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IS 11802 (1986): Method of determination of diffusible

hydrogen content of deposited weld metal from covered
electrodes in welding mild and low alloy steels [MTD 11:
Welding General]

! $ ' +-
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Invent a New India Using Knowledge

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3 JAN
.. fW9

IS : 11802 - 1988
((Reaffirmed
Reaffirmed1997)
2003 )

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR DETERMINATION
OF
DIFFUSIBLE
HYDROGEN CONTENT OF
DEPOSITED WELD METAL FROM COVERED
ELECTRODES
IN WELDING MILD AND
LOW ALLOY STEELS
( First Reprint OCTOBER

UDC 621.791.053

: 543 [ 546.11

0 Copyright
BUREAU
MANAK

Gr 4

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

1998 )

1987
STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

May 1987

IS : 11802- 1986

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR DETERMINATION
OF
DIFFUSIBLE HYDROGEN CONTENT OF
DEPOSITED WELD METAL FROM COVERED
ELECTRODES IN WELDING MILD AND
LOW ALLOY STEELS

Welding

SHRI

General

Choirmon
D. S. HOWAVAR

Sectional

Committee,

SMDC

14

Representing

D & H Sechcron Electrodes Pvt Ltd, Indore

Members
SHRI S. R. JANA ( Alternate to
Shri D. S. Honavar )
SHRI R. S. AGGARWAL

SHRIJ. K. AHLTJWALIA
SHRIT. K. BASU ( Alternote )

Association

of Indian Engineering

Industry,

New

Delhi
Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd, Calcutta

SHRI H. N. AHUJA

Directorate General of Employment and Training,

New Delhi
DR S. BALASUBRAWNIAN
Peico Electronics and Electricals Ltd. Bombay
DR S. BHATTACHARYYA
( Alternate )
SHRI K. BALUANOHAR
Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Vishakhapatnam
SHR~ R. V. KALE ( AIterncte )
SHRI R. BANERJFE
Indian Oxygen itd, Calcutta
SHRI S. K. DAS (Alternate )
SHRI S. C. BHAWAL
National Test House, Calcutta
SHRJ K. L. BARUX( Alternate )
SHRJ S. K. BUR!.IAN
M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI B. B. GHOSH ( Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )
Q Copyright 1987
BUREAU

OF INDIAN

STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XJY of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS :11802- 1986
(Continuedfrompage

1)

Members
SHRI R. S. CHOUDWRY

Representing
Steel Authority of India Ltd (Bokaro
Bokaro Steel City
Ministry of Railways

Steel Plant ),

DEPUTY DIRECTOR( CHEMICAL )

RDSO, Lucknow
PRODUCTIONENQINE~R
INTEGRALCOACH*FACTORY,
MADRAS ( Alternate )
SHRI S. C. DEY
Central Boilers Board, New Delhi
SHRI C. R. GHOSH
Mukand Iron & Steel Works Ltd, Bombay
SHRI D. B. MOHARIL ( Alternate )
SHRI I. P. KAPOOR
Department of Atomic Energy, Bombay
SHRI L. M. TOLANI ( Alternate )
SHRI S. MAJUMDAR
Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SHRI S. K. BHATIA ( Alternate )
SHRI R. S. MALLICK
Gas Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI N. MUMMOORTHY
Engineer-in-Chiefs
Branch, Ministry of Defence
SHRI H. S. DUGGAL ( Alternate )
Dalmia Institute of Scientific & Industrial ReseSHRI J. D. PANDA
SHRI RAJISDRA NATH I Alternate
SHRI S. L. V. RANGAN( Alternate
SHRI K. M. POLE
SHRI G. D. APTE ( Alternate )
DR S. PRASANNAKUUAR
SHRI J. K. NANDA ( Alternate )
SHRI J. R. PRASHER
SHRIN. RADHAKRISHNAN
SHRIB. RAMASWAMY
SHRI S. M. KADAM ( Alternote )
DR V. RAMA~WAMY

