CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM : B (x2 , y2)

Rectangular Co-ordinate System : Let X' OX
and Y'OY be two mutually perpendicular lines
through any point O in the plane of the pa- A (x1 , y1)
per. Point O is known as the origin. The line Note :
X'OX is called the x -axis or axis of x ; the 1. Distance is always positive. Therefore, we
line Y'OY is known as the y-axis or axis of y, often write AB instead of |AB|.
and the two lines taken together are called 2. The distance of a point P (x, y) from the ori-
the co-ordinates axes or the axes of co-ordi-
nates. gin x 2 y 2
3. The distance between two polar co-ordinates
Y A (r1 , 1 ) and B (r2, 2 ) is given by
3 AB r12 r 2 2 2r1r2cos(1 2 )
II 2 I
Quadrant Quadrant Application of Distance Formulae :
1 (i) For given three points A, B, C to decide
(-.,+) (+,+)
whether they are collinear or vertices of a
X X particular triangle. After finding AB, BC and
-3 -2 -1 0 CA we shall find that the points are :
-1 Collinear - (a) If the sum of any two distances
III IV
Quadrant -2 Quadrant is equal to the third
(+,-) i.e. AB + BC = CA. or AB + CA = BC
(-,-) -3
or BC + CA = AB
(b) If are of ABC is zero
Y
(c) If slope of AB = slope of BC = slope of CA.
Vertices of an equilateral triangle if AB = BC
= CA
Vertices of an isosceles triangle if AB = BC
Signs of or BC = CA or CA = AB.
Quad- Nature of X
Region co-ordin- Vertices of a right angled triangle if AB2 +
rant and Y
ate
BC2 = CA2 etc.
XOY I x > 0, y > 0 (+, +) (ii) For given four points A,B,C,D :
AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD ABCD is a
YOX' II x < 0, y > 0 (- , +) square.
X'OY' III x < 0, y < 0 (-, -) AB = BC = CD = DA and AC BD ABCD is
a rhombus.
Y'OX IV x > 0, y < 0 (+, -) AB = CD, BC = DA and AC = BD ABCD is a
recatangle.
Note - Any point lying on x-axis or y-axis does AB = CD, BC = DA and AC BD ABCD is a
not lie in any quadrant. parallelogram.
Any point can be represented on the plane Note :
described by the co-ordinate axes by specify- The four given points are collinear, if Area of
ing its x and y co-ordinates. qaudrilateral ABCD is zero.
The x -co-ordinate of the point is also known
Diagonals of square, rhombus, rectangle and
as the abscissa while the y-coordinate is also
parallelogram always bisect each-other.
known as the ordinate.
Distance Formula : The distance two point Diagonals of rhombus and square bisect each
other at right angle.
A (x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by
Section Formuale :
AB x 2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2 1.The co-ordinates of a point P(x ,y), dividing
the line segment joining the two points
A(x1,y1) and B (x 2, y2) internally in the ratio
m1 : m2 are given by

1
 m1x 2 m2 x1 m y m2 y1 Some Important Points in a Triangle :
x ,y 1 2 Centroid : If (x1, y1), (x2 , y2) and (x3, y3) are the
m1 m2 m1 m2
vertices of a triangle, then the co-ordinates
of its centroid are -
m2 B (x2 , y2)
AP m1 x1 x 2 x 3 y1 y 2 y 3
m1 ,
BP m 2 P(x, y) 3 3
A (x1, y1) Incentre : If A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3)
2. The co-ordinate of the point P(x, y), dividing are the vertices of a ABC s.t. BC = a, CA = b
the line segment joining the two points A(x1, and AB = c, then the co-ordinates of its
y1) and B (x 2, y2) externally in the ratio m1:m2 incentre are
are given by
m1x 2 m 2 x1 m y m 2 y1 A (x1 ,y1)
x ,y 1 2
m1 m 2 m1 m 2

