Simultaneous Equations

CHAPTER 4 : SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Activity 1
State whether each of the following equation are linear or non-linear equation.
Equation
Linear/non-linear
1. x 2y = 7

Linear

2. xy = 4
3.

Non linear

y = 2x + 3

4. 2x + 3y = 14
5.

x2 + y2 = 4

4 15
5
x y
7. x 2y 2 = 0
6.

8.

y x2 = 2x

9.

x2 + xy + y2 = 7

10. x(y 2x) = 1

Activity 2
Expand the following expression
1 ( x + 3 )2 x 3 x 3

( 3x + 4 )2

x2 6 x 9

(x+6)

x2 12 x 36

( x 5 )2

x2 10 x 25

(x7)

x2 14 x 49

( 2x + 5 )

75 120 x 48 x2

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( 3 5x ) 2

9 30 x 25x2

10

2 ( 2x 5)2

8x2 40 x 50

4 x2 20 x 25

11 3 ( 5 4x )2

( 6 x )2

36 12x x2

( 4x 5 )

16 x2 40 x 25

9 x2 24 x 16
2

15

5 ( 2 3x )2

20 60 x 45x2

Simultaneous Equations

12 5 ( 3 4x )2

16

17

1 2x
3

1 4 x 4 x2
3

18x2 60 x 50

14 3 ( 8 x )2

4 12 x 9 x2

45 120 x 80 x2

13 2 ( 3x 5 )2

2 3x
4

18

192 48 x 3x2

1 3x
2

1 6 x 9 x 2
2

The steps in solving simultaneous equations:

Step 1 :

From the linear equation, arrange so that one of the unknown becomes the
subject of the equation (3).( x or y )

Step 2 :

Substitute the equation above into the non-linear equation. Eliminate fraction
and bracket before substitution.

Step 3 :

Simplify and expressed the equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0

Step 4 :

b b 2 4ac
Solve the quadratic equation using factorisation or the formula :
2a

Step 5 :

Find the value of the second unknown by substituting the value obtained into
the equation (3) from step 1.

Example :

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Simultaneous Equations

Solve the following simultaneous equations:

1.

2.
x y 5
......... 1
2
x 2 xy y 13 ........... 2
From 1 , y 5 x .......... 3
Substitute 3 int o 2

x y 3
............... 1
2
2
x y 29 ............... 2
From 1 : y 3 x
................ 3
Substitute 3 int o 2 :

x 2 2 x 5 x 5 x 13
x 2 10 x 2 x 2 25 10 x x 2 13 0
4 x 2 20 x 12 0
x2 5x 3 0
2

x 2 3 x 29
x 2 3 x 3 x 29 0
x 2 9 6 x x 2 29 0
2 x 2 6 x 20 0
x 2 3 x 10 0
x 5 x 2 0
x 5 0 or x 2 0
x5
x 2
From 3 , y 3 x
y 35
y 3 2
y 2
y5
2

3.

5
2 1

5 13
2
x 4.303
or
From 3 , y 5 4.303
y 0.6970

4 1 3

x 0.6972
y 5 0.6972
y 4.303

4.
3x 2 y 1
.......... 1
2
2
3 y 4 xy x 6 .......... 2
1 3x
From 1 , y
........... 3
2
Substitute 3 int o 2 :
2

1 3x
1 3x 2
3
4x
x 6
2
2
1 6 x 9 x2
2
3
2 x 1 3 x x 6 0
4

3 18 x 27 x 2
2 x 6 x2 x2 6 0
4
3 18 x 27 x 2 8 x 24 x 2 4 x 2 24 0
x 2 10 x 21 0
x 2 10 x 21 0
x 3 x 7 0
x3 0
or
x7 0
x 3
x 7
1 3 3
1 3 7
From 3 : y
y
2
2
y5
y 11

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3x y 3
.......... 1
2 1
3x
2 2
6x
3x y
y
2 y 3 x 6 xy .......... 2
From 1 ,
y 3 3x
........... 3
Substitute 3 int o 2 :
2 3 3x 3x 6 x 3 3x
6 6 x 3 x 18 x 18 x 2
18 x 2 6 x 18 x 3 x 6 0
18 x 2 21x 6 0
6 x2 7 x 2 0
3x 2 2 x 1 0
3x 2 0
or
2x 1 0
2
1
x
x
3
2
2
1
From 3 : y 3 3
y 3 3
3
2
3
y 1
y
2

Simultaneous Equations

5.

