GC2 ELEMENT 1

1. Health & welfare provisions:

1) Supply of drinking water
2) Washing facilities
3) Sanitary conveniences
4) Accommodation for clothing
5) Rest and eating facilities

2. Work environment provisions.

1) Seating arrangements
2) Ventilation
3) Heating and lighting
4) Exposure to extremes of temperatures

3. Identify the features of a chair to be provided to sedentary workers?

1) The seating should be appropriate for the job being carried out and for the height
of worktable.
2) The seat height, the back rest height and the backrest tilt should be adjustable.
3) There should be no excess pressure on the underside of the thighs and the back
of the knees.
4) Allows the worker to lean forward or backward easily.
5) Provide with adequate legroom under the worktable for any postural changes.
6) Provided with a foot rest or feet should be flat on the floor.
7) Provide with adequate lumbar support.
8) Seat should be slightly curved downward at the front edge.
9) Chair should have a star base or five legs for maximum stability.
10) The chair should have removable or adjustable arm rests to prevent from any
obstruction from getting closer to the worktable.
11) The chair should be covered with a breathable fabric to prevent slipping off the
chair.
4. Outline the control measures to prevent violence in works?
1) Enforce zero tolerance policy and prosecution of offenders.
2) Provide with security staff.
3) Provision of closed circuit television cameras.
4) Provide with queue management system with appropriate information about the
waiting times.

5) Provide with necessary training to the staff to improve the quality of service and
diffuse aggression.
6) Provide with screens between the staff and the public.
7) Provide with panic alarms.
8) Prevent lone workers in certain high-risk areas.
9) Always ensure a good means of communication.
10) Use cashless systems to avoid money transactions.
11) By informing the callers that the calls might be recorded.

5. Identify the reasons that may lead to slips, trips and falls in a workplace?
Slip hazards may be caused due to smooth floor surfaces which may be slippery
(polished floor) or wet because of spillages or cleaning operations.
2) Contamination of the floor with slippery contaminants such as plastic bags, oil or
fat.
3) Due to frost and ice.
4) Environment Poor lighting.
5) Lack of knowledge of workplace hazards.
6) Behavioural issues such as running hazards.

Trip hazards include uneven or loose floor surfaces such as poorly laid floor mats or
broken paving slabs.
2) Trailing cables
3) Objects on the floor
4. Poor lighting Environment.
5) Foot wear Inappropriate footwear.
6) Behaviour Rules not followed such as running.
7) Task factors such as improper manual handling.
8) Lack of knowledge of workplace hazards.
7. Identify the control measures to ensure the safety of the pedestrians.
1) Slip resistant surfaces: Provision to ensure an appropriate level of slip resistance.
The factors to be considered when providing a slip resistance surface include the
number of people who walk on the floor, the footwear they might possibly use, the
possible wear of the floor surfaces; possible spillages and contaminations: on the
floor and environmental conditions such as weather, lighting etc.
2) Spillage control & Drainage The floor should be designed to withstand
foreseeable spillages such as water, oils, solvents, grease or kerosene chemicals.

3) Slippage controls can be best achieved by preventing the spills happening in the
first place such as by maintenance of the equipments and regular inspections and
also by controlling the behavioral issues.
4) Adopt and mark designated walkways use of designated ways is a critical
control measure. It can be used to ensure that the pedestrians stay within the
designated areas and vehicles / other hazard does not enter into the pedestrian
area.
5) Fencing & Guarding
6) Use of signages and PPE
7) IITS
8) Maintenance of workplace.
9) Access and egress
10) Environmental Considerations Heating, Lighting, noise and dust.

8. Identify the responsibilities of the clients?

1) The client has to ensure that the right contractual arrangements are in place.
2) Appoint a competent designer, consultant and the principal contractor.
3) The client has to make crucial decisions with respect to budget, time and
suitability of designs.
4) Select procurement methods and construction team and supply chain.
5) Ensure that those appointed have adequate resources
6) Develop safety plan for construction.
7) Co-ordinate activities of all contractors.
8) Ensure all on site comply with H&S rules
9) Provide H&S information to all necessary.

