A.M. No. 05-8-26-SC
They shall be in such number
RE: AMENDMENT OF RULES 112 AND 114 OF THE REVISED RULES ON CRIMINAL
PROCEDURE BY REMOVING THE CONDUCT OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
FROM JUDGES OF THE FIRST LEVEL COURTS
RESOLUTION
Acting on the Resolution dated August 26, 2005 of the Committee on the Revision
of Rules of Court, the Court Resolved to AMEND Rules 112 and 114 of the Revised
Rules on Criminal Procedure as follows:
RULE 112
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
SECTION 1. Preliminary investigation defined; when required.-Preliminary
investigation is an inquiry or proceeding to determine whether there is sufficient
ground to engender a well founded belief that a crime has been committed and
the respondent is probably guilty thereof, and should be held for trial.
Except as provided in Section 6 of this Rule, a preliminary investigation is required
to be conducted before the filing of a complaint or information for an offense
where the penalty prescribed by law is at least four (4) years, two (2) months and
one (1) day without regard to the fine. (1 a)
SEC. 2. Officers authorized to conduct preliminary investigations.-The following
may conduct preliminary investigations:
(a) Provincial or City Prosecutors and their assistants;
(b) National and Regional State Prosecutors; and
(c) Other officers as may be authorized by law.
Their authority to conduct preliminary investigations shall include all crimes
cognizable by the proper court in their respective territorial jurisdictions. (2a)
SEC. 3. Procedure.- The preliminary investigation shall be conducted in the
following manner:
(a) The complaint shall state the address of the respondent and shall be
accompanied by affidavits of the complainant and his witnesses, as well as other
supporting documents to establish probable cause.
of copies as there are respondents, plus two (2) copies for the official file. The
affidavits shall be subscribed and sworn to before any prosecutor or government
official authorized to administer oath, or, in their absence or unavailability, before
a notary public, each of whom must certify that he personally examined the
affiants and that he is satisfied that they voluntarily executed and understood
their affidavits.
(b) Within ten (10) days after the filing of the complaint, the investigating officer
shall either dismiss it if he finds no ground to continue with the investigation, or
issue a subpoena to the respondent attaching to it a copy of the complaint and its
supporting affidavits and document.
The respondent shall have the right to examine the evidence submitted by the
complainant which he may not have been furnished and to copy them at his
expense. If the evidence is voluminous, the complainant may be required to
specify those which he intends to present against the respondent, and these shall
be made available for examination or copying by the respondent at his expense.
Objects as evidence need not be furnished a party but shall be made available for
examination, copying or photographing at the expense of the requesting party.
(c) Within ten (10) days from receipt of the subpoena with the complaint and
supporting affidavits and documents, the respondent shall submit his counter-
affidavit and that of his witnesses and other supporting documents relied upon
for his defense. The counteraffidavits shall be subscribed and sworn to and
certified as provided in paragraph (a) of this section, with copies thereof
furnished by him to the complainant.
The respondent shall not be allowed to file a motion to dismiss in lieu of a
counter-affidavit.
(d) If the respondent cannot be subpoenaed, or if subpoenaed, does not submit
counteraffidavits within the ten (10) day period, the investigating officer shall
resolve the complaint based on the evidence presented by the complainant.
(e) The investigating officer may set a hearing if there are such facts and issues to
be clarified from a party or a witness. The parties can be present at the hearing
but without the right to examine or cross-examine. They may, however, submit to
the investigating officer questions which may be asked to the party or witness
concerned. The hearing shall be held within ten (10) days from submission of the
counter-affidavits and other documents or from the expiration of the period for
their submission. It shall be terminated within five (5) days.
(f) Within ten (10) days after the investigation, the investigating officer shall
determine whether or not there is sufficient ground to hold the respondent for
trial. (3a)
SEC. 4. Resolution of investigating prosecutor and its review.-If the investigating
prosecutor finds cause to hold the respondent for trial, he shall prepare the
resolution and information, He shall certify under oath in the information that he,
or as shown by the record, an authorized officer, has personally, examined the
complainant and his witnesses; that there is reasonable ground to believe that a
crime has been committed and that the accused is probably guilty thereof; that
the accused was informed of the complaint and of the evidence submitted
against him; and that he was given an opportunity to submit controverting
evidence. Otherwise, he shall recommend the dismissal of the complaint.
Within five (5) days from his resolution, he shall forward the record of the case to
the provincial or city prosecutor or chief state prosecutor, or to the Ombudsman
or his deputy in cases of offenses cognizable by the Sandiganbayan in the exercise
of its original jurisdiction. They shall act on the resolution within ten (10) days
from their receipt thereof and shall immediately inform the parties of such
action.
No complaint or information may be filed or dismissed by an investigating
prosecutor without the prior written authority or approval of the provincial or city
prosecutor or the Ombudsman or his deputy.
Where the investigating prosecutor recommends the dismissal of the complaint
but his recommendation is disapproved by the provincial or city prosecutor or
chief state prosecutor or the Ombudsman or his deputy on the ground that a
probable cause exists, the latter may, by himself, file the information against the
respondent, or direct another assistant prosecutor or state prosecutor to do so
without conducting another preliminary investigation.
If upon petition by a proper party under such rules as the Department of Justice
may prescribe or motu proprio, the Secretary of Justice reverses or modifies the
resolution of the provincial or city prosecutor or chief state prosecutor, he shall
direct the prosecutor concerned either to file the corresponding information
without conducting another preliminary investigation, or to dismiss or move for
dismissal of the complaint or information with notice to the parties. The same
rule shall apply in preliminary investigations conducted by the officers of the
Office of the Ombudsman. (4a)
SEC. 5. When warrant of arrest may issue.-
(a) By the Regional Trial Court.-Within ten (10) days from the filing of the
complaint or information, the judge shall personally evaluate the resolution of the
prosecutor and its supporting evidence. He may immediately dismiss the case if
the evidence on record clearly fails to establish probable cause. If he finds
probable cause, he shall issue a warrant of arrest, or a commitment order when
the complaint or information was filed pursuant to section 6 of this Rule. In case
of doubt on the existence of probable cause, the judge may order the prosecutor
to present additional evidence within five (5) days from notice and the issue must
be resolved by the court within thirty (30) days from the filing of the complaint or
information.
(b) By the Municipal TriaI Court.-When required pursuant to the second
paragraph of section 1 of this Rule, the preliminary investigation of cases falling
under the original jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Trial Court or Municipal Trial
Court in Cities, Municipal Trial Court or Municipal Circuit Trial Court SHALL be
conducted by the prosecutor. The procedure for the issuance of a warrant of
arrest by the judge shall be governed by paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) When warrant of arrest not necessary.-A warrant of arrest shall not issue if the
accused is already under detention pursuant to a warrant issued, by the
municipal trial court in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, or if the
complaint or information was filedpursuant to section 6 of this Rule or is for an
offense penalized by fine only. The court shall then proceed in the exercise of its
original jurisdiction. (6a)
SEC. 6. When accused lawfully arrested without warrant.-When a person is
lawfully arrested without a warrant involving an offense which requires a
preliminary investigation, the complaint or information may be filed by a
prosecutor without need of such investigation provided an inquest has been
conducted in accordance with existing rules. In the absence or unavailability of an
inquest prosecutor, the complaint may be filed by the offended party or by a
peace officer directly with the proper court on the basis of the affidavit of the
offended party or arresting officer or person.
Before the complaint or information is filed, the person arrested may ask for a
preliminary investigation in accordance with this Rule, but he must sign a waiver
of the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, in the
presence of his counsel. Notwithstanding the waiver, he may apply for bail and
the investigation must be terminated within fifteen (15) days from its inception.
After the filing of the complaint or information in court without a preliminary
investigation, the accused may within five (5) days from the time he learns of its
filing, ask for a preliminary investigation with the same right to adduce evidence
in his defense as provided in this Rule. (7a; sec. 2, RA. No. 7438)
SEC. 7. Records.- (a) Records supporting the information or complaint.- An
information or complaint filed in court shall be supported by the affidavits and
counter-affidavits of the parties and their witnesses, together with the other
supporting evidence and the resolution on the case.
(b) Record of preliminary investigation. -The record of the preliminary
investigation conducted by a prosecutor OR OTHER OFFICERS AS MAY BE
AUTHORIZED BY LAW shall not form part of the record of the case. However, the
court, on its own initiative or on motion of any party, may order the production of
the record or any of its part when necessary in the resolution of the case or any
incident therein, or when it is to be introduced as an evidence in the case by the
requesting party. (8a)
SEC.8. Cases not requiring a preliminary investigation nor covered by the Rule on
Summary Procedure.-
(a) If filed with the prosecutor.-If the complaint is filed directly with the
prosecutor involving an offense punishable by an imprisonment of less than four
(4) years, two (2) months and one (1) day, the procedure outlined in section 3(a)
of this Rule shall be observed. The prosecutor shall act on the complaint based on
the affidavits and other supporting documents submitted by the complainant
within ten (10) days from its filing.
