(Ebook - English) US Army - Engineer Course en 5266 - Construction Equipment - Maintenance Concepts and Operations

SUBCOURSE EDITION
EN5266 7
US ARMY ENGINEER SCHOOL
ENGINEER CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
CONCEPTS AND
OPERATIONS
ENGINEERCONSTRUCTIONEQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCECONCEPTSANDOPERATIONS
SUBCOURSENOEN5266
USArmyEngineerSchool
FortLeonardWood,Missouri
NineCreditHours
GENERAL
Thissubcourseisdesignedtoteachtheknowledgeandskillsnecessaryfor
performing tasks relating to the administration and management of a
maintenance activity at unit level. This subcourse is presented in four
lessons,eachcorrespondingtoaspecificlearningobjective.
Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used in this

publication,bothmenandwomenareincluded.
* * * IMPORTANT NOTICE * * *
THE PASSING SCORE FOR ALL ACCP MATERIAL IS NOW 70%
PLEASE DISREGARD ALL REFERENCES TO THE 75% REQUIREMENT.
i
Lesson1:FUNDAMENTALSOFMAINTENANCESUPERVISION
TASK
Describe the basic procedures required for supervision of a unitlevel

maintenanceactivity.
CONDITIONS
You will be given information describing the Army Maintenance System,

responsibilities for maintenance supervision, and how to write standing
operatingprocedures(SOP).
STANDARDS
Youareexpectedtodemonstratecompetencyofthetaskskillsandknowledge
by responding correctly to 70 percent of the examination questions
pertainingtothislesson.
(ThisobjectivesupportsSoldier'sManual(SM)Tasks051235,3411,Supervise
Personnel Adjusting, Repairing, and Replacing Parts and/or Components on
EngineerConstructionEquipment;and0512354420,AssisttheCommanderin
PreparingaShopMaintenanceSOP.)
Lesson2:FUNDAMENTALSOFMAINTENANCEOPERATIONS
TASK
Describebasicmaintenanceoperations.
CONDITIONS
Youwillbegiveninformationdescribingworkloadorganization,inspections,
andtheArmyOilAnalysisProgram.
STANDARDS
(This objective supports SM Tasks 0512352490, Perform an Organizational

Inspection; 0512353441, Perform an Initial Maintenance Inspection; 051
2353442,PerformaFinal
ii
MaintenanceInspection;and0512354425,PlanandConductWorkflow.)
Lesson3:TACTICALANDGARRISONMAINTENANCESITES
TASK
Describe the procedures for establishing both tactical and garrison

maintenancefacilities.
CONDITIONS
You will be given information describing the correct procedures for

establishingtacticalandgarrisonmaintenance.
STANDARDS
byrespondingto70percentoftheexaminationquestionspertainingtothis
lesson.
(ThisobjectivesupportsSMTasks0512353424,EstablishaTacticalMotor
Pool; and 0512354430, Determine the Site for a Tactical Maintenance
Facility.)
Lesson4:FUNDAMENTALSOFSUPPLYOPERATIONS
TASK
Describecorrectproceduresforconductingsupplyoperationsinaunitlevel
maintenancefacility.
CONDITIONS
You will be given information describing supply operations which must be

conductedbyaunitlevelmaintenance.
STANDARDS
(ThisobjectivesupportsSMTask0512353416,InventoryToolKitsandTool
Sets.)
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
GENERAL....................................................................i
INTRODUCTION.............................................................vii
Lesson1: FUNDAMENTALSOFMAINTENANCESUPERVISION....................1
LearningEvent1: TheArmyMaintenanceSystem...................2
LearningEvent2: MaintenanceSupervision
Responsibilities..............................7
LearningEvent3: MaintenanceSupervision......................17
LearningEvent4: StandingOperatingProcedure.................21
ReviewExercise...................................................23
ReviewExerciseSolutions.........................................27
Lesson2: FUNDAMENTALSOFMAINTENANCEOPERATIONS....................28
LearningEvent1: WorkloadOrganization........................29
LearningEvent2: Inspections..................................43
LearningEvent3: ArmyOilAnalysisProgram....................57
ReviewExercise...................................................71
ReviewExerciseSolutions.........................................75
Lesson3:TACTICALANDGARRISONMAINTENANCESITES...................76
LearningEvent1: TacticalMaintenanceSites...................77
LearningEvent2: GarrisonMaintenanceSites...................89
ReviewExercise...................................................97
ReviewExerciseSolutions........................................100
Lesson4: FUNDAMENTALSOFSUPPLYOPERATIONS........................101
LearningEvent1: SupplyProceduresand
Terminology................................................102
LearningEvent2:PrescribedLoadList,
RequestingSupplies,SupplyStatus,
Cancellation,TurnInProcedures...........................107
LearningEvent3:Inventories,Toolroom
Control,HandReceipts.....................................132
LearningEvent4:Accountabilityand
Responsibility,HandlingofDamagedProperty,
ReportofSurvey...........................................144
ReviewExercise..................................................155
ReviewExerciseSolutions........................................163
iv
ExtractofFM292:AppendixB,SampleBattalion
MaintenanceStandingOperatingProcedure.................................164
EXAMINATION..............................................................E1
STUDENTINQUIRYSHEET(SUBCOURSECONTENT).....................FollowingExam
STUDENTINQUIRYSHEET(ADMINISTRATIVE)........................FollowingExam
v
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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INTRODUCTION
TheArmy'smission"toperformpromptandsustainedcombatonland"implies
thereadinesstogoatanytimewithwhatwehaveinmanpowerandmaterial
resources. Effective firepower and mobility depend on our ability to
perform the maintenance necessary to keep equipment and material in
operating condition. To maintain combat effectiveness, we need to
strengthenourentiremaintenancesystem,withemphasisontheuserlevel.
Our equipment continually becomes more complex. This all adds to the
requirementforimprovedmaintenanceatalllevels.Thegrowingdemandsfor
force readiness mean that we must approach our maintenance responsibility
withaddedenthusiasm.Howdoesasupervisormanagemaintenance?Whydoes
he or she manage maintenance? What about all the other things that a
supervisormustmanage,suchassupply,training,operations,andpersonnel?
Thissubcourseanswerssomeofthosequestions.
vii
Lesson1
LESSON1
FUNDAMENTALSOFMAINTENANCESUPERVISION
TASK
Describe the basic procedures required for supervision of a unitlevel

maintenanceactivity.
CONDITIONS
You will be given information describing the Army Maintenance System,

responsibilitiesformaintenancesupervision,andhowtowriteSOPs;anACCP
ExaminationResponseSheet;andaNo.2pencil.
STANDARDS
REFERENCES
DAPam738750
FM292
1
Lesson1/LearningEvent1
LearningEvent1
THEARMYMAINTENANCESYSTEM
Unit maintenance is one part of an overall system to provide maintenance

supporttotheArmy'sequipment.Thesystemismadeupofthreelevels,as
showninTable1below. Eachlevelmakesadifferentcontributiontothe
overallsystem.
TABLE1.THEARMYMAINTENANCESYSTEM
2
Themaintenancesystemsustainsthecombatpowerwhichcanbeplacedagainst
theenemy.Itinfluencestheoutcomeofabattlebyreturningequipmentto
the combat unit while that battle is still being fought. Obviously,
equipmentthattakeslongertorepaircannotbeusedtohelpwinacurrent
battle, but it can contribute to winning future battles. Table 2
illustratesthebattlefieldroleofthevariousmaintenancelevels.
TABLE2.BATTLEFIELDROLESBYMAINTENANCELEVEL
3
The change to threelevel Maintenance is based on the need to support a

highly mobile and sophisticated fighting system and the relative lack of
mobility by the old general support units that were in the corps area.
Table3showsacomparisonoftheoldandnewsystemsandtheirarrayonthe
battlefield.
TABLE3.OLDANDNEWARMYMAINTENANCESYSTEMS
UNITMAINTENANCE
Thislevelofthenewsystemcorrespondstotheoperatorandorganizational
categories of the old system. Maintenance is characterized by quick
turnaround timeofreplacementofpartsandminorrepairs. Operatorsand
maintenancepersonnelmakemaximumuseofbuiltintestequipment(BITE)to
support battle damage assessment and repair (BDAR). Systems mechanics
provideindepthtechnicalskillattheunitlevel. Repairpartsstockage
is based on combat prescribed load lists (PLL), which consist of demand
supportitemsdesiredinstockandthoseitemsrequiredforstockagebya
maintenancepartslist(MPL).Directexchange(DX)isusedtosupportquick
turnaround. Repair times at this level generally do not exceed 4 to 6
hours.
4
INTERMEDIATEMAINTENANCE
Thislevelhastwocategories:intermediatedirectsupport(IDS)maintenance
andintermediategeneralsupport(IGS)maintenance,asfollows:
TheIDSmaintenanceunitsareemployedatdifferentlocations,butthetasks
performedarethesame.Theseunitsarefoundinthebrigade,division,and
corps,andintheechelonsabovecorps(EAC)areas.Selectednondivisional
IDS maintenance units provide backup maintenance support to divisional
maintenance units. This type of maintenance is characterized by repair,
replacement, high mobility, forward orientation, and maintaining a high
volume,fastmovingoperationalreadinessfloat(ORF).Unitscanbereadily
organized into teams to support specific systems and to project support
forwardonthebattlefield.Suitcasetypeautomatictestequipment(ATE)is
usedtosupportBDAR.Repairpartsstockageisbasedonacombatauthorized
stockage list (ASL). Divisional IDS maintenance units are structured to
providededicatedsupporttobrigadesandbattalions.Thisincludesrepair
of selected highusage components for DX. Repair times generally do not
exceed36hours.
TheIGSmaintenanceunitsarelocatedbehindthecorpsandprovidesupport
tothetheatersupplysystemthroughrepairofclassVIIandclassIXitems.
Their workisjoborpromotionorientedandisperformedbymodularunits
with commodityoriented platoons in semifixed facilities. Teams may be
added to provide an area support capability as required. The General
Support (GS)typeATEisusedtosupportoperations. TheIGSmaintenance
unitsdonothaveanASL;however,theymaintainashopstockasrequired
forassignedmissions.Theunitsmaintaintheaterreservestocksinoverall
supportoftheaterrequirements.
DEPOTMAINTENANCE
Maintenance at this level is productionlineorientedandisperformed in

supportofthesupplysystem. Workisdonebyspecialrepairactivities,
UnitedStatesArmyMaterielCommand(AMC)depotemployees,and/orcontractor
personnel. The unit missions support overseas propositioning of materiel
configuredtounitsets(POMCUS),repaircyclefloat(RCF),andwarreserve
stocks. Repair parts supply support for depot maintenance is limited to
itemstosupportassignedmaintenancemissions.
5
Asasupervisor,youmustrememberthatunitmaintenanceisthefoundation
oftheArmy's. maintenancesystem. Itsupportstheneedsoftheuserby
keeping equipment in operation. The quality and timeliness of unit
maintenanceoperationsdirectlyaffectthecombatreadinessoftheArmy.
6
LearningEvent2
MAINTENANCESUPERVISIONRESPONSIBILITIES
Allsupervisorshavecertainresponsibilitiesforpersonnelandmaintenance
supervision. Personnel are the most important resource and, as a
supervisor,youmustensurethatthisresourceisnotwasted. Agoalfor
the maintenance supervisor to establish is to have all table(s) of
organization and equipment (TOE) slots filled with personnel holding the
correct military occupational specialty (MOS) and pay grade. One of the
mostdifficultjobsofthemaintenancesupervisoristoestablishpriorities
inthefaceofconflictingrequirements.Thesupervisormustworkwiththe
assignedpersonneltoensurethatthey
Areusedcorrectlywithintheunit.
Areaccountedfor.
Aresupervised.
Aremotivated.
Havetheirskillsdeveloped.
Allpersonnel,fromthebattalioncommandertothevehicledriver,playan
important part in the supervision of resources such as manpower. All
resourcesmustbeinsufficientquantitywhenneeded,ifthemaintenancejob
istobecompleted.
In this learning event, the maintenanceresponsibilitiesofeachlevel of

command,fromsquadleadertobattalioncommander,willbediscussedandyou
willbeshownhoweachlevelinterfaceswiththeotherlevels.
PERSONNELRESPONSIBILITIES
PlatoonLeader.Theplatoonleaderisresponsibleforallmattersrelating
tothediscipline,training,welfare,andcontrolofpersonnelassignedto
theplatoon.Theplatoonleaderisdirectlyresponsiblefor
Advisingtheunitcommanderofplatoonrequirementsinthemaintenance
program.
Executingthemaintenanceprogramattheplatoonlevel.
7
Recommending program changes to the company commander to facilitate

missionrequirements.
Coordinatingplatoonmaintenancerequirementswiththemotorofficer.
EnsuringplatooncompliancewiththeunitmaintenanceSOP.
Managingtheplatoonmaintenancetrainingprogram.
Accounting for the availability and serviceability of platoon

equipment.
Reporting vehicle and equipment status to the motor officer as

required.
Ensuringtheavailabilityofallpersonnelwhenrequiredservicesare
dueonplatoonequipment.
Accounting for everything the platoon does or fails to do in the

maintenancearea.
Platoon Sergeant. Theplatoonsergeantassiststheplatoonleaderinall

mattersrelatingtodiscipline,training,welfare,andcontrolofpersonnel
assigned to the platoon. The platoon sergeant's maintenance
responsibilitiesinclude
Advisingtheplatoonleaderonmaintenancerequirements.
Assisting the platoon leader in the execution of the maintenance

program.
Recommending changes to the platoon leader to facilitate mission

accomplishment.
Ensuringtheavailabilityofneededexpendablestosupporttheplatoon
maintenanceprogram.
Coordinating platoon maintenance requirements with the unit motor

sergeant.
Supervisingtheplatoonmaintenanceprogram.
Ensuring that the platoon vehicle and equipment status reports are
preparedandsubmitted.
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Lessonl/LearningEvent2
SquadLeader.Thesquadleaderisthelinkbetweentheplatoonsergeantand
the personnel in the squad. He assists the platoon sergeant in matters
relating to maintenance, discipline, training, welfare, and control of
personnelassignedtohissquad. Heisresponsiblefortheaccountability
ofhispersonnelatalltimes.Thesquadleaderensuresthathispersonnel
comply with the maintenance SOP and is responsible for ensuring that his
vehiclesandequipmentarescheduledformaintenancewhennecessaryandare
alwaysinanoperationalcondition.
MotorSergeant.Theunitmotorsergeantisthenoncommissionedofficerin
charge(NCOIC)ofthemaintenancesection.Heassiststhemotorofficerin
all matters relating to discipline,training,welfare,andcontrol of the
peopleassignedtothemaintenancesection. Themotorsergeantsupervises
andassiststheunit'smaintenancepersonnelandequipmentoperators/crews
in the proper performance of unit maintenance on organizational vehicles,
materials handling equipment, electrical power generating equipment, and
similar unit items. The motor sergeant's responsibilities include the
following:
Controllingthedailydispatchingofunitvehiclesandequipment.
Maintaining required records and reports pertaining to equipment

operationandmaintenance.
Instructing and assisting less skilled personnel in the proper

operatingandmaintenancepracticesandprocedures.
Assisting motor pool personnel in the correct interpretation and

application of instructions contained in appropriate technical manuals,
technicalbulletins,lubricationorders,modificationworkorders,andother
publications and directives pertaining to the maintenance of vehicles and
equipment.
Planning and organizing work schedules and coordinating equipment

downtimeformaintenancewiththeusingsection.
Assigning duties to the unit mechanics and personnel under his

control.
DraftingandimplementingtheunitshopoperationsSOP.
9
MotorOfficer.Themotorofficerpositionisanadditionaldutyassignedto
anofficer,normallytheexecutiveofficer,oftheunit.Themotorofficer
isresponsibleforthefollowing:
Developingtheunitmaintenanceprogram.
Coordinatingmaintenanceoperationswithsupportingunits.
DraftingtheunitmaintenanceSOP.
Briefing all incoming officers and noncommissioned officers (NCO) on

theunitmaintenanceSOP.
Keepingthecommanderinformeddailyontheoperationalstatusofall
equipment.
Monitoring all aspects of unit maintenance operations to ensure

maximumeffectiveutilizationofresourcesandequipment.
Planning and organizing work schedules and coordinating equipment

downtimeformaintenancewiththeusingsection.
Assigningdutiestotheunitmotorsergeant.
First Sergeant. The first sergeant is the senior NCO of the unit. The
firstsergeantshouldbethesourceofmostoftheguidancereceivedbythe
platoonsergeantsandtheunitcommander'ssourceofinformationandadvice
onallmatterspertainingtothesoldiers. Inthemaintenancerealm,the
firstsergeantsetstheexampleforallothersoldiersby
Attendingscheduledmaintenanceperiods.
Ensuringthatallfirstlinesupervisors,platoonsergeants,andstaff
NCOsattendandparticipateduringscheduledmaintenanceperiods.
Knowingtheunit'spersonnelgains,losses,strengths,andweaknesses
andadvisingthecommanderaccordingly.
Checkingmaintenanceoperationscontinually,fromtheoperatorthrough
themotorsergeant,andcorrectingwherenecessary.
10
Identifying maintenance operational weaknesses and executing

corrective actions through the NCO chain, advising the commander as
appropriate.
UnitCommander.Theunitcommanderisresponsibleforallmattersrelating
to mission accomplishment, discipline, training, welfare, and control of
personnelandequipmentassignedtotheunit.Hemustsuperviseandensure
timelycompletionofallcompanyactivities.Hisresponsibilitiesinclude
Analyzingtheunitmaintenancesituation.
Directing the unit motor officer to prepare the unit maintenance

programinlinewiththebattalionprogram.
Providingcommandguidancetotheunitmotorofficer.
Directingimplementationoftheunitmaintenanceprogram.
Supervisingtheexecutionofthemaintenanceprogram.
Evaluatingthemaintenanceprogram.
Suggestingchangestothebattalionmaintenanceprogram.
BattalionMaintenanceSergeant. Thebattalionmaintenancesergeantisthe
NCOICoforganicmotorpooloperations.Heisdirectlyresponsibleforthe
following:
Supervisingshopoperations.
Makingdailyworkassignments.
Supervising scheduled maintenance services, tests, troubleshooting

repairs,useoftoolsandtestequipment,replacementofparts,safety,and
onthejob(OJT)programs.
DraftingandmaintainingtheshopoperationSOP.
Controllingthedailydispatchingofbattalionvehicles.
Providingassistancetocompanymotorsergeantswhenneeded.
11
BattalionMaintenanceTechnician(CombatServiceSupportunitsonly). The
battalion maintenance technician is the technical expert in the battalion
maintenance operation. He is the principal assistant to the battalion
maintenanceofficer(BMO).Hisresponsibilitiesinclude
Organizingandsupervisingtherecordsandqualitycontrolsections.
Supervisingunitmaintenanceofmaterialandauxiliaryequipment.
Controlling the flow of repair parts requests and assisting in the

schedulingofmaintenanceandrepairsfromthecompaniestotheIDSunit.
Monitoring preventive maintenanceservices,directingqualitycontrol

inspectionsofmaintenanceoperationsandrecords,andanalyzingequipment
deficienciesandfailures.
RecommendingnewmaintenanceprocedurestotheBMO.
ReviewingequipmentstatusreportsfortheBMO.
ServingasbattalionmaintenanceofficerintheabsenceoftheBMO.
Battalion Maintenance Officer. The BMO is the battalion commander for

maintenanceoperations. TheBMOkeepsthecommanderandstaffinformedof
the operational status of material and auxiliary equipment. The BMO's
responsibilitiesinclude
Analyzingthemaintenancesituation.
Planningandevaluatingthemaintenanceprogram.
CoordinatingoperationswithIDSunitsandotherunits,asrequired.
Supervisingprescribedloadlist(PLL)supplyaswellasrecoveryand
evacuationofequipment,components,andparts.
Supervising maintenance services and monitoring the training and

licensingofvehicledriversandequipmentoperators.
Monitoringandcoordinatingunitmaintenanceoperations.
12
Compilingandconsolidatingmaterialconditionstatusreportsforthe
commander.
Ensuring that all recurring maintenance reports are consolidated and

forwardedtohigherheadquartersasrequired.
DraftingandmaintainingthemaintenanceannextothebattalionSOP.
BriefingallincomingofficersonthemaintenanceSOP.
Battalion Supply Officer. The battalion supply officer (S4) is very

importanttothemaintenanceandsupplyoperationsofthebattalion.TheS4
isresponsiblefor
Monitoringequipmentshortages.
Monitoringvehicleageandmileage.
CoordinatingwiththeBMOonturninprocedures.
Monitoring changes in equipment (deletions and additions of basic

issueitems(BII),toolsets,andkits).
Allocatingfundsfortoolsandhousekeepingitems.
Ensuringthatorganicandattachedunitsareprovidedrations,water,
gasoline,lubricants,unitandindividualsupplies,andammunition.
Advising the battalion commander on the status of unit supply and

maintenance.
Maintainingpropertybooksfororganicunitswhenrequired.
Ensuring that unit supply operations are conducted according to

regulations,includingrepairpartssupply.
13
CommandSergeantMajor.Thebattalioncommandsergeantmajoristhesenior
NCOoftheunit.Thecommandsergeantmajorshouldbethesourceofmostof
the guidance received by the first sergeant, and should be the battalion
commander's source of informationandadviceonallmatterspertaining to
soldiers.Inthemaintenancerealmofresponsibility,thecommandsergeant
majorsetstheexampleforallothersoldiersby
Attendingscheduledmaintenanceperiods.
Ensuring that the unit first sergeants and staff NCOs, as well as
firstline supervisors, attend and participate in scheduled maintenance
periods.
Checkingmaintenanceoperationscontinually,fromtheoperatorthrough
thebattalionmotorsergeant,andcorrectingwhereapplicable.
Identifying maintenance operational weaknesses and executing

correctiveactionthroughtheNCOchain.
Knowingtheunits'personnelgains,losses,strengths,andweaknesses
andadvisingthebattalioncommanderaccordingly.
BattalionExecutiveOfficer. Thebattalionexecutiveofficer(XO)actsas
principal assistant and advisor to the battalion commander. The XO
supervisesthedetailsofoperationandadministration,therebyenablingthe
commandertodevotemaximumtimetoneworunusualproblems. TheXOkeeps
abreast ofthelogisticalandtacticalsituationsandfutureplansandis
constantlypreparedtoassumecommandintheabsenceofthecommander.The
responsibilitiesoftheXOinthemaintenancefieldare
Supervising plans and reviewing periodic and special reports to be

submittedtohigherheadquarters.
Servingasbattalionlogisticsreadinessofficer.
Directingstaffanalysisofthemaintenancesituations.
Evaluatingthemaintenanceprogram.
Recommendingchangestothemaintenanceprogram.
14
Battalion Commander. The battalion commander commands and provides

directiontotheunitsofthebattalion.Heassignsthedutiesofthestaff
officers and establishes the necessary policies and guidelines that will
enablethebattaliontoeffectivelyaccomplishitsmaintenanceprogram.The
battalion commander's specific responsibilitiesinthemaintenanceprogram
include
Rendering advice and assistance in planning the program for unit

maintenance that is performed by maintenance personnel on battalion
equipment.
Exercising command supervisionovermaintenanceactivitiesthroughout

thebattalion.
Advisingbrigadeorhigherheadquartersofallaspectsofmaintenance
and repair parts supply requirements and repair parts supply support,
problemareas,recommendedsolutions,andanticipatedrequirements.
Directingmaintenanceandrepairpartssupplypoliciesandguidelines
withinthebattalion.
Monitoring The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS) data

accumulators,analysis,andtransmission.
SAFETYRESPONSIBILITIES
Safety is a command responsibility, and commanders at every level are

responsible for conducting a continuous, vigorous effort to prevent
accidents in all operations and activities. Commanders must ensure that
adequate provisions for safe practices and physical standards are
incorporatedintoalldirectives,SOPs,andtrainingdoctrine.
All supervisory personnel assist the commander in the unit accident

preventionprogrambyrequiringadherencetoestablishedsafetyprocedures.
They orient new personnel, teach safe practices, enforce rules and
regulations,investigateaccidents,prepareandsubmitaccidentreports,and
conduct safety inspections and safety meetings as required. No one is
better qualified or in a more strategic position to discover and correct
safetyhazardsthanthesupervisorswithinanactivity.Theydealdirectly
withboththeworkerandthejob.Theyareinthebestpositiontoimprove
the worker's skill, knowledge of the job, and attitudes toward the job.
Additionally,theyinsistonsafe
15
practices on the job and ensure that unsafe working conditions are
corrected. Whentheyfailinanyoneoftheseresponsibilities,theycan
expect inefficient and costly results. Supervision is a method of
preventing accidents through continuousinstructionandguidance,official
persuasion, and recourse to enforcementwhennecessary. Supervision is a
basicaccidentpreventioncontrol;itisbasedontheprinciplethatsafety
standardscanbeensuredifthetraininganddevelopmentofgoodworkhabits
are provided. Individual competency will then be ensured regardless of
whetherornotthesupervisorisinthearea. Whenasupervisorfailsin
this respect, constant observation and frequent enforcement become
necessary.
During this learning event, we discussed the maintenance responsibilities

fromthesquadleadertothebattalioncommanderandhowtheyinterfacewith
eachother.Rememberthathoweverwelldevelopedaprogrammaybe,itwill
failorbeinefficientifthesupervisorsdonotapplythemselves.
16
LearningEvent3
MAINTENANCESUPERVISION
Maintenance management is the way the commander brings together people,

equipment,tools,supplies,repairparts,facilities,publications,andtime
topromoteoperationalreadiness.
SUPERVISORYFUNCTIONS
The supervisory process is organized into five functions: planning,

organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling. The supervisor
usually deals with several or all of them at the same time. Feedback
enablesthesupervisortoevaluatethesituationandadjusttheprocessto
reach the desired goal. Let us look briefly at each of the supervisory
functions.
Plan. Planning shows the way to reach a goal or objective. The

supervisor must have a clear idea of what needs to be done. Once the
objectiveisknown,thesupervisoroutlinesthestepstoreachit.Judgment
and experience are used to develop a plan that will get the job done on
time,withinrequiredstandards,andwiththeleastresources.
Organize. The organizing function provides a tentative list of

requiredresourcesandascheduleformeetingtheplan.
Coordinate. Detailed coordination ensures that resources will be

availableandthattheorganizationcansupporttheplan.
Direct. When resources have been organized and coordinated, the

supervisordirectstheirapplicationaccordingtotheplan.
Control.Thesupervisorcontrolstheuseofresourcestoensurethat
workisonscheduleandaccordingtothedesiredstandards. Thechainof
command usually assists in this function. Feedback from reports and
personalobservationensuresthattheoperationisbeingcarriedout.When
the objective or level of resources changes, the supervisor may need to
modifytheoriginalplan.Thecyclerepeatsuntilthejobisdone.
17
SUPERVISORYTECHNIQUES
Maintenancesupervisionisademandinganddifficultjobandisinfluenced
bymanyfactors.Thereisusuallyahighsenseofurgencytogetresults.
There are conflicting demands forthesupervisor'stime. Eachsupervisor
developsanindividualstyletomeetthechallengesofthejob. Thereare
differentapproachestosupervision,butthefollowingaremostcommon:
Reactive Management. The inexperienced supervisor usually reacts to

requirementsastheyoccurandconfrontsonechallengeatatime. Thisis
called reactive or crisis management. The theory is to concentrate
resourcesagainstaparticularrequirement,overwhelmit,andmoveon.This
workswellinatruecrisis.Indaytodaymaintenanceoperations,however,
there is seldom one crisis at atime. Unitmissionrequirementsand the
trainingschedulechangefrequently.Whatisimportanttodaymaynotbeso
importanttomorrow. Thereactivemanagerhastoconstantlyjugglelimited
resources andstays too long onindividualprojectstoeffectively manage
theoveralloperation.
ProactiveManagement.Thestrategyofproactivemanagementistoinfluence
eventsbeforetheyhappen. Theproactivemanageranticipatesrequirements
and plans for the best use of resources. Time is his most important
resourceandheusesittogainthemostbenefitfortheorganization. He
directs the efforts of personnel productively while finding time for
management. The most important part of supervision is identifying
objectives and priorities. The proactive manager knows that effective
planningdependsondeterminingwhatneedstobedoneandinwhatsequence.
Hedirectsavailableresourcesfirsttowardthoseactionsthatwillbemost
productivefortheorganization.
SUPERVISORYFACTORS
Maintenance supervision deals with various factorscommand emphasis,

management supervision, motivation,skill,andresourceswhichaffect the
way the unit does its maintenance mission. The supervisor uses these
factors as tools to help him guide the effort in the proper direction.
Failuretoachievedesiredresultsoftenstemsfromfailureinoneormore
ofthemaintenancefactors. Correctiveactiondependsonthesupervisor's
abilitytorecognizewhichfactorsneedtobeinfluenced.
18
Command Emphasis. The commander sets the tone for what is and is not
important within his command. To place command emphasis on maintenance
operations, the commander must show an active interest in maintenance
operationsandthematerialreadinessofunitequipment.Commandemphasis,
the most important supervisory factor, influences maintenance and the
supervisormayuseittosupportthemission.Personalexamples,words,and
actionsarethebestmeanstodemonstratetheareastobeemphasized.
Management. The maintenance supervisor must constantly strive to improve

operations. Since the management process itself plays a key role in
maintenance operations, the supervisorshouldalwaysbealertforways to
improve planning, organizing, coordinating,directing,andcontrolling, as
well as obtaining feedback on results. Under the stress of daytoday
operationstheseelementslosevisibilityandmaynotseemtohaveadirect
bearingonmaterialreadiness.However,asmallimprovementinthe"system"
bringsgreateroverallbenefitsthana"heroic"effortononeortwoitems.
Supervision. The commander depends on the firstline supervisor for

accomplishing the mission and ensuring the welfare of the soldiers. The
supervisorisavitallinkinthechainofcommand.Receivinginstructions
and turning them into tangible results and passing along the commander's
requirementsareonlyminorresponsibilities. Themajorchallengeliesin
making sure the people being supervised can accomplish the mission. The
supervisor is the individual soldier's primary source of assistance and
furtherprofessionaldevelopment.Knowingpropermaintenanceproceduresand
beingtechnicallyproficientinthetaskstobedonebythesoldiers,the
supervisoralsoneedstoknowthestandardsandobjectivessetbythechain
of command so that the efforts of the soldiers are guided in the proper
direction. Being constantly aware of mission requirements and the
capabilities and limitations of the soldiers, the supervisor must look
beyond peacetime daytoday operations and train soldiers to support the
needsofthebattlefield.Nexttothemission,thewelfareofthesoldiers
andtheirprofessionaldevelopmentshouldbemostimportant.
19
Motivation. Motivation is the desire of the individual to perform a

specific task. The leadership demonstrated by commanders and supervisors
greatlyinfluencesthemotivationofsoldiersundertheircontrol. Strong
leadership is the key to motivation. The strong leader defines the
objectives,communicatesthem,evaluateshowwelltheyarebeingachieved,
andprovidesfeedbacktothepeopledoingthework. Mostsoldierswantto
perform well, but they must know "the rules of the game," the standards
expectedofthem,andhowtheyaredoing. Superiorachievementshouldbe
recognized, andthesupervisorshouldhaveanactiveinterestintheunit
awardprogram.
Skill.Skillisthetechnicalabilitytodothetasksassociatedwithone's
dutyposition.Trainingisthemeanswhichprovidesskillstoindividuals.
Theskillofthesoldiersisoneofthecommander'smostimportantassets.
The Army training system depends on the unit commander to continue the
trainingprocessbegunduringadvancedindividualtraining.Alargenumber
of training resources are available, and the commander and maintenance
supervisorshouldusethesetothemaximumadvantages. Soldier'smanuals,
individualjobbooks,skillqualificationtest(SQT)results,andpersonal
observation provide the firstline supervisor the means to evaluate and
improvetheskillsofthesoldiers.
Resources. Resourcesarethetangibleandintangibleassetsneededtoget
thejobdone.Theyincludepeople,toolsandtestequipment,repairparts,
publications, facilities, time, skills, funds, and other items. The
maintenance supervisor's goal should be to maintain readiness at the
required level with the least amount of resource expenditure. The
supervisor determines the resources needed to support specific mission
requirements and advises the commander on the logistic impact of various
coursesofaction.
20
LearningEvent4
STANDINGOPERATINGPROCEDURE
A standing operating procedure provides the foundation of the unit

maintenance program. The SOP is the standing order of the commanding
officer.Itcarriesthesameweightandauthorityasanyotherlawfulorder
ofthecommander.FailuretocomplywiththeSOPmaysubjectindividualsto
disciplinary action. The SOP is developed for common and repetitive
situations. It frees the supervisor to work on nonroutine projects or
problem areas. A sound maintenance SOP is essential to the success of
tacticaloperationsandadministrativeandlogisticalprocedures. TheSOP
providesaguideforinexperiencedpersonnel. CopiesoftheSOPshouldbe
availableforreadyreference.Newpersonnelshouldbebriefedontheunit
programandeitherprovidedacopyoftheSOPorshownwheretheycanget
one.
TheSOPisa"living"document.Itshouldbetailoredtotheneedsofthe
unit. Duties and responsibilities of maintenance personnel need to be
spelledout.Thesoldiersneedtoknowhowtheyareexpectedtocontribute
totheoverallprogram.TheSOPshouldbeprintedinthemosteffectiveand
convenientform.Whenabetterwayisfoundtodoanoperation,itshould
beincludedintheSOP.Changestothemaintenanceprogramshouldbeposted
intheunitSOP. Ifitisimpracticaltopostthechangestoallcopies,
oneortwocompleterecordcopiesshouldbemaintained. Whenpenandink
changesinterferewithclarityorcontinuity,anewprintingisneeded.The
commander must ensure that changes to the SOP are coordinated and that
everyoneunderstandsthenewprocedures.
CONSIDERATIONSFORANSOP
1. The SOP must provide a functional organization for maintenance and

recognize the need for mission accomplishment, quality workmanship,
andtoolcontrol.
2. Commandpoliciesshouldbebriefstatementsofwhatwillbedone.
3. Appendixesshouldbeusedfordetailedorganizationandprocedures.
4. Termsthatarenotcommonshouldbedefined.
21
5. Workflow, inspection, and verification of services should be

continuous.
6. Scholarlytreatment,staffjargon,anddirectivesreadilyavailablein
Army regulations, technical manuals, and other official publications
shouldbeavoided.
SOPFORMAT
AnSOPgenerallyhasastandardizedformatthatincludesaheading,abody,
andaclose(authentication).
Heading. The heading identifies the unit which prepared the SOP, its
location,andmailingaddress.Itgivesthedateofissue,providesafile
orSOPnumberforreference,andgivestheSOPtitle.
Body. TheinformationinthebodyoftheSOPistailoredtotheneedsof
thepreparingunit.
Close(Authentication).ThecloseoftheSOPcontainsthesignatureofthe
commander,alistoftheannexestotheSOP,andthedistribution.Whenthe
SOPisanannextoahigherleveldocument,theclosecontainsthesignature
of the authenticating officer of the responsible staff element. In this
case,thesignatureofthecommanderisnotrequired. RefertoExtractof
FM 292, Appendix B, Sample Battalion Maintenance Standing Operating
Procedure.
22
Lesson1/ReviewExercise
LESSON1
REVIEWEXERCISE
Check your understanding of Lesson 1 by completing this review exercise.

Try to complete it without looking back at the lesson. When you have
completedtheexercise,turntothesolutionsattheendofthelessonand
check your responses. If you do not understand a solution, go back and
restudythesectioninthislessonwheretheinformationisgiven.
1. Whichmaintenanceleveloperatesfromsemifixedshops?
A. Unit
B. IDS
C. IGS
D. Depot
2. Whichmaintenanceleveloperatesadirectexchangeactivity?
A. Unit
B. IDS
C. IGS
D. Depot
3. Whichmaintenancelevelsupportsthetheatersupplysystem?
A. Unit
B. IDS
C. IGS
D. Depot
23
4. Repairtimesatunitlevelgenerallydonotexceed__________hours.
A. 4to6
B. 6to8
C. 8to10
D. 10to12
5. Repair times at intermediate direct support level generally do not

exceed__________hours.
A. 12
3. 24
C. 36
D. 48
6. Anauthorizedstockagelistisnotmaintainedat__________level.
A. Unit
B. IDS
C. IGS
D. Depot
7. Divisional IDS maintenance units provide dedicated support to

__________.
A. Battalionsandbrigades
B. Brigadesanddivisions
C. Divisionsandcorps
D. CorpsandArmy
24
LessonI/ReviewExercise
8. Suitcasetype automatic test equipment (ATE) is used to support

__________.
A. ORF
B. BDAR
C. ASL
D. AMC
9. Who is responsible for executing the maintenance program at platoon

level?
A. Platoonleader
B. Platoonsergeant
C. Squadleader
D. Motorsergeant
10. Who is responsible for ensuring that all firstline supervisors,

platoon sergeants, and staff NCOs attend and participate during
scheduledcompanymaintenanceperiods?
A. Platoonleader
B. Platoonsergeant
C. Companycommander
D. Firstsergeant
11. Which of the following tasks is not a maintenance responsibility of

thebattalionXO?
A. Evaluatingthemaintenanceprogram
B. Servingasbattalionlogisticsreadinessofficer
C. Recommendingchangestothemaintenanceprogram
D. Allocatingfundsfortoolsandhousekeepingitems
25
12. The most important supervisory factor in the maintenance mission is

__________.
A. Commandemphasis
B. Management
C. Supervision
D. Motivation
13. TheunitSOPcarriesthesameweightandauthorityasa/an__________.
A. Armyregulation
B. Postregulation
C. Commandbulletin
D. Lawfulorder
14. ThestandardizedformatforanSOPincludesabody,aclose,anda/an
__________.
A. Introduction
B. Reading
C. Index
D. Preamble
15. The technical ability to do the tasks associated with one's duty
positionisa/an__________.
A. Resource
B. Act
C. Trade
D. Skill
26
Lesson1/ReviewExerciseSolutions
REVIEWEXERCISESOLUTIONS
1. C(page2)
2. B(page2)
3. C(page2)
4. A(page4)
5. C(page5)
6. C(page5)
7. A(page5)
8. B(page5)
9. A(page7)
10. D(page10)
11. D(page14)
12. A(page19)
13. D(page21)
14. B(page22)
15. D(page20)
27
Lesson2
LESSON2
FUNDAMENTALSOFMAINTENANCEOPERATIONS
TASK
Describebasicmaintenanceoperations.
CONDITIONS
Youwillbegiveninformationdescribingworkloadorganization,inspections,
andtheArmyOilAnalysisProgram;anACCPExaminationResponseSheet;anda
No.2pencil.
STANDARDS
REFERENCES
AR72550
AR7501
AR75022
DAPam738750
FM292
FM2923
SB70020
TB430002Series
TB430140
TB430210
28
LearningEvent1
WORKLOADORGANIZATION
The unit maintenance workload can be organized into broad categories for
managementcontrolasshowninFigure1.Duringmaintenanceoperationsthe
right personnel, tools, equipment, publications, records and reports,
supplies, repair parts, and time must be brought together to do the job.
Theseoperationsfallintotheareasofoperator/crewpreventivemaintenance
checks and services (PMCS), unitlevelrepair,provisionofrepair parts,
requests for higherlevel support, scheduled services, and dispatch of
equipment. Theprocedurestoguidetheseoperationsshouldbeprovidedby
theunitSOP.Thislearningeventprovidesatypeofworkloadorganization
whichmaybeadaptedtosuitindividualunitrequirements.
MAINTENANCECYCLE
Most maintenance requirements are part of the maintenance cycle shown by

Figure 1 on page 30. The requirement is usually identified while the
equipment is in use. The equipment is taken out of use, the required
maintenanceoperationisperformed,andtheequipmentisputbackintouse.
OPERATOR/CREWPMCS
ThedailyPMCSisthefoundationoftheunit'smaintenanceprogram. Some
types of maintenance requirements are identified by other means, such as
malfunctions, oil analysis, and command checks. However, the daily PMCS
ensures that the readiness of all applicable equipment is checked on a
recurring basis and that a record is made of faults which cannot be
correctedonthespot.MaintenancerecordkeepingbeginswithDepartmentof
the Army (DA) Form 2404 (Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet).
Figure 2 on page 31 shows the workflow for the daily PMCS. The
operator/crew follow the PMCS inspection steps listed in the applicable
operator'smanual.Onthespotcorrectionsaremadewheneverpossible.
Faultsbeyondtheoperator's/crew'scapabilityandthosewhichrequireparts
mustberecordedontheDAForm2404.Thisensuresthatrepairsaremadeor
parts demand data are recorded. If no faults are noted, the date is
recordedontheDAForm2404"Daily"andtheequipmentismadeavailablefor
use.Ifafaultbeyondtheabilityoftheoperator/crewtorepairisfound,
they report it to their supervisor and the equipment dispatcher for
correctiveactionbyunitmaintenancepersonnel.
29
Lesson2/LeaningEvent1
FIGURE1.MAINTENANCECYCLE
30
FIGURE2.OPERATOR/CREWDAILYPMCSWORKFLOW
31
UNITMAINTENANCEREPAIR
Unitlevel repairs begin with the identification of a unit maintenance

requirement. The workflow for unit repair is shown by Figure 3. The
records clerk receives the DA Form 2404 from the operator/crew. If the
equipmenthasafaultbutisoperational,theDAForm2404isgiventothe
maintenancesupervisor.Iftheequipmentisnotoperational,Departmentof
Defense(DD)Form314(PreventiveMaintenanceScheduleandRecord)ismarked
with a red tab, in accordance with DA Pam 738750, before forwarding the
recordtothemaintenancesupervisor.
Themaintenancesupervisorreviewsthedocumentsandassignsamechanicto
dothework.Themechanicverifiesthereportedfaults.Ifthemaintenance
allocationchartshowsthefaultcanbecorrectedattheunit,themechanic
completes the repair work. If the work is beyond the unit level, a
maintenancerequestisinitiated. Whenrepairsarefinished,DAForm2404
ispostedandthedocumentisforwardedtothemaintenancesupervisor,who
verifies thatrepairshavebeencompletedandreturnsthedocumenttothe
dispatcher. Thedispatchermakestheitemavailableforuseandpoststhe
equipmentrecordswiththecurrentstatussothatpertinentdocumentscanbe
annotated,ifapplicable.
32
FIGURE3.UNITMAINTENANCEREPAIRWORKFLOW
33
REPAIRPARTSPROCEDURES
The general workflow for repair parts requests is outlined in Figure 4.

Localproceduresmaymodifytheworkflow.Whenpartsareneededtocorrect
aunitfault,theyarepostedonDAForm2404"Daily."ThePLLclerkissues
parts. If parts are not available, the national stock numbers (NSN) are
verifiedusingthe20PtechnicalmanualortheArmyMasterDataFile(AMDF)
andplacedonorder. Fornondeadlinedequipment,documentnumbersforthe
orderedpartsarepostedonDAForm240814(UncorrectedFaultRecord).The
equipmentrecordsclerkreceivestheDAForm2404"Daily."Iftheequipment
remainsoperational,itmaybeuseduntilthepartsarereceived. Ifthe
equipmentisinoperative,DAForm2404"Daily"isretaineduntiltheparts
arereceived.
FIGURE4.REPAIRPARTSREQUESTWORKFLOW
Whenthepartsarereceived,themechanicinstallsthem.TheDAForms2404
and240814arepostedasthefaultsarecorrected. Theequipmentrecords
clerk posts not missioncapable supply/not missioncapable maintenance
(NMCS/NMCM)dataonDDForm314andreleasestheequipment.
34
MAINTENANCEREQUESTS
TheworkflowformaintenancerequestsisoutlinedinFigure5.TheDAForm
2407(MaintenanceRequest)isusedatunitlevelmaintenancefor
Requestingmaintenancefromsupportingactivities.
Reportingwarrantyclaims.
Requestingapplicationofmodificationworkorders(MWO)bysupport.
ReportingMWOsdoneatunitlevel.
FIGURE5.DAFORM2407(MAINTENANCEREQUEST)WORKFLOW
Theunitmechanicverifiesthattheequipmenthasahigherlevelfaultand
ensures that all unit faults have been corrected. The DA Form 2407 is
initiatedandrecordedonDAForm2405(MaintenanceRequestRegister).The
equipmentisthentakentothesupportingmaintenanceunit.Theinspection
sectionwillconfirmthatdirectsupport(DS)workisrequiredandthatall
maintenancehasbeenperformed.Thesupportingmaintenanceunitwillnotify
thesupportedunitwhentheequipmentisrepaired. Aftertheequipmentis
returned,DAForm2405ispostedtoshowthemaintenancerequestisclosed.
The unitand/orsupportmaintenanceNMCS/NMCMtimeispostedontoDDForm
314andtheequipmentismadeavailableforuse.
35
SCHEDULEDMAINTENANCESERVICES
Equipment technical manuals and lubrication orders show maintenance and

lubricationserviceswhichmustbeperformedatprescribedintervals. The
DDForm314isusedtoschedulemaintenanceservicesandalsotoshowwhen
serviceswereactuallyperformed. TheuseofthisformisdescribedinDA
Pam738750.
DISPATCHPROCEDURES
ThedispatcherusesDAForm2401(OrganizationControlRecordforEquipment)
toidentifytheuserandlocationofequipmentwhileitisondispatchorin
use. This tells the commander who is using that equipment, where it is
located,andtheexpectedtimeofreturn. Figure6showsthesequenceof
actionsforequipmentdispatch. Additionalcontrolsmaybesetlocallyby
theunitcommander.
FIGURE6.