P (x, y)
AP m1
B (x2, y2)
BP m 2 c b
A (x1 , y1)
3. The co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line
segment joining the two points A(x1, y1) and
B (x 2, y2) are given by
x1 x 2 y1 y 2 B a C
, (x 2 ,y2) (x3 ,y3)
2 2
B (x2, y2)
ax1 bx 2 cx 3 ay1 by 2 cy 3
,
P (x, y) abc abc
A (x1 , y1) Circumcentre : If A(x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C(x3
Division by Axes : If P (x1, x2) and Q (x2, y2), , y3) are the vertices of a ABC , then the co-
then PQ is divided by ordinates of its circumcentre are
y1 x1 sin2A x 2 sin 2B x 3 sin 2C
(i) x - axis in the ratio = y ,
2 sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C

x1 y1 sin2A y 2 sin 2B y 3 sin 2C

(ii) y - axis in the ratio = x
2 sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C
Division by a Line : A line ax + by + c = 0 Orthocentre : Co-ordinates of orthocentre are
ax1 by1 c x1 tanA x 2 tan B x 3 tan C
divides PQ in the ratio = ,
ax 2 by 2 c tan A tan B tan C
Area of a triangle : The area of a triangle y1 tanA y 2 tan B y 3 tan C
ABC whose vertices are (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and
tan A tan B tan C
C(x3 , y3) is denoted by .
Note :
x1 y1 1 If the traingle is equilateral, then centroid,
1
x2 y2 1 incentre, orthocentre, circumcentre coin-
2 x3 y3 1 cides.
Orthocentre, centroid and circumcentre are
1
x1 y 2 y 3 x 2 y 3 y1 x 3 y1 y 2 always collinear and centroid divides the line
2 joining orthocentre and circumcentre in the
Area of Polygon : The area of the polygon ratio 2 : 1.
whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2),......(xn , yn) In an isosceles triangle centroid,
is - orthocentre, incentre, circumcentre lies on
1 x1 y 2 x 2 y1 x 2 y 3 x 3 y 2 ....... the same line.
Incentre divides the angles bisectors in the
2 ................ x n y1 x1 y n
ratio (b + c) : a, (c + a) : b, (a + b) : c.

2
 Area of the triangle formed by co-ordinate Slope (Gradient) of a Line :
axes and the line a x + b y + c = 0 a
m tan
c2 b
is
2ab
a c
Straight Line : A straight line is a curve { ax + by + c = 0 y x
such that every point on the line segment b b
joining any two points on it lies on it. a
Different Forms of the Equations of a y = mx + c, where m and c is a con-
b
Straight Line :
(a) General Form : The general Form of the stant }
equation of a straight line is ax + by + c = 0 Here m is called the slope or gradient of a
(First degree equation in x and y). Where a, b line and c is the intercept on y-axis. The slope
and c are real constants and a, b are not si- of a line is always measured in
multaneously equal to zero. anticlockwise.
In this equation, slope of the line is given
Y
a
by
. Y
b
The general form is also given by y = mx + c ; B
where m is the slope and c is the intercept B
on y-axis. X X X
(b) Line Parallel to the X-axis : The equation X A O A
of a straight line to the x -axis and at a dis- Y
tance b from it, is given by y = b
Obviously, the equation of the x-axis is y = 0 Y
(c) Line Parallel to Y-axis : The equation of a Slope of a line in terms of co-ordinates any
straight line parallel to the y-axis and at a
two points on it :-
distance a from is given by x = a
obviously, the equation of y-axis is x = 0 If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are co-ordinates of
(d) Slope Intercept Form : The equation of a any two points on a line, then its slope is
striaght line passing through the point A(x1,y1) y 2 y1 Difference of ordinates
and having a slope m is given by m
(y - y1) = m (x - x1) x 2 x1 Difference of abscissa
(e) Two Points Form : The equation of a Angle between two lines :
straight line passing through two points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by m - m1
tan 2
y 2 y1 1 m1m 2
(y - y1) x - x1
x 2 x1
Y C B
y 2 y1
Its slope (m) =
x 2 x1
(e) Intercept Form : The equation of a straight
line making intercepts a and b on the axes
of x and y respectively is given by
x y X
1 O
a b
A D
Y
Condition of Parallellism of lines : If the
slopes of two lines is m1 and m2 and if they
are parallel, then,
B m1 m2
Y-intercept

