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The maritime industrys most important concerns are safety of personnel and
prevention of marine pollution for a smooth cargo transportation and marine
operation at high seas. International Maritime Organisation (IMO) introduced
SOLAS Safety of life at sea & MARPOL- The International Convention for
Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, for safeguarding human life and
marine environment from all kinds of pollutions.
SOLAS 74, the last adopted revised convention of 1974, includes a number of
chapters which deals with safety precautions and safety procedures starting from
the construction of ship to real emergency situation like Abandon Ship. The
convention is updated so as to meet the safety norms in the modern shipping
industry.
MARPOL 73/78, since it came into force in 1973 and later revised by the protocol
in 1978, ensures that shipping remains the least environmentally damaging
modes of transport. It clearly highlights the points to ensure that marine
environment is preserved by elimination of pollution by all harmful substance
which can be discharged from ship.
SOLAS 74
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974
describes the requirement for all merchant ship of any flag state to comply with
the minimum safety norms laid down in the chapters which are as follows:
Chapter I General Provisions: Surveys and certification of all the safety items
etc are included.
Chapter II-1 Construction Subdivision and stability, machinery and
electrical installations: Deals with water tight integrity of the ship, especially
for passenger vessel.
Chapter II-2 Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction: This chapter
elaborates the means and measure for fire protection in accommodation, cargo
spaces and engine room for passenger, cargo and tanker ship.
Chapter III Life-saving appliances and arrangements: All the life saving
appliances and there use in different situations is described.
MARPOL 73/78
This marine environmental convention consists of six implemented annexes for
controlling and eliminating of marine pollution.