(b) If fiIed with the Municipal, Trial Court.-If the complaint or information is filed
with the Municipal Trial Court or Municipal Circuit Trial Court for an offense
covered by this section, the procedure in section 3(a) of this rule shall be
observed. If within ten (10) days after the filing of the complaint of information,
the judge finds no probable cause after personally evaluating the evidence, or
after personally examining in writing and under oath the complainant and his
witnesses in the form of searching questions and answers, he shall dismiss the
same. He may, however, require the submission of additional evidence; within ten
(10) days from notice, to determine further the existence of probable cause. If the
judge still finds no probable cause despite the additional evidence, he shall,
within ten (10) days from its submission or expiration of said period, dismiss the
case. When he finds probable cause, he shall issue a warrant of arrest, or a
commitment order if the accused had already been arrested, and hold him for
trial. However, if the judge is satisfied that there is no necessity for placing the
accused under custody, he may issue summons instead of a warrant of arrest. (9a)
RULE 114
BAIL
SEC. 17. Bail, where filed.-(a) Bail in the amount fixed may be filed with the court
where the case is pending, or, in the absence or unavailability of the judge
thereof, with any regional trial judge, metropolitan trial judge, municipal trial
judge, or municipal circuit trial judge in the province, city, or municipality. If the
accused is arrested in a province, city, or municipality other than where the case
is pending, bail may be filed with any regional trial court of said place or, if no
judge thereof is available, with any metropolitan trial judge or municipal trial
judge or municipal circuit trial judge, therein.
(b) Where the grant of bail is a matter of discretion, or the accused seeks to be
released on recognizance, the application may be filed only in the court where
the case is pending on trial or appeal.
(c) Any person in custody who is not yet charged in court may apply for bail, with
any court in the province, city or municipality where he is held. (17a)
All First Level Courts shall continue with the preliminary investigation of cases
pending with them and terminate them not later than December 31, 2005.
Upon the date of effectivity of these amendments, First Level Courts shall no
longer accept new cases for preliminary investigation, which fall under the
exclusive jurisdiction of courts of other levels.
These amendments shall take effect on October 3, 2005 following their
publication in newspaper of general circulation not later than September 15,
2005.
August 30, 2005. (Sgd.) DAVIDE, JR., CJ, PUNO, PANGANIBAN, QUISUMBING,
YNARES-SANTIAGO, SANDOVALGUTIERREZ, CARPIO, AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,
CORONA, CARPIO-MORALES, CALLEJO, SR., AZCUNA, TINGA, CHICO-NAZARIO,
GARCIA, JJ.
 Republic of the Philippines
Congress of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Eighth Congress
Republic Act No. 6770 November 17, 1989
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in
Congress assembled::
Section 1. Title. This Act shall be known as "The Ombudsman Act of 1989".
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity
in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and
corruption.
Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be
accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity,
loyalty, efficiency, act with patriotism and justice and lead modest lives.
Section 3. Office of the Ombudsman. The Office of the Ombudsman shall
include the Office of the Overall Deputy, the Office of the Deputy for Luzon, the
Office of the Deputy for the Visayas, the Office of the Deputy for Mindanao, the
Office of the Deputy for the Armed Forces, and the Office of the Special
Prosecutor. The President may appoint other Deputies as the necessity for it may
arise, as recommended by the Ombudsman.
Section 4. Appointment. The Ombudsman and his Deputies, including the
Special Prosecutor, shall be appointed by the President from a list of at least
twenty-one (21) nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council, and from a
list of three (3) nominees for each vacancy thereafter, which shall be filled within
three (3) months after it occurs, each of which list shall be published in a
newspaper of general circulation.
In the organization of the Office of the Ombudsman for filling up of positions
therein, regional, cultural or ethnic considerations shall be taken into account to
the end that the Office shall be as much as possible representative of the
regional, ethnic and cultural make-up of the Filipino nation.
Section 5. Qualifications. The Ombudsman and his Deputies, including the
Special Prosecutor, shall be natural-born citizens of the Philippines, at least forty
(40) years old, of recognized probity and independence, members of the
Philippine Bar, and must not have been candidates for any elective national or
local office in the immediately preceding election whether regular or special. The
Ombudsman must have, for ten (10) years or more, been a judge or engaged in
the practice of law in the Philippines.
Section 6. Rank and Salary. The Ombudsman and his Deputies shall have the
same ranks, salaries and privileges as the Chairman and members, respectively, of
a Constitutional Commission. Their salaries shall not be decreased during their
term of office.
The members of the prosecution, investigation and legal staff of the Office of the
Ombudsman shall receive salaries which shall not be less than those given to
comparable positions in any office in the Government.
Section 7. Term of Office. The Ombudsman and his Deputies, including the
Special Prosecutor, shall serve for a term of seven (7) years without
reappointment.
Section 8. Removal; Filling of Vacancy.
(1) In accordance with the provisions of Article XI of the Constitution, the
Ombudsman may be removed from office on impeachment for, and
conviction of, culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery,
graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust.
(2) A Deputy or the Special Prosecutor, may be removed from office by
the President for any of the grounds provided for the removal of the
Ombudsman, and after due process.
(3) In case of vacancy in the Office of the Ombudsman due to death,
resignation, removal or permanent disability of the incumbent
Ombudsman, the Overall Deputy shall serve as Acting Ombudsman in a
concurrent capacity until a new Ombudsman shall have been appointed
for a full term.n case the Overall Deputy cannot assume the role of
Acting Ombudsman, the President may designate any of the Deputies, or
the Special Prosecutor, as Acting Ombudsman.
(4) In case of temporary absence or disability of the Ombudsman, the
Overall Deputy shall perform the duties of the Ombudsman until the
Ombudsman returns or is able to perform his duties.
Section 9. Prohibitions and Disqualifications. The Ombudsman, his Deputies
and the Special Prosecutor shall not, during their tenure, hold any other office or
employment. They shall not, during said tenure, directly or indirectly practice any
other profession, participate in any business, or be financially interested in any
contract with, or in any franchise, or special privilege granted by the Government
or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-
owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. They shall strictly avoid
conflict of interest in the conduct of their office. They shall not be qualified to run
for any office in the election immediately following their cessation from office.
They shall not be allowed to appear or practice before the Ombudsman for two
(2) years following their cessation from office.
No spouse or relative by consanguinity or affinity within the fourth civil degree
and no law, business or professional partner or associate of the Ombudsman, his
Deputies or Special Prosecutor within one (1) year preceding the appointment
may appear as counsel or agent on any matter pending before the Office of the
Ombudsman or transact business directly or indirectly therewith.
This disqualification shall apply during the tenure of the official concerned. This
disqualification likewise extends to the law, business or professional firm for the
same period.
Section 10. Disclosure of Relationship. It shall be the duty of the Ombudsman,
his Deputies, including the Special Prosecutor to make under oath, to the best of
their knowledge and/or information, a public disclosure of the identities of, and
their relationship with the persons referred to in the preceding section.
The disclosure shall be filed with the Office of the President and the Office of the
Ombudsman before the appointee assumes office and every year thereafter. The
disclosures made pursuant to this section shall form part of the public records
and shall be available to any person or entity upon request.
Section 11. Structural Organization. The authority and responsibility for the
exercise of the mandate of the Office of the Ombudsman and for the discharge of
its powers and functions shall be vested in the Ombudsman, who shall have
supervision and control of the said office.
(1) The Office of the Ombudsman may organize such directorates for
administration and allied services as may be necessary for the effective
discharge of its functions. Those appointed as directors or heads shall
have the rank and salary of line bureau directors.
(2) The Office of the Overall Deputy shall oversee and administer the
operations of the different offices under the Office of Ombudsman.t shall
likewise perform such other functions and duties assigned to it by the
Ombudsman.
(3) The Office of the Special Prosecutor shall be composed of the Special
Prosecutor and his prosecution staff. The Office of the Special Prosecutor
shall be an organic component of the Office of the Ombudsman and shall
be under the supervision and control of the Ombudsman.
(4) The Office of the Special Prosecutor shall, under the supervision and
control and upon the authority of the Ombudsman, have the following
powers:
(a) To conduct preliminary investigation and prosecute criminal
cases within the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan;
(b) To enter into plea bargaining agreements; and
(c) To perform such other duties assigned to it by the
Ombudsman.
The Special Prosecutor shall have the rank and salary of a
Deputy Ombudsman.
(5) The position structure and staffing pattern of the Office of the
Ombudsman, including the Office of the Special Prosecutor, shall be
approved and prescribed by the Ombudsman. The Ombudsman shall
appoint all officers and employees of the Office of the Ombudsman,
including those of the Office of the Special Prosecutor, in accordance
with the Civil Service Law, rules and regulations.
