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2 0 1 4 I C O M P O S I T E C I T I E S I N o v e m b e r 1 2 - 1 4 , 2 0 1 4 , I I s t a n b u l - T u r k e y
RECYCLING
DROSSCAPE
IN
THE
COMPOSITE
CITY
085:001
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
1. INTRODUCTION
Hybrid
conditions
of
contemporary
cities
exhibit
the
collapse
of
modernity
leitmotif,
founded
on
seeking
a
continuous
and
regular
space
to
unify
individuals,
society
and
environment
within
a
common
representation
(Secchi,
2000).
Hybridization
marks
a
split
of
universal
framework
for
cohesion
and
order
in
m ultitude
outlying
parts,
lives,
landscapes,
w asted
by
degradation,
conflict
and
inequity.
This
process
tends
to
emerge
both
in
spatial
and
temporal
dimensions,
challenged
by
the
swirling
of
technological
progress,
economic
dynamics
and
demographic
pressure
in
urbanized
cross-border
regions,
causing
ever-new
m orphological
and
functional
compositions.
I. Metropolis.
It
has
clearly
led
the
traditional
concepts
of
shape,
extension
and
density
up
to
a
higher
level
of
complexity,
enhanced
by
the
physical
expansion
of
cities.
As
epitome
of
the
contemporary
age,
the
sprawling
metropolis
has
gone
through
all
directions,
inducing
the
explosion
of
urban
boundaries
in
uncountable
fragments
scattered
over
wide
territories.
Since
the
XX
century,
expansion
has
inspired
considerable
models,
metaphors
and
denominations
for
expressing
the
unreal
size
of
metropolitan
development
and
the
multitude
of
conditions
intertwined.
Urban
studies
have
been
crowded
with
neologisms
resorted
to
both
humanistic
and
scientific
disciplines.
Conurbation
(Geddes,
1915),
Megalopolis
(Gottman,
1961),
Global
City
(Sassen,
1991),
Hyperville
(Corboz,
1994),
Post-metropolis
(Soja,
2000),
Arcipelago
metropolitano
(Indovina,
2009)
are
only
some
of
the
terms
which
have
occurred
to
describe
the
metropolitan
stages
of
industrializing
and
post-industrializing
process.
In
these
broad
entities
live
more
than
50
percent
of
the
worlds
population,
according
to
a
growth
rate
of
1.85
percent
per
year.
Urban
agglomerations
and
suburban
fringes
stretch
twice,
spontaneously
and
recklessly,
inhabiting
and
dotting
the
countryside
and
the
natural
lands
whose
geographical
and
ecological
continuity
they
hardly
cut.
This
relentless
dissolution
of
old
urban
fabrics
outside
and
without
the
city
makes
patterns
and
edges
problematical,
due
to
a
m isconceived
m ixture
of
heterogeneous
m aterials.
II. Wasting
land.
The
settlements
of
Exopolis
(Soja,
1992)
are
unplanned
natural/artificial
hybrids,
not
well-characterized,
precarious
enclave
generically
placed
in
no
mans
lands,
containing
complex
features
of
in-between
areas
that
are
ecologically
damaged,
economically
distressed
and
socially
marginalized.
That
is
a
sample
book
of
conditions
at
worth
of
vacancy,
dereliction,
contamination,
obsolescence,
disuse,
disruption
or
destruction:
wasting
land
and
buildings
as
a
by-product
of
horizontal
urbanization
and
innovation
in
economic
and
production
systems.
Nevertheless,
their
neglected
and
unproductive
state
can
unveil
the
hidden
value
of
absence
and
residual
as
measure
of
voids
in
the
continuous
m etropolis.
III. Drosscape.
The
concepts
of
Terrain
Vague
(de
Sol-Morales,
1996)
and
Drosscape
(Berger,
2007)
have
marked
a
crucial
turnaround
in
the
logic
of
wasting
land,
re-
discovering
the
potentials
of
its
places
as
means
of
dealing
and
differences
where
a
project
can
still
emerge.
The
amount
of
dross
resulting
necessarily
from
the
urban
metabolism,
indeed,
has
assumed
such
a
consistency
to
design
a
wide
geography
lying
inside
and
around
built-up
regions,
that
interferes
and
overlaps
with
greater
systems
of
landscape
(waterscape,
infrascape
and
ruralscape).
Therefore,
the
new
attitude
of
dross
to
be
-scaped
replaces
the
tendency
to
repair
after
damage
for
suitable
adaptive
strategies
which
act
on
cycles
and
processes
of
landscapes.
By
reintroducing
the
dross
into
new
productive
uses
and
values,
the
Drosscape
can
interact
properly
with
the
landscape
networks
as
endless
raw
m aterial
for
the
public
city
(Gasparrini,
2011).
085:002
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
IV. Networks.
Hybridization
has
highlighted
the
twine
of
physical,
social
and
economic
networks
that
run
on
multiple
levels,
not
always
balanced
and
tuned.
The
contemporary
metropolis
has
grown
above
the
concepts
of
asynchrony,
suspension,
disturbance,
diversion
and
anomaly
to
the
point
of
exhaustion.
Therefore,
the
breakage
undergoing
the
strain
of
urbanization
have
had
disastrous
effects
especially
above
long-term
networks
of
ecology,
raising
one
of
the
biggest
crisis
that
humankind
has
ever
faced.
Tight
sequences
of
punctual
decisions
and
split
short-term
operations
have
left
aside
the
value
of
land
for
too
long
a
time.
Daily,
research
satellites
provide
and
map
the
overview
of
this
worldwide
disaster,
increasingly
becoming
visible:
urban
sprawl,
constructions
on
unsuitable
sites,
over
extraction
of
soil,
pollution,
loss
of
biodiversity,
climate
change,
and
the
general
depletion
of
resources
and
energy.
By
the
way,
the
transitions
city
to
territory
or
city
to
Land
Mosaic
or
terra
firma
to
terra
fluxus
exhibit
the
trade-offs
between
natural
and
human
processes,
often
ruled
by
hidden
or
unknown
forces,
which
affect
the
ecological
habitats,
but
also
urban
fabrics,
socio-economic
trends
and
cultural
practices
of
communities.
It
means
that
city
has
evolved
into
something
extremely
new,
not
merely
an
addition
of
physical
components
but
a
hyper-system
of
dynamic
relations
we
treat
in
terms
of
networked
ecologies
(Varnelis,
2011).
V. Re-cycling.
Several
effects
of
hybridization,
in
m any
cases
operating
simultaneously,
have
overturned
how
planners
and
designers
imagine
and
produce
terrain
of
cities.
Other
unexpected
effects
will
not
be
long
in
coming
and
cities
will
be
still
at
the
threshold
of
the
urgency
of
change.
Hence,
the
need
to
be
equipped
with
multiple
paradigms,
perspectives,
technical
tools
and
practices,
dealing
with
unusual
and
unpredictable
conditions.
The
larger
competitive
scale
of
city-regions
and
the
economic/ecological
crisis
of
global
concern,
never
before,
require
long
and
short-term
reversible
strategies
and
evolutionary
visions,
using
imagination,
resilience,
adaptation.
Crisis
has
produced
a
multiplicity
of
large
stagnant
wastelands
and
will
keep
producing
them
continuously,
raising
two
crucial
questions:
what
to
be
done
with
wasting
lands
and
how
to
manage
the
wasting
process?
These
questions
place
the
project
in
prospect,
requiring
recycling
responses
to
give
limits-to-growth
and
downscale
consumption
while
designing
for
the
future,
in
order
to
prepare
the
way
for
a
space
and
time
which
do
not
generate
unrecyclable
waste
(Corboz,
2010).
As
a
practice,
recycling
is
not
something
completely
new.
W e
m ay
find
its
traces
in
ancient
systems
of
exchange
and
re-use
still
visible
in
many
informal
economies
or
tactics
that,
in
the
last
decades,
have
undergone
a
process
of
translation
into
modern
practices.
As
a
paradigm,
it
has
not
exhausted
yet
the
issues
to
explore
and
solve.
Taking
part
in
this
challenge,
the
research
Recycle-Italy.
New
life
cycle
for
architecture
and
infrastructure
of
the
city
and
the
landscapei
tries
quoting
the
words
of
its
national
Coordinator
Renato
Bocchi
to
overcome
the
weaknesses
of
restoration
and
transformation
projects,
and
the
logics
of
conservation
and
emergency.
Getting
started
from
some
essential
references
(i.e.
the
triad
Reduce-Reuse-Recycle,
the
slogan
Cradle
to
Cradle
by
William
Mc-Donough,
the
MAXXI
exhibition
Re-cycle.
Strategies
for
the
architecture,
the
city,
the
planet
by
Pippo
Ciorra)
it
traces
the
m odes
and
the
forms
to
induce
new
life
cycle
both
in
the
urban
fabrics
and
in
the
gap
sites
of
urban
sprawl,
but
also
in
the
lost
landscapes
of
our
m emory
and
experience
(Bocchi,
2013).
i
Three-year
Research
Program
of
National
Interest
P.R.I.N.
2013/2016,
financed
by
Italian
by
Ministry
of
Education,
University
and
Research,
for
the
scientific-disciplinary
area
08:
Civil
Engineering
and
Architecture.
085:003
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
The
eleven
Units
of
Researchii
belonging
to
Re-cycle
Italy
and
corresponding
to
eleven
Italian
cities
are
questioning
about
the
future
of
their
territories
in
time
of
crisis
and
emergency.
Among
these,
the
Unit
of
Naples iii
has
a
special
focus
on
Re-cycling
and
Re[land]scaping
the
Drosscape.
As
will
be
discussed
and
explained
in
this
paperiv,
crisis
has
deeply
marked
the
city
of
Naples,
several
times:
closure
of
plants
in
80s,
hydrogeological
instability
and
waste
emergency
since
90s.
Yet,
it
is
exactly
from
these
crisis
conditions
and
their
countless
open
wounds
in
the
landscape
that
the
city
needs
to
re-start
and
re-cycle.
2. RE-IMAGINING
W ASTE
Whenever
a
value,
whether
physical,
relational
or
strategic,
was
ever
recognized
to
a
site
or
artefact
that
was
a
waste
for
the
city,
it
became
the
raw
material
for
transformation,
through
the
re-attribution
of
meaning
and
role
in
a
new
cycle
of
life.
In
the
90s,
wide
renewal
projects
took
place
in
the
cities,
through
the
re-vitalization
of
large
abandoned
industrial
areas
that
were
still
strategic
for
the
urban
fabric.
The
purpose
was
to
give
both
a
new
economic
impulse
and
a
renewed
image
to
the
city
through
urban
marketing
actions:
areas
are
still
marked
by
the
exploitation
of
productive
functions,
w hich
remained
after
the
industrial
cycle,
in
need
of
special
treatment
of
resuscitation
(Nicolin,
1994)
.
In
the
last
decades,
the
city
has
changed
its
shape,
and
new
territories
of
urban
expansion
have
become
the
issue
of
contemporary
research
in
urbanism.
Currently,
the
juxtaposition
between
nature
and
build
environment
including
agriculture,
living
and
production
spaces,
where
the
evolution
of
urban
dynamics
spreads
their
effect
produces
new
fields
of
experimentation.
Urban,
economic
and
social
trends
are
faster
than
the
capacity
of
the
territories
to
absorb
and
deposit
change.
Therefore,
a
disconnection
between
the
frame
(territory)
and
the
activities
(urban
metabolism)
comes
out,
as
the
territory
does
not
change
at
the
same
speed
of
the
functions
it
supports.
This
lack
of
synchrony
causes
a
large
amount
of
wasting
lands,
frozen
fragments
of
built
and
natural
environment,
expelled
from
the
metabolism
of
the
city.
They
create
a
new
geography
of
dross
in
w hich
the
radical
overthrow
of
attention
and
priority
gives
to
the
vacuum
a
key
role
in
the
rethinking
of
cities
and
landscape
values.
This
is
because
waste
is
not
m erely
brownfields
or
empty
spaces,
landfills,
unfinished
buildings
or
infrastructures
that
the
city
itself
tends
to
refuse,
but
also
a
device
that
is
strongly
connected
to
the
city
and
its
system
of
networks.
In
this
perspective,
the
wasting
land
is
a
system
of
areas,
buildings
and
relations
strongly
influenced
by
natural
and
human
networks
and
affected
by
different
sources
of
contamination
and
ecological
depletion
processes.
Therefore,
the
dimension
of
strategies
and
projects
has
ii
Universit
IUAV
di
Venezia,
Universit
degli
Studi
di
Trento,
Politecnico
di
Milano,
Politecnico
di
Torino,
Universit
degli
Studi
di
Genova,
Universit
degli
Studi
di
Roma
La
Sapienza,
Universit
degli
Studi
di
Napoli
Federico
II,
Universit
degli
Studi
di
Palermo,
Universit
degli
Studi
Mediterranea
di
Reggio
Calabria,
Universit
degli
Studi
G.
DAnnunzio
Chieti-
Pescara,
Universit
degli
Studi
di
Camerino.
iii
Belong
to
the
Unit
of
Naples
of
Re-cycle
Italy:
Carlo
Gasparrini
(scientific
coordinator),
Vito
Cappiello,
Antonio
Cavaliere,
Roberto
Serino,
Michelangelo
Russo,
Massimo
Fagnano,
Rocco
LaFratta,
Lodovico
Maria
Fusco,
Fabrizia
Ippolito
(UNINA2),
Antonio
Passato,
Marina
Rigillo.
Belong
to
the
Laboratory
of
Naples:
Fabrizia
Ippolito
(site
responsible),
Anna
Terracciano
(operations
coordinator),
Libera
Amenta,
Susanna
Castiello,
Daniele
Cannatella,
Danilo
Capasso,
Gennaro
Cozzolino,
Emanuela
De
Marco,
Cecilia
Di
Marco,
Davide
Di
Martino,
Nunzio
Fiorentino,
Enrico
Formato,
Paola
Galante,
Adriana
Impagliazzo,
Massimo
Lanzi,
Francesco
Stefano
Sammarco,
Antonella
Senatore,
Ciro
Sepe,
Giancarlo
Sorrentino,
Sabrina
Sposito,
Danilo
Vinaccia.
iv
The
paper
and
the
images
are
the
result
of
the
collective
research
activity
by
the
Unit
of
Naples
and
the
Laborary
of
Naples
within
the
P.R.I.N.
research
Re-cycle
Italy.
085:004
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
completely
changed.
The
objective
is
no
longer
working
on
large
disused
areas
by
implementing
technical
solutions
for
the
remediation,
but
re-inventing
waste
as
a
reserve
land.
Therefore,
the
project
does
not
focus
exclusively
on
enclosed
space
anymore,
that
was
the
most
used
approach
after
the
first
great
industrial
closure
in
80s
and
90s.
Rather,
it
demands
a
qualitative
and
multi-scale
approach
within
an
ecologically-oriented
recycling
project,
which
reassembles
fragments
through
landscape
networks
starting
from
the
wasting
land.
In
2004,
Alan
Berger
introduced
this
systemic
approach:
the
term
drosscape
implies
that
the
dross,
or
waste,
is
scaped,
or
resurfaced/rein-scribed,
by
new
human
intentions,
so
that
once
waste
landscapes
are
identified,
the
designers
propose
a
strategy
to
productively
integrate
them
(Berger,
2004).
To
do
that,
adaptive
actions
are
urgently
required
to
recover
symbiotic
relationships
between
the
couples
built/nature,
public
space/ecosystems,
environment/society.
3. RE-CYCLING D ROSSCAPE
085:005
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
massive
industrializing
process,
which
overlapped
the
ancient
reclamation
infrastructures.
The
hydraulic
system
collapsed
at
the
end
of
XX
century
by
the
de-industrialization
of
the
east
side
of
Naples.
So
that,
the
image
that
comes
out
is
a
fenced
city
where
the
environmental
reclamation
process
should
be
related
to
a
general
re-thinking
of
urban
fringes.
[3] Plain
of
the
Sarno
River.
Lying
in
the
southeast
side
of
Vesuvius
volcano,
the
site
still
contains
parts
of
the
ancient
hydraulic
infrastructures
dating
from
XVI
century.
These
infrastructures
aimed
at
the
industrial
development
of
the
area
in
a
symbiotic
and
respectful
relationship
between
waterscape
and
human
activities.
In
the
last
century,
urban
sprawl,
pollution,
contamination
and
lack
of
regional
planning
and
governance
have
almost
definitely
altered
the
geomorphological
components
of
land,
returning
a
fragile
and
less
resilient
territory
at
high
level
of
hydrogeological
risk.
Waste
areas
from
rural
activities,
infrastructures
and
high
impact
productions,
along
with
some
fragments
of
the
ancient
water
management
system
generate
a
complex
mosaic
of
drosscapes
along
the
Sarno
River.
The
image
that
results
is
a
dispersed
city,
where
the
artificial
water
system
can
play
an
active
role
for
regeneration
as
part
of
a
new
waterscape
that
intercepts
and
reactivates
changing
ecological
dynamics.
A
reverse
city
emerges
through
the
production
of
maps,
based
on
the
identification
of
7
drosscape
classes
and
the
related
landscape
networks.
This
new
geography
of
drosscape,
made
of
different
space-temporal
dimensions,
represents
a
potential
series
of
nodes,
buffer
areas,
physical
relationships
and
intangible
assets
that
becomes
the
backbone
of
a
high-quality
system
of
spaces.
The
recycling
project,
indeed,
is
stratigraphic/relational
in
space,
acting
both
on
the
surface
and
on
085:006
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
the
vertical
stratigraphy
of
the
soil,
and
resilient/adaptive
in
time,
marking
and
satisfying
long
and
short
lead
times.
According
to
this
approach,
what
already
exists
is
the
ground
0
to
be
restored
earlier,
at
which
new
grounds
can
take
roots
and
sense.
Therefore,
the
recycling
project
seeks
to
recover
memories
and
culture
of
places
through
a
creative
and
cycling
perspective:
an
identity
of
return
to
redefine-update-make
resilient,
instead
of
deleting.
Since
this
process
of
revitalizing
plays
with
long
term
processes
of
nature,
a
proper
set
of
timeline
strategies
and
alternative
scenarios
are
certainly
needed.
085:007
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
The
method
is
provided
on
a
systemic
approach,
being
conceived
to
detect
the
most
representative
samples
to
be
tested
for
the
re-cycling
project.
It
is
organized
into
three
main
phases.
[1] Tpos:
identifying
and
mapping
the
drosscapes,
but
also
those
areas
that
are
directly
or
indirectly
involved
in
the
process
leading
to
production
of
drosscapes.
[2] Class:
re-classifying
the
drosscapes
into
seven
categories
of
degradation:
polluted
water
and
water
devices;
polluted
soil;
damaged
ecosystems;
critical
tissues;
brownfields;
quarries
and
landfills;
derelicted
infrastructures
and
in-between
areas.
[3] Cluster:
assigning
values
to
grid
cells,
which
depend
on
the
weight
of
each
class,
on
relations
between
classes,
and
on
interaction
between
classes
and
outer
drivers
i.e.
demographical,
social,
economic
and
climate
aspects;
uses;
transformation
demand;
governance.
This
stage
is
crucial,
as
it
should
identify
the
most
relevant
macro-cluster,
also
scaling
up.
Grid
and
Geomaps
provide
a
discerning
attitude
on
drosscapes,
through
the
blending
of
micro
and
macro
perspectives.
As
intermediate
stage,
it
matches
the
examination
of
landscape
networks,
uses,
current
plans
and
projects,
local
actions,
in
order
to
support
and
describe
the
stratigraphic-relational
dimension
of
recycling.
085:008
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
Connected
by
a
(BGD)
landscape
networks
design
(Figure
3),
the
open
space
can
express
its
embodied
energy
at
the
height,
being
as
joint
between
scapes
and
scales.
Furthermore,
the
landscape
axes
can
benefit
from
the
space
variety,
becoming
the
land
frame
of
multiple
compositions.
In
the
east-side
of
Naples,
three
main
landscape
networks
appear
to
be
significant.
B. Blue
network.
It
is
conceived
as
a
contemporary
water
machine
aimed
at
managing
surface
and
ground
waters
through
several
operations:
a)
re-functioning
of
existing
channels
and
water
devices
to
benefit
ecosystems
run-off
filtering
and
fuel
green
economies
energy
by
biomass;
b)
re-activation
of
wells,
in
order
to
ensure
existing
and
planning
wetlands
health,
to
lower
the
groundwater
aquifer
and
to
reduce
contamination
of
water;
c)
realization
of
ponds
for
phytopurification.
The
Blue
network,
as
an
hybrid
machine,
allows
the
adaptive
hydrologic
management
of
the
territory
and
the
water
purification,
reasons
that
require
clear
policy
actions
and
long-lasting
procedures.
G. Green
network.
It
consists
of
connected
green
open
spaces
(public,
half-public,
private)
between
built-up
areas
and
countryside
that
enhance
the
collective
facilities
supply
and
the
general
natural/cultural
quality
of
the
site:
d)
peri-urban
agricultural
land
along
the
highway
that
stretchs
northward
tieing
up
with
the
blue
network;
e)
new
wetlands
close
to
the
highway
junction
and
within
the
purification
plant;
f)
in-betweens
of
the
industrial
grid;
g)
borough
open
spaces.
085:009
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
D. Dross
network.
It
concerns
the
re-appropriation
and
the
re-cycle
of
abandoned,
discontinous
or
underused
artifacts
in
a
network
of
new
public/public-use
recreational
opportunities:
h)
the
TCC
(Therma
Cataliting
Cracking)
tower,
an
industrial
symbol
to
be
turned
into
a
public
facility
to
serve
the
district,
also
through
an
accompanying
operation
of
ecological
preverdissement
(first
plant
colonization
and
instrument
for
monitoring
the
dynamics
of
soil
pollution);
i)
disused
oil
deposit
within
Q8
areas
still
in
business,
which
could
be
used
for
environmental
purposes,
as
composting
and
storage
of
biomass,
or
those
social,
as
art
exibitions,
performaces,
events.
Blue,
green
and
dross
networks,
but
also
those
slow
and
smart,
design
re-newed
forms
and
ways
of
inhabiting
that
can
minimize
waste
and
wasteland,
encrease
collective
well-being,
optimize
social
integration
and
launch
green
economies.
085:010
1 1 1 1
Massimo
Lanzi *,
D aniele
Cannatella ,
Emanuela
D e
M arco
and
Sabrina
Sposito
4. CONCLUSIONS
Urban
and
economic
dynamics
clearly
lead
to
a
continuous
production
of
drosscape,
which
can
become
an
essential
resource
for
the
city
through
a
proper
recycling
project.
Drosscape,
indeed,
offers
an
interesting
perspective
on
design
disciplines,
because
of
its
interactions
and
interferences
w ith
rural
spaces,
w ater
and
infrastructural
networks.
The
recycling
project
aims
at
managing
and
balancing
these
materials
and
relations
thorough
a
systemic
and
landscape
approach.
The
recycling
project
begins
from
the
activation
and
integration
of
new
life
cycles
for
artefacts
and
territories,
able
to
induce
self-adaptation
and
self-regeneration
m echanisms.
That
is
not
just
an
ecological
matter.
It
deals
also
with
creating
new
public/public-use
spaces
characterized
by
high
environmental
and
socio-ecological
values.
The
project
enhances
the
sensitiveness
for
topology,
reclaiming
the
inner
value
of
soil
(stratigraphy)
and
the
identity
of
places.
Two
issues
appear
to
be
significant.
First,
the
recycling
project
co-exists
with
uncertainty
and
temporary
balances.
Secondly,
it
deals
with
a
cyclic
and
creative
transformation
that
does
not
disrupt
but
updates
constantly
uses
and
functions
w hile
enhancing
resilience.
The
final
image
that
comes
out,
indeed,
is
not
a
fixed
scenario,
but
a
blurred
composition,
point
of
contention
among
different
disciplines.
REFERENCES
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A.,
Drosscape:
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in
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R.,
N ew
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V.
ed.,
New
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A.,
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D e
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Nicolin,
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Massimo
Lanzi.
Architect
and
PhD
in
Urbanism
and
Urban
Design,
he
developed
his
career
by
working
on
the
field
of
planning
and
urban
design,
with
particular
attention
to
the
issue
of
critical
urban
areas
and
urban
regeneration.
He
was
adjunct
professor
in
the
Master
of
Science
Degree
in
Regional,
Urban
and
Environmental
Planning
at
the
University
of
Naples
and
is
currently
a
Research
Fellow
in
the
P .R.I.N.
research
Re-cycle
Italy.
Daniele
C annatella.
U rban
P lanner
a nd
P hD
S tudent
in
U rbanism
a nd
E nvironmental
A ssessment
a t
the
D epartment
o f
A rchitecture,
University
of
Naples.
The
main
subject
of
his
research
is
the
relationship
between
water
and
cities
in
coastal
areas.
He
attended
a
Master
in
Sustainable
Planning
and
Design
of
port
areas.
He
is
Lab
member
in
the
Unit
of
Naples
within
P.R.I.N.
research
Recycle
Italy.
Emanuela
De
Marco.
Urban
planner
and
PhD
Student
in
Urbanism
and
Urban
Design
at
the
Department
of
Architecture,
University
of
Naples.
Her
research
is
about
methods
for
a
safe
regeneration
of
contemporary
city
as
tool
for
risk
mitigation
and
resilience
improvement.
S he
is
Lab
m ember
in
the
U nit
o f
N aples
w ithin
P .R.I.N.
research
Recycle
Italy.
Sposito
Sabrina.
Urban
Planner
and
PhD
Student
in
Urbanism
and
Urban
Design
at
the
Department
of
Architecture,
University
of
Naples.
She
attended
a
Master
in
Sustainable
Planning
and
Design
of
port
areas.
She
is
Lab
member
in
the
Unit
of
Naples
within
P.R.I.N.
research
Recycle
Italy.
H er
m ain
subject
o f
studies
is
the
role
o f
w ater
in
contemporary
u rbanism.
085:012