Topic: Name: Jasmine Baskin

Cell Transport Class: 4 Biology

EQ: How and why do
Date: 1.20.17
substances move across the
cell membrane?
L1- How is the cell Cell Theory
theory characterized? -In the 1600s, microscopes began to be used
-Roberts Hooke observed that pieces of a cork had looked like it was made up of
L3- Why would cells cells.
produce copies of -Cells are characterized by: all living things are composed by cells, cells are the
itself? smallest and make up life, and cells exist from existing cells.
-Cells can be in many different shapes and sizes and they all have a membrane and
cytoplasm

-If there is no nucleus present, the cell is prokaryotic (bacteria), and if there is a
nucleus present, the cell is eukaryotic (animals, plants, fungi).
L2- What are the Cell Membrane
different parts of the -Function: protects and supports the cell and regulates the transport of materials
cell membrane and into and out of the cell.
what do they do? -Polar/ Hydrophobic means water loving.
-Nonpolar/ Hydrophilic means water hating.
-Fluid Mosaic Model means the cell membrane is made p of many different parts
that freely move.
-Lipid Bilayer: a double layer sheet of phospholipid a flexible structure that forms
a stringer barrier between the cell and its surroundings

-Embedded Protein are proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer. They act as
channels or pumps that help move materials across the membrane.
-Carbohydrate Chains act like chemical identification cards, allowing individual
calls to identify one another.
-Selectively Permeable are the same substances can pass through the cell
membrane, but other cannot.
L2- Does the passive Passive Transport
transport use energy -Passive transport: the cell does not like energy.
and what are the -Cells use no energy
different diffusions? -Molecules move down the gradient
-Molecules spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
 -Solutions are a combination of the solvent and salute.
-Dynamic equilibrium is a state of balance between continuing process.
-Simple diffusion is a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an
intermediary.
-Facilitated Diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules
or ions across a cells membrane.
-Semi permeable is allowing a certain substance to pass through is but not others.
-
Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic
The solution has a high The concentration of the The solution has a low
concentration of solutes solutes in the solution is concentration of solutes
and a lower concentration equal to the concentration and a higher
of water than inside the of solutes inside the cell. concentration of water
cell. (plasmolysis) (equilibrium) than inside the cell.
(cytosis)

L3- Why would ion Active Transport

pumps be considered -Active transport is the process of transporting a small and large molecule
apart of active AGAINST the concentration gradient (low to high concentration) using energy
transport? -There are four different types of pumps: ion pumps, cotransport, endocytosis, and
exocytosis.
-Ion pumps and cotransport move small particles while endocytosis and
exocytosis transport large particles.
-Ion Pumps: uses ATP energy to move particles against the concentration gradient

-Cotransport: the process when two substances are transported across a membrane
by one protein.
 -Endocytosis a process which the plasma membrane takes in substances.
Phagocytose take in food, pinocytosis takes in liquids, receptor medicated binds the
molecule to the receptor.

-Exocytosis is when substances are expelled from the cell

Summary: The cell transport theory was brought ups by Robert Hooke while he was observing a cork with a
microscope. All cells are composed by cells, cells are the smallest and make up life, and cells exist from existing
cells. Cells can be found in many shapes and sizes. A cell membrane supports the cells and allows materials to go
in and out of the cell. All cells have a membrane and cytoplasm but if the cell has a nucleus depends if the cell is
prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The three solutions are hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic. Substances move through
the membrane in a active or passive transport. Passive transports move particles from a high to low concentration
while active transport uses energy to move particles from a low to high concentration. Active transport uses ion
pumps or cotransport to move small particles and endocytosis or exocytosis to move large particles.