Length of Perpendicular it y or Distance of

a Point from a Line : The length of perpen-
dicular from a given point (x1, y1) to a line
ax + by + c = 0 is :
A
X
O X-intercept ax1 by1 c
a 2 b2
Note : The length of Perpendicular from the t

3
 origin to the line ax + by + c = 0 is given by Exercise
c
--------------- LEVEL - 1 ----------------
a 2 b2
Distance between two Parallel Lines : If two
lines are parallel, the distance between them 1. The point (5, 7) lies in the quadrant :
will always be the same. (a) First (b) Second
When two straight lines are parallel (c) Third (d) Fourth
whose equations are ax + by + c1 = 0 and 2. The point (7, 5) lies in the quadrant :
ax + by + c2 = 0, then the distance between (a) First (b) Second
(c) Third (d) Fourth
c1 c 2
them is given by . 3. Find the distance between the points (6,2)
a 2 b2 and (2 , 4) :
Changes of Axes : If origin (0, 0) is shifted to (a) 2 17 (b) 4 17
(h, k) then the coordinates of the point (x, y)
(c) 2 5 (d) 10
referred to the old axes and (X, Y) referred to
the new axes can be related with the rela- 4. The distance between the points A(b,o) and
tion B (0, a) is :
x = X + h and y = Y + k (a) (b)
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
y (c) a b (d) a + b
Y 5. The distance between the points A (7, 4)
and B(3, 1) is :
(h,k)
X (a) 6 units (b) 3 units
(c) 4 units (d) 5 units
6. The co-ordinates of point situated on x-axis
x at a distance of 5 units from y-axis is :
O
(a) (0, 5) (b) (5, 0)
(c) (5, 5) (d) (5, 5)
7. The co-ordinates of a point situated on y-
Point of Intersection of Two Lines : Point of
axis at a distance of 7 units from x -axis is
intersection of two lines can be obtained by
:
solving the equations as simultaneous equa-
(a) (0, 7) (b) (7, 0)
tions.
(c) (7, 7) (d) (7, 7)
If the given equations of straight line are 8. The co-ordinates of a point below x-axis at
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, then a distance of 6 units from x -axis but lying
(i) The angle between the lines is given by on y-axis is :
a2b1 a1b2 (a) (0, 6) (b) (6, 0)
tan (c) (0, 6) (d) (6, 6)
a1a2 + b1b2
9. The distance of the point (6, 8) from the
(ii) If the lines are parallel, then origin is :
a1 b (a) 2 units (b) 14 units
a2b1 a1b2 = 0 or 1 (c) 7 units (d) 10 units
a2 b2
10. The point of intersection of the lines 2x +
(iii) If the lines are perpendicular, then 7y = 1 and 4x + 5y = 11 is :
a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 (a) (4, 1) (b) (2, 3)
a1 b c (c) (1, 4) (d) (4, 2)
(iv) Coincident : 1 1 11. The line 4x + 7y = 12 meets x -axis at the
a2 b2 c2
point :
Angle between lines (a) (3, 1) (b) (0, 3)
x cos + y sin = P1 and (c) (3, 0) (d) (4, 0)
x cos + y sin = P2 is | | 12. The line 4x 9y = 11 meets y-axis at the
point :
11 11
(a) , 0 (b) 0,
9 9