I 1

arch, Rajgangpur

li 1

%&handnagar

Industries, Walchandnagar

Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay

Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi
Binny Ltd. Madras
Indian Hume Pipes Co Ltd, Pune
Steel Authority
;rnl;ipment

of India Ltd ( Research and

Centre for iron and Steel),

DR S. K. CH~UDHURY ( Alternate )
Bharat Heavy Plate and Vessels Ltd, VishakhaSHRI P. H. MADHAVA REDDY
patnam
SHRI M. G. NARAYANA RAO ( Alternate )
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad
REPRESENTAIIVE
SHRI RAMESHKUMAR ( Alternate I )
SHRI V. SREEMANNARAYANA
( Alternate II )
Jessop & Co Ltd. Calcutta
REPRESENTATIVE
Projects & Development India Ltd, Dhanbad
SHRI N. K. ROY
SHRI P. K. ROY ( Alternate )
Mini&y of Defence ( DGI )
SHRI S. K. ROY
Tata
Engineering
and Locomotive
Co
Ltd.
SHRI B. K. SINQH
Jamstiedpur
SHRI A. V. MULEY ( Alternate I )
SH~UP. S. JOSHI( Afternate II )
Directorate
General of Supplies and Disposals,
SHRI V. K. SRIDHAR
New Delhi
SHRI R. C. SHARMA ( Alternate )
( Continued

on page 13 )

IS:11802-1986

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF
DIFFUSIBLE-HYDROGEN CONTENT OF
DEPOSITED WELD METAL FROM COVERED
ELECTRODES IN WELDING MILD AND
LOW ALLOY STEELS
0. FOREWORD
0.1This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 14 August 1986, after the draft finalized by the Welding General Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division
Council.
0.2 This standard covers the methods for determination
of diffusible
hydrogen of deposited weld metal by mercury and glycerin method. The
correlation of mercury and glycerin methods is given in Appendix A for
information.
0.3 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from
the following publications:
IS0 3690-1976 Welding - Determination of hydrogen in deposited weld
metal arising from the use of covered electrodes for welding mild and
low alloy steels. International Organization for Standardization.

BS 639 : 1976 Covered electrodes for the manual metal arc welding of
carbon and carbon manganese steels.

British Standards Institution.

JIS : Z 3113- 1975 Method for measurement of hydrogen evolved from

deposited metal. Japanese Standards Association.
Rules and regulations for classification of ships - 1981. Lloyds Register
of Shipping, United Kingdom.

1.SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the procedures

for determination of content of

diffusible hydrogen in deposited weld metal arising from the use of shielded
3

IS:11802 - 1986

metal arc electrodes for welding mild and low alloy steels by mercury and
glycerin methods. For glycerin method, the values reported shall be in
terms of evaluation by mercury method using the formula given in
Appendix A. The glycerin method shall be used as a routine method. The
mercury method shall be used as a referee method in case of disputes, in
addition to being used as a routine method.
2. TERMINOLOGi
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 812 - 1957*
shall apply.
3. PRINCIPLES

OF MEASUREMENT

3.1 Mercury Method - The diffusible hydrogen content of the weld metal
sample is made to collect over mercury at room temperature for sufficient
time. The amount of hydrogen thus released is measured by volumetric
methods.
3.2 Glycerin Method - The diffusible hydrogen content is made to collect
over glycerin in a bath maintained at 45 C for sufficient time. The amount
of hydrogen thus evolved is measured volumetrically.
4. MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR TEST
4.1 Parent Plate Material - The test assembly shall be prepared from steel
conforming to IS : 226-19751 or IS : 2002-1982~ or IS : 2062-1984s or
equivalent material.
4.2 Electrodes - The electrodes to be tested shall be of 4.0 mm core wire
diameter, or of 3.15 mm diameter in case of iron powder electrodes having
more than 130% metal recovery.
4.2.1 The electrodes shall be dried before testing as per recommendations
of the manufacturer.
If no recommendation ii provided by the manufacturer, the electrodes shall be dried as per the schedule given below:

Hydrogen controlled electrodes -

b) Other
4

250C

for two hours or 350C for

one hour.
than hydrogen controNed electrodes -

125C

for 2 hours, ex-

cepting cellulosic electrodes.

Ceilulosic electrodes - no drying.