2 x y x 2 xy y 2 7
2x y 7
........... 1
2
2
x xy y 7
........... 2
From 1 ,
y 7 2x
........... 3
Substitute 3 int o 2
x2 x 7 2 x 7 2 x 7
x 2 7 x 2 x 2 49 28 x 4 x 2 7 0
7 x 2 35 x 42 0
x2 5x 6 0
x 2 x 3 0
x 2 0 or x 3 0
x2
x3
From 3 , y 7 2 2
y 7 2 3
y3
y 1
2

Activity 3
Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equation using substitution method.
2. 2x y = 1
9x2 2y2 + 9 = 0

1. 2x + y = 1
5x2 y2 = 11

x = 1, 7
y = 3, 15

x = 2, 6
y = 3, 11

4. 4x + 2y = x2 + xy 4x = 2

3. x + 2y = 2
1 2
5
x y

x = 1, 2/5
y = 1/2, 4/5

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x = 1, 2
y = 3, 5

Simultaneous Equations

5. Solve the following simultaneous equations and give your answers correct to four
decimal places.
2x + 3y + 1 = 0
x2 + 6xy + 6 = 0

x =1.1196, 1.7863
y = 1.0797, 0.8575

Exercise 1
Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations.
1. x y = 2
2. 3x + y = 8
x2 5xy + 2y2 = 8
3x2 + y2 = 28

x =1, 0
y = 1, 2

3 x 2y = 7
x2 + 4y2 = 37

4. 2y x = 1
xy + x2 = 26

x = 6, 1
y = 1/2, 3

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x =1, 3
y = 5, 1

x = 13/3, 4
y = 5/3, 5/2

Simultaneous Equations

5.

x 3y = 4
2x2 9y2 = 17

6. 2x y = 3
2x2 + 3xy = 1

x = 3, 11
y = 1/3, 5

7. x2 y + y2 = 2x +2y = 10

8. x + y = 6
2 5
3
x y

x = 5/2, 2
y = 5/2, 3

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x = 1/8, 1
y = 11/4, 1

x = 1, 4
y = 5, 2

Simultaneous Equations

9. x 2y = 3
2 5
9
x y

10. x + y = 7
4 15
5
x y

x =2, 1/3
y =1/2, 5/3

11. 2x 5y = 7
12x2 5y2 = 7

12. 2x + 3y = 1
x(x + y) = 10

x =1, 3/2
y = 1, 2

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x = 2, 14/5
y = 5, 21/5

x =5, 6
y = 3, 13/3

Simultaneous Equations

13. 2x + 3y = 7
x2 + xy + y2 = 7

14. 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
x2 + 6xy + 5 = 0

x = 1, 2
y = 3, 1

16. k h = 2
k2 + 2h2 = 9

15. xy = 4
2x + 3y = 14

x = 1, 6
y = 4, 2/3

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x =1, 5/3
y = 1, 7/9

(3 decimal places)

h = 0.742, 6.742
k = 2.742, 4.742

Simultaneous Equations

Activity 4
1. Find the points of intersection between the curve y2 2x = 13 and the straight line
xy=1.
2. If (3,1) is one of the solution of simultaneous equation mx 3y = 15 and
8x2 27y2 = 5n , find the value of m and n . Hence, find the other solution .
3. The straight line y = 2x + 3 intersect the curve xy + 20 = 5y at point A and point B .
Calculate the coordinates of point A and B.
4. Given that (3k, 2p) is a solution of the simultaneous equations x 2y = 4 and
2 3

1. Find the value of k and p .

x 2y
Enrichment exercise (Past years SPM questions)
1. Solve the equations 4x + y + 8 = x2 + x y = 2 .
2. Solve the simultaneous equations

x 2
4
3 y

and x + 6y = 3

3. Given the curve y2 = 8(1 x) and the straight line

y
= 4. Without plotting a graph,
x

calculate the intersection points for both graphs .

4. Solve the simultaneous equations 2x + 3y = 9 and

5. Solve the simultaneous equations

6y x
1
x y

x y
3 2 1
3 0 and 0 .
3 2
x y 2

6. Solve the simultaneous equations 3x 5 = 2y and y(x + y) = x(x + y) 5

7. Given that M = 2x y , N = 3x + 1 and R = xy 8 . Find the values of x and y
such that 2M = N = R .
8. Solve the simultaneous equations below and give your answers correct to two decimal
places,
x 4y = 9
x
3y2 = 7
2
9. Solve the simultaneous equations 4x + y = 8 and x2 + x y = 2 .
10. Solve the simultaneous equations p m = 2 and p2 + 2m = 8 . Give your answers
correct to three decimal places .
1
11. Solve the simultaneous equations x + y 1 and y2 10 = 2x .
2

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Simultaneous Equations

Simultaneous Equations Answers

Activity 4
1. (2, 3), (5, 6)
8. x = 11.56 , x = 3.76

2. m = 4, n = 9
5
3. A( ,8) B1, 5
2
3
4. p 1, p
4
8
1
k ,k
3
3

y = 0.64 , y = - 1.31
9. x = - 2 , - 3
y=0,4
10. m = 0.606 , - 6.606
p = 2.606 , - 4.606

Enrichment
1. x 1, 4

y 2 ,10

2. x 0 ,15

1
, 2
2

1
3. ( , 2 ) and (- 1, - 4)
2
4. x = 3 , x = 18
y=1,y=-9
5. x = 9 , x = - 6
y = 12 , y = 2
6. x = 3 , y = 2
7. x = - 2 , y =
x=9,y=4

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3
2

1
2
y=-4,3

11. x = 3 ,