LAMPIRAN

A. Perhitungan
Tabel L.1 Physical Properties Pada shell
Shell ( Etilen Oksida + Air)
Parameter

Notasi

Desain

Aktual

Satuan

Laju alir massa

Wh

23024,02193

16274,1494

kg/h

Suhu masuk

Thi

48

46,41

Suhu keluar

Tho

45

45,34

Kapasitas panas

Cph

1,7106

1,3079

kJ/kg

Konduktifitas Panas

Kf

0,0830

0,0153

W/m

Densitas (Campuran)

420,8566

6,7459

kg/m3

Viskositas (campuran)

0,000127

9,247E-06

kg/s-m

Panas Laten

545,1691

546,6336

kJ/kg

Tabel L.2 Physical Properties Pada Tube

Tube ( Cooling Water)
Parameter

Notasi

Desain

Aktual

Satuan

Laju alir massa

Wc

Suhu masuk

Tci

299395,8069
33

36,6

Suhu keluar

Tco

43

41

Kapasitas panas

Cpc

4,2250

4,226295233

kJ/kg

Konduktifitas Panas

kf

0,6288

0,629762967

W/m

Densitas (Campuran)

997,5381

997,1117

kg/m3

Viskositas (campuran)

0,0006821

0,0006696

kg/s-m

kg/h

1. Menghitung Overall Coefficient Aktual

a. Tube Side Coefficient
do: 0,01905 m, di: 0,01575 m, L: 5,93392 m, triangular pitch: 0,025m,
carbon steel, Number of tube: 1220 (4-tube passes)
Surface Area of one tube

=
= 3,14 x 0,01905 m x 5,93392 m
= 0,354949293 m

Cross sectional area

= (0,01575 m)

= 0,000194729 m
Area per pass

= Numb of tube/pass x Cross sectional area

= 305 x 0,000194729 m
= 0,059392364 m

Volumetrik Flow

=
=

x
3

= 0,123469276 m /s
Tube side velocity, vt

=
=
= 2,07887458 m/s

Tube side heat transfer coefficient

hi

=
=

= 9225,837568 W/m

)
2

b. Shell side Coefficient

Dari tabel 19.1 (Towler,2013), untuk alat penukar panas jenis
kondensor dengan fluida panas berupa Etilen oksida (organic vapors) dan
fluida dingin berupa air, nilai koefisien perpindahan panas menyeluruhnya
berada pada kisaran 700-1000 W/m
W/m

dan dipilih U assumsi sebesar 900

.
2

Asumsi koeffisien kondensat yaitu 5000 w/m .

Mean Temperature
Shell Side

=
= 45,875

Tube Side

=
= 38,65

(45,875

- Tw) x 5000 w/m .

= (45,875

- 38,65

Tw= 44, 5745

Mean temperature condensate =

= 45,22475

Physical Properties pada 45,22475

L

= 0,000245 kg/s.m

= 835,4835 kg/m3

= 5,970988 kg/m3

kL

= 0,151248 w/m.

= 0,0006244 kg/s.m
(

hc

=0,76 kL *

) x 900 w/m .

=0,76x0,151248W/m.
]

(
)

=3670 W/m

c. Overall Coefficient actual

Termal conuctivity of carbon stell = 45 W/m
Fouling factor light organic (hcd)

= 5000 W/m

Fouling factor Cooling water (hid) = 3000 W/m

=

2.

= 0,001047347 m

/W

= 954,7938437 W/m

Menghitung Overall Coefficient Desain

Diketahui

:A

= 430,7 m

1) Menghitung nilai Q
Menghitung Panas Laten
Qlaten

= mh x

x 545,1691 kJ/kg

= 3486,66282 kW
Menghitung Panas Sensibel
Qsensibel = mh x Cph x
=
=32,8199 kW

x 1,7106 kJ/kg

(48

- 45

Mengitung Panas Total

Q tot

= Qlaten + Qsensibel
= 3486,66282 kW + 32,8199 kW
= 3519,48277 kW = 3519482,77 W

2) Mengitung

LMTD

LMTD

) )
(

= 7,99572

)
(
)
()

= 0,3

= 0,67

Untuk R= 0,3 dan S= 0,67, maka dari gambar 19.19 (Towler, 2013)
diperoleh Ft= 0,92
lm

= Ft x

LMTD

= 0,92 x 7,99572

= 7,3560

3) Menghitung nilai U desain

Q

= UxAx

LMTD

=
= 1110,8585 W/m

Effisiensi
=
=

x 100% = 85,95 %

3.