11 11
(c) 0, (d) 0,
4 4
13. The slope of the line 3x + 7y + 8 = 0 is :
4
 (a) 3 (b) 7 (a) parallel (b) perpendicualr
(c) coincident (d) intersecting
3 3
(c) (d)
7 7
--------------- LEVEL - 2 ----------------
14. The slope of the line joining P(4, 7) and
Q(2, 3) is :
1. If the distance of the point P(x, y) from
2 2 A(a, 0) is a + x, then y2 = ?
(a) (b)
3 3 (a) 2 ax (b) 4ax
(c) 6ax (d) 8ax
3 3 2. If the point (x, y) is equidistant from the
(c) (d)
2 2 points (a + b, b a) and (ab, a + b) then bx
15. The equation of a line parallel to x -axis at =?
a distance of 6 units and above x -axis is : (a) a2y (b) ay2
(a) x = 6 (b) y = 6x (c) ay (d) a2 y2
(c) x = 6y (d) y = 6 3. If the sum of the square of the distance of
16. The equation of a line parallel to y -axis at the point (x, y) from the point (a, 0) and (a,
a distance of 5 units to the left of y-axis, is 0) is 2b2, then :
: (a) x2 + a2 = b2 + y2 (b) x2 + a2 = 2b2 y2
(a) y = 5 (b) x = 5 (c) x2 a2 = b2 + y2 (d) x2 + a2 = b2 y2
(c) x + 5y = 0 (d) y + 5x = 0 4. P ( 4, a) and Q(2, a + 4) are two points and
17. The equation of a line parallel to x -axis the co-ordinates of the middle point of PQ
and at a distance of 7 units below x -axis are (1, 4). The value of a is :
is : (a) 0 (b) 2
(a) y = 7 (b) x = 7 (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) x = 7 (d) y = 7x 5. If the points P(2, 3), Q(5, a) and R(6, 7) are
18. The area of the triangle whose vertices are collinear, the value of a is :
P (4, 5), Q(3, 8) and R (3, 4), (in square (a) 5/2 (b) 4/3
units) is : (c) 6 (d) 5
6. The equation of a line parallel to x-axis and
1
(a) 66 (b) 16 passing through ( 6 , 5 ) is :
2 (a) y = 5 (b) x = 6
(c) 33 (d) 35 (c) y = 5x (d) y = 6x 5
19. The points A(0, 0), B(0, 3) and C(4, 0) are 7. The equation of a line parallel to y-axis and
the vertices of a triangle which is : passing through (2 , 5 ) is :
(a) Isosceles (b) Right angled (a)x = 2 (b) y = 5
(c) Equilateral (d) None of these (c) y = 2x (d) x = 5y
20. The co-ordinates of the centroid of PQR 8. Two vertices of a triangle PQR are P(1, 0)
with vertices P(2, 0), Q(9, 3) and R (8, 3) and Q(5, 2) and its centroid is (4, 0). The
is : co-ordinates of R are :
(a) (8, 2) (b) (8, 2)
19
(a) (1, 0) (b) ,0 (c) (8, 2) (d) (8, 2)
3 9. The co-ordinates of the point of intersec-
(c) (0, 5) (d) (5, 0) tion of the medians of a triangle with ver-
21. The equation of a line passing through the tices P(0, 6), Q(5, 3) and R(7, 3) are :
points A (0, 3) and B(5, 2) is : (a) (4, 5) (b) (3, 4)
(a) x + y + 3 = 0 (b) x + y 3 = 0 (c) (4, 4) (d) (5, 4)
(c) x y + 3 = 0 (d) x y 3 = 0 10. The ratio in which the line segment join-
22. The length of perpendicular from the ori- ing A(3, 5) and B(5, 4) is divided by x-axis
gin to the line 12x + 5y + 7 = 0 is : is :
(a) 2 units (b) 1 unit (a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4
7 7 (c) 5 : 7 (d) 6 : 5
(c) units (d) units 11. The ratio in which the line segment join-
13 11
ing P(3, 7) and Q (7, 5) is divided by y-axis
23. The angle which the line joining the points is :

