1/27/2017 PropaneWikipedia

Propane
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Propane(/propen/)isathreecarbonalkanewiththe Propane
molecularformulaC3H8,agas,atstandardtemperatureand
pressure,butcompressibletoatransportableliquid.Aby
productofnaturalgasprocessingandpetroleumrefining,itis
commonlyusedasafuelforengines,oxygastorches,portable
stoves,andresidentialcentralheating.Propaneisoneofagroup
ofliquefiedpetroleumgases(LPgases).Theothersinclude
butane,propylene,butadiene,butylene,isobutylene,and
mixturesthereof.

Names
Contents PreferredIUPACname
Propane[1]
1 History
SystematicIUPACname
2 Sources
3 Propertiesandreactions Tricarbane(neverrecommended[1])
3.1 Energycontent Identifiers
3.2 Density CASNumber 74986(http://www.commonc
4 Uses
4.1 Domesticandindustrialfuel hemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.as
4.2 Refrigeration px?ref=74986)
4.2.1 Inmotorvehicles 3Dmodel(Jmol) Interactiveimage(http://chema
4.3 Motorfuel
pps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?m
4.4 Improvisedexplosivedevices
4.5 Otheruses odel=CCC)
5 Hazards BeilsteinReference 1730718
6 Comparisonwithnaturalgas ChEBI CHEBI:32879(https://www.eb
7 Retailcost
i.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebi
7.1 UnitedStates
8 Seealso Id=32879)
9 References ChEMBL ChEMBL135416(https://www.
10 Externallinks ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/c
ompound/inspect/ChEMBL135
416)
History ChemSpider 6094(http://www.chemspider.c
om/ChemicalStructure.6094.ht
Propanewasfirstidentifiedasavolatilecomponentingasoline
byWalterO.SnellingoftheU.S.BureauofMinesin1910.The ml)
volatilityoftheselighterhydrocarbonscausedthemtobeknown ECHAInfoCard 100.000.753(https://echa.europ
as"wild"becauseofthehighvaporpressuresofunrefined a.eu/substanceinformation//su
gasoline.OnMarch31,theNewYorkTimesreportedon bstanceinfo/100.000.753)
Snelling'sworkwithliquefiedgasandthat"asteelbottlewill
ECNumber 2008279
carryenoughgastolightanordinaryhomeforthreeweeks."[5]
Enumber E944(glazingagents,...)
GmelinReference 25044
KEGG D05625(http://www.kegg.jp/en

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane 1/10
1/27/2017 PropaneWikipedia

ItwasduringthistimethatSnelling,incooperationwithFrank try/D05625)
P.Peterson,ChesterKerr,andArthurKerr,createdwaysto
PubChem 6334(https://pubchem.ncbi.nl
liquefytheLPgasesduringtherefiningofnaturalgasoline.
m.nih.gov/compound/6334)
Together,theyestablishedAmericanGasolCo.,thefirst
commercialmarketerofpropane.Snellinghadproduced RTECSnumber TX2275000
relativelypurepropaneby1911,andonMarch25,1913,his UNII T75W9911L6(http://fdasis.nl
methodofprocessingandproducingLPgaseswasissuedpatent m.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regn
#1,056,845.[6]AseparatemethodofproducingLPgasthrough o=T75W9911L6)
compressionwascreatedbyFrankPetersonanditspatent
UNnumber 1978
grantedonJuly2,1912.[7]
InChI
The1920ssawincreasedproductionofLPgas,withthefirst SMILES
yearofrecordedproductiontotaling223,000USgallons
Properties[2]
(840m3)in1922.In1927,annualmarketedLPgasproduction
Chemicalformula C3H8
reached1millionUSgallons(3,800m3),andby1935,the
annualsalesofLPgashadreached56millionUSgallons Molarmass 44.10gmol1
(210,000m3).Majorindustrydevelopmentsinthe1930s Appearance Colorlessgas
includedtheintroductionofrailroadtankcartransport,gas
Odor Odorless
odorization,andtheconstructionoflocalbottlefillingplants.
Theyear1945markedthefirstyearthatannualLPgassales Density 2.0098kg/m3(at0C,101.3
reachedabilliongallons.By1947,62%ofallU.S.homeshad kPa)
beenequippedwitheithernaturalgasorpropaneforcooking.[6] Meltingpoint 187.7C305.8F85.5K
Boilingpoint 42.25to42.04C44.05to
In1950,1,000propanefueledbuseswereorderedbythe
ChicagoTransitAuthority,andby1958,salesintheU.S.had 43.67F230.90to231.11K

reached7billionUSgallons(26,000,000m3)annually.In2004 Solubilityinwater 47
itwasreportedtobeagrowing$8billionto$10billionindustry
mgL1(at0C)
withover15billionUSgallons(57,000,000m3)ofpropane
beingusedannuallyintheU.S.[8] logP 2.236
Vaporpressure 853.16kPa(at21.1C
The"prop"rootfoundin"propane"andnamesofother
(70.0F))
compoundswiththreecarbonchainswasderivedfrom
Henry'slaw 15nmolPa1kg1
"propionicacid",[9]whichinturnwasnamedaftertheGreek
constant(kH)
wordsprotos(meaningfirst)andpion(fat).
Magnetic 40.5106cm3/mol
susceptibility()
Sources Thermochemistry
Specific 73.60JK1mol1
Propaneisproducedasabyproductoftwootherprocesses, heatcapacity(C)
naturalgasprocessingandpetroleumrefining.Theprocessingof
Stdenthalpyof 105.2104.2kJmol1
naturalgasinvolvesremovalofbutane,propane,andlarge o
formation(fH 298)
amountsofethanefromtherawgas,inordertoprevent
condensationofthesevolatilesinnaturalgaspipelines. Stdenthalpyof 2.21972.2187MJmol1
Additionally,oilrefineriesproducesomepropaneasaby combustion
productofcrackingpetroleumintogasolineorheatingoil. (cHo298)
Hazards
Thesupplyofpropanecannoteasilybeadjustedtomeet
increaseddemand,becauseofthebyproductnatureofpropane Safetydatasheet See:datapage
production.About90%ofU.S.propaneisdomestically GHSpictograms
produced.TheUnitedStatesimportsabout10%ofthepropane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane 2/10