Menghitung Pressure Drops Purification Colomn Condenser (E-411)

Pressure drop Aktual
a. Tube side
Re

=
=
= 48755,3683
-3

Dari gambar 19.24 (Towler, 2013), jf = 3,2 x 10

= Np *

+
(

=4*

= 104671,1556 N/m = 1,05 bar ( 15,2 Psi )

Syarat pressure drop pada tube (<10Psi)
b. Shell side
Baffle spacing: 0,377 m, Baffle cut 20%
Cross flow area (As)

(
)

=
=

)
2

= 0,09062 m

Mass Velocity (Gs)

=
=

x
2

= 49,8834 kg/s-m
Equivalent Diameter (de)

=
=

)
2

(0,025 0,917 x (0,01905 m) )

= 0,016874 m

Shell side velocity (vs)

=
=
= 8,3543 m/s

Re

=
=
= 91492,66
-2

Dari gambar 19.30 (Towler, 2013), untuk Re = 91492,66, jf = 4 x 10 ,

= 8 jf (

)(

)
(
)

= 8 x 4x 10-2 (

= 62820,65 N/m

)(

= 0,63 bar = ( 9,1 Psi )

Syarat Pressure drop pada shell (<1 Psi)
4.

Mendesain Ulang Purification Colomn Condenser (E-411) Berdasarkan

Data Aktual

Step 1 Spesification
Suhu rata-rata fluida panas dan dingin
Th av

Tc av

=
=

= 45,875
= 38,65

Menghitung Panas Laten

Qlaten

= mh x

x 546,6336 kJ/kg = 2471,11 kW

Menghitung Panas Sensibel

Qsensibel = mh x Cph x
=

x 1,3079 kJ/kg

(46,41

- 45,34

=6,3263 kW
Mengitung Panas Total
Q tot

= Qlaten + Qsensibel
= 2471,11 kW + 6,3263 kW
= 2477,437 kW = 2477437 W

Step 2 Phycical Properties

Tabel L.3 Physical Properties Purification Colomn Condensor (E-411)
Shell

Masuk

Rata-rata

Keluar

Temperatur

46,41

45,875

45,34

Kapasitas Panas

1,2139

1,3078

1,4018

kJ/kg

1,53E-02

0,0153

1,52E-02

W/m

6,1224

6,7459

7,3694

kg/m3

9,26E-06

9,25E-06

9,23E-06

kg/s-m

36,6

45,875

41

4,2266

4,2263

4,2259

kJ/kg

Konduktivitas termal

6,27E-01

0,6297

6,33E-01

W/m

Densitas

998,9074

997,1117

995,3160

kg/m3

Viskositas

7,00E-04

0,000669

6,39E-04

kg/s-m

Konduktivitas termal
Densitas
Viskositas

Satuan

Tube
Temperatur
Kapasitas Panas

Step 3 Overall Coefficient

Dari tabel 19.1 (Towler,2013), untuk alat penukar panas jenis kondensor
dengan fluida panas berupa Etilen oksida (organic vapors) dan fluida dingin
berupa air, nilai koefisien perpindahan panas menyeluruhnya berada pada kisaran
700-1000 W/m

dan dipilih U assumsi sebesar 900 W/m

Step 4 Exchanger Tipe and Dimensions

Satu shell pass dan empat tube pass
LMTD =

(
(

)
)

= 7,0704

)
()

= 0,2276

)
(

= 0,46488

)
(

Untuk R= 0,2276 dan S= 0,46488, maka dari gambar 19.19 (Towler, 2013)
diperoleh Ft=0,98
lm