Section 12. Official Stations. The Ombudsman, the Overall Deputy, the Deputy
for Luzon, and the Deputy for the Armed Forces shall hold office in Metropolitan
Manila; the Deputy for the Visayas, in Cebu City; and the Deputy for Mindanao, in
Davao City. The Ombudsman may transfer their stations within their respective
geographical regions, as public interest may require.
Section 13. Mandate. The Ombudsman and his Deputies, as protectors of the
people, shall act promptly on complaints filed in any form or manner against
officers or employees of the Government, or of any subdivision, agency or
instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations,
and enforce their administrative, civil and criminal liability in every case where
the evidence warrants in order to promote efficient service by the Government to
the people.
Section 14. Restrictions. No writ of injunction shall be issued by any court to
delay an investigation being conducted by the Ombudsman under this Act, unless
there is a prima facie evidence that the subject matter of the investigation is
outside the jurisdiction of the Office of the Ombudsman.
No court shall hear any appeal or application for remedy against the decision or
findings of the Ombudsman, except the Supreme Court, on pure question of law.
Section 15. Powers, Functions and Duties. The Office of the Ombudsman shall
have the following powers, functions and duties:
(1) Investigate and prosecute on its own or on complaint by any person,
any act or omission of any public officer or employee, office or agency,
when such act or omission appears to be illegal, unjust, improper or
inefficient.t has primary jurisdiction over cases cognizable by the
Sandiganbayan and, in the exercise of this primary jurisdiction, it may
take over, at any stage, from any investigatory agency of Government,
the investigation of such cases;
(2) Direct, upon complaint or at its own instance, any officer or employee
of the Government, or of any subdivision, agency or instrumentality
thereof, as well as any government-owned or controlled corporations
with original charter, to perform and expedite any act or duty required
by law, or to stop, prevent, and correct any abuse or impropriety in the
performance of duties;
(3) Direct the officer concerned to take appropriate action against a
public officer or employee at fault or who neglect to perform an act or
discharge a duty required by law, and recommend his removal,
suspension, demotion, fine, censure, or prosecution, and ensure
compliance therewith; or enforce its disciplinary authority as provided in
Section 21 of this Act: provided, that the refusal by any officer without
just cause to comply with an order of the Ombudsman to remove,
suspend, demote, fine, censure, or prosecute an officer or employee
who is at fault or who neglects to perform an act or discharge a duty
required by law shall be a ground for disciplinary action against said
officer;
(4) Direct the officer concerned, in any appropriate case, and subject to
such limitations as it may provide in its rules of procedure, to furnish it
with copies of documents relating to contracts or transactions entered
into by his office involving the disbursement or use of public funds or
properties, and report any irregularity to the Commission on Audit for
appropriate action;
(5) Request any government agency for assistance and information
necessary in the discharge of its responsibilities, and to examine, if
necessary, pertinent records and documents;
(6) Publicize matters covered by its investigation of the matters
mentioned in paragraphs (1), (2), (3) and (4) hereof, when circumstances
so warrant and with due prudence: provided, that the Ombudsman
under its rules and regulations may determine what cases may not be
made public: provided, further, that any publicity issued by the
Ombudsman shall be balanced, fair and true;
(7) Determine the causes of inefficiency, red tape, mismanagement,
fraud, and corruption in the Government, and make recommendations
for their elimination and the observance of high standards of ethics and
efficiency;
(8) Administer oaths, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum, and
take testimony in any investigation or inquiry, including the power to
examine and have access to bank accounts and records;
(9) Punish for contempt in accordance with the Rules of Court and under
the same procedure and with the same penalties provided therein;
(10) Delegate to the Deputies, or its investigators or representatives such
authority or duty as shall ensure the effective exercise or performance of
the powers, functions, and duties herein or hereinafter provided;
(11) Investigate and initiate the proper action for the recovery of ill-
gotten and/or unexplained wealth amassed after February 25, 1986 and
the prosecution of the parties involved therein.
The Ombudsman shall give priority to complaints filed against high ranking
government officials and/or those occupying supervisory positions, complaints
involving grave offenses as well as complaints involving large sums of money
and/or properties.
Section 16. Applicability. The provisions of this Act shall apply to all kinds of
malfeasance, misfeasance, and non-feasance that have been committed by any
officer or employee as mentioned in Section 13 hereof, during his tenure of office.
Section 17. Immunities. In all hearings, inquiries, and proceedings of the
Ombudsman, including preliminary investigations of offenses, nor person
subpoenaed to testify as a witness shall be excused from attending and testifying
or from producing books, papers, correspondence, memoranda and/or other
records on the ground that the testimony or evidence, documentary or
otherwise, required of him, may tend to incriminate him or subject him to
prosecution: provided, that no person shall be prosecuted criminally for or on
account of any matter concerning which he is compelled, after having claimed the
privilege against self-incrimination, to testify and produce evidence, documentary
or otherwise.
Under such terms and conditions as it may determine, taking into account the
pertinent provisions of the Rules of Court, the Ombudsman may grant immunity
from criminal prosecution to any person whose testimony or whose possession
and production of documents or other evidence may be necessary to determine
the truth in any hearing, inquiry or proceeding being conducted by the
Ombudsman or under its authority, in the performance or in the furtherance of
its constitutional functions and statutory objectives. The immunity granted under
this and the immediately preceding paragraph shall not exempt the witness from
criminal prosecution for perjury or false testimony nor shall he be exempt from
demotion or removal from office.
Any refusal to appear or testify pursuant to the foregoing provisions shall be
subject to punishment for contempt and removal of the immunity from criminal
prosecution.
Section 18. Rules of Procedure.
(1) The Office of the Ombudsman shall promulgate its rules of procedure
for the effective exercise or performance of its powers, functions, and
duties.
(2) The rules of procedure shall include a provision whereby the Rules of
Court are made suppletory.
(3) The rules shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following the
completion of their publication in the Official Gazette or in three (3)
newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines, one of which is
printed in the national language.
Section 19. Administrative Complaints. The Ombudsman shall act on all
complaints relating, but not limited to acts or omissions which:
(1) Are contrary to law or regulation;
(2) Are unreasonable, unfair, oppressive or discriminatory;
(3) Are inconsistent with the general course of an agency's functions,
though in accordance with law;
(4) Proceed from a mistake of law or an arbitrary ascertainment of facts;
(5) Are in the exercise of discretionary powers but for an improper
purpose; or
(6) Are otherwise irregular, immoral or devoid of justification.
Section 20. Exceptions. The Office of the Ombudsman may not conduct the
necessary investigation of any administrative act or omission complained of if it
believes that:
(1) The complainant has an adequate remedy in another judicial or
quasi-judicial body;
(2) The complaint pertains to a matter outside the jurisdiction of the
Office of the Ombudsman;
(3) The complaint is trivial, frivolous, vexatious or made in bad faith;
(4) The complainant has no sufficient personal interest in the subject
matter of the grievance; or
(5) The complaint was filed after one (1) year from the occurrence of the
act or omission complained of.
Section 21. Official Subject to Disciplinary Authority; Exceptions. The Office of
the Ombudsman shall have disciplinary authority over all elective and appointive
officials of the Government and its subdivisions, instrumentalities and agencies,
including Members of the Cabinet, local government, government-owned or
controlled corporations and their subsidiaries, except over officials who may be
removed only by impeachment or over Members of Congress, and the Judiciary.
Section 22. Investigatory Power. The Office of the Ombudsman shall have the
power to investigate any serious misconduct in office allegedly committed by
officials removable by impeachment, for the purpose of filing a verified complaint
for impeachment, if warranted.
In all cases of conspiracy between an officer or employee of the government and
a private person, the Ombudsman and his Deputies shall have jurisdiction to
include such private person in the investigation and proceed against such private
person as the evidence may warrant. The officer or employee and the private
person shall be tried jointly and shall be subject to the same penalties and
liabilities.
Section 23. Formal Investigation.
(1) Administrative investigations conducted by the Office of the
Ombudsman shall be in accordance with its rules of procedure and
consistent with due process.
 (2) At its option, the Office of the Ombudsman may refer certain Section 26. Inquiries.
complaints to the proper disciplinary authority for the institution of
(1) The Office of the Ombudsman shall inquire into acts or omissions of a
appropriate administrative proceedings against erring public officers or
public officer, employee, office or agency which, from the reports or
employees, which shall be determined within the period prescribed in
complaints it has received, the Ombudsman or his Deputies consider to
the civil service law. Any delay without just cause in acting on any referral
be:
made by the Office of the Ombudsman shall be a ground for
administrative action against the officers or employees to whom such (a) contrary to law or regulation;
referrals are addressed and shall constitute a graft offense punishable by
(b) unreasonable, unfair, oppressive, irregular or inconsistent
a fine of not exceeding Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00).
with the general course of the operations and functions of a
(3) In any investigation under this Act the Ombudsman may: (a) enter public officer, employee, office or agency;
and inspect the premises of any office, agency, commission or tribunal;
(c) an error in the application or interpretation of law, rules or
(b) examine and have access to any book, record, file, document or
regulations, or a gross or palpable error in the appreciation of
paper; and (c) hold private hearings with both the complaining individual
facts;
and the official concerned.