3 ,1 and 15 ,
5 makes with xaxis is (a) 3 : 7 (b) 4 : 7
: (c) 3 : 5 (d) 4 : 5
(a) 30 (b) 45 10
(c) 60 (d) 90 12. The ratio in which the point P 1, di-
3
24. The lines whose equations are 2x 5y + 7
vides the join of the point A(3, 2) and B(3,
= 0 and 8x 20y + 28 = 0 are :

5
 4) is : 3. The equation of a line passing through the
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 point (5, 3) and parallel to the line 2x 5y +
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1 3 = 0, is :
13. The equation of a line with slope 5 and (a) 2x 5y 7 = 0 (b) 2x 5y + 5 = 0
passing through the point (4, 1) is : (c) 2x 2y + 5 = 0 (d) 2x 5y = 0
(a) y = 5x + 21 (b) y = 5x 21 4. The sides PQ, QR, RS and SP of a quadrilat-
(c) 5y = x + 21 (d) 5y = x 21 eral have the equations x + 2y = 3, x = 1,
14. The value of a so that the lines x + 3y 8 = x 3y = 4, 5x + y + 12 = 0 respectively, then
0 and ax + 12y + 5 = 0 are parallel is : the angle between the diagonals PR and QS
(a) 0 (b) 1 is :
(c) 4 (d) 4 (a) 30 (b) 45
15. The value of P for which the lines 3x + 8y + (c) 60 (d) 90
9 = 0 and 24x + py + 19 = 0 are 5. The equations of two equal sides of an isos-
perpendicualar is : celes triangle are 7x y + 3 = 0 and x + y
(a) 12 (b) 9 3 = 0 and its third side passes through the
(c) 11 (d) 9 point (1, 10). The equation of the third side
16. The value of a so that line joining P(2, 5) is :
and Q (0, 7) and the line joining A (4, 2) (a) x 3y 31 = 0 but not x 3y 31 = 0
and B(8, a) are perpendicular to each other (b) neither 3x + y + 7 = 0 nor x 3y 31 = 0
is : (c) 3x + y + 7 = 0 or x 3y 31 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 5 (d) 3x + y + 7 = 0 but not x 3y 31 = 0
(c) 1 (d) 0 6. If P1 and P2 be perpendicular from the ori-
17. The angle between the lines represented gin upon the straight lines x sec + y
by the equations 2y 12 x 9 = 0 and 3y cosec = a and x cos y sin = a cos 2
x + 7 = 0, is : respectively, then the value of 4 P12 P22 is
(a) 30 (b) 45
:
1 (a) a2 (b) 2a2
(c) 60 (d) 22
2 (c) (d) 3a2
2 a2
18. If P(3, 5), Q (4, 5) and R(4, 6) be any three
7. Find the equation of the line passing
points, the angle between PQ and PR is :
through the point (2, 2) and cutting off in-
(a) 30 (b) 45
tercepts on the axes whose sum is 9 ?
(c) 60 (d) 90
(a) x + 2y 6 = 0 but not 2x + y 6 = 0
19. Given a PQR with vertices P (2, 3), Q ( 3, (b) neither x + 2y 6 = 0 nor 2x + y 6 = 0
7) and R ( 1, 3). The equation of median (c) 2x + y 6 = 0 but not x + 2y 6 = 0
PM is : (d) x + 2y 6 = 0 or 2x + y 6 = 0
(a) x y + 10 = 0 (b) x 4y 10 = 0
(c) x 4y + 10 = 0 (d) None of these
20. The co-ordinates of the point P which di-
11 21
vides the join of A(3, 2) and B , in LEVEL - 1
2 2
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)
the ratio 2 : 3 are :
5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c)
(a) (4, 3) (b) (4, 5)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
5 3 7 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (b)
(c) 4, (d) , 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (d)
2 2 2
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c)
--------------- LEVEL - 3 ----------------
LEVEL - 2
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b)
1. The length of the portion of the straight line 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b)
8x + 15y = 120 intercepted between the 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (c)
axes is : 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (d)
(a) 14 units (b) 15 units 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
(c) 16 units (d) 17 units
2. The equation of the line passing through LEVEL - 3
the point (1, 1) and perpendicular to the line 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d)
3x + 4y 5 = 0, is : 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d)
(a) 3x + 4y 7 = 0 (b) 3x + 4y + k = 0
(c) 3x 4y 1 = 0 (d) 4x 3y + 1 = 0