= Ft x

LMTD

= 0,98 x 7,0704

= 6,9289

Step 5 Heat Transfer Area

Ao

=
=

= 397,2241 m

Step 6 Layout and Tube Size

Diameter Luar (do)

= 19,05 mm = 0,01905 m

Diameter dalam (di) = 14,83 mm = 0,01483 m

Panjang Tube (L)

= 3660 mm = 3,66 m

Pitch (Pt) (1,25.do)

= 23,813 mm = 0,023813 m

Step 7 Number Of Tube

Area Per Tube (At)

x d0 x Lt

x 0,01905 m x 3,66 m
2

= 0,2189 m

Number Of Tubes (Nt)

=
=
= 1814,3868

Tube Per Pass

=
= 455
Tube Cross Sectional Area

x di

x (0,01483 m)

= 0,0001726 m
Area Per Pass

=Tube Per Pass x Tube Cross Sectional Area

2
= 455 x 0,0001726 m
2
= 0,0786 m

Volumetric Flow

=
=
3

= 0,1235 m /s
Tube Side Velocity (vf)

=
=
= 1,5718 m/s

Step 8 Bundle and Shell Diameter

Dari tabel 19.4, untuk 4 tube passes, K1= 0,175 dan n1=2,285
Diameter Bundle (Db)

= d0 x ( )
= 19,05 mm x (

= 1091 mm

Menggunakan Fixed tube

Dari gambar 19.12 shell bundle clearance = 18 mm
Diameter Shell (Ds)

= 1091 mm + 18 mm
= 1109 mm = 1,109 m

Step 9 Tube Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

hi

)(

=
=

7465,9915 W/m

Step 10 Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

2

Asumsi koefisien kondensat yaitu 5000 w/m .

Mean Temperature
Shell Side

=
= 45,875

Tube Side

=
= 38,65

(45,875

- Tw) x 5000 w/m .

= (45,875

- 38,65

Tw= 44, 5745

Mean temperature condensate =
`Physical Properties pada 45,22475
L

= 0,00024 kg/s.m

= 835,4835kg/m3

= 5,97099 kg/m3

kL
h

= 0,15125 W/m
=

= 0,000679 kg/s.m

) x 900 w/m .

= 45,22475

hc = 0,76 kL *

=0,76x0,15125w/m.
]

(
)

= 3591,0717 w/m

Nilai hc yang diperoleh dapat diterima, sehingga tidak perlu mengkoreksi nilai Tw
Step 11 Overall Coefficient
Termal conuctivity of carbon stell

= 45 W/m

Fouling factor light organic

(hsd)

= 5000 W/m

Fouling factor Cooling water (hid)

= 3000 W/m

= 0,001132 m
U

= 883,6158 W/m

x
+

/W
2

Nilai Uo yang diperoleh dapat diterima, dan selanjutnya mengecek nilai pressure
drop
Step 12 Pressure drop
Tube side pressure drop
Re

=
= 33898,789

-3

Dari gambar 19.24 (Towler, 2013), jf = 3,6 x 10

= Np *

+
(

=4*

= 47335,4834 N/m

= 0,47 bar ( 6,86 Psi )

dapat diterima karena syarat

(<10 Psi)

Shell side pressure drop

Menggunakan fixed tube
Memilih baffle spacing = shell siameter, Baffle cut 25%
(

Cross flow area (As)

=
=

)
2

= 0,2460 m
Mass Velocity (Gs)

=
=

x
2

= 18,3752 kg/s-m
Equivalent Diameter (de)

=
=

= 0,01353 m
Shell side velocity (us)

(0,023813 0,917x(0,01905m) )

=
=
= 3,0774 m/s

Shell side heat transfer coefficient

Re

=
=
= 26834,2547
-3

Dari gambar 19.30 (Towler, 2013), untuk Re = 26834,2547 jf = 4,2 x 10 ,

= 8 jf (

)(

)
(
)

= 8 x 3,2x 10-2 (

= 2570,9589 N/m

)(

= 0,025 bar = ( 0,37 Psi )

dapat diterima karena syarat

(<1 Psi)