*Glossary of terms relating to welding and cutting of metals (first revision ).

tSpecification for structural steel ( standard quality ) (flfrh revision).
$Specification for steel plates for pressure vessels for intermadiate and low temperature service including boilers (firsr revision).
$Qxcification for weldable structural steel ( fhird revision ).
4

IS:11802-1986
5. MERCURY

METHOD

5.1 Apparatus -

An audiometer type gas burette shown in Fig. 1 may be

used for the test. Burettes of other design my be employed provided that
the following criteria are fulfilled:
a) Mercury is used as the confining fluid.
/--

69

SPHERICAL

JOfNT

HIGH VACUUM
HOLLOW
KEY
SINGLE
OBLIQUE
STOP-COCK
+4
BORE

0 TO 10 ml BURETTE
GRADUATED
TO 0.05 ml
ABOUT
30 mm LENGTH
PER

ml.OR

10 TO 11 00

VACUUM

HIGH

VACUUM

DOUBLE
*L

HOLLOW

OBLIQUE

BORE

120

STRAIGHT

- -

SECTION

--I

CONICAL

JOlNf

_A+-MERCURY
BOROSILICATE
THROUGHWT

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 DIFFUSABLEHYDROGENMETER

KEY

STOPCOCK

GLASS

IS :11802 - 1986

b) It is possible to maintain sample under vacuum for a brief period as

specified in 5.4.1 (d) to remove entrapped gases in the fractured
surface before the sample is subjected to vacuum in the measuring
burette. In burettes consisting of single limb, this may be achieved
through manipulation of mercury level and the stopcock: any gas
released during the brief period of surface degassing being swept out
of the burette before the measurements.
c) The value of collected gas is measured to an accuracy of at least 0.05
ml under normal temperature and pressure.
5.2 Welding Jig the specimens.

A copper jig shown in Fig. 2 shall be used in preparing

SECTIONAA
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 2

TEST PIECE ASSEMBLY FOR HYDROGEN

OF WELD DEPOSIT

SAMPLING

IS:11802

-1986

5.3 Preparation of Test Specimens

53.1 Triplicate sets of test pieces conforming to 4.1 and having a cross
section of 10 x 15 mm and length of 30 mm shall be used for each type of
electrode being tested. The test pieces shall be degassed at 650C for one
hour and then kept in a desiccator in dry condition prior to use.

5.3.2 The test piece assembly shown in Fig. 3 consists of run-on and
run-off pieces and a central sample section of 30 mm length. The 30 mm
centre portion shall have a length tolerance of & O-25 mm and shall be
weighed nearest to. IO mg before testing.

All dimensions
FIG.

in millimctres.

SPECIMEN ASSEMBLY

5.3.3 Welding - The temperature of the ji,0 shall be 30 .-t 10C before
testing. The welding current shall be 15 amperes less than the maximum
recommended by the manufacturer,
the Fachine setting being controlled to
within -& 5 amperes. The speed of welding shall be adjusted to an electrode consumption between 12 and 13 mm per IO mm of bead length. The
time spent on the deposition shall be noted.
5.3.4 A bead of 100 mm length shall be deposited along the centre-line
of each test assembly. No burning off of the tip of the electrode prior to
testing is allowed.
5.3.5 Three seconds after extinction of the arc, the jig shall be released
and the test piece assembly shall be quenched in iced water and subsequently
in alcohol or acetone saturated with carbon dioxide at a temperature
of - 50C or below. The sample pieces shall be broken apart while cold,
using brief intermittent periods of cooling; the intervals spent outside the
cooling bath in these operations shall not exceed IO seconds each. The
samples may now be stored at or below -WC for a period upfo 3 days
before analysis.
7

IS :11802 - 1986
5.4 Test Procedure
5.4.1 Preparation of Sample for Analysis -When
transferring the sample
to gas burette, a shield of dry nitrogen shall be applied to avoid condensation of atmospheric humidity.
The sequence of operation and the time
spent in each shall be as follows:
The sample shall be washed in alcohol for a period of 3 to 5 seconds.
The sample shall be washed in pure ether for a period
5 seconds.
The sample shall be dried in a
a nozzle, particular attention
the specimen. The operation
20 seconds and not more than

between 3 to
(

blast of dry nitrogen supplied from

being paid to the fractured surface of
shall be accomplished in not less than
22 seconds.