(d) based on improper motives or corrupt considerations;
Section 24. Preventives Suspension. The Ombudsman or his Deputy may
preventively suspend any officer or employee under his authority pending an (e) unclear or inadequately explained when reasons should have
investigation, if in his judgment the evidence of guilt is strong, and (a) the charge been revealed; or
against such officer or employee involves dishonesty, oppression or grave
(f) inefficient performed or otherwise objectionable.
misconduct or neglect in the performance of duty; (b) the charges would warrant
removal from the service; or (c) the respondent's continued stay in office may (2) The Officer of the Ombudsman shall receive complaints from any
prejudice the case filed against him. source in whatever form concerning an official act or omission.t shall act
on the complaint immediately and if it finds the same entirely baseless, it
The preventive suspension shall continue until the case is terminated by the
shall dismiss the same and inform the complainant of such dismissal
Office of the Ombudsman but not more than six (6) months, without pay, except
citing the reasons therefor.f it finds a reasonable ground to investigate
when the delay in the disposition of the case by the Office of the Ombudsman is
further, it shall first furnish the respondent public officer or employee
due to the fault, negligence or petition of the respondent, in which case the
with a summary of the complaint and require him to submit a written
period of such delay shall not be counted in computing the period of suspension
answer within seventy-two (72) hours from receipt thereof.f the answer
herein provided.
is found satisfactory, it shall dismiss the case.
Section 25. Penalties.
(3) When the complaint consists in delay or refusal to perform a duty
(1) In administrative proceedings under Presidential Decree No. 807, the required by law, or when urgent action is necessary to protect or
penalties and rules provided therein shall be applied. preserve the rights of the complainant, the Office of the Ombudsman
shall take steps or measures and issue such orders directing the officer,
(2) In other administrative proceedings, the penalty ranging from
employee, office or agency concerned to:
suspension without pay for one (1) year to dismissal with forfeiture of
benefits or a fine ranging from Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) to twice (a) expedite the performance of duty;
the amount malversed, illegally taken or lost, or both at the discretion of
(b) cease or desist from the performance of a prejudicial act;
the Ombudsman, taking into consideration circumstances that mitigate
or aggravate the liability of the officer or employee found guilty of the (c) correct the omission;
complaint or charges.
(d) explain fully the administrative act in question; or
 (e) take any other steps as may be necessary under the Ombudsman. Pending investigation the deputy or investigator may issue orders
circumstances to protect and preserve the rights of the and provisional remedies which are immediately executory subject to review by
complainant. the Ombudsman. Within three (3) days after concluding the investigation, the
deputy or investigator shall transmit, together with the entire records of the case,
(4) Any delay or refusal to comply with the referral or directive of the
his report and conclusions to the Office of the Ombudsman. Within five (5) days
Ombudsman or any of his Deputies, shall constitute a ground for
after receipt of said report, the Ombudsman shall render the appropriate order,
administrative disciplinary action against the officer or employee to
directive or decision.
whom it was addressed.
Section 29. Change of Unjust Laws. If the Ombudsman believes that a law or
Section 27. Effectivity and Finality of Decisions. (1) All provisionary orders of
regulation is unfair or unjust, he shall recommend to the President and to
the Office of the Ombudsman are immediately effective and executory.
Congress the necessary changes therein or the repeal thereof.
A motion for reconsideration of any order, directive or decision of the Office of
Section 30. Transmittal/Publication of Decision. In every case where the
the Ombudsman must be filed within five (5) days after receipt of written notice
Ombudsman has reached a decision, conclusion or recommendation adverse to a
and shall be entertained only on any of the following grounds:
public official or agency, he shall transmit his decision, conclusion,
(1) New evidence has been discovered which materially affects the order, recommendation or suggestion to the head of the department, agency or
directive or decision; instrumentality, or of the province, city or municipality concerned for such
immediate action as may be necessary. When transmitting his adverse decision,
(2) Errors of law or irregularities have been committed prejudicial to the
conclusion or recommendation, he shall, unless excused by the agency or official
interest of the movant. The motion for reconsideration shall be resolved
affected, include the substance of any statement the public agency or official may
within three (3) days from filing: provided, that only one motion for
have made to him by way of explaining past difficulties with or present rejection
reconsideration shall be entertained.
of the Ombudsman's proposals.
Findings of fact by the Officer of the Ombudsman when supported by substantial
Section 31. Designation of Investigators and Prosecutors. The Ombudsman
evidence are conclusive. Any order, directive or decision imposing the penalty of
may utilize the personnel of his office and/or designate or deputize any fiscal,
public censure or reprimand, suspension of not more than one (1) month's salary
state prosecutor or lawyer in the government service to act as special investigator
shall be final and unappealable.
or prosecutor to assist in the investigation and prosecution of certain cases. Those
In all administrative disciplinary cases, orders, directives, or decisions of the Office designated or deputized to assist him herein provided shall be under his
of the Ombudsman may be appealed to the Supreme Court by filing a petition for supervision and control.
certiorari within ten (10) days from receipt of the written notice of the order,
The Ombudsman and his investigators and prosecutors, whether regular
directive or decision or denial of the motion for reconsideration in accordance
members of his staff or designated by him as herein provided, shall have
with Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
authority to administer oaths, to issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum, to
The above rules may be amended or modified by the Office of the Ombudsman summon and compel witnesses to appear and testify under oath before them
as the interest of justice may require. and/or bring books, documents and other things under their control, and to
secure the attendance or presence of any absent or recalcitrant witness through
Section 28. Investigation in Municipalities, Cities and Provinces. The Office of
application before the Sandiganbayan or before any inferior or superior court
the Ombudsman may establish offices in municipalities, cities and provinces
having jurisdiction of the place where the witness or evidence is found.
outside Metropolitan Manila, under the immediate supervision of the Deputies
for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, where necessary as determined by the Section 32. Rights and Duties of Witness.
Ombudsman. The investigation of complaints may be assigned to the regional or
(1) A person required by the Ombudsman to provide the information
sectoral deputy concerned or to a special investigator who shall proceed in
shall be paid the same fees and travel allowances as are extended to
accordance with the rules or special instructions or directives of the Office of the
 witnesses whose attendance has been required in the trial courts. Upon
request of the witness, the Ombudsman shall also furnish him such
security for his person and his family as may be warranted by the
circumstances. For this purpose, the Ombudsman may, at its expense,
call upon any police or constabulary unit to provide the said security.
(2) A person who, with or without service or compulsory process,
provides oral or documentary information requested by the Ombudsman
shall be accorded the same privileges and immunities as are extended to
witnesses in the courts, and shall likewise be entitled to the assistance of
counsel while being questioned.
(3) If a person refuses to respond to the Ombudsman's or his Deputy's
subpoena, or refuses to be examined, or engages in obstructive conduct,
the Ombudsman or his Deputy shall issue an order directing the person
to appear before him to show cause why he should not be punished for
contempt. The contempt proceedings shall be conducted pursuant to the
provisions of the Rules of Court.
Section 33. Duty to Render Assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman. Any
officer or employee of any department, bureau or office, subdivision, agency or
instrumentality of the Government, including government-owned or controlled
corporations and local governments, when required by the Ombudsman, his
Deputy or the Special Prosecutor shall render assistance to the Office of the
Ombudsman.
Section 34. Annual Report. The Office of the Ombudsman shall render an
annual report of its activities and performance to the President and to Congress
to be submitted within thirty (30) days from the start of the regular session of
Congress.
Section 35. Malicious Prosecution. Any person who, actuated by malice or
gross bad faith, files a completely unwarranted or false complaint against any
government official or employee shall be subject to a penalty of one (1) month
and one (1) day to six (6) months imprisonment and a fine not exceeding Five
thousand pesos (P5,000.00).
Section 36. Penalties for Obstruction. Any person who willfully obstructs or
hinders the proper exercise of the functions of the Office of the Ombudsman or
who willfully misleads or attempts to mislead the Ombudsman, his Deputies and
the Special Prosecutor in replying to their inquiries shall be punished by a fine of
not exceeding Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00).
