Design of Strap (Cantilever) Footings between no 1 & 21

FOOTING LAYOUT PLAN

Ae =1.4m Ai =1.6m
/ / / /
/ /
2.74m
/ /

Be =1.759m

Bi =1.6m
ae ai
/
be bb bi
/

/ /

FOOTING ELEVATION
326.752KN

376.568KN
L=2.74m/ =1.212m
/
/ /
/
0.4m

//
0.25m

376.568KN
/
350.09KN

SHEAR FORECE DIAGRAM

188.087

23.338 23.338 30.890

0.000 0.000
-59.308

-224.056
-295.862
INPUT DATA
Axial Load on End Column, Pe= 326.75 KN
Axial Load on End Column, Pi= 412.14 KN
Spacing of Column, L= 2.740 m
Breadth of End Column A, be= 0.300 m
Depth of End Column A, ae= 0.300 m
Breadth of Intermediate Column A, bi= 0.300 m
Depth of Intermediate Column A, ai= 0.300 m
Assume Footing thickness, t= 0.250 m
Depth of Footing, Dh = 1.000 m
2
Strength of Concrete, f ck = M20 20000 KN/m
2
Grade of Steel, f y = Fe500 500000 KN/m
2
Safe bearing Capacity of Soil, qallowable = 150.00 KN/m

2
Area Required for both Footings, Areq=[Pa+Pb]/qult,(net) 4.926 m
The distance of Resultant of Column loads from the center of Column B is given as below:

CALCULATION OF FOOTING SIZE = 1.212 m

CG of two footing should coincide with the resultant of two column loads to ensure uniform
Soil pressure below the two footings
Taking moments of footing areas about CG of Column B,
AeBe(L+ae/2-Ae/2)=(AeBe+AiBi)
Assume, Breadth of End Footing, Be = 1.4 m
Breadth of Intermediate Footing, Bi = 1.6 m
Hence, Length of End Footing, Ae = 1.759 m
Assume Length of End Footing, Ae = 1.700 m
Length of Intermediate Footing, Ai = 1.539 m
Assume Length of Intermediate Footing, Ai = 1.600 m
2
Net Soil pressure under the footing, qult (net) = 147.1 KN/m OK
Distance between the two Reaction forces Ra &Rb =Xc 2.040 m

CALCULATION OF FOOTING REACTIONS

Reaction from Soil Ra = 350.090 KN
Reaction from Soil Rb = 376.568 KN
Assume the breadth of Strap Beam bb= 0.250 m
Moment about the X-X /Strap beam axis= Me= 392.945 KNm
Clear Cover for Strap Beam c= 0.075 m

CALCULATION OF FOOTING EFFECTIVE DEPTHS

Limiting value of Neutral axis, Xu,max/d= 0.46
Initial depth of the Footing for One way shear, d= 0.384 m
Overall Depth Required for balanced section, D= 0.459 m

CHECK OF TWO-WAY PUNCHING SHEAR

End Col. Peri. Length for 2-way Punch. Shear, b0=be+2xbe+ae+2xae 1.8 m
Int. Col. Peri. Length for 2-way Punch. Shear, b0=be+2xbe+ae+2xae 1.8 m
Shear around column for End Footing, Vfd=qult [(AexBe)-(aexbe)] 34.125 KN
Shear around column for Int. Footing, Vfd=qult [(AixBi)-(aixbi)] 34.125 KN
2
Two way shear for End Column, v= Vfd/b0xD 0.076 N/mm OK
2
Two way shear for Int. Column, v= Vfd/b0xD 0.076 N/mm OK
2
Permissible 2 way shear for End Column, c= ((Be/Ae)+0.5)x0.25x(f ck) 1.480 N/mm
2
Permissible 2 way shear for Int. Column, c= ((Bi/Ai)+0.5)x0.25x(f ck) 1.677 N/mm

CALCULATION OF STEEL FOR FOOTING

2
Required Steel Area for the Footing per meter, Ast,reqd.= 499.996 mm
Assume, 10 mm Dia of Steel bar 6 Nos 150 mm c/c both ways

FLEXURE DESIGN OF STRAP BEAM

Maximum Shear Force at the face of End Column Vx = 295.862 KN
Maximum BM at the point where SF has Zero value, Mu,max = 210.211 KNm
Assume the overall depth of Beam, Dstrap= 0.400 m
Effective depth of Strap beam, dstrap = 0.325 m
Effective Clear Cover in Compression, dc= 0.050 m
Output:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
2
Top Bar: Required tensile Steel Reinforecement, Ast 1840.85 mm 1.841%
Provide 20 Thro bar 2.34 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
20 Extra bar 3.52 Nos. Say 4.00 Nos.
2
Bottom Bar: Required Compressive Steel Reinforecement, Asc 1216.33 mm 1.216%
Provide 20 Thro bar 3.87 Nos. Say 4.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided: OK
Provide 10 bar Spacing 100 mm @ C/C Leg = 4
Crack Width Calculation:
2
Stress in tensile reinforced level fsb 288.11 N/mm
Spacing of reinforcement S 165.000 mm
acr = ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 84.853 mm
1b = [fs*((a' - xu) / [(d-xu)*2*10 ^5] 0.0020272
2b= bt*(a'-xu)*(D-xu) / [600000*Ast*(d - xu)] 0.0000770
mb = 1b-2b 0.0019501
Wcrb = 3*acr*m/ [1+2*(acr - Cmin) / (D - xu)] 0.3853715
2
Stress in tensile reinforced level fst 0.000 N/mm
1t= fs*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0000000
2t= bt*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0001984
mt = 1t-2t -0.0001984
Wcrt = 3*acr x m / [1+2*(acr - Cmin) / (D - (-D))] -0.0464656
Wcr =Wcrb+Wcrt 0.3389059 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Envelope for Load Combination
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, Fy 295.862 KN
Design Torsional Moment for shear Tu=Mx 0.000 KNm
Moment M'uz 210.211 KN
Design Torsional Moment for moment Tu=Mx 0.000 KNm
Axial Force, Fx 0.000 KN T
Bending in another direction Muy 0.000 KNm
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
2
Characteristic Strength of concrete, fck 20 N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, fy 500 N/mm
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, Df 250 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 400 mm
Width of Flange, bf 250 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, bcw 250 mm
Width of web in tension, btw' 250 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 1
Layer of bar in Compression zone 1
Cover, C 50 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 10 mm
Dia of bar in Tension Reinforcement 20 mm
Dia of bar in Compression Reinforcement 20 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 20 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( Muy and Muz') = M''uz 210.21 KNm
Design Moment Mu 210.211 KNm
Design shear force Vu 295.862 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, btw 250.00 mm
Width of Web, Average btw 250.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 330.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, bs 0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre Cc 192.063 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre Ct 207.937 mm
Df/d (Calculated) 0.758

RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:

1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? GO TO 2 (C)
Muf, lim= 0.36*fck*bf*Df*(d-0.416*Df) 101.70 KNm
Test : Muf,lim > Mu for Neutral in flange -108.508 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? NO
2
For Mu or Mu,lim Area of Steel, Ast 1029.93 mm
2
For Tension Area of Steel, Ast2 -514.72 mm
2
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, Ast 515.21 mm
Neutral Axis Ratio, Xu/d 0.75758
Neutral Axis, Xu 250.000 mm
Due to Mu Compressive strain cc 0.00581
Total Strain due to (Mu+Fx) cct 0.00581 < 0.0035 OK
2
for BM+compression, Trial Total Rqd. Steel, Ast 0.000 mm
2
Due To Fx, Additional compressive stress fsc NA N/mm
2
Additional compressive stress fcc NA N/mm
Pu NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Compressive strain due to P, cc 0.00000000 NA
Test : Fx-Pu =0 NA
2
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area Ast 0.000 mm
2
Required Ast 515.210 mm
2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web YES
Neutral axis depth ratio = Xu,max/d 0.4560
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design Xu,max 150.49 mm NA
yf,max 185.07 mm NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C1 129.77 KN NA
Compressive force for Parabolic portion, C2 127.84 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, Cu = C1+C2 271.67 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C3 0.00 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C4 0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 271.67 KN NA
Moment of C1 about Neutral Axis, Integration I1 17005.91 KNmm NA
Moment C2 about Neutral Axis Integration I2 6871.08 KNmm NA
Moment f Cu about neutral axis Integration Iu 23876.99 KNmm NA
CG of Cu from Neutral axis ,Y 87.890 mm NA
CG of Cu from Extreme Compression fibre X 62.598 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.18969 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 62.598 mm NA
Capacity if average web +flange Muw, lim= 0.36*fck*bw*Xu,max*(d- 72.64 KNm NA
Capacity Mu, lim (Only for trapezodal Web) 72.64 KNm NA
Capacity Mu, lim (trapezodal Web + Flange) 72.64 KNm NA
Test, Mu > Mu,lim (Doubly or Singly), Mu - Mu,lim= 137.57 KNm DRS
for average web Lever Arm z= jd 267.397 mm NA
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd 267.402 mm NA
For avg. web +flange balanced section Ast,max 624.524 mm2 NA
2
For (web +Flange) balanced section Ast,max 624.524 mm NA
a= - 0.14976*fck*bw - 0.0050175*fck*(bf - bw) -0.000749
b= 0.36*fck*bw*d + 0.00669*fck*(bf - bw) 0.59400
c= 0.2899*fck*Df*(bf - bw)*(d-0.325*Df)-Mu -72.644
2
Neutral Axis Xu=(-b+(b -4*a*c))/2*a 151.065 mm
yf=0.15*xu+0.65*Df 185.160 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 267.157
2
For Df/d > 0.2 Ast 625.096 mm

2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section YES

Number of Layer of Comression bar 1 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 20 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 20 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 10.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 50.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete fck 2
20.00 N/mm SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel fy 500.00 N/mm2 SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d'' 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 70.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 330.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration Xu,max/d 0.456 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth Xu.max 158.11 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain sc Or cc 0.00195 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel fsc 2
369.778 N/mm SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete fcc=446*fck*(cc-250*cc^2) 8.915 N/mm2 SRS-NA
2
Area of compressive stress Asc 1466.215 mm SRS-NA
2
for Asc, Area of tension steel Ast2 1216.331 mm SRS-NA
2
For DRS Total Area of tension steel Ast 1840.854 mm SRS-NA
2
for Tension, Area of Steel, Ast3 -1216.33 mm SRS-NA
2
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, Ast 624.52 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, Xu 158.105 mm SRS-NA
Due to Mu Compressive strain cc 0.00368 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (Mu+P) cct 0.00368 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
2
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, Ast 0.000 mm SRS-NA
2
Due To Fx, Additional compressive stress fsc NA N/mm SRS-NA
2
Additional compressive stress fcc NA N/mm SRS-NA
Pu 0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P, cc 0.00000000 YES SRS-NA
Test : Fx-Pu =0 0.000000 SRS-NA
2
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm SRS-NA
2
Required Double reinforced Ast 624.524 mm SRS-NA

Check for Shear force

Design Shear force 295.86 KN
Shear stress 3.586 N/mm2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 2.231 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 1.474 %
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 2.322 %
=0.8*fck/6.89*pt 1.000
tc = 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 0.821 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress, Ktc = 1.00 x 0.821 = 0.821
< 3.586 Not OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 10.00 mm
Number of leg 4.00
2
Planned area to Provide Asv 314.16 mm
Required spacing of stirrups Svreqd. 197.712 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups Sv 100.000 mm
2
Minimum required Asv 0.4*b*Sv/0.87*fy 22.989 mm
2
Stirrups required Asv Vus,remain*Sv/0.87*fy*b 254.236 mm OK
2.705 mm
Rqd. Stirrups 10.00 Leg 4.000 100.00 mm C/C