest form of a wavefront is the plane
wave, where the rays are parallel to one
another.
sunlight strikes the earth with a spherical wave
front that has a radius of about 150 million
kilometers .
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
optical waveguide
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that
guides electromagnetic waves in the optical
spectrum.
Common types of optical waveguides
include optical fiber and rectangular
waveguides.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Numerical Aperture
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Numerical Aperture
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Multimode fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Multimode Fiber
Multimode cable is made of of glass fibers,
with a common diameters in the 50-to-100
micron range for the light carry component
(the most common size is 62.5).
POF is a newer plastic-based cable which
promises performance similar to glass cable
on very short runs, but at a lower cost.
Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at
high speeds over medium distances.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Multimode Fiber
Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths,
or modes, as they travel through the cable's core
typically 850 or 1300nm.
Typical multimode fiber core diameters are 50,
62.5, and 100 micrometers.
However, in long cable runs (greater than 3000
feet), multiple paths of light can cause signal
distortion at the receiving end, resulting in an
unclear and incomplete data transmission.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Multimode Fiber
This fiber type has a much larger core diameter,
compared to single-mode fiber, allowing for
the larger number of modes, and multimode
fiber is easier to couple than single-mode
optical fiber.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
Fiber
Multimode Fiber
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Meridioanal Rays
A meridional ray is a ray that passes through the
axis of an optical fiber.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Skew Rays
A skew ray is a ray that travels in a non-planar
zig-zag path and never crosses the axis of an
optical fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Skew Rays
A skew ray is a ray that does not propagate in a
plane that contains both the object point and
the optical axis. Such rays do not cross the
optical axis anywhere, and are not parallel to
it
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Meridioanal Rays
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Skew Rays
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Skew rays
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Numerical Aperture
It is maximum critical angle at which the rays incident
at the core of the fiber and total internal reflection of
the light take place and it gets travel in proper manner
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Overview of modes
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber birefringence
The mode propagate with different phase velocities,
and the difference between the or effective
refractive indices is called the fiber birefringence.
B=K(ny-nx)=Wavelength of the light/LP
B=fiber birefringence
ny-Vertical polarisation mode
nx-Horizontal polarisation mode
k-Freespace prapogation constant
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Manufacturing of Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber
Two material have satisfied above requirement
1)Glass material
2)Plastic Material
Glass fiber made up of silica or silicate have low
losses over long haul transmission of signal ,
high losses for short distance transmission
signal .
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber
Plastic fiber made up of plastic material have
high attenuation , high distortion, several
hundred meter communication and high
mechanical strength .
Since, Glass fiber is suitable for transmission of
light signal
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Glass Fiber
Glass fiber made up of fusion mixture of metal
oxide,sulphides,selenides .The resulting
network randomly connected molecular
network of crystalline material.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber
When glass heated from room temperature it
remains hard solid up up to several hundred
degree centigrade as the temperature
increases further glass gradually begins a
soften until at very high temperature it
becomes viscious liquid. The expression
melting temperature commonly used in glass
manufacture.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber
Most of the common fiber silica(SiO2) has
standard refractive index is 1.458 at 850nm.
Refractive index of core should be greater
than the refractive index of cladding.
By dopping process it can be vary the
refractive index of cladding .B2O3,Fluorine
dopping refractive index of cladding
decreases.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber
By dopping process it can be vary the
refractive index of cladding .P2O5,GeO2
dopping refractive index of cladding
decreases.
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Types of fiber
1)Halide Glass Fiber
2)Active Glass Fiber
3)Chalgenide Glass Fiber
4)Plastic Optical Fiber
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber Fabrication
1) Vapor phase oxidation method
Metal halide (SiCl4,GeCl4 and Oxygen)
2)Direct melt method
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
Fiber fabrication(Modified
Chemical Vapor
Deposition)(MCVD)
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA
29/08/2013
S.S.PATIL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ADCET,ASHTA