Section 37. Franking Privilege. All official mail matters and telegrams of the
Ombudsman addressed for delivery within the Philippines shall be received,
transmitted, and delivered free of charge: provided, that such mail matters when
addressed to private persons or nongovernment offices shall not exceed one
hundred and twenty (120) grams. All mail matters and telegrams sent through
government telegraph facilities containing complaints to the Office of the
Ombudsman shall be transmitted free of charge, provided that the telegram shall
contain not more than one hundred fifty (150) words.
Section 38. Fiscal Autonomy. The Office of the Ombudsman shall enjoy fiscal
autonomy. Appropriations for the Office of the Ombudsman may not be reduced
below the amount appropriated for the previous years and, after approval, shall
be automatically and regularly released.
Section 39. Appropriations. The appropriation for the Office of the Special
Prosecutor in the current General Appropriations Act is hereby transferred to the
Office of the Ombudsman. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary shall be
included in the annual General Appropriations Act.
Section 40. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Act is held
unconstitutional, other provisions not affected thereby shall remain valid and
binding.
Section 41. Repealing Clause. All laws, presidential decrees, letters of
instructions, executive orders, rules and regulations insofar as they are
inconsistent with this Act, are hereby repealed or amended as the case may be.
Section 42. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following
its publication in the Official Gazette or in three (3) newspapers of general
circulation in the Philippines.
Approved: November 17, 1989.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 07 April 10, 1990
RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN
Pursuant to the authority vested in the Office of the Ombudsman under Sections
18, 23 and 27 of Republic Act No. 6770, otherwise known as "The Ombudsman
Act of 1989," the following Rules of Procedure of the Office of the Ombudsman
are hereby prescribed and promulgated:
RULE I
SECTION 1. TITLE. These rules shall be known as the RULES OF PROCEDURE OF
THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN.
Sec. 2. COVERAGE. These rules shall apply to all criminal and administrative
complaints, grievances or requests for assistance and such other matters
cognizable by the Office of the Ombudsman.
Sec. 3. FORM OF COMPLAINTS, GRIEVANCE OR REQUESTS FOR
ASSISTANCE. Complaints may be in any form, either verbal or in writing. For a
speedier disposition of the complaint, however, it is preferable that it be in
writing and under oath. A complaint which does not disclose the identity of the
complainant will be acted upon only if it merits appropriate consideration, or
contains sufficient leads or particulars to enable the taking of further action.
Grievances or requests for assistance may likewise be verbal or in writing. In any
case, the requesting or complaining party must indicate his address and
telephone number, if any.
RULE II
PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL CASES
SECTION 1. GROUNDS. A criminal complaint may be brought for an offense in
violation of R.A. 3019, as amended, R.A. 1379, as amended, R.A. 6713, Title VII
Chapter II, Section 2 of the Revised Penal Code, and for such other offenses
committed by public officers and employees in relation to office.
Sec. 2. EVALUATION. Upon evaluating the complaint, the investigating officer
shall recommend whether it may be:
a) dismissed outright for want of palpable merit;
b) referred to respondent for comment;
c) indorsed to the proper government office or agency which
has jurisdiction over the case;
d) forwarded to the appropriate office or official for fact-finding
investigation;
e) referred for administrative adjudication; or
f) subjected to a preliminary investigation.
Sec. 3. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION; WHO MAY CONDUCT. Preliminary
investigation may be conducted by any of the following:
1) Ombudsman Investigators;
2) Special Prosecuting Officers;
3) Deputized Prosecutors;
4) Investigating Officials authorized by law to conduct
preliminary investigations; or
5) Lawyers in the government service, so designated by the
Ombudsman.
Sec. 4. PROCEDURE. Preliminary investigation of cases falling under the
jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan and Regional Trial Courts shall be conducted in
the manner prescribed in Section 3, Rule 112 of the Rules of Court, subject to the
following provisions:
a) If the complaint is not under oath or is based only on official
reports, the investigating officer shall require the complainant
or supporting witnesses to execute affidavits to substantiate the
complaints.
b) After such affidavits have been secured, the investigating
officer shall issue an order, attaching thereto a copy of the
affidavits and other supporting documents, directing the
respondent to submit, within ten (10) days from receipt thereof,
his counter-affidavits and controverting evidence with proof of
service thereof on the complainant. The complainant may file
reply affidavits within ten (10) days after service of the counter-
affidavits.
c) If the respondent does not file a counter-affidavit, the
investigating officer may consider the comment filed by him, if
any, as his answer to the complaint. In any event, the
respondent shall have access to the evidence on record.
d) No motion to dismiss shall be allowed except for lack of
jurisdiction. Neither may be motion for a bill of particulars be
entertained. If respondent desires any matter in the
complainants affidavit to be clarified, the particularization
thereof may be done at the time of clarificatory questioning in
the manner provided in paragraph (f) of this section.
 e) If the respondent cannot be served with the order mentioned
in paragraph 6 hereof, or having been served, does not comply
therewith, the complaint shall be deemed submitted for
resolution on the basis of the evidence on record.
f) If, after the filing of the requisite affidavits and their
supporting evidences, there are facts material to the case which
the investigating officer may need to be clarified on, he may
conduct a clarificatory hearing during which the parties shall be
afforded the opportunity to be present but without the right to
examine or cross-examine the witness being questioned. Where
the appearance of the parties or witnesses is impracticable, the
clarificatory questioning may be conducted in writing, whereby
the questions desired to be asked by the investigating officer or
a party shall be reduced into writing and served on the witness
concerned who shall be required to answer the same in writing
and under oath.
g) Upon the termination of the preliminary investigation, the
investigating officer shall forward the records of the case
together with his resolution to the designated authorities for
their appropriate action thereon.
No information may be filed and no complaint may be dismissed without the
written authority or approval of the Ombudsman in cases falling within the
jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan, or of the proper Deputy Ombudsman in all
other cases.
Sec. 5. CASES FALLING UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS.
Cases falling under the jurisdiction of the Office of the Ombudsman which are
cognizable by municipal trial courts, including those subject to the Rule of
Summary Procedure may only be filed in court by information approved by the
Ombudsman or the proper Deputy Ombudsman.
Sec. 6. NOTICE TO PARTIES. The parties shall be served with a copy of the
resolution as finally approved by the Ombudsman or by the proper Deputy
Ombudsman.
Sec. 7. MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION. a) Only one (1) motion for
reconsideration or reinvestigation of an approved order or resolution shall be
allowed, the same to be filed within fifteen (15) days from notice thereof with the
Office of the Ombudsman, or the Deputy Ombudsman as the case may be.
b) No motion for reconsideration or reinvestigation shall be entertained after the
information shall have been filed in court, except upon order of the court wherein
the case was filed.
RULE III
PROCEDURE IN ADMINISTRATIVE CASES
SECTION 1. GROUNDS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLAINT. An administrative
complaint may be filed for acts or omissions, including but not limited to the
following:
a) contrary to law or regulations;
b) unreasonable, unfair, oppressive or discriminating;
c) inconsistent with the general course of the agencys functions
though in accordance with law;
d) on a mistake of law or an arbitrary ascertainment of facts;
e) in the exercise of discretionary powers but for an improper
purpose;
f) otherwise irregular, immoral or devoid of justification;
g) due to any delay or refusal to comply with the referral or
directive of the Ombudsman or any of his deputies against the
office or employee to whom it was addressed; and
h) such other grounds provided for under PD 807, RA 6713 and
other applicable laws.
Sec. 2. PUBLIC OFFICERS COVERED; EXCEPTIONS. All elective and appointive
officials of the government and its subdivisions, instrumentalities and agencies,
including Members of the Cabinet, local governments, government-owned or
controlled corporations and their subsidiaries are subject to the disciplinary
authority of the Office of the Ombudsman.
Excepted from the foregoing are Members of Congress, the Judiciary, and officials
removable only by impeachment; provided, however, that the Office of the
Ombudsman may investigate any serious misconduct in office allegedly
committed by officials removable only by impeachment, for the purpose of filing
a verified complaint for impeachment, if warranted.
Sec. 3. HOW INITIATED. An administrative case may be initiated by a written
complaint under oath accompanied by affidavits of witnesses and other
evidences in support of the charge. An administrative proceeding may also be
ordered by the Ombudsman or the respective Deputy Ombudsman on his
initiative or on the basis of a complaint originally files as a criminal action or a
grievance complaint or request for assistance.
Sec. 4. EVALUATION. Upon receipt of the complaint, the same shall be
evaluated to determine whether the same may be:
a) dismissed outright for any of the grounds stated under
section 20 of R.A. 6770;
b) referred to other disciplinary authorities under paragraph 2,
Section 23, RA 6770 for the taking of appropriate administrative
proceedings;
c) the subject of administrative adjudication by the Office of the
Ombudsman.
Sec. 5. ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION; HOW CONDUCTED.
a) If the complaint is not dismissed for any of the causes
enumerated in Section 20 of Republic Act No. 6770, the
respondent shall be furnished with copy of the affidavits and
other evidences submitted by the complainant, and shall be
ordered to file his counter-affidavits and other evidences in
support of his defense, within ten (10) days from receipt
thereof, together with proof of service of the same on the
complainant who may file reply affidavits within ten (10) days
from receipt of the counter-affidavits of the respondent.
b) If, on the basis of the affidavits and other evidences
submitted by the parties, the investigating officer finds no
sufficient cause to warrant further proceedings, the complaint
may be dismissed. Otherwise, he shall summon the parties to a
preliminary conference to consider the following matters:
1) Whether the parties desire a formal
investigation or are willing to submit the case
for resolution on the basis of the evidence on
record and such other evidences they will
present at such conference; or
2) Should the parties desire a formal
investigation to determine the nature of the
charge, stipulation of facts, a definition of the
issues, identification and marking of exhibits,
limitation of witnesses, and such other matters
as would expedite the proceedings.
c) After the preliminary conference, the investigating officer
shall issue an order reciting the matters taken up during the
conference including the facts stipulated, the evidences marked
and the issues involved. The contents of this order may not be
deviated from unless amended to prevent manifest injustice.
d) Should a hearing be conducted, the parties shall be notified
at least five (5) days before the date thereof. Failure of any or
both of the parties to appear at the hearing is not necessarily a
cause for the dismissal of the complaint. A party who appears
may be allowed to present his evidence in the absence of the
adverse party who was duly notified of the hearing.
e) Only witnesses who have submitted affidavits served on the
adverse party at least five (5) days before the date of his being
presented as a witness may be allowed to testify at the hearing.
The affidavit of any witness shall constitute his direct testimony,
subject to cross-examination, re-direct examination and re-
cross-examination.
f) The parties shall be allowed that assistance of counsel and the
right to the production of evidence through the compulsory
process of subpoena and subpoena duces tecum.
Sec. 6. RENDITION OF DECISION. Not later than thirty (30) days after the
termination of the hearing, the investigating officer shall submit a resolution
containing his findings and recommendation for the approval of the Ombudsman.
Once approved, the said resolution shall constitute the decision in the case. Copy
thereof shall be served upon the parties and the head of the office or agency of
which the respondent as in official or employee for his information and
compliance with any directive contained therein.
Sec. 7. FINALITY OF DECISION. Where the respondent is absolved of the charge
and in case of conviction where the penalty imposed is public censure or
reprimand, suspension of not more than one (1) month, or a fine equivalent to
one (1) month salary, the decision shall be final and unappealable. In all other
cases, the decision shall become final after the expiration of ten (10) days from
receipt thereof by the respondent, unless a motion for reconsideration or petition
for certiorari shall have been filed by him as prescribed in Section 27 of RA 6770.
Sec. 8. MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION OR REINVESTIGATION. Whenever
allowable, a motion for reconsideration or reinvestigation may only be
entertained if filed within ten (10) days from receipt of the decision by the
respondent on any of the following grounds:
a) New evidence had been discovered which materially affects
the order, directive or decision.
b) Errors of facts or law, or irregularities have been committed
prejudicial to the interest of the movant.
Only one motion for reconsideration or reinvestigation shall be allowed, and the
hearing officer shall resolved the same within five (5) days from receipt thereof.
Sec. 9. PREVENTIVE SUSPENSION. Pending investigation, the respondent may
be preventively suspended without pay for a period of not more than six (6)
months if, in the judgment of the Ombudsman or hi proper deputy, the evidence
of guilt is strong, and (a) the charge against such officer or employee involves
dishonesty, oppression or gross misconduct, or neglect in the performance of
duty; or (b) the charge would warrant removal from the service; or (c) the
respondents continued stay in office may prejudice the case filed against him.
If the administrative investigation is not terminated within the period of the
respondent is suspended, the respondent shall be automatically reinstated unless
the delay in the disposition of the case is due to the fault, negligence, or any
cause attributable to the respondent, in which case the period of such delay shall
not be counted in computing the period of suspension.
Sec. 10. PENALTIES. (a) In administrative proceedings conducted under PD 807
by agencies or offices other than the Office of the Ombudsman, the penalties
under said law shall be imposed.; (b) In administrative proceedings conducted
under these rules, the Office of the Ombudsman may impose a penalty ranging
from suspension without pay for one (1) year to dismissal with forfeiture of
benefits or a fine ranging from five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) to twice the
amount malversed, illegally taken, or lost, or both, at the discretion of the
Ombudsman, taking into consideration circumstances that mitigate or aggravate
the liability of the officer or employee found guilty of the complaint or charge.
This is without prejudice to the authority of the Ombudsman to exercise his
authority under Section 15, paragraph (3) of RA 6770.
RULE IV
PROCEDURE IN GRIEVANCES/REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE
SECTION 1. GRIEVANCE OR REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE; NATURE OF. A grievance
or request for assistance may consist of a complaint or request seeking redress or
relief concerning an act or omission of public official or employee, office or
agency alleged to be unreasonable, unfair, oppressive, discriminatory, improper
or inefficient, and which does not necessarily amount to a criminal or
administrative offense.
Sec. 2. BY WHOM HANDLED. Grievance or request for assistance shall be acted
upon by the Public Assistance Office of the Central Office of the Ombudsman, or
in the Office of the respective Deputy Ombudsman.
Sec. 3. ACTION THEREON. A grievance or request for assistance shall be acted
upon immediately upon receipt.
a) Where the grievance or request for assistance appears to be
manifestly frivolous, vexatious, or made in bad faith, or where it
involves a matter purely between private parties, the same may
be dismissed outright and the complainant/requesting party
informed of the reasons for such dismissal;
b) Where the redress, relief or assistance sought may be acted
upon by another office, the same may be referred to the office
concerned, with the Public Assistance Office following it up in
behalf of the complainant.
c) In all other cases which the Office of the Ombudsman may
take cognizance of, the procedure in the following sections shall
be observed.
Sec. 4. PROCEDURE. a) If the grievance or request is relatively simple and/or
requires immediate action, the same may be acted upon by telegram, telephone,
or other means of communication or given personal attention by going to the
office or agency concerned.
a) Whenever deemed necessary or advisable, a copy of the
grievance or request for assistance, together with pertinent
documents shall be sent to the public official, employee or
agency concerned, copy furnished its head and the Resident
Ombudsman, if any, for the taking of immediate remedial
action; or, if the relief requested may not be complied with, to
submit a written explanation therefor.
b) Whenever deemed necessary or advisable, a copy of the
grievance or request for assistance, together with pertinent
 documents shall be sent to the public official, employee or
agency concerned, copy furnished its head and the Resident
Ombudsman, if any, for the taking of immediate remedial
action; or, if the relief requested may not be complied with, to
submit a written explanation therefor.
c) If such explanation is found satisfactory, and/or appropriate
action had already been taken on the grievance or request, the
same shall be dismissed and the parties informed accordingly.
d) The Public Assistance Office may arrange a conference
between the complainant/requesting party, and the public
official concerned with a view to a satisfactory and expeditious
resolution of the grievance/request.
e) Upon consideration of the facts or information gathered, a
resolution on the grievance or request shall be made within two
(2) days of which the parties shall be notified, and appropriate
steps taken to insure compliance therewith.
Sec. 5. EFFECT OF NON-COMPLIANCE. Any delay or refusal to comply with the
referral or directive of the Ombudsman or any of the deputies shall constitute a
ground for administrative disciplinary action against the officer or employee to
whom it was addressed pursuant to Section 26, paragraph (4) of RA 6770.
RULE V
SECTION 1. IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION. a) Any person whose testimony
or production of documents or other evidence is necessary to determine the
truth in any inquiry, hearing, or proceeding being conducted by the Office of the
Ombudsman or under its authority in the performance or furtherance of its
constitutional functions and statutory objectives, including preliminary
investigation, may be granted immunity from criminal prosecution by the
Ombudsman, upon such terms and conditions as the Ombudsman may
determine, taking into account the pertinent provisions of the Rules of Court.
Such immunity may be granted upon application of the concerned party, the
investigating, hearing, or prosecuting officer, or at the instance of the
Ombudsman. Provided, however, that in all cases, the concerned party shall
execute an affidavit reciting the substance of his proposed testimony and/or the
nature of the evidence in his possession.
b) In all hearings, inquiries, and proceedings of the Office of the Ombudsman,
including preliminary investigation of the offenses, no person subpoenaed to
testify as a witness shall be excused from attending and testifying or from
producing books, papers, correspondence, memoranda and/or other records on
the ground that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required
of him may tend to incriminate him subject to prosecution: Provided, that no
person shall be prosecuted criminally for or on account of any matter, concerning
which he is compelled to testify and produce evidence, after having claimed the
privilege against self-incrimination.
c) the grant of immunity from criminal prosecution under the preceding
paragraphs may be revoked upon proper notice in the event that the person
granted immunity subsequently retracts his statement, or fails or refuses to
testify or produce evidence in court in accordance with the sworn statement
upon which his immunity was granted.
Neither shall such grant of immunity exempt the party concerned from criminal
prosecution for perjury or false testimony, nor shall he be exempt from demotion
or removal from office.
Sec. 2. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE; EXEMPTION. When circumstances so warrant and
with due prudence, the Office of the Ombudsman may publicize in a fair and
balanced manner the filing of a complaint, grievance or request for assistance,
and the final resolution, decision or action taken thereon: Provided, however, that
prior to such final action, no publicity shall be make of matters which may
adversely affect national security or public interest, prejudice the safety of the
witnesses or the disposition of the case, or unduly expose persons complained
against to ridicule or public censure.
Sec. 3. RULES OF COURT APPLICATION. In all matters not provided in these
rules, the Rules of Court shall apply in a suppletory character, or by analogy
whenever practicable and convenient.
Sec. 4. EFFECTIVITY. These rules shall take effect following the completion of
their publication in the Official Gazette or in three (3) newspapers of general
circulation in the Philippines, one of which is printed in the national language.
They shall govern all cases brought after they take effect and to further
proceedings in cases then pending, except to the extent that their application
would not be feasible or would cause injustice to any party.
Sec. 5. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. If any provision of these rules is held
unconstitutional, other provisions not effected thereby shall remain valid and
binding.
Makati, Metro Manila, April 10, 1990.
 (Sgd.) CONRADO M. VASQUEZ
Ombudsman

RA 9344 Juvenile Justice & Welfare Act

CHAPTER 3
PROSECUTION
SEC. 32. Duty of the Prosecutor's Office. - There shall be a specially trained
prosecutor to conduct inquest, preliminary investigation and prosecution of cases
involving a child in conflict with the law. If there is an allegation of torture or ill-
treatment of a child in conflict with the law during arrest or detention, it shall be
the duty of the prosecutor to investigate the same.
SEC. 33. Preliminary Investigation and Filing of Information. - The prosecutor
shall conduct a preliminary investigation in the following instances: (a) when the
child in conflict with the law does not qualify for diversion: (b) when the child,
his/her parents or guardian does not agree to diversion as specified in Sections 27
and 28; and (c) when considering the assessment and recommendation of the
social worker, the prosecutor determines that diversion is not appropriate for the
child in conflict with the law.
Upon serving the subpoena and the affidavit of complaint, the prosecutor shall
notify the Public Attorney's Office of such service, as well as the personal
information, and place of detention of the child in conflict with the law.
Upon determination of probable cause by the prosecutor, the information against
the child shall be filed before the Family Court within forty-five (45) days from the
start of the preliminary investigation.
 Inquest Procedures (DOJ Circular No. 61, 1993)
Evidence Needed for an Inquest Proceedings
SECTION 1.Concept .Inquest is an informal and summary investigation con-
ducted by a public prosecutor in criminal cases involving persons arrested and
detained without the benefit of a warrant of arrest issued by the court for the
purpose of deter-mining whether or not said persons should remain under
custody and correspondingly be charged in court.
SEC. 2.Designationof Inquest Officers.The City or Provincial Prosecutor shall
designate the Prosecutors assigned to inquest duties and shall furnish the
Philippine National Police (PNP) a list of their names and their schedule of
assignments. If, however, there is only one Prosecutor in the area, all inquest
cases shall be referred to him for appropriate action. Unless otherwise directed
by the City or Provincial Prosecutor, those assigned to inquest duties shall
discharge their functions during the hours of their designated assignments and
only at the police stations/headquarters of the PNP in order to expedite and
facilitate the disposition of inquest cases.
SEC. 3.Commencement and Termination of Inquest.The inquest proceedings
shall be considered commenced upon receipt by the Inquest Officer from the law
enforcement authorities of the complaint/referral documents which should
include:
a. the affidavit of arrest;
b. the investigation report;
c. the statement of the complainant and witnesses; and
d. other supporting evidence gathered by the police in the course of the
latters investigation of the criminal incident involving the arrested or
detained person. The inquest Officer shall, as far as practicable, cause
the affidavit of arrest and statements/affidavits of the complainant and
the witnesses to be subscribed and sworn to before him by the arresting
officer and the affiants. The inquest proceedings must be terminated
within the period prescribed under the provisions of Article 125 of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended. *
SEC. 4.Particular Documents Required in Specific Cases.The submission,
presentation of the documents listed herein below should as far as practicable, be
required in the following cases by the Inquest Officer.
Violation of the Anti-Fencing Law (PD 1612)
a. a list/inventory of the articles and items subject of the offense; and
b. statement of their respective value
Illegal Possession of Explosives (PD 1866)
a. chemistry report duly signed by the forensic chemist and
b. photograph of the explosives, if readily available.
Violation of the Fisheries Law (PD 704)(now RA 8550)
a. photograph of the confiscated fish, if readily available; and
b. certification of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources;
Violation of the Forestry Law (PD 705)
a. scale sheets containing the volume and species of the forest products
confiscated, number of pieces and other important details such as
estimated value of the products confiscated;
b. certification of Department of Environment and Natural
Resources/Bureau of Forest Management; and
c. seizure receipt. The submission of the foregoing documents shall no
absolutely be required if there are other forms of evidence submitted
which will sufficiently establish the facts sought to be proved by the
foregoing documents.
SEC. 5.Incomplete documents.When the documents presented are not
complete to establish probable cause, the Inquest Officer shall direct the law
enforcement agency to submit the required evidence within the period
prescribed under the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, as
amended; otherwise, the Inquest Officer shall order the release of the detained
person and, where the inquest is conducted outside of office hours, direct the law
enforcement agency concerned to file the case with the City or Provincial
Prosecutor for appropriate action.
SEC. 6.Presence of the detained person.The presence of the detained person
who is under custody shall be ensured during the proceedings. However, the
production of the detained person before the Inquest Officer may be dispensed
with in the following cases:
a. if he is confined in a hospital;
b. if he is detained in a place under maximum security;
c. if production of the detained person involve security risks; or
 d. if the presence of the detained person is not feasible by reason of age,
health, sex and other similar factors.
The absence of the detained person by reason of any of the foregoing factors
must be noted by the Inquest Officer and reflected in the record of the case.
SEC. 7.Charges and counter-charges.All charges and counter-charges arising
from the same incident shall, as far as practicable, be consolidated and inquested
jointly to avoid contradictory or inconsistent dispositions.
SEC. 8.Initial duty of the inquest officer .The Inquest Officer must first deter-
mine if the arrest of the detained person was made in accordance with the
provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of Section 5, Rule 113 of the 1985 Rules on
Criminal Procedure, as amended, which provide that arrests without a warrant
may be effected:
a. when, in the presence of the arresting officer, the person to be
arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to
commit an offense; or
b. when an offense has in fact just been committed, and the arresting
officer has personal knowledge of facts indicating that the person to be
arrested has committed it. For this purpose, the Inquest Officer may
summarily examine the arresting officers on the circumstances
surrounding the arrest or apprehension of the detained per-son.
SEC. 9.Where arrest not properly effected.Should the Inquest Officer find that
the arrest was not made in accordance with the Rules, he shall:
a. recommend the release of the person arrested or detained;
b. note down the disposition of the referral document;
c. prepare a brief memorandum indicating the reasons for the action
taken; and
d. forward the same, together with the record of the case, to the City or
Provincial Prosecutor for appropriate action.
Where the recommendation for the release of the detained person is approved
by the City or Provincial Prosecutor but the evidence on hand warrant the
conduct of a regular preliminary investigation, the order of release shall be served
on the officer having custody of said detainee and shall direct the said officer to
serve upon the detainee the subpoena or notice of preliminary investigation,
together with the copies of the charge sheet or complaint, affidavits or sworn
statements of the complainant and his witnesses and other supporting evidence.
SEC. 10.Where the arrest property effected.Should the Inquest Officer find that
the arrest was properly effected, the detained person should be asked if he
desires to avail himself of a preliminary investigation, if he does, he shall be made
to execute a waiver of the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, as
amended, with the assistance of a lawyer and, in case of non-availability of a
lawyer, a responsible person of his choice. The preliminary investigation may be
conducted by the Inquest Officer himself or by any other Assistant Prosecutor to
whom the case may be assigned by the City or Provincial Prosecutor, which
investigation shall be terminated within fifteen(15) days from its inception.
SEC. 11.Inquest proper .Where the detained person does not opt for a
preliminary investigation or otherwise refuses to execute the required waiver, the
Inquest Officer shall proceed with the inquest by examining the sworn
statements/affidavits of the complainant and the witnesses and other supporting
evidence submitted to him. If necessary, the Inquest Officer may require the
presence of the complainant and witnesses and subject them to an informal and
summary investigation or examination for purposes of determining the existence
of probable cause.
SEC. 12.Meaning of probable cause.Probable cause exists when the evidence
submitted to the Inquest Officer engenders a well-founded belief that a crime has
been committed and that the arrested or detained person is probably guilty
thereof.
SEC. 13.Presence of probable cause.If the Inquest Officer finds that probable
cause exists, he shall forthwith prepare the corresponding complaint/information
with the recommendation that the same be filed in court. The
complaint/information shall indicate the offense committed and the amount of
bail recommended, if bailable. Thereafter, the record of the case, together with
the prepared com-plaint/information, shall be forwarded to the City or Provincial
Prosecutor for appropriate action. The complaint/information may be filed by the
Inquest Officer himself or by any other Assistant Prosecutor to whom the case
may be assigned by the City or Provincial Prosecutor.
SEC. 14.Contents of information.The information shall, among others, contain:
a. a certification by the filing Prosecutor that he is filing the same in
 accordance with the provisions of Section 7, Rule 112 of the 1985 Rules
on Criminal Procedure, as amended, in cases cognizable by the Regional
Trial Court;
b. the full name and alias, if any, and address of the accused;
c. the place where the accused is actually detained;
d. the full names and addresses of the complainant and witnesses;
e. a detailed description of the recovered item, if any;
f. the full name and address of the evidence custodian;
g. the age and date of birth of the complainant or the accused, if
eighteen (19)years of age or below; and
h. the full names and addresses of the parents, custodians or guardians
of the minor complainant or accused, as the case may be.
SEC. 15.Absence of probable cause.If the Inquest Officer finds no probable
cause, he shall:
the NBI medico-legal office, as the case may be;
c. direct the police investigator to cause the taking of photographs of the
crime scene or place of discovery of the dead body;
d. supervise the investigation to be conducted by the police authorities
as well as the recovery of all articles and pieces of evidence found
thereat and see to it that the same are safeguarded and the chain of the
custody thereof properly recorded; and
e. submit a written report of his finding to the City or Provincial
Prosecutor for appropriate action.
SEC. 17.Sandiganbayan cases.Should any complaint cognizable by the
Sandiganbayan be referred to an Inquest Officer for investigation, the latter shall,
after conducting the corresponding inquest proceeding, forthwith forward the
complete record to the City or Provincial Prosecutor for appropriate action.

a. recommend the release of the arrested or detained person;

b. note down his disposition on the referral document;
c. prepare a brief memorandum indicating the reasons for the action
taken; and
d. forthwith forward the record of the case to the City or Provincial
Prosecutor for appropriate action.

If the recommendation of the Inquest Officer for the release of the arrested or
detained person is approved, the order of release shall be served on the officer
having custody of the said detainee. Should the City or Provincial Prosecutor
disapprove the recommendation of release, the arrested or detained person shall
remain under custody, and the correspond-ing complaint/information shall be
filed by the City or Provincial Prosecutor or by any Assistant Prosecutor to whom
the case may be assigned.

SEC. 16.Presence at the crime scene.Whenever a dead body is found and there
is reason to believe that the death resulted from foul play, or from the unlawful
acts or omissions of other persons and such fact has been brought to his
attention, the Inquest Officer shall:

a. forthwith proceed to the crime scene or place of discovery of the dead

person;
b. cause an immediate autopsy to be conducted by the appropriate
medico-legal officer in the locality or the PNP medico-legal division or
July 3, 2000 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR NO. 70
SUBJECT : 2000 NPS RULE ON APPEAL
In the interest of expeditious and efficient administration of justice and in line
with recent jurisprudence, the following Rule governing appeals from resolutions
of prosecutors in the National Prosecution Service, to be known as the 2000 NPS
Rule on Appeal, is hereby adopted.
SECTION 1. Scope. - This Rule shall apply to appeals from resolutions of the Chief
State Prosecutor, Regional State Prosecutors and Provincial/City Prosecutors in
cases subject of preliminary investigation/ reinvestigation.
SECTION 2. Where to appeal. An appeal may be brought to the Secretary of
Justice within the period and in the manner herein provided.
SECTION 3. Period to appeal. The appeal shall be taken within fifteen (15) days
from receipt of the resolution, or of the denial of the motion for
reconsideration/reinvestigation if one has been filed within fifteen (15) days from
receipt of the assailed resolution. Only one motion for reconsideration shall be
allowed.
SECTION 4. How appeal taken. An aggrieved party may appeal by filing a verified
petition for review with the Office of the Secretary, Department of Justice, and by
furnishing copies thereof to the adverse party and the Prosecution Office issuing
the appealed resolution.
SECTION 5. Contents of petition. - The petition shall contain or state: (a) the
names and addresses of the parties; (b) the Investigation Slip number (I.S. No.)
and criminal case number, if any, and title of the case, including the offense
charged in the complaint; (c) the venue of the preliminary investigation; (d) the
specific material dates showing that it was filed on time; (e) a clear and concise
statement of the facts, the assignment of errors, and the reasons or arguments
relied upon for the allowance of the appeal; and (f) proof of service of a copy of
the petition to the adverse party and the Prosecution Office concerned.
The petition shall be accompanied by legible duplicate original or certified true
copy of the resolution appealed from together with legible true copies of the
complaint, affidavits/sworn statements and other evidence submitted by the
parties during the preliminary investigation/ reinvestigation.
If an information has been filed in court pursuant to the appealed resolution, a
copy of the motion to defer proceedings filed in court must also accompany the
petition. The investigating/reviewing/approving prosecutor shall not be
impleaded as party respondent in the petition. The party taking the appeal shall
be referred to in the petition as either "Complainant-Appellant" or "Respondent-
Appellant".
SECTION 6. Effect of failure to comply with requirements. The failure of the
petitioner to comply with any of the foregoing requirements shall constitute
sufficient ground for the dismissal of the petition.
SECTION 7. Action on the petition. The Secretary of Justice may dismiss the
petition outright if he finds the same to be patently without merit or manifestly
intended for delay, or when the issues raised therein are too unsubstantial to
require consideration. If an information has been filed in court pursuant to the
appealed resolution, the petition shall not be given due course if the accused had
already been arraigned. Any arraignment made after the filing of the petition
shall not bar the Secretary of Justice from exercising his power of review.
SECTION 8. Comment. Within a non-extendible period of fifteen (15) days from
receipt of a copy of the petition, the adverse party may file a verified comment,
indicating therein the date of such receipt and submitting proof of service of his
comment to the petitioner and the Prosecution Office concerned. Except when
directed by the Secretary of Justice, the investigating/reviewing/approving
prosecutor need not submit any comment. If no comment is filed within the
prescribed period, the appeal shall be resolved on the basis of the petition.
SECTION 9. Effect of the appeal. Unless the Secretary of Justice directs otherwise,
the appeal shall not hold the filing of the corresponding information in court on
the basis of the finding of probable cause in the appealed resolution. The
appellant and the trial prosecutor shall see to it that, pending resolution of the
appeal, the proceedings in court are held in abeyance.
SECTION 10. Withdrawal of appeal. Notwithstanding the perfection of the appeal,
the petitioner may withdraw the same at any time before it is finally resolved, in
which case the appealed resolution shall stand as though no appeal has been
taken.
SECTION 11. Reinvestigation. If the Secretary of Justice finds it necessary to
reinvestigate the case, the reinvestigation shall be held by the investigating
prosecutor, unless, for compelling reasons, another prosecutor is designated to
conduct the same.

SECTION 12. Disposition of the appeal. The Secretary may reverse, affirm or
modify the appealed resolution. He may, motu proprio or upon motion, dismiss
the petition for review on any of the following grounds:

That the petition was filed beyond the period prescribed in Section 3 hereof;
That the procedure or any of the requirements herein provided has not been
complied with;
That there is no showing of any reversible error;
That the appealed resolution is interlocutory in nature, except when it suspends
the proceedings based on the alleged existence of a prejudicial question;
That the accused had already been arraigned when the appeal was taken;
That the offense has already prescribed; and
That other legal or factual grounds exist to warrant a dismissal.

SECTION 13. Motion for reconsideration. The aggrieved party may file a motion
for reconsideration within a non-extendible period of ten (10) days from receipt
of the resolution on appeal, furnishing the adverse party and the Prosecution
Office concerned with copies thereof and submitting proof of such service. No
second or further motion for reconsideration shall be entertained.

SECTION 14. Repealing clause. This Circular supersedes Department Order No.
223 dated June 30, 1993 and all other Department issuances inconsistent
herewith.

SECTION 15. Effectivity. This Circular shall be published once in two (2)
newspapers of general circulation, after which it shall take effect on September 1,
2000.

(signed)ARTEMIO G. TUQUERO Secretary of Justice