1912

1515 Broadway

1515 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122

6003000510
See below
Nagles Addition

15

10

Legal description: Lot 10 in Block 15 of addition to the City of Seattle, as laid off by D.
T. Denny, guardian of the estate of J. M. Nagle (commonly known as Nagles Addition to
the City of Seattle) as per plat recorded in Volume 1 of Plats, page 153, records of King
County, except the west 8 feet thereof condemned for alley, situate in the city of Seattle,
County of King, State of Washington.
Restaurant &
Seattle Central College
warehouse
1701 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122
Nicola Gualtieri
Auto factory loft
Iva S. Harding
Iva S. Harding

Stephen J. Starling, AIA

901 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3100, Seattle, WA 98164
206-682-8300

1515 Broadway

Landmark Nomination Report

1515 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122
September 2016

Prepared by:

The Johnson Partnership

1212 NE 65th Street
Seattle, WA 98115-6724
206-523-1618, www.tjp.us

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page i

T ABLE

OF

C ONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1
Background .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 1

2.

PROPERTY DATA ............................................................................................................................... 2

3.

ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 3

3.1
Location & Neighborhood Character ................................................................................... 3
3.2
Site ....................................................................................................................................... 3
3.3
Building Structure & Exterior Features ................................................................................. 3
3.4
Plan & Interior Features ....................................................................................................... 3
3.5
Documented Building Alterations......................................................................................... 4

4.

SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................................................... 4
4.1
Historic Neighborhood Context: Capitol Hill and the Pike-Pine Corridor ........................... 4
4.2
Building History: 1513 & 1515 Broadway ........................................................................... 7
4.3
Historical Architectural Context: Auto Showrooms, Dealerships, and Automotive
Service Stores in Seattle ......................................................................................................... 7
4.4.1 Building Owner: Nicola Gualtieri ....................................................................................... 10
4.4.2 Subsequent Building Owner: Seattle Central College .......................................................... 10
4.5
Building Designer & Builder: Ira S. Harding ...................................................................... 11

5.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................ 12

APPENDIX 1FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. 14

APPENDIX 2ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS............................................................................................. 15

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page ii

L IST

OF

F IGURES

Figure 1 Location Map, Seattle............................................................................................................. A-1

Figure 2 Neighborhood map ................................................................................................................ A-2
Figure 3 View A - Viewing north along Broadway ................................................................................ A-3
Figure 4 View B - Viewing south along Broadway ................................................................................ A-3
Figure 5 Site Plan ................................................................................................................................. A-4
Figure 6 1515 Broadway, eastern faade ............................................................................................... A-5
Figure 7 1515 Broadway, detail at cornice ............................................................................................ A-5
Figure 8 1515 Broadway, detail at storefront ........................................................................................ A-6
Figure 9 1515 Broadway, partial northern faade ................................................................................. A-6
Figure 10 1515 Broadway, western faade, alley viewing south............................................................. A-7
Figure 11 1515 Broadway, western faade, alley viewing north ............................................................ A-7
Figure 12 1515 Broadway, interior at southern restaurant space ........................................................... A-8
Figure 13 1515 Broadway, interior at southern restaurant space ........................................................... A-8
Figure 14 1515 Broadway, interior at northern retail space/warehouse ................................................. A-9
Figure 15 1515 Broadway, interior at rear warehouse space .................................................................. A-9
Figure 16 Lincoln Reservoir under construction, September 18, 1899 ............................................... A-10
Figure 17 Pike Street from Broadway Avenue E, 1911 ....................................................................... A-10
Figure 18 Broadway High School, Broadway and E Pine Street, 1908 ............................................... A-11
Figure 19 Auto row buildings in Capitol Hill, Seattle, 1921............................................................... A-11
Figure 20 Eldridge Motors, 1936 ....................................................................................................... A-12
Figure 21 Former Broadway State Bank, Broadway and Pike, 1936 (Louis & Michael Beeze, 1913) .. A-12
Figure 22 The Wintonia Hotel, 1431 Minor Avenue (Bebb & Mendel, 1909, City of Seattle
Landmark) ...................................................................................................................... A-13
Figure 23 First Covenant Church, 1500 Bellevue Avenue E (John Creutzer, 1910-1911, City of
Seattle Landmark) ........................................................................................................... A-13
Figure 24 Summit School/Northwest School, 1415 Summit Avenue (James Stephen, 1905, City of
Seattle Landmark) ........................................................................................................... A-14
Figure 25 Old Fire Station #25, 1400 Harvard Avenue (Somervell & Cote, 1909, City of Seattle
Landmark) ...................................................................................................................... A-14
Figure 26 Kelly-Springfield Motor Truck Company Building, 1525 11th Avenue (Julian Everett,
1917, City of Seattle Landmark) ..................................................................................... A-15
Figure 27 White Motor Company Building, 1021 E Pine Street (Julian Everett, 1917-18, City of
Seattle Landmark) .......................................................................................................... A-15
Figure 28 First African Methodist Episcopal Church, 1522 14th Avenue (1912, City of Seattle
Landmark) ...................................................................................................................... A-16
Figure 29 Lincoln Reservoir, 1000 E Pine Street (R. H. Thompson, 1900, City of Seattle
Landmark) ...................................................................................................................... A-16
Figure 30 Stewart Warner service station, 1515 Broadway, 1937 ....................................................... A-17
Figure 31 Capitol Hill Automotive, 1515 Broadway, 1963 ................................................................ A-17
Figure 32 Pacific McKay Building (Harlan Thomas and Clyde Granger, 1925, City of Seattle
Landmark) ...................................................................................................................... A-18
Figure 33 Former Firestone Tire service building, Eleventh Avenue ................................................... A-18
Figure 34 Retail building housing auto-related shops and services, 812 E Pike Street, 1936 ............... A-19
Figure 35 Garage building for George L. Seibert, Westlake (Earl Roberts, 1924) ............................... A-19
Figure 36 Former Donahoe Garage (Charles Haynes, 1916) .............................................................. A-20

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page iii

Figure 37 S. L. Savidge dealership (now the Washington Talking Book & Braille Library,
Naramore, Bain, Brady & Johanson, 1948) .................................................................... A-20
Figure 38 Former Broadway High School (Boone & Corner, 1902) .................................................. A-21
Figure 39 Broadway High School Annex, Edison Technical School (1921-1930) .............................. A-21
Figure 40 Broadway Edison Building, Seattle Central College, 2010 (NBBJ, 1979) ........................... A-22

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 1

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
S EPTEM BER 2016

1. I NTRODUCTION
This landmark nomination report provides information regarding the architectural design and
historical significance of 1515 Broadway. The building is located at 1515 Broadway in Seattle,
Washington. The Johnson Partnership prepared this report at the request of the buildings owner,
Seattle Central College, formerly known as Seattle Central Community College.
1.1 Background
The City of Seattles Department of Construction and Inspections (DCI), formerly known as the
Department of Planning and Development, through a 1995 agreement with the Department of
Neighborhoods, requires a review of potentially eligible landmarks for commercial projects over
4,000 square feet in area. As any proposed redevelopment of the subject building described within
this report will require a permit from DCI, the property owner is providing the following report to
the staff of the Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board (LPB) to resolve the propertys status.
To be eligible for nomination as a City of Seattle Landmark, a building, object, or structure must be
at least 25 years old, have significant character, interest, or value, the integrity or ability to convey its
significance, and it must meet one or more of the following six criteria (SMC 25.12.350):
A. It is the location of or is associated in a significant way with an historic event with a
significant effect upon the community, city, state, or nation.
B. It is associated in a significant way with the life of a person important in the history of the
city, state, or nation.
C. It is associated in a significant way with a significant aspect of the cultural, political, or
economic heritage of the community, city, state, or nation.
D. It embodies the distinctive visible characteristics of an architectural style, period, or method
of construction.
E. It is an outstanding work of a designer or builder.
F. Because of its prominence of spatial location, contrast of siting, age, or scale, it is an easily
identifiable feature of its neighborhood or the city and contributes to the distinctive quality
or identity of such neighborhood or city.
1.2 M ethodology
Research and development of this report were completed in July and August 2016, by Larry E.
Johnson, AIA, principal, Ellen F. C. Mirro, AIA, and Katherine V. Jaeger of The Johnson
Partnership, 1212 N.E. 65th Street, Seattle, WA. Research was undertaken at the Puget Sound
Regional Archives, the University of Washington Special Collections Library, the Seattle Public
Library, the Museum of History and Industry, the Seattle Times Digital Archives, and Internet sites.
The site and buildings were photographed to document the existing conditions in July 2016.

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 2

2. P ROPERTY D ATA
Building Name: 1515 Broadway
Address: 1515 Broadway
Location: Capitol Hill neighborhood
Assessors File Number: 6003000510
Legal Description: Lot 10 in Block 15 of addition to the City of Seattle, as laid off by D. T.
Denny, guardian of the estate of J. M. Nagle (commonly known as Nagles Addition to the City of
Seattle) as per plat recorded in Volume 1 of Plats, page 153, records of King County, except the west
8 feet thereof condemned for alley, situate in the city of Seattle, County of King, State of
Washington.
Date of Construction: 1912
Original/Present Use: Auto factory loft/Restaurant & warehouse
Original/Present Owner: Nicola Gualtieri/Seattle Central College
Original Designer: Iva S. Harding
Zoning:

NC3P-65

Property Size: 7200 sq. ft.

Building Size: 7200 sq. ft.

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 3

3. A RCHITECTURAL D ESCRIPTION
3.1 Location & Neighborhood Character
The subject building is located on Broadway between E Pike Street and E Pine Street within the
Pike/Pine Urban Center Village. Cal Anderson Park and Bobby Morris Playfield, running from E
Pine Street north to E Denny Way, lies directly across E Pine Street to the north. The surrounding
neighborhood is a mixture of commercial and apartment buildings, dating in age from the early
1900s to the present day. The subject site is located on the southern end of the Seattle Central
College Campus. See figures 1-4.
3.2 Site
The rectangular site measures 60 feet north-south and 120 feet east-west. A sidewalk borders the
eastern faade and an alley runs along the western faade. The subject building is a zero lot line
building and encompasses the entire site. See figure 5.
3.3 Building Structure & Exterior Features
The subject building is a one-story mill construction building with brick masonry exterior walls
measuring approximately 60 feet by 120 feet. Stylistically it could be identified as a vernacular retail
building, although it is currently used as a warehouse and a restaurant.
The building has three equal bays along the eastern, front, faade. Currently a restaurant occupies the
southernmost bay, and the central and northernmost bay are occupied by storage. Brick pilasters
define the bays, which are in-filled with a wooden storefront windows system. The spandrel brick has
been covered with painted plywood, although the brick corbelling on the parapet above is exposed. A
two-course running bond parapet cap is made of brick. All of the storefronts appear to have been
replaced with the current system in 1993. The southern bay storefront consists of four lights and a
door with a transom above on the northern end, and a five-light clerestory above. Previously this bay
was used for automobile access, and at one time had a roll-up door. Photographic evidence indicates
that the original storefront in this bay had a six-light transom, a plate glass window, and access for
automobiles. The central bay has a central door with plate glass on either side, and a five-light
clerestory above. It appears that originally the storefront at this bay consisted of two sections: a plate
glass storefront and entry door with a three-light transom above on the southern side, separated by a
thicker mullion from plate glass with a four-light transom on the northern side. The northernmost
bay consists of a five-light storefront with a five-light clerestory above. Originally the northernmost
bay appears to have had a plate glass storefront with a six-light transom above. In all three bays the
spandrel between the street-front storefront and the transom is clad in painted non-original ten-inch
square tiles. See figures 6-11.
3.4 Plan & Interior Features
The interior of the building is divided into three spaces.
At the southernmost street-front bay is a 1,160-square-foot restaurant with a 1-in-12 sloped, 4-footwide, 15-foot-long ramp up from street level to the finished floor level. Finishes are non-original tile
flooring, a dropped acoustical ceiling and painted gypsum wallboard walls, in addition to booths, a
restaurant bar and other non-original fixtures. See figures 12-13.
At the northern and central street front, a 2,674-square-foot retail space is now used as part of the
warehouse at the back of the building. A beam supported on columns supports painted decking
above. The walls are painted plaster and gypsum wallboard in fair to poor condition. The floor is
painted concrete. Non-original skylights provide natural light at the rear of the space. See figure
14.
The rear 59 feet of the building comprise a 3,060-square-foot warehouse with a wood-framed
mezzanine on the northern side. See figure 15.

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 4

3.5 Documented Building Alterations

The building was constructed in 1912 as a factory, and has undergone significant alterations over the
years. By the 1930s the building had been divided and was being used as a battery and auto repair
shop. A fire in 1942 required significant repairs. Interior alterations were undertaken in 1963 for use
as an upholstery shop, and in 1969 the building was again used for auto repair. In 1993, the southern
portion of the building was remodeled for restaurant use, and the existing storefront faade was
installed at that time.
Significant recorded permits
Date

Description

Designer

Permit #

1911

Build one-story auto loft factory

Iva. S. Harding

102726

1911

Put two doors in place of one

Iva. S. Harding

108387

1913

Build one-story brick addition

Iva. S. Harding

120934

1920

Illegible

1921

Illegible

1942

Repair fire damage

334387

1948

Chimney

391696

1952

Add fire door

418388

1963

Construct vestibule in existing building

504659

1969

Occupy existing building as repair garage

531509

1993

Interior alterations and new storefront

Tangent

668020

2006

Interior alterations to restaurant

Pita Pit

6087794

188130
Stewart Products

205722

4. S IGNIFICANCE
4.1 Historic Neighborhood Context: Capitol Hill and the Pike-Pine Corridor
The subject site is situated on the southern end of the Broadway retail corridor on the southeastern
edge of the Capitol Hill neighborhood. Commercial development is located along the Pike-Pine
commercial district and west along Broadway.
The Capitol Hill neighborhood is located on a long north-south ridge that overlooks the central
business district and Lake Union to the west, and the Madison Valley and Lake Washington to the
east. The first known use of the area by European-American settlers was for a cemetery, later named
Lake View Cemetery, at the areas highest point, near its northern end. Logging of the area began in
the 1880s, followed soon after by residential subdivisions. James Moore (1861-1929), Capitol Hills
chief developer, gave the hill its name in 1901, the area having previously been known as Broadway
Hill. Moore is thought to have chosen the name for the quarter section of land he purchased in 1900,
primarily because his wife came from Denver, another western city that had its own Capitol Hill.
J. H. Nagels First Addition, bounded by Harvard Avenue to the west, a half block east of 14th
Avenue to the east, Union Street to the south and Thomas Street to the north, was platted in 1880
by David Denny as trustee and guardian of the estate of John H. Nagel, who was at that time
confined to the Insane Asylum for Washington Territory. Nagel, a German immigrant and early
Seattle pioneer, had homesteaded the area amounting to 161 acres in 1855, cultivating fruits and
vegetables on the land. Denny left an open tract that encompassed most of Nagels original farm,
lying one block east of Broadway to the east side of Twelfth Avenue, and from the north side of

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 5

Gould Street (now Pine Street) to the south side of Hawthorn Street (now Denny Way), possibly in
hope that Nagel would eventually recover. However, Nagel died in the mental institution in 1897.
The City of Seattle purchased 11.133 acres of the open tract for use as a reservoir. The reservoir and
hydraulic pumping station were completed in 1901, with the remaining area developed as a park
(1902, Olmstead Brothers) and playfield (1908). The reservoir and park were named Lincoln
Reservoir and Lincoln Park and in 1922 renamed Broadway Playfield to avoid confusion with the
new Lincoln Park in West Seattle. In 1980 the playfield was renamed Bobby Morris Playfield. In
2003, the entire site was named Cal Anderson Park, in honor of Washington States first openly gay
legislator.1 See figure 16.
Many of the new plats were laid out in conjunction with streetcar lines, specifically to attract new
property owners. The Yesler Way cable car line to Lake Washington opened in 1888; within twelve
months, builders constructed approximately 1,569 homes within three blocks of the cable car line. In
1901, the City Park trolley line was constructed from downtown to what would become Volunteer
Park. By 1909, the Puget Sound Traction Light and Power Company would extend three more lines
north along the Capitol Hill Ridge. Similar to the City Park line, the Capitol Hill line approached
the ridge along Pike Street to reach the last long leg of its route on 15th Avenue. Another line
followed 19th Avenue, and the 23rd Avenue line was laid along the line of the old wagon road as far
north as Portage Bay, and to the entrance of the 1909 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition on the
University of Washington Campus. Another streetcar line running up Pike Street was laid by 1912.
See figure 17.
Capitol Hill quickly became a streetcar suburb with residential areas constructed to the sides of the
business and transportation strips of Broadway, 15th, and 19th Avenues. By 1912, there were more
than forty platted additions within the Capitol Hill area, including Fourth, Yesler, and Moores seven
Capitol Hill tracts, and the several Pontius additions. Capitol Hill became a mix of large grand
houses and modest family houses, often sharing the same block. As platted, the lots are generally
small, usually approximately 60 feet by 120 feet. Many of these homes were built in the form of the
efficient Seattle Box style.
The increase in residents made neighborhood schools a necessity. The earliest schools in the area were
built in 1890, designed by the firm of Saunders & Houghton. Pontius School (now called Lowell
School) was located on the northern end of the neighborhood, and T. T. Minor was on the southern
end. Two more schools were built in 1902: the Walla Walla School (now Horace Mann, City of
Seattle Landmark) by Saunders & Lawton, and Seattle High School, later renamed to Broadway
High School (now Seattle Central College), designed by Boone & Corner. In 1905 the Summit
School (now the Northwest School, City of Seattle Landmark) was constructed on the southern end
of the neighborhood, designed by school district architect James Stephen. One year later Isaac I.
Stevens School, also designed by Stephen, was constructed on the neighborhood's northern end.2 See
figure 18.
Because of the proximity of large Catholic churches and schools built in the area at that time
including Holy Names Academy (1907) at 22nd Avenue and Aloha Street, St. Josephs Church (1907)
and School (1908) on 18th Avenue, and Forest Ridge School (1907) on Interlaken Boulevardmany
large Catholic families moved into the neighborhood.
Other areas developed a more unified character of grander houses. The first was Millionaires Row
developed by Moore on 14th Avenue just south of Volunteer Park, followed by what became known
as the Harvard/Belmont district.
St. Lukes Hospital, the future home of the Group Health Cooperative, was built in the 1920s on
15th Avenue E. In 1947 the building was purchased to be one of the first medical facilities for the
Group Health Cooperative.
1
Dotty Decoster, Nagle, John H. (1830-1897), HistoryLink.org Essay 9268, January 23, 2010,
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9268 (accessed August 23, 2014).
2
Nile Thompson & Carolyn J. Marr, Building for Learning, Seattle Public Schools Histories, 1862-2000 (Seattle, WA:
School Histories Committee, Seattle School District, 2002).

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 6

The Pike-Pine corridor developed as a commercial district east of downtown along Pike and Pine
Streets from the 300 block until 15th Avenue intersects with E Madison Street. This area served as the
center of automobile sales and associated services from around 1906 until well into the 1950s. The
earliest dealerships were located on Broadway, near Broadway High School.3 By 1909 at least 20 auto
dealers operated in the Pike-Pine neighborhood.4 Examples of major dealers include the Broadway
Automobile Company (Detroit Electric) showroom, located at Broadway and Madison Street; the
(Pierce-Arrow) Motor Car Company, located on E Union Street and Broadway; the Seattle Motor
Car Company (Franklin Motor Cars) located at 1423 Tenth Avenue; Nute & Keena (Packard Motor
Cars) was at E Pike Street and Belmont Avenue; Olympic Motor Cars (Peerless, Chalmers-Detroit,
and Hudson) at 1317 Fifth Avenue; Cummings Motor Car Company at 310 E Pike Street; and M.S.
Brigham Motor Car Co. at 915 E Pike Street. As late as 1940, fourteen new car and seventeen used
car dealerships remained in the area. Other automotive-related businesses clustered in the area, and
by 1909 the area included shops three auto parts stores, at least eight tire stores, and businesses
offering auto repair, auto tops, bodies and windshields. See figure 19.
In 1936, the block formed by the intersections of E Pike and E Pine streets and Broadway and
Harvard Avenue housed auto-related industries including Eldridge Motors Inc., Auto Loans, an
Auto Kitchen, Regalia Auto Parts, Bill Stroms Auto Rebuild, Eldridge Tire, Stewart Warner
Service Station, and the Austin Finance Bank, which specialized in auto loans. In 1936, the only two
buildings on the block that were not part of the auto industry were the Masonic Temple and the
White Log Tavern on E Pine Street.5 See figures 20-21.
The early auto dealership buildings were one or two stories tall and made of brick or concrete, with
large plate glass windows. Auto services tended to use existing buildings, or smaller scale wooden
buildings with large plate glass windows. As the industry and the district matured, dealerships began
to construct larger more ornate buildings, up to four stories tall, often faced with terra cotta, and
repair garages focused on fireproof construction of brick and concrete. Examples of auto showroom
buildings include the White Motor building at E Pike Street and Eleventh Avenue (City of Seattle
Landmark), a former Packard Dealership at 1120 Pike Street, and Boone & Company Pontiac
(1925) at 1600 Broadway. Other notable buildings in the Pike-Pine corridor include the Lorraine
Court Apartments at 1025 E Pike Street, the IOOF Temple at 911 E Pine Street, the Johnson &
Hamilton Mortuary at 1400 Broadway, the Hotel Avondale at 1100 Pike Street, the Booth Building
(1906) on Broadway (once the home of Cornish College of the Arts), and the Butterworth Mortuary
at 300 E Pine Street. 6
Apartment house development occurred parallel and in some cases immediately adjacent to single
family residential development. Many of the early multi-family buildings provided large units within
handsome structures with garden areas, providing housing for families. Later, many of these larger
apartments were divided into smaller units for single occupants. Likewise, many larger single-family
residences were converted to rooming houses. A few bungalow courts in their various forms were also
built in the area within easy walking distance to streetcar lines in the 1920s.
Capitol Hill is now a vibrant community, with a thriving business district along Broadway Avenue
and along 15th and 19th Avenues. It is home to Volunteer Park and the Seattle Asian Art Museum, St.
Marks Episcopal Cathedral and other churches, Seattle Central College (formerly Seattle Central
Community College), Cornish College for the Arts, and many shops, restaurants, night classes, and
coffeehouses. Madison Street has also seen major redevelopment. Area Landmarks include the
Wintonia Hotel at 1431 Minor Avenue, the First Covenant Church at 1500 Bellevue Avenue E, the
Summit School/Northwest School at 1415 Summit Avenue, the Old Fire Station #25 at 1400
Harvard Avenue, the Kelly-Springfield Motor Truck Company Building at 1525 Eleventh Avenue,
the White Motor Company Building at 1021 E Pine Street, the First African Methodist Episcopal
3

Mimi Sheridan, Historic Property Survey Report: Seattles Neighborhood Commercial Districts, City of Seattle
Department of Neighborhoods, November 2002, p. 28.
4
Mrs. G. W. Walsh, Jr., Seattle, The Automobile Center, The Coast, December 1909, p. 306-310.
5
Puget Sound Regional Archives records of Sackman home addition.
6
Sheridan.

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 7

Church at 1522 14th Avenue, and the Lincoln Reservoir at 1000 E Pine Street. See figures 22-29.
Note: A history of the Capitol Hill area is available in the form of a context statement in the City
of Seattles Department of Neighborhoods Historic Preservation Program Historic Property Survey
Report: Seattles Neighborhood Commercial Districts, available at:
http://www.seattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/contextcommercialreport.pdf.
4.2 Building History: 1513 and 1515 Broadway
The front 70 feet of the subject building were constructed in 1911. The permit lists the construction
as a 60' by 70' brick and frame auto loft factory building, with Nicola Gualtieri listed as the owner
of the property and Iva S. Harding as the architect, although Harding appears to have been a
carpenter and builder rather than a practicing architect. Two years later, in 1913, the rear 50 feet of
the building was constructed, with the same owner and architect listed. The owner was also listed
as the builder on the permits.7 See figures 30-31.
In 1913 the building was addressed at 1513 Broadway and the first tenant was Scott E. Bird. Early
tenancy records indicate that most tenants were short-term. Between 1914 and 1916 the H. L. Keats
Auto Company used the building as its showroom. The Keats dealership was based in Portland, OR
and sold Chalmers automobiles. In 1916, the Andrews Philips Company was a tenant, followed the
next year by Seattle Universal Tire Filler Company. By 1919 the H. C. Brown automotive company
was listed as tenant.
In 1920 the building address was 1515 Broadway, and the tenant was again listed as Scott E. Bird,
Republic Trucks. However, by 1922 Stewart-Warner Products Service Station was the only tenant.
Stewart-Warner seems to have been the longest tenant to date, remaining in the building until
possibly the early 1930s. During that time the southern bay of the building was divided into a
separate retail space, at which point the building had two addresses. 1513 Broadway was the smaller
space to the south, occupied until the mid-1940s by a series of auto battery stores. Stewart-Warner
remained in 1515 Broadway until the late 1930s, when Bischoff Sales Company (wholesale auto
accessories) tenanted the building until the early 1940s.
In 1944, the building was vacant, and shortly after that Arnolds Auto Upholstery business combined
the two spaces and occupied the entire building. Arnold's stayed in the building until 1969. At that
time a change-of-use permit to allowed Capitol Hill Automotive to occupy the building as an auto
service garage. The service garage stayed in the building until renovations in 1993 once again divided
the building in two, and the southern space was converted for restaurant use. An unknown restaurant
was the southern tenant at 1513 Broadway, and Atlas Clothing the northern tenant at 1515
Broadway. Employees of Atlas Clothing also used the rear warehouse space of the building for all-ages
concerts in 2007.8 Atlas Clothing vacated the building in 2011.9 Today the space is used as storage
for Seattle Central College facilities. The Pita Pit renovated and expanded the restaurant space in
2006. It is now occupied by Freddie Juniors Burgers and Hotdogs.
Before 1992 the owner of the building was Mitsuko Morishita et. al, when Eileen Ryan and John E.
DeRocco purchased the building. It again changed hands in 2005, when Hoffman Investments LLC
purchased the building. Washington State and the State Board for Community and Technical
Colleges purchased the subject building in 2008.10

City of Seattle construction permits # 102726 and #120934.

Eric Grandy, Atlas Clothings Covert Concerts, The Stranger, June 28, 2007.
9
Capitol Hill Seattle Blog, Atlas? Shrug: Vintage Clothing Retailer Quietly Leaves Capitol Hill, August 2, 2011,
www.capitolhillseattle.com, (accessed September 8, 2016).
10
King County Tax Assessor Records.
8

1515 Broadway
Landmark Nomination Report
September 2016, page 8

4.3 Historical Architectural Context: Auto Showrooms, Dealerships, and Automotive

Service Stores in Seattle
The subject building is a masonry-veneered wood frame building typologically considered a
vernacular commercial building, and associated with auto row. The building exhibits no indicators of
popular styles or decorative motifs beyond the most minimal, such as the brick corbelling on the
parapet of the eastern faade. The large openings for plate glass windows and brick cladding are
consistent with other vernacular auto row buildings of the period.
The automobile entered the American national commercial market in the early 1900s, when
manufacturers developed nationwide retail sales networks. Franchises were granted to agents to
develop dealerships to sell, repair, and promote the dozens of available models. In the beginning, these
dealerships were often associated with other transportation-related sales including livery stables,
blacksmiths, or bicycle shops, and the sales buildings themselves reflected these products and services.
Automobile sales soon eclipsed these sideline businesses. By 1913, local Seattle dealerships included
Ford, Buick, Overland, Cadillac, Studebaker, Chalmers, Winton, Packard, Hudson, Pierce-Arrow and
several others. Around that time the first buildings designed exclusively for automobile sales began to
appear in American cities.11
Between 1910 and 1920, automobile manufacturers began to influence the design of dealer
showrooms, which in turn influenced service centers. Manufacturers encouraged dealers to build grand,
even palatial, buildings that were on par with downtown banks and hotel buildings. These showrooms
became corporate status symbols, and showrooms became virtual sales palaces, where affluent potential
buyers were entertained with subtle salesmanship.12 These buildings, built just before and during the
1920s, were often two- or three-story buildings flush with their streetfront property lines and featured
large plate glass windows that allowed better views of the automobiles inside.13 The exterior faades
were patterned similar to other contemporary commercial buildings. The buildings were often
constructed of reinforced concrete to allow fireproof construction and to accommodate heavy loads of
vehicles that were often serviced on upper floors above the showroom.14 Brick masonry, cast stone, and
terra cotta were used on the exterior, the latter two often highly ornamented with eclectic compositions
of Classical detailing. The Pacific McKay Building on Mercer Street, designed by architects Harlan
Thomas and Clyde Granger, is probably the best example of a 1920s dealership extant in Seattle until
its demolition in 2009.15 Other auto row buildings with terra cotta cladding included the White Motor
Company Building (City of Seattle Landmark, 1917, Julian F. Everett with William R. Kelley) on
Capitol Hill and the Cosmopolitan Motors/Murray Marsh Building (1925, Earl A. Roberts) on
Westlake Avenue. See figure 32.
During this period the subject building was constructed as an Auto Factory Loft and soon used as a
showroom for Keats, before it transitioned to auto service. Examples of brick-clad auto showrooms in
Seattle include the N & K Packard dealership at Belmont Avenue and E Pike Street and the Great
Western Motor Company Building on Broadway. There are many extant examples of vernacular
brick buildings used for auto-related services, such as the former Firestone Tire service building on
Eleventh Avenue, the auto garage at 1515 Tenth Avenue, and the retail building at 812 E Pike Street.
See figures 33-34.
The new dealership buildings were often clustered, often near wealthy residential areas, creating what
came to be known as auto rows. The first auto row in Seattle was on Capitol Hills Broadway, but
others developed along Westlake Avenue, Mercer Street, and Pine Street.16 Service centers and other
11

Ezra Abraham, The Evolution of Seattles Early Automobile Showrooms on Capitol Hill, Preservation of the
Vernacular Environment III, edited by Gail Lee Dubrow, Neile Graham, and Amy Scarfone (Seattle, WA: University of
Washington, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Preservation Planning & Design Program Working Papers, Vol.
III, Winter 1999), pp. 111-123.
12
Ibid.
13
Ibid.
14
Ibid.
15
Pacific Coast Architecture Database, "Pacific McKay Building, South Lake Union, Seattle,"
http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/12206/ (accessed September 13, 2016).
16
Ibid.

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automotive-related parts stores were also located near these auto rows.17
As automobiles became popular, the need arose for parking and auto services, and new businesses
sprang up to serve this demand. Prior to the early 1900s, auto service shops had no distinct typology, as
they were usually associated with other transportation-related sales, including livery stables,
blacksmiths, or bicycle shops. Gasoline was originally sold at businesses such as hardware stores and
blacksmith shops, but in 1907 Standard Oil opened Seattles first drive-in filling station. By 1909, at
least eight stores were selling tires in Seattle.18 In 1911, the Mitchell Motor Car Company opened a
dealership in Seattle at the corner of Broadway and Pike Street, with a service department as part of the
business.19
By the 1920s, filling stations also offered parts and repair, as did auto dealerships and independent auto
service stations. Auto service buildings took different forms, from humble gas stations to multi-story
utilitarian garages such as the garage building for George L. Seibert in Westlake, and to more elaborate
parts and service stores and garages such as the Donahoe garage by Charles Haynes, built in 1916. See
figures 35-36.
During these years Seattle was also undergoing profound changes in character, including rapid
population growth. Private automobiles began to replace public transit. As Susan Boyle reported in the
Landmark Nomination Report for the Pacific McKay and Ford McKay Buildings:
Seattle had grown to over 80,670 residents by 1900 as the citys economy had boomed
during the Alaska Gold Rush of 1897. By 1910, the city's population had risen to 237,194.
Growth was even more expansive in the years preceding World War I, and by 1920 Seattle
numbered 315,312. The population began to stabilize the following decade, and in 1930 it
was 365,583. During the first three decades of the 20th century, auto ownership grew
rapidly in Washington as it did nationwide. Motor vehicle registration in the state rose
steadily from 1914 through 1929, before dropping sharply with the onset of the Depression.
Percentage of the population with registered autos rose from just over 11% in 1921, to
nearly 25% in 1929. The greatest increases in number of vehicles registered occurred
between 1916 to 1917, 1922 to 1926, and 1928 to 1929. Between 1928 and 1929, more
than 35,000 new vehicles were registered in Washington State. In the following year, with
the onset of the Depression, fewer than 3,000 new autos were registered.20
The Great Depression of the 1930s had severe consequences on automobile manufacturers and their
dealerships. Many closed entirely; others drastically cut back operations.21 In the early 1940s
automobile manufacturing capacity was redirected to the war effort.22 Post-war prosperity and new
highway construction brought increased automobile production and expansion of dealerships and
service centers.23
As automobiles became streamlined, so did the buildings that housed them, including service stations,
parking garages, and dealerships. The former S. L. Savidge dealership (now the Washington Talking
Book & Braille Library) designed by Naramore, Bain, Brady & Johanson, and built in 1948, is
undoubtedly the finest example of an Art Deco automotive showroom in Seattle. However, even
humble gas stations adopted a more modern style. See figures 37.
As the growing cult of the automobile allowed for the expansion of suburbia in the 1940s and 1950s,
automobile dealers were encouraged to leave the decaying city cores for outlying areas with land that
was less expensive and allowed for large car lots and sprawling one-story showrooms and service

17

Ibid.
Walsh, p. 307.
19
Seattle Times, Owners of Mitchell Cars get Attention: Well-Equipped Service Department Adds to Business Success,
Says Manager Johnson of Local Branch, November 19, 1911, p. 43.
20
BOLA Architecture + Planning, Pacific McKay and Ford McKay Buildings, 601-615 Westlake Ave. N, City of Seattle
Landmark Nomination Report, March 2006.
21
Ibid.
22
Ibid.
23
Ibid.
18

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centers.24 Early expansion areas included Ballard, Roosevelt Way, and Lake City, but soon dealerships
opened east of Seattle, to the north in Lynnwood, and south as far as Auburn.25 Architectural style for
these new low-rise buildings included Streamline Moderne or boxy International Style knockoffs,
evolving into futuristic George Jetson spaceports."
4.4 Original Building Owner: Nicola Gualtieri
The original owners of the subject building were Nicola and Mary Gualtieri. Nicola was born in Italy
around 1870. He arrived in Seattle around 1905, and first settled in the International District. By
1906, his address was 1517 Broadway Avenue, where he worked as a barber. He became a naturalized
citizen before 1910. By 1922, his barbershop was located at 98 Marion Avenue. They maintained
their residence at 1515 Broadway, probably until he constructed the subject building. Mary was born
in Minnesota around 1881. The couple had a daughter, Juliet, in around 1906. They lived at
different locations on Capitol Hill, including 635 13th Avenue W and 635 10th Avenue N. Nicola
died in 1942; Mary died in 1960. 26
4.5 Subsequent Building Owner: Seattle Central College
Seattle Central College, located in the Capitol Hill Neighborhood, is an accredited state college, and
one of three community colleges that comprise the Seattle Colleges District. Currently the central
campus provides programs including Information Technologies, Business Administration, Apparel
Design, Cosmetology, and Culinary Arts. Seattle Central College also administers short-term job
training programs at the Seattle Vocational Institute, and operates two satellite branches, the Wood
Technology facility at 2310 S. Lane Street, and the Seattle Maritime Academy located on the Lake
Washington Ship Canal adjacent to the Ballard Bridge. Together the colleges comprise the largest
community college district in Washington State, educating more than 50,000 students each year.
The college evolved from the former Edison Vocational Technical Institute located in the former
Broadway High School located on Broadway. The 1902 high school and the adjacent Edison
Technical School were converted to a vocational and adult education institution in 1946, for the
benefit of veterans who wanted to finish high school.27 See figures 38-39.
The first college classes were held in the facility in 1966. The State Community College Act of 1967
established college districts separate from public schools, with a mandate to provide an open door to
education for all who seek it.28
As well as a central campus, north and south campuses were planed. Those campus facilities were
completed in 1970, with the three colleges forming a multi-campus district reconstituted as Seattle
Community College. The original Broadway High School was demolished in the mid-1970s, with
the exception of the western assembly hall, and replaced with a modern concrete structure. The
assembly hall was upgraded and became Seattle Central #OMMUNITYColleges Broadway Performance
(ALL4HESeattle Vocational Institute became affiliated with the Central Campus in 1991, under
7ASHINGTONStates Workforce Training and Education Act. Besides Centrals Wood Technology
#ENTERANDTHE-Aritime Academy, the south campus has two other specialized training centers, one
IN'EORGETOWNAND the New Holly Center.29 See figure 40.
In March 2014, the Seattle Community Colleges District Board of Trustees voted to change the
name of the district to Seattle Colleges, and to change the names of the colleges to Seattle Central
24

Ibid.
Ibid.
26
Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census online database. And U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995, online
database.
27
Paul Dorpat, Broadway High School , Seattles first dedicated high school opens in 1902, HistoryLink.org essay 3204,
April 4, 2015, http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?Display Page=output.cfm&file_id=3204 (accessed July 20, 2016).
28
Seattle Community Colleges, College History, https://www.seattlecolleges.edu/district/district/history.aspx (accessed
July 20, 2016).
29
Seattle Colleges, http://www.seattlecolleges.edu (accessed July 20, 2016).
25

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College, North Seattle College, and South Seattle College, and offer baccalaureate degrees.30
Presently Seattle Central College offers two accredited bachelors degree programs, a Bachelor of
Applied Science in Applied Behavioral Science, and a Bachelor of Applied Science in Allied Health.
In addition, two-year associate degrees are offered that are eligible for the states Direct Transfer
Agreement that guarantees that credits earned will be accepted for transfer to any state university for
completion of a Bachelor of Science or Arts.31
Seattle Central Colleges campus also includes the Mitchell Activity Center, an 85,000 square foot
athletic facility constructed in 1996. It includes racquetball and squash courts, an indoor swimming
pool, gymnasiums, a strength training facility, and a game room.
4.6 Building Designer and Contractor: Iva S. Harding
Iva S. Harding, also known as Ira, was born in Indiana in 1875. In 1910 he was living at 1507
Harvard Avenue on Capitol Hill in Seattle, one block away from the subject site, and worked as a
carpenter.32 Ten years later he lived at 2227 Tenth Avenue N (now the location of the Bertschi
School), and was listed in the census as a builder, with employees.33 He was married to Lottie May
Harding, and had three children. He died in 1952.34

Prepared by:
Larry E. Johnson, AIA
Ellen F.C. Mirro, AIA
Katherine V. Jaeger
The Johnson Partnership
1212 NE 65th Street
Seattle, WA 98115
www.tjp.us

30
Julie Muhlstein, Two-year colleges trending away from community name,
http://www.herald.net.com/article/20140321/NEWS01/140329804, HeraldNet (Everett Herald, Everett, WA), March 21,
2014 (accessed July 20, 2016).
31
Seattle Central College, http://seattlecentral.edu (accessed July 20, 2016).
32
Ancestry.com, 1910 United States Federal Census, Census Place: Seattle Ward 7, King, Washington; Roll: T624_1660;
Page: 10B, Enumeration District: 0123, FHL microfilm: 1375673.
33
Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census, Census Place: Seattle, King, Washington; Roll: T625_1927; Page: 1A;
Enumeration District: 170; Image: 863.
34
Ancestry.com. Washington, Select Death Certificates, 1907-1960.

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5. Bibliography
Abraham, Ezra. The Evolution of Seattles Early Automobile Showrooms on Capitol Hill.
Preservation of the Vernacular Environment III, edited by Gail Lee Dubrow, Neile Graham, and
Amy Scarfone. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, College of Architecture and Urban
Planning, Preservation Planning & Design Program Working Papers, Vol. III, Winter 1999.
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation; Appendix 1, Memorandum of Agreement; October
1978.
Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census, online database.
. Select Death Certificates, Washington State, 1907-1960.
. United States City Directories, 1822-1995, online database.
BOLA Architecture + Planning. Pacific McKay and Ford McKay Buildings, 601-615 Westlake Ave.
N. City of Seattle Landmark Nomination Report, March 2006.
Capitol Hill Seattle Blog. Atlas? Shrug: Vintage Clothing Retailer Quietly Leaves Capitol Hill.
August 2, 2011, www.capitolhillseattle.com (accessed September 8, 2016).
City of Seattle Department of Construction and Inspection. Construction permits # 102726 and
#120934.
Decoster, Dotty. Nagle, John H. (1830-1897). HistoryLink.org Essay 9268, January 23, 2010.
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9268 (accessed August
23, 2014).
Dorpat, Paul. Broadway High School, Seattles first dedicated high school opens in 1902.
HistoryLink.org essay 3204, April 4, 2015. http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?Display
Page=output.cfm&file_id=3204 (accessed July 20, 2016).
Grandy, Eric. Atlas Clothings Covert Concerts. The Stranger, June 28, 2007.
King County Tax Assessor Records.
Muhlstein, Julie. Two-year colleges trending away from 'community' name. Everett Herald, March
21, 2014. http://www.herald.net.com/article/20140321/NEWS01/140329804 (accessed July 20,
2016).
Pacific Coast Architecture Database. "Pacific McKay Building, South Lake Union, Seattle."
http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/12206/ (accessed September 13, 2016).
Puget Sound Regional Archives. Records of Sackman Home Addition.
Seattle Central College. http://seattlecentral.edu (accessed July 20, 2016).
Seattle Colleges. College History. https://www.seattlecolleges.edu/district/district/history.aspx
(accessed July 20, 2016).

Seattle Times. Owners of Mitchell Cars get Attention: Well-Equipped Service Department Adds to
Business Success, Says Manager Johnson of Local Branch. November 19, 1911, p. 43.
Sheridan, Mimi. Historic Property Survey Report: Seattles Neighborhood Commercial Districts.
City of Seattle Department of Neighborhoods, November 2002.
Thompson, Nile & Carolyn J. Marr, Building for Learning, Seattle Public Schools Histories, 18622000. Seattle, WA: School Histories Committee, Seattle School District, 2002.
United States Federal Census. 1910 Census, Census Place: Seattle Ward 7, King, Washington, Roll:
T624_1660, Page: 10B, Enumeration District: 0123, FHL microfilm: 1375673.

1515 Broadway
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United States Federal Census. 1920 Census, Census Place: Seattle, King, Washington, Roll:
T625_1927, Page: 1A; Enumeration District: 170, Image: 863.
Walsh, Mrs. G. W., Jr. Seattle, The Automobile Center. The Coast, December 1909, p. 306-310.

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A PPENDIX 1
F IGURES

Google Maps

Lake Union

Broadway

Interstate 5

Area of
enlargement
next page

Seattle
Central
College

Subject
Site

Elliott Bay

First Hill

Seattle
University

Central
Business
District

Figure 1 Location Map, Seattle

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Seattle City Clerk

Line of Pike/Pine
Conservation
Overlay District
East Pine Street

Subject Site

East Pike Street

FIRST HILL
Figure 2 Neighborhood map

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The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Project Site

Figure 3 View A - Viewing north along Broadway

The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Project Site

Figure 4 View B - Viewing south along Broadway

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The Johnson Partnership

Pine Street

Subject
Site

P.L. 60'

P.L. 60

P.L. 120'

Broadway

alley

parking

sidewalk

P.L. 120'

Pike Street
Figure 5 Site Plan

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The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 6 1515 Broadway, eastern faade

The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 7 1515 Broadway, detail at cornice

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The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 8 1515 Broadway, detail at storefront

The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 9 1515 Broadway, partial northern faade

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The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 10 1515 Broadway, western faade, alley viewing south

The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 11 1515 Broadway, western faade, alley viewing north

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The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 12 1515 Broadway, interior at southern restaurant space

The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 13 1515 Broadway, interior at southern restaurant space

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The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 14 1515 Broadway, interior at northern retail/warehouse

The Johnson Partnership, 7/15/16

Figure 15 1515 Broadway, interior at rear warehouse space

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Seattle Municipal Archives 7280

Figure 16 Lincoln Reservoir under construction, September 18, 1899

UW Special Collections, Seattle Photograph Collection, SEA0505

Figure 17 Pike Street from Broadway, 1911

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UW Libraries Digital Collections SEA 1444

Figure 18 Broadway High School, Broadway and E Pine Street, 1908

UW Special Collections SEA 0475

Figure 19 Auto row buildings in Capitol Hill, Seattle, 1921

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Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 20 Eldridge Motors, 1936

Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 21 Former Broadway State Bank, Broadway and Pike, 1936 (Louis & Michael Beeze, 1913)

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Joe Mabel

Figure 22 The Wintonia Hotel, 1431 Minor Avenue (Bebb & Mendel, 1909, City of Seattle Landmark)
Swedish Club via Paul Dorpat

Figure 23 First Covenant Church, 1500 Bellevue Avenue E (John Creutzer, 1910-1911, City of Seattle Landmark)

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National Register of Historic Places

Figure 24 Summit School/Northwest School, 1415 Summit Avenue (James Stephen, 1905, City of Seattle Landmark)
unknown, via Seattle Post-Intelligencer

Figure 25 Old Fire Station #25, 1400 Harvard Avenue (Somervell & Cote, 1909, City of Seattle Landmark)

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Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 26 Kelly-Springfield Motor Truck Company Building, 1525 11th Avenue (Julian Everett, 1917, City of Seattle
Landmark)
Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 27 White Motor Company Building, 1021 E Pine Street (Julian Everett, 1917-18, City of Seattle Landmark)

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Joe Mabel

Figure 28 First African Methodist Episcopal Church, 1522 14th Avenue (1912, City of Seattle Landmark)
1907 postcard via Rob Ketcherside, wikimedia commons

Figure 29 Lincoln Reservoir, 1000 E Pine Street (R. H. Thompson, 1900, City of Seattle Landmark)

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Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 30 Stewart Warner service station, 1515 Broadway, 1937

Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 31 Capitol Hill Automotive, 1515 Broadway, 1963

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UW Digital Collections SEA3115

Figure 32 Pacific McKay Building (Harlan Thomas and Clyde Granger, 1925, City of Seattle Landmark)
Google streetview

Figure 33 Former Firestone Tire service building, Eleventh Avenue

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Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 34 Retail building housing auto-related shops and services, 812 E Pike Street, 1936
Puget Sound Regional Archives

Figure 35 Garage building for George L. Seibert, Westlake (Earl Roberts, 1924)

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Google Streetview

Figure 36 Former Donahoe Garage (Charles Haynes, 1916)

University of Washington Special Collections

Figure 37 The S. L. Savidge Dealership (now the Washington Talking Book & Braille Library, Naramore, Bain, Brady &
Johanson, 1948)

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Paul Dorpat

Figure 38 Former Broadway High School (Boone & Corner, 1902)

Seattle Public Schools

Figure 39 Broadway High School Annex, Edison Technical School (1921, 1930)

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SSF Engineers

Figure 40 Broadway Edison Building, Seattle Central Central College, 2010 (NBBJ, 1979)

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A PPENDIX 2
A RCHITECTURAL D RAW INGS