6
Hints and Solutions :
3 8
LEVEL - 1 y x
7 7
1. (b)
The point (5, 7) lies in the second quad- 3
rant. Slope of the line is
7
2. (d)
14. (a)
The point (7, 5) lies in the fourth quad-
rant.
3. (a) y 2 y1 37 4 2
Slope of PQ
Distance between two points x 2 x 1 2 4 6 3
x 2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2 15. (d)
Clearly; the equation of the line is, y = 6
here (x1, y1) = (6, 2) and (x2, y2) (2, 4)
16. (b)
Required distance = Clearly, the equation of the line is, x = 5
6 22 2 42 17. (a)
Clearly, the equation of the line is y = 7
64 4 68 2 17 unit
4. (b) 18. (c)
1
AB b 0 2 0 a 2 b 2 a 2 x1 y2 y3 x2 y3 y1 x3 y1 y2
2
a 2 b2 1
5. (d) 44 8 3 4 5 35 8
2
AB2 = (7 3)2 + (4 1)2 = 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
1
AB = 25 5 units 66 33 sq. units
6. (b) 2
Clearly, the point of x -axis has ordinate 0 19. (b)
and abscissa 5.
AB 0 0 2 0 3 2 3
So, the point is (5, 0)
7. (a)
Clearly, the point on y-axis has abscissa 0.
AC 4 02 0 02 4
So, the point is (0, 7)
8. (c)
and BC 4 0 2 0 32 5
Clearly, the point is (0, 6) AB2 + AC2 = BC2
9. (d) ABC is a right angled triangle.
Required distance = 6 0 2 8 0 2
B (0, 3)
36 64 100 10 units
10. (a)
2x + 7y = 1 ........ (i)
4x + 5y = 11 ......(ii) A C (4,0)
on solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 4 and y = (0, 0)
1
20. (d)
Required point of intersection = (4, 1)
11. (c) The co-ordinates of the centroid of PQR
Equation of x-axis is y = 0 are -
put y = 0 in 4x + 7y = 12 we get x = 3
2 9 8 0 3 3
Required point = (3, 0) , 5, 0
3 3
12. (b)
Equation of y-axis is x = 0 21. (a)
The required equation is
11
put x = 0 in 4x 9y = 11 we get y = 23
9 y 3 x 0
5 0
11 y+3=x x+y+3=o
Required point = 0, 9 22. (c)

Length of perpendicular =
13. (c)
3x + 7y + 8 = 0 7y = 3x 8 12 0 5 0 7 7
units
122 52 13

7
23. (a) a3=3 a=6
5 1 1 6. (a)
The slope of the line is The equation of a line parallel to x-axis is y
15 3 3
= b.
1 Since, it passes through (6, 5), so b = 5
tan or 30
3 The required equation is, y = 5
24. (c) 7. (a)
Here, The equation of a line parallel to y-axis is,
x = a.
a1 2 1 b1 5 1 c 7 1
, and 1 Since, it passes through (2, 5), so a = 2
a 2 8 4 b 2 20 4 c 2 28 4
The required equation is, x = 2
a1 b1 c1 8. (b)

a 2 b 2 c 2 , So the given lines are co- Let the co-ordinates of R be (x, y). Then,
incident. 1 5 x 0 2 y
4 and 0
3 3
LEVEL - 2 or 4 + x = 12 and 2 + y = 0
1. (b) or x = 8 and y = 2
x a 2 (y 0)2 a x R = (x, y) = (8, 2)
9. (c)
2
x a y 2 a x
2 Since, point of intersection of median is
centroid.
y 2 x a 2 x a 2 co-ordinates of centroid

y 2 4ax 0 5 7 6 3 3
,
3 3
2. (c)
Let (x, y), Q(a + b, b a) and R(a b, a + b) 12 12
are given points. ,
3 3
PQ = PR.
4, 4
x a b2 y b a 2 10. (b)
Let the ratio be k : 1
x a b2 y a b2 The ordinate of a point lying on x-axis must
x 2 2x (a + b) + (a + b)2 + y2 2y(b a) + be zero
(b+ a)2 = x 2 + (a b)2 2x (a b) + y2 + (a + b)2
4k 5 1 5
2y (a + b) 0 4k 5 k
k 1 4
ax + bx + by ay = ax bx + ay + by
2bx = 2ay 5
Required ratio is :1 5 : 4
bx = ay. 4
3. (d) 11. (a)
Let A (x, y), P(a, 0) and Q(a, 0), Then, Let the ratio be k : 1
AP2 + AQ2 = 2b2 The abcissa of a point lying on y-axis must
[(x a)2 + (y 0)2] + [(x + a)2 + (y 0)2] = 2b2 be zero
x 2 + a2 2ax + y2 + x 2 + a2 + 2ax + y2 = 2b2 7k 3 1 3
0 7k 3 0 k
2(x 2 + a2 + y2) = 2b2 k 1 7
x 2 + a2 + y2 = b2
3
x 2 + a2 = b2 y2 Required ratio is :1 3 : 7
7
4. (d)
co-ordinates of middle point (1, 4) 12. (c)
Let the ratio be k : 1
aa4
4 2a 4 8 2a 4 3k 3 1
2 1
k 1
a=2
3k 3 = k + 1 2k = 4 k = 2
5. (c)
Since, P,Q and R collinear Required ratio is 2 : 1
13. (a)
slope of PQ = slope of PR
Let the equation be y = 5x + c
a3 73 a3 4 Since it passes through (4, 1), we have 1

52 62 3 4 = 5(4) + c
c = 21 so, its equation is, y = 5x + 21
8
14. (c)
1
m2
a1 b1 3
Condition of parallelism a b
2 2
1
1 3 3
a4 m1 m2 3 1
tan
a 12 1 m1.m2 1 3. 1 3
Alternatively, 3
1 8 1
So, 30
x 3y 8 0 y x m1
3 3 3 18. (b)
a 5 55
ax 12 y 5 0 0 y x Slope of PQ, m1 0
12 12 43
a 65
m2 Slope of PR, m 2 1
12 43
for parallelism, m 1 = m2
m1 m 2 0 1
tan 1
1 a 1 m1m 2 1 0
a 4
3 12
15. (b) So, 45
Condition of perpendicularism, a1a2 + b1b2 19. (c)
=0 Clearly, M is the mid-point of QR.
3 24 + 8 p = 0 8p = 3 24 p = 9 3 1 7 3
Alternatively- Co-ordinates of M are 2 , 2

3x + 8y + 9 = 0
i.e. (2, 2)
3 9 3 Now, find the equation of the line joining
y x m1
8 8 8 P(2, 3) and M(2, 2)
23
24 19 Required equation is , (y 3) = (x
24x py 19 0 y x 22
p p
2)
24 1
m2 y 3 x 2 4y 12 x 2
p 4
for perpendicularism, m1.m2 = 1 x 4y 10 0
3 24 20. (a)
1
8 p Required point is :
P9 11 21
33 2 3 2 2
16. (d) 2 2
,
7 5 12 32 32
m1 = Slope of PQ 6
02 2

a2 a2 20 15
m2 = Slope of AB , 4, 3
84 12 5 5
a2
m1m2 = 1 6 12 1 LEVEL - 3
1. (d)
a+2=2 a=0 Point of intersection at x -axis = (x, 0)
17. (a) 8x + 15 y = 120
12 9 8x + 15 0 = 120 x = 15
2y 12.x 9 0 y x point ot intersection = (15, 0)
2 2
Point of intersection at y-axis = (0, y)
12 8x + 15 y = 120
m1 3
2 0 + 15y = 120 y = 8
Point of intersection = (0, 8)
1 7 Required length = AB
3y x 7 0 y x
3 3
9
 or 2x 5y 5 0
(0, 8) 4. (d)
x + 2y = 3 .......... (i)
B 5x + y = 12 ........(ii)
A (15,O) On solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 3, y = 3
co-ordinates of P( 3, 3)
O
R
4 x
y= =
1
15 0 0 8
2 2
x 3
S Q
225 64 289

5x
3
17 units =

+
2y

y
2. (c)

+1
+
x

2=
3 5 P

0
Given line - 3x + 4y 5 = 0 y x
4 4 Similarly, Q(1, 1), R(1, 1) and S(2, 2)
3 1 3
its slope, m1 Now, m1 = slope of PR = 1
4 1 3
Let m2 be the slope of required line.
2 1
m2 = slope of QS = 1
3 2 1
Then, m1m2 = 1 or m2 = 1
4
m1m 2 1
4 the required angle is 90
m2 =
3 5. (c)
Let the required equation be, y = m2x + c Third side passes through (1, 10)
4 so its equation y + 10 = m(x 1) .......(i)
y x c This side makes equal angle with the
3
given two sides.
Since, it passes through (1, 1)
let this angle be .
4 4 1 Now, slope of line 7x y + 3 = 0 is m1,
1 1 c c 1
3 3 3 m1 = 1
and slope of line x + y 3 = 0 is m2,
4 1
the required equation is , y x m2 = 1
3 3 angle between (i) and 7x y + 3 = 0 = angle
or 4x 3y 1 = 0 between (i) and x + y 3 = 0
3. (b)
m7 m 1
2x 5y + 3 = 0 tan
1 7m 1 m 1
2 3
y x m 3 or 1/3
5 5
Hence possible equations of third side are
2 y + 10 = 3 (x 1)
its slope m1
5 1
Let the slope of line which is parall;el to and y 10 x 1
3
the given line is m2
or 3x + y + 7 = 0 and x 3y 31 = 0
2 6. (a)
m 2 m1 P1 = lenght of perpendicular from (0, 0) on x
5
sec + y cosec = a
2
Let the required equation be, y x c
5 a a
P1
Since, it passes through (5, 3) 2
sec cosec 2 1 1

2 cos sin2
2

3 5 c c 1
5 a sin .cos
2 or 2P1 = a(2sin . cos ) 2P1 = a sin 2
Required equation is, y x 1
5

10
 a cos 2
Similarly, P2 a cos 2
cos 2 sin 2

4P12 P22 a 2 sin2 2. cos2 2 a 2
7. (d)
Let a and b are the intercepts on x and y-
axes respectively.
a + b = 9 b = 9 a .........(i)
and the equation of the line is
x y
1 ..........(ii)
a b
From (i) and (ii)
x y
1 ......iii
a 9a
this line also passes through the point (2,2)
2 2
from (iii) 1
a 9a
On solving we get a = 6 or a = 3
If a = 6 then b = 9 6 = 3
x y
equation of the line is 1
6 3
or x + 2y 6 = 0
If a = 3 then b = 9 3 = 6
x y
equation of the line is 1
3 6
or 2x + y 6 = 0
Hence, required equation is
x + 2y 6 = 0 or 2x + y 6 = 0
Note : Solve this type of question with the
help of given options.

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