9. Storage of flammable substances?

1) Flammable materials should be stored in separate stores and they should be open
air stores. If it is not possible then there should be a fire resistance partition
separating stores from the workplace. Drains and excavations should be covered or
sealed.
2) The stores should be provided with security fence.
3) Internal stores should be constructed of fire resisting materials and provide with
good level of ventilation to prevent dangerous levels of gases accumulating.
4) Stores containing large quantities of flammable materials should have at least 02
exits as the means of escape.
5) Doors and gates should always be locked when not in use.

6) Hot works should not be carried out close to storage area.

7) Stores should be suitably marked with adequate signs such as flammable, no
smoking or no naked flames.
8) Stores should be regularly inspected and ensure good standards of
housekeeping.

10. Identify the hazards associated with demolition activity?

1) Premature collapse of the building
2) Hazards associated with plant & machinery such as collision of vehicles or over
turning, failure of equipments, mechanical hazards, failure of hydraulic hoses.
3) Fall of people, material, equipments and machinery from the height.
4) Contact with overhead electric lines or obstructions
5) Contact with buried services.
6) Presence of hazardous substances such as asbestos, chemical, etc.
7) Noise and Vibration from the heavy plant & equipment.
8) Fire and explosion from the use of flammable substances and explosives.
9) Presence of dust of becoming airborne.
10) Manual handling hazards.
11) Sharp objects such as glass and nail from the demolition.
12) Biological hazards from vermin and stagnant water.

11. Outline the control measures to ensure safety of demolition activities?

1) A thorough investigation assessment and the planning of the work to be carried
out.
2) A thorough assessment of the construction details of the building or the structure
and the neighboring structures to be carried out.
3) Elimination or control of working at height
4) Structural surveys to access the strength and stability of the structure and
adjacent structure.
5) Assessing the strength & stability of floors to ensure that plant and machinery and
debris put on the floors do not exceed their tolerance.
6) Assess the presence of services such as water, gas, electrical etc. and isolate the
services.
7) Assess the presence of hazardous substances, remove and dispose prior to
demolition.
8) Prevent unauthorized access by securing the site with fencing and thereby
creating a buffer zone.

9) Damping down the dust with water to reduce the chances of dust becoming
airborne.
10) Use of elephant trunks to remove debris.

12. Any preventive/ control measures questions?

Last four points can be 1) Provision of information, instruction & training.
2) Ensure competent persons
3) Providing adequate supervision
4) PPE/ BA sets.

13. Fragile Roof:

Roofs that are made of materials such as cement, asbestos, glass, reinforced
plastics and wood, which are not specifically designed to carry loads but have only
designed to withstand the forces produced by the weather.

14. Pitched/ Sloping roofs:

Roofs with a pitch (slope) greater than 10 degrees where falls from the edges of
sloping roofs generally cause severe injuries.
15. (A) Identify reasons why a scaffold may collapse?
(B) Identify precautions to be taken to minimize the risks to workers when
working on a scaffold.
(C) Identify when the scaffold should be inspects?
(A)
1) The reasons might include the scaffold is not properly designed for its intended
purpose.
2. Erected by incompetent persons.
3. Incorrect erection and the condition of the ground in which it is erected or
incompatibility of the material or the components.
4. Unauthorized modifications or alterations with the erected scaffold.
5. Uneven load distribution or overloading of the scaffold.
6. Being hit by a moving vehicle.
7. Adverse weather conditions such as heavy winds or flooding leading to soil
erosion.
8. Scaffold standards are not vertical or ledgers are not horizontal.
9. Scaffold not adequately tied to adjacent structure.
10. Incorrect couplers used to join the scaffold tubes.

11. Insufficient bracings of the scaffold.

(B)
1. Precautions include scaffold is erected modified or altered by competent people.
2. Erecting a scaffold on firm and even surface using sole boards and base plates.
3. Ensuring that the platforms are fully boarded and provided with guardrails, mid
rails and toe boards to prevent fall of material & people.
4. Providing adequate bracings and tying the scaffolds to adjacent structures.
5. Providing safe access such as secure ladders to the working platforms.
6. Providing protection such as barriers and use of safety signs when the scaffold is
adjacent to moving traffic.
7. Ensure that a competent person inspects the scaffold on a regular basis.
8. Provide with adequate PPE such as hard hats, steel toe boots and personal fall
arrester system.

(C)
1. Subsequent to the erection and before the first use.
2. After any substantial alterations.
3. After any event that may effect the stability of a scaffold when being hit by a
vehicle.
4. At regular intervals of seven days (periodic)
16. Identify the hazards associated with the mobile tower scaffold
1) Fall of people or equipment from the work platform.
2) Collapse of the structure.
3) Overturning or toppling of the structure
4) Unintended movement of the structure
5) Contact with overhead electric lines or overhead obstructions.

17. Outline the precautions for the safe use of mobile tower scaffold?
1) Ensure that the guardrails are fitted through the work platform.
2) Ensure that the tower is not overloaded.
3) The wheels should be locked when the tower is being used.
4) The tower must be sited on a firm and level ground.
5) People and material should not remain on the tower whenever it is being moved.
6) Care should be taken to prevent contact with overhead electric lines or
obstructions.
7) Outriggers should be used where necessary to ensure the stability.
8) The access should be provided from the inside of narrow base.

9) People should not climb the tower from outside.

10) The scaffold should be erected only by trained and competent persons.

18. Identify safe working practices for the use of mobile elevated work platform
1) Ensure that the people working on MEWP are competent and trained.
2) Ensure that the statutory inspections and testing of the equipment is in place.
3) The MEWP has to be sited on a firm and stable ground.
4) Check for presence of overhead electric lines or overhead obstructions.
5) Use the outriggers, which should be locked, in its position.
6) Check that correct inflation of the tyres during the elevation of the platform.
7) Prevent moving the vehicle with an elevated platform.
8) The use of personnel fall arrest system while working on the platform.
9) Ensuring that the platform is not overloaded.
10) Introducing the emergency procedures to bring down the platform or the people
in an event of a failure.
11) The controls should be inside the cradle.

19. Outline the safety precautions for the use of suspended access
equipments.
1) Ensure that the equipment is inspected prior to the use.
2) The equipment should only be used by competent staff.
3) Guardrails and toe boards should be in place to prevent fall of material or people.
4) Ensure that the controls are inside the cradle.
5) Ensure safe distance from the overhead electric lines.
6) Prevent the use of equipment in adverse weather conditions.
7) Establish good means of communication.
8) Establish emergency procedures to bring down the people in the event of
emergency.

20. Outline the safety precautions for the use of portable ladders?
1) Do not sit the ladder near the overhead electric lines.
2) Sit the ladder on solid firm and leveled ground surface.
3) Maintain an angle of 750to the horizontal or at a ratio of 1:4 distance away from
the wall to the height.
4) Top of the ladder must rest against a solid support.
5) The ladder should be ideally secured at the top.
6) If it is not possible then guy ropes should be used and secure to firm support.

7) If this is also not possible ladder should be footed by something at the base.
8) Top of the ladder should extend sufficient enough above the level of working
position or the platform.
9) The ladder should be used only by one person at a time.
10) Maintain a three point contact with the ladder at all time.
11) Never paint the ladders as they may enclose (hide) the damages of the rungs or
rails.
12) Rings should be clear of grease, oil or other slippery substance.
13) Maintain a ladder register to prevent unauthorized use.
21. Safety precautions for step ladders?
1) Carryout a daily check before the use
2) Make sure the stepladder is placed near the work position.
3) Ensure that the ladder is fully open (extended)
4) Ensure that the locking mechanism is in position when in use.
5) Do not work on the top 02 steps unless it is designed with handholds.
6) Provide with adequate footing if required.
7) Avoid overreaching and avoid overloading.

22. A 3 meter deep excavation has to be dug across car park. Identify the
hazards associated in and around excavation
1. The sudden collapse of the sides of excavation (cave-in)
2. Falling of materials, people or vehicles in to the excavation.
3. Workers being struck by the plant and machinery
4. Hazards associated with the use of pneumatic drills
5. Presence of Hazardous substances particularly near the equipments or
processes generating exhaust fumes.
6. Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen
7. Proximity of stored materials, plants or waste material.
8. Presence of underground utilities such as gas, telecommunication, sewers
electrical.
9. Fire or explosion due to the recaptures of the gas pipelines when using impact
tools.
10. Electrical burns, shocks, arcing, fire & explosion due to electrical lines.
11. Possible drowning due to damages of water lines.
12. Proximity of adjacent structures or buildings and their stability.
13. Fall of people due to inadequate access.
14. Fumes and health hazards such as weils disease.

15. Possible presence of reptiles such as snakes, scorpion etc.

16. Possible presence of toxic gases due to sewer lines.
17. Contamination of water due to rupture in water lines.

23. Outline the control measures to prevent or control hazards associated with
excavation?
1. At all stages of the exaction a competent person must supervise the work and the
workers must be given clear instructions on working safety in the excavation.
2. The sides of the excavation must be prevented from collapsing either by digging at
a safe angle (between 5o to 45o depending on soil and dryness) or by shoring with
timber, sheeting or a support system.
3. Fall of spoil can be prevented by storing the spoil at adequate distance from the
edges of the excavation.
4. Provide with adequate edge protection using the guardrails at suitable distance
from the edge of excavation.
5. If excavation in deeper than 02 meters a barrier consisting of guard rails, mid rails
and toe boards should be provided around the excavation.
6. Vehicles should be kept away as for as possible using signages and barriers.
7. When the vehicle is tipping the material or spoil into the excavation stop blocks
should be placed behind its wheels.
8. Ensure adequate lighting in and around excavation especially during the nights.
9. All the plant & machinery operators must be competent and non-operators must
be kept away from the moving plant and machinery.
10. Nearby structures and buildings may need to be shored if there is a possibility of
excavation on its stability.
11. The area around the excavation should be checked for services and needs to be
isolated.
12. Provide with adequate PPE such as hard hats, steel toe shoes, high visibility
vests and ear protection etc.
13. Safe access by ladders needs to be provided with sufficient crossing points for
both people and vehicles.
14. Whenever possible excavation should be covered.
15. Ensure the excavation is inspected before the start of the job, subsequent to any
adverse weather conditions or subsequent to any event that could be destabilize the
excavation, fall of rocks, vibrating equipments.

GC2 ELEMENT 2
1. Identify the reasons why the vehicles might overturn?
1. Driver error (eg: driving too fast).
2. Environmental condition (eg: mud on the road).
3. Mechanical failure (eg: brake fail).
4. Cornering whilst being driven too fast
5. Uneven loading.
6. Driving over potholes.
7. Driving with load elevated, especially cornering
8. Uneven tire pressure
9. Driving across a slope
10. Hard braking or sudden braking.
11. Collision especially with kerbs.

2. Outline the control measures that may be taken where the segregation of the
pedestrians in not Practicable?
Control

measures

to

protect

pedestrians

when

segregation

is

not

practicable include:
1. Provision of pedestrian crossing points such as zebra crossing points.
2. Use of flashing beacons on the vehicles.
3. Provision of audible reversing alarms on vehicles to warn reversing operations.
4. Use of banks men to assist the operator when reversing and to ensure
pedestrians are not present when vehicles are not moving.
5. Use of trained and competent drivers.
6. Use of restricted vehicles operating at reduced speeds or if not possible speed
limits are enforced.
7. Ensuring good all round visibility with adequate lighting and mirrors to minimize
blind spots.

3. Identify the precautions to be taken when leaving a forklift truck

unattended?
1. Ensure that the fork truck is parked in a designated parking area.
2. Park the vehicle away from other vehicle on a firm and level surface.
3. Do not obstruct the traffic, pedestrian routes, access, emergency routes or
firefighting equipments.
4. Lower the forks to rest on the floor and tilt the mast slightly forward.
5. Apply the hand brakes.

6. Put the controls in neutral Position.

7. Turn off the ignition and remove keys.
8. Handover keys to a responsible person.

GC2 ELEMENT 3
1. Identify the injuries caused due to improper manual handling;
1) Slipped disc / prolapse disc.
2) Strains and sprains (ligaments & tendons)
3) Cuts, fractures, lacerations, bruise
4) Hernia
5) Trapped nerves

2. Identify factors that would need to be considered when accessing the risk of
manual handling? (OR)

Outline the factors to be considered when

undertaking a manual handling assessment of the work undertaken by

baggage handlers in a very busy airport.
I. Load
The load must be carefully assessed to find: 1. If the load is too heavy. The maximum load that an individual can lift depends on
the capability of the individual and position of the load from the body.
2. is the load too bulky or unwieldy. In general if any of the load dimensions exceeds
0.75 meters its handling is likely to pose a risk injury.
3. Is the load difficult to grasp. Grip difficulties will be caused by slippery surfaces,
round corners or lack of foot room.
4. Is the load unstable or the contents of the load likely to shift? This is a particular
problem when the load is a container full of smaller items such as nuts &bolts.
5. Is the load sharp, hot and cold? PPE will be required to deal with such load.
II. Individual
The capability of the individual to lift or carry the load will depend on following
factors:
1. Does the task require unusual characteristics of the individual eq:- Height,
strength etc. It is important to note that the general manual handling ability and
strength depends on age, gender, state of health and fitness.
2. Are the employees who might reasonably considered to be pregnant or to have
health problem put at risk by the task.
3. Physical stature of the individual. Is the person obese or slender?
4. The level of training that may be required to perform the manual handling in a safe
manner.
5. Perception of risk How individual perceives risk associated with manual
handling.
III. Task

The factors to be considered with respect to task:

1. Is the load held at a distance from the trunk? The farther from the trunk, the more
difficult it is to control the load and stress imposed on the back is greater.
2. Is a satisfactory body postures being adopted? Feet firm on ground and slightly
apart and there should be no twisting, stooping at the trunk.
3. Is it required to carry or lift the load to excessive distances greater than 10m? The
physical demands of carrying the load will dominate the operation.
4. Is there excusive pulling or pushing of the load. The state of the floor surfaces and
the footwear of the individual should be noted so that slips and trips may be avoided.
5. Is there a risk of sudden movement of the load? The load may be restricted or
jammed in some way.
6. Is frequent or prolonged physical effort required? Frequent & prolonged tasks can
lead to fatigue and greater risk of injury.
7. Are there sufficient rest or recovery periods, breaks and changing of tasks enable
the body to recover more easily from strenuous activities?
8. Is there an imposed rate of work on the task? This is a particular problem with
some automated processer.
IV. Environment
The factors associated with the environment includes:
1. Inadequate or excess of lighting, possible space constrains.
2. The condition of the floor services which may be slippery or uneven.
3. The temperature at which manual handling is performed and the weather
conditions.
4. Variations of the levels of surface.

3. Hazards associated with cranes?

1. Over turning of the cranes.
2. Overloading of the crane beyond its SWL.
3. The jib of the crane striking against adjacent structures during operation.
4. The load or a part of it falling.
5. The load striking against objects or people while being moved from one place to
other.
6. Coming in contact with overhead electric lines or obstruction.

4. Outline the precautions to be taken for the safe use of a mobile crane?
1. Ensure that the load to be lifted is within the safe working load (SWL) of the crane.

2. Carefully sitting the crane on even, stable ground in a safe position away from the
structures or overheads that might be struck during the lifting operations.
3.

The

outriggers

should

be

fully

extended

and

used

correctly.

4. Checking that the crane has been maintained and thorough examination is carried
out

in

accordance

with

the

legal

requirements.

5. Restrict the use of crane to trained and competent operators only.

6. Ensure that each lift is planned and supervised by a competent person.
7.

Ensure

that

the

operator

and

slinger

are

competent.

8. Provide with a banks men to give directions to the crane operator with a good
means of

communication

between the

operator and the

other

persons.

9. Ensure that safety devices such as over load indicators are operational and are
used correctly.
10. Check that there are no obstructions such as buildings or overhead electric lines
in the area of the lift.
11. Lift the load as close as possible to the ground, never drag the loads.
12. Never lift the load over people.
13.

Check

the

weather

conditions

and

adhere

to

the

manufactures

recommendations.
14. Use signs to warn the operators and exclude the personnel from the area.
15. Provide adequate PPE.

5. A conveyor system is used in a factory to transfer the goods to a warehouse

area. Outline the control measures to be taken to reduce the risk of injury to
workers from conveyor (OR) Identify hazards in conveyor belts?
1. The n-running nip points where a hand is trapped between the rotating rollers and
the belt Protection from this hazard can provided with nip guards and trip devices.
2. Entanglement with the power drive requiring the fitting of the fixed guards and
restriction of loose clothing, long hair and jewellery.
3. Loads falling from the conveyor, edge guards and barriers can avoid this.
4. Impact against overhead systems - protection against this hazard may be given by
the use of bump caps.
5. Contact hazards prevented by the removal of sharp edges, conveyor edge
protection and restricted access.
6. Manual handling hazards which can be prevented by the use of mechanical aids.
7. Noise hazards, which can be prevented or controlled by regular maintenance of
moving parts and also by providing adequate hearing protection.

GC2 ELEMENT 4
1. Outline the principles of the safe use of hand held power tools?
1. Do not hold the tool by its cord.
2. Never pull the cord to disconnect the tool from the power source.
3. Maintain a clean and tidy work area that is well lit and free of obstructions
3. Carry out a pre use check before the use of equipment.
4. Necessary guards and safety devices such as fuse & RCDs should be used.
5. Prevent too long or too short cables to reduce the chances of trip hazards and in
some
6.

cases

Ensure

that

damage

the

cords

are

to
away

from

the
the

tool.

sources

of

heat.

7. Keep the observers or spectators away from work activities and maintain a safe
distance.
8.

Ensure

that

unauthorized

people

does

not

use

the

tool.

9. Protect against electrical shocks, if electrically powered and avoiding body contact
with

grounded

objects

such

as

pipes

etc.

10. Maintain a good posture with proper footing and balance.

11. Care should be taken to prevent the hazards associated with the ejected
particles.
12. The work piece should be securely clamped to prevent any accident
movements.
13. Wear appropriate PPE and clothing
14. Disconnect the tool whenever not in use.
15. Report any damages of tools to the concerned person.

2. Mechanical Hazards: 1. Entanglement -Machinery that grips loose clothing, long hair or working material
such as an emery paper around the revolving parts of machinery. The smaller the
diameter of the part of machinery the easier it is to get entangled.
2. Trapping or drowning- between in-running gear wheels or rollers or rotating belts
and pulley drives.
3. Shearing - shearing which traps a body part, typically hands or fingers between
the moving and fixed parts of the machine.
4. Impact - Impact is caused when moving part directly hits or strikes a person such
as accidentally being hit by a moving part. Eg- a robotic arm during maintenance.
5. Crushing - Crushing is being trapped between moving part of the machine and a
fixed structure such as a wall or any stationery component of the machine.

6. Stabbing or Puncture is caused thought ejection of particles where sharp parts

of the machine or the material ejected out from the machine, enters into the body.
7. Friction or abrasion - is due to coming in contact with abrasive parts of the
machine such as grinding wheels or sanding belts.
8. Cutting/ severing - is through contact with sharp cutting edges such as a blade
saw or a cutting disk.
9. Ejections-high pressure fluid ejections caused due to fluid at very high pressure
ejects out of the machine and penetrates through the body.

3. Hazards associated with photocopies?

1. Contact with moving parts when clearing jams.
2. Possible entanglement with in-feed rollers or rotating parts during maintenance.
3. Possible drawing in with in-feed rollers during maintenance.
4. Possible electrical hazards such as shocks, burns and fire during clearing the
jams, maintaining the machine or though poorly maintained plugs and wiring.
5. Burns due to hot parts during clearing the jam.
6. Health hazards from ozone or lack of ventilation in the area.
Precautions:1. The machines are provided with an all-enclosing case, which prevents access to
interval moving parts, or hot parts.
2. The access doors are interlocked so that the machine is automatically switched off
when giving access to the internal parts to clear a jam or maintain the machine.
3. Internal electrics are insulated and protected to prevent any contact.
4. Regular maintenance.
5. The machine should be on PAT schedule.
6. Good ventilation in the machine room should he maintained.

4. Hazards associated with document shredder?

1. Drawing in between the rotating cutter when feeding in paper into the
shredder.
2. Contact with the rotating cutter when emptying the waste bin or clearing the jam.
3. Possible electrical hazards such as shock fire due to faulty plugs and wiring or
during maintenance.
4. Possible noise from the cutting action of the blades.
5. Possible dust from the cutting action.
Precautions: -

1. Enclose the fixed guards; surround the cutters with restricted access for paper
only, which prevents fingers reaching the dangerous parts.
2. Interlocks are fitted to the cutter head so that the machine is switched off
whenever waste bin is being emptied
3. A trip device is used, to start the machine automatically when the paper is fed in.
4. The machine should he on a PAT schedule and regularly checked.
5. General Ventilation will control most of the dust hazards except for very large
machines, where dust extractors might be required.
6. Noise levels should be checked and the equipment should be placed on rubber
mat so that certain level of noise is reduced.

5. Hazards associated with bench top grinder?

1. Contact with rotating wheels causing abrasion
2. Drawing in between the rotating wheel and the poorly adjusted tool rest.
3. Bursting of abrasive wheels, ejections of fragments causing punctures.
4. Possible fragments given off during the process causing eye injuries and facial
punctures.
5. Electrical hazards such as shocks and burns due to faulty wiring or earthing or
during maintenance.
6. Hot fragments given off during the process to cause fire or burns.
7. Noise produced during the grinding process.
8. Possible health hazards from the dust particles or fumes given off during the
process.
9. Entanglement with the rotating drive especially when fitting abrasive wheel or
during removal.

Precautions:
1. Wheels should be enclosed as much as possible in a strong casing capable of
withstanding a burst wheel.
2. Grinder should he bolted to prevent movement during operation.
3. An adjustable tool rest should be properly fitted as close as possible to the wheel.
4. Adjustable screen should be fitted on the wheel to protect eyes of the operator.
Goggles must also be worn.
5. Restrict the use to the competent person only and only the registered person
should change or replace the wheel.
6. The speed of the wheel and the machine should be marked and the speed of the
wheel should always exceed the maximum speed of the machine.

6. Hazards associated with pedestal drill machine?

1. Entanglement around the rotating spindle and chuck.
2. Contact with the cutting drill or work piece.
3. Being struck by the work piece if it rotates
4. Being cut or punctured by fragments ejected from the rotating spindle and cutting
device.
5. Drawing in to the rotating drive belt and pulley during maintenance.
6. Contact and entanglement with the rotating motor.
7. Electrical hazards such as shocks and burns due to faulty wiring or earthing or
during maintenance.
8. Possible health hazards from cutting fluids (coolants) causing skin disorders much
as dermatitis.
9. Burns from the hot work piece or the drill bit.
Precautions:
1. Motor and drive should he fitted with a fixed guard.
2. Machine should he bolted down to present movement.
3. The Spindle should he guarded by an adjustable guard which is fixed in position
during the work.
4. A clamp should be available on the pedestal base to secure work pieces.
5. The machine should be on the PAT schedule.
6. Cutting fluids if used should be contained and not allowed to get on to clothes and
skin.
7. Routine inspection or maintenance should be carried out.
7. Hazard associated with cylinder Mover?
1. Cutting from contact with the rotating blades.
2. Contact and entanglement of the moving parts of the drive motor.
3. Drawing in between chain and sprocket mechanism
4. Impact and cutting injuries from the machine starting accidentally.
5. Possible noise hazards from the drive motor.
6. Fires due to the use of flammable fuels such as petrol.
7. Electrical hazards such as burn and shocks.
8. Possible health hazards from cutting grass. Eg- hay fever or exhaust fumes.
Precautions:
1. Provide with fixed guards on the drive mechanism.
2. On pedestrian controlled machines, the control handle should automatically stop
the blade rotation whenever the operators hands are removed.
3. It should take 02 separate actions to restart.

4. Ride on machines should be fitted with a device to automatically stop the blades
when the operator leaves the operating position.
5. Drives and motors should be completely enclosed.
6. The machine should only be refueled in open air with cool engine.
7. Hot surfaces like the exhaust should be covered.

8. Hazards associated with strimmer or brush cutter

1. Entanglement with the rotating parts of the motor and the shaft.
2. Cutting from contact with cutting head or cutting line.
3. Electrical hazards due to contact with buried or hidden electrical cables.
4. Eye or face puncture wounds from ejected particles.
5. Possible noise hazards from the drive motor and cutting action.
6. Vibration hazards causing vibration at fingers causing finger blanching.
7. Musculoskeletal disorders due to carrying the machine while operating.
8. Health hazards due to animal faeces.
9. Burns due to coming in contact with hot parts of the engine.
9. Hazards associated with chainsaw
1) Severe cuts due to contact with high speed cutting chain.
2) Kickback due to the contact of the top front corner end of the chain being kicked
upwards particularly the face.
3) Pull in when the chain is caught and saw is pulled forward.
4) Push back when the chain is caught and saw is pushed outwards.
5) Burns due to hot parts of engine.
6) High levels of noise
7) Health hazards due to the engine fumes and wood dust.
8) Eye and face punctures from ejected particles.
9) Musculoskeletal disorders due to the supporting of the weight of the chain saw
while operating.
10) Coming in contact with overhead electric lines especially when working at height.
10. Hazards associated with cement/ concrete mixer?
1) Contact and entanglement with the moving parts of drive motor.
2) Crushing between the hopper and the drum.
3) Drawing in between the chain and sprocket drives.
4) Burns due to hot parts of the engine.
5) Eye injuries from splashing cement slurry.
6) Possible health hazards from the cement dust and cement slurry while handling.

7) Electrical hazards such as burns and shocks due to faulty wiring or earthing or
during maintenance.
8) Possible noise hazards during operation, especially due to the aggregate rotating
in the drum.
Precautions:
1. Operating position for the hopper hoist should be designed so that anyone in the
trapping area is visible to the operator.
2. Drives and rotating parts should be enclosed.
3. Location of the mixer on firm, level ground.
4. No one should be allowed to stand on the machine whenever it is in motion.
5. Care should be taken with flammable liquids and fuelling.
6. Machines should only be operated in open air.
7. Electrically operated machines should be regularly checked and on PAT schedule.
11. Hazards associated with bench mounted circular saw?
1) Cutting when coming in contact with the cutting blades above and below the
bench.
2) Ejection of the work piece.
3) Drawing in between the chain and sprocket or the v belt drives.
4) Contact and entanglement with the moving parts of the drive motor.
5) Likely noise hazards from the cutting action and motor.
6) Health hazards from wood dust given off during cutting.
7) Electrical hazards such as shocks and burns due to faulty wiring, earthing.
8) Eye injuries due to the ejected work pieces.
9) Fire due to the combustible wood dust.
10. Fire due to overheated blades caused from excessive friction and abrasions of
the cutting blades.

12. Types of Guards

Fixed Guard: - A fixed guard is attached to the machine by using screws or other
devices

that

requires

tool

for

its

removal.

The

principle

of

fixed

guard are, it completely prevents access to the dangerous parts of the

machinery.it is fixed at one place and fixings require a tool for removing.
Interlocking guards: The guards that disengage the power whenever they are out of
position.
Automatic guards: - The guards that operate as the machine goes through the
operational cycle.

Trip Devices: - These do not create any physical barrier between the operator and
the dangerous parts, however they are some form of sensors that detects presence
of operator and shuts down the power.
Adjustable Guards & self-adjustable guards:-Adjustable guards can be set by the
operator depending on the nature of work piece and operation being carried out.
Self-adjustable guards are spring-loaded and adjust itself based on the specifications
and dimension of the work piece.
Two hand control devices-These work on the principle that the controls
must be activated or pressed simultaneously to engage the power to the machine.

13. Safe Guarding Devices:Protection appliances Protection appliances are pieces of equipment to allow the
operation to keep their hands away from the dangers of machinery. These include
jigs, push sticks etc.
Emergency Stop Controls These are the buttons or pull cords which instantly
disengages the power whenever they are pressed during emergency situation.
PPE refers to equipment or clothing, which protects the person from occupational
injuries and ill health.