While maintaining a blanket of dry nitrogen, the sample shall be

transferred to the outer limb of the burette (audiometer) where the
sample shall be held in position clear of the mercury surface by a
magnet. The outer limb of the burette shall then be evacuated down
to a pressure of approx 13Pa ( 0.1 mm Hg). The time spent in these
operations shall be not less than, 20 seconds and not more than 25
seconds.
The sample shall then be transferred through mercury air Ioek fo its
This operation
final position in the measuring limb of the burette.
shall be accomplished within 5 seconds.
The total time spent in transferring the sample until meaqurements
commence shall not exceed 60 seconds.
5.4.2 Analytical Procedure - The sample shall be maintained under
reduced pressure at 25 & 10C for a period of 72 hours when the final
volume shall be measured.
The barometric pressure as well as the precise
temperature shall be recorded.
The sample shall be removed from the
apparatus and thoroughly brushed to remove any oxide skin and then
weighed to an accuracy of 10 mg.
5.5 Calcniation and Expression of Results - The volume VI, of diffusible
hydrogen per 100 g of deposited metal shall be calculated from the following formula:
vh =

v,(B 760

273
(273 + TR)

100
(Mz -

M,)

where
VI, = volume of diffusible hydrogen

in ml per 100 g of deposited

metal at NTP ( 0C and 760 mm Hg ),
8

IS : 11802 - 1986

I, = volume of gas in burette in ml after 72 11,

B = barometric

pressure in mm Hg,

TR = room temperature

in C when Vs is measured,

H =Z head of mercury in mm at which I:: is measured,

MZ z= mass of sample in g after removal from apparatus, and
M1 = mass of sample in g before deposition of weld.
For the purpose of this standard, the average value of results from three
determinations shall be used.
6. GLYCERIN METHOD

6.1 Apparatus - A typical apparatus using glycerin as confining

shown in Fig. 4. The set up consists of the following:

fluid is

a) A thermostatically controlled water bath with circulation and heating

arrangements to maintain bath temperature at 45 i 1 C,
b) Perforated stand made of metal which will allow free circulation
bath fluid around the glycerine container, and

of

c) Glycerine container and measuring burette wilh inverted chamber

which conhnes the sample in a bath of glycerin. The burette is
graduated to an accuracy of 0.02 ml.
6.2 Preparation of Test Specimens
6.2.1 Test specimen measuring 12 x 25 mm in cross section and approximately 125 mm in length conforming to plate material given in 4.1 shall
be used. The specimens shall be free from rust. For each test, four specimens
shall be prepared and weighed to 0.1 g accuracy.

6.2.2 Welding
6.2.2.1 The size of electrodes used for Jeposition of weld bead and the
drying of electrodes shall be in accordance with 4.2.

6.2.2.2 The welding is carried out with a short arc. The welding current
shall be 15 amperes less than the maximum specified by the manufacturer.
No burn-off of the tip is allowed before the test.
6.2.2.3 On the 25 mm surface of each test specimen prepared as per
6.2.1, a single bead of weld measuring approximately 100 mm in length shall
be deposited.
9

IS:11802 - 1986

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 4 APPARATUSFORHYDROGENDETERMINATION
BYGLYCERIN
DISPLACEMENT
METHOD
6.3 Test Procedure - Within 30 seconds of deposition of the bead, the slag
shall be removed and the sample quenched in iced water having a temperature not exceeding 5C for a p,eriod of 30 seconds. Within 10 seconds
thereafter, the sample shall be cleaned and then placed in the glycerin bath
for collection of hydrogen by displacement of glycerin. The total time spent
from the completion of the welding till the transfer of the sample to the
glycerin bath shall not exceed 70 seconds. The glycerin bath shall be
maintained at 45 f 1C during the test. All the four specimens shall be
welded and placed in the glycerin bath within 30 minutes.
10

IS :11802 - 1986

6.3.1 Hydrogen Measurenzent - The sample shall be kept immersed in

glycerin for a period of 48 hours. They shall then be removed from the
apparatus and cleaned with water followed by methanol/acetone and weighed to nearest 0.1 g to determine the amount of weld metal deposited. The
amount of gas evolved is measured to the nearest 0.05 ml and corrected to
20C and 760 mm of Hg.
6.4 Calculation and Exprekion of Test Results - The volume VI, of diffusible hydrogen per 100 g of deposited metal shall be calcualted from the
following formula:
B

vh = VP x -7T

100
293
(274 + T,:) (M2@;)

where
vh = volume of diffusible hydrogen in ml per
metal at NTP ( 0C and 760 mm Hg ),

100 g of deposited

V, - volume of gas evolved in burette in ml after4S

B = barometric
TK =

11,

pressure in mm Hg,

room temperature

in C when V, is measured,

M2 = mass of sample in g after removal from apparatus, and

M, = mass of sample in g before deposition of weld.

APPENDIX

( Clauses 0.2and 1 .l )
CORRELATJON

OF MERCURY AND GLYCERIN METHODS

A-l. As glycerin absorbs some amount of hydrogen evolved by the sample,

the results obtained by using this method tend to be somewhat lower. The
method is nonetheless is easy to operate and does not involve hazardous
chemicals such as mercury, which is a known toxic material and needs
careful handling. The glycerin method therefore lends easily to quality
control and routine inspection.
11

1s:11802 - 1986

A.;l.teNowing

correlation

between

glycerin

and mercury methods may

Vhc?= 0.64 Vm - 0.93

where
VW A hydrogk measured by glycerin method in ml per 100 g of
deposited weld metal, and
VIM = hydrogen measured by mercury
deposited weld metal.

12

method

in ml per 100 g of

Is:11802-1986
( Continued from page 2 )
Representing

Members
SHRIH.

K. TAF:
SHRIS. CHAN~RA ( Ahernute )
SHRIJ R. UPADHY~Y
SWRIB. S. PATEL( Alternote )
SHIUP. S. VI~VANATH
SHR~N. VIVANATHAN
SHR~K. RAOHAV~NDRAN,
Director ( Strut & Met )

Indian Register of Shipping, Calcutta

Apar Pvt Ltd. Bombay

Advani-Oerlikon Ltd. Bombay

National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
New Delhi
Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member )

Ltd,

Secretary
SHRI S. S. SETHI

Joint Director ( Strut & Metals ), BLS

Subcommittee for Welding Consumables, SMDC 14 : 1

Convener

SHRI D. S. HONAVAR

D & H !&heron Electrodes Pvt Ltd, Indore

Members
SHRIS. R. JANA( Alternate
to Shri D. S. Honavar )

Modi Arc Electrodes Co, Modinagar

SHRI R. S. AOOARWAL
SHRI A. V. DESHPANDE
( Alternate )
Irrigation Works, Chandigarh
SHRI AWTARSINOH

Indian Oxygen Ltd. Calcutta

SHR~S. K. BASU
Sxar R. BANERJEB
( Alternate )
Peico Electronics and Electricals Ltd, Bombay
DR S. BHATACHARYYA
DR S. BALASUBIUMANIAN
( Alternate )
Ministry of Railways
C~errrsr AND METAL~u~OIST-II
RDSO, LLJCKNOW
ASSISTANT
RESEARCH
OFFICER

RDSO, LUCKNOW( Alternate )

Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SHR~V. H. HA~LANI
SHRIK. S. SOUNDAPPAN
( Alternate )
Special Machines, Karnal
SARIR. M. JAIN
SHRI A. K. GUPTA( Alternute )
ACC Babcock Ltd. Durgapur
SHIUS. KRISHNAMURTHY

SHRI PREMKRISHNA( Alternute)

Mirhra Dhatu Nigam Ltd. Hyderabad
SXIU M. NAGESHWARARAO
SARI VIWK S. MAYADEo ( Alternate )
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Hyderabad
SHRI K. NA~ASIMHAN
SHRI RAMESHKUMAR ( Alternate I )

Smu V. SREEMANNARAYANA
( Alternate II )

( Continued on page

13

12 t

IS:11802 - 1986

Representing

wdlers
StmI ANIL PANDYA

SteelB;;;hc$ty of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant ),

SHRI J. R. PRASHER
Engineers India Ltd,
SHRI M. R. C. NAGZRZJ.\N ( Alrernate)
Bharat Heavy Plate
~~_PXI.SENTATIVf.
,

and

Vessels Ltd, Vishakha-

PowgaEz$cts
Division, BARC, Bombay
Dalmia
Institute of Scientific
and Industrial
Research, Rajgangpur
Apar Pvt Ltd. Vadodara
Advani-Oerlikon Ltd, Bombay

IZ~PRJ~ESTAIIW

RF PRESESATIVE
SIIRIJ. R. UPAOHYAY
SCiRlP. S.VIsV4NATII
SHKI M. P. DHA~UKA

New Delhi

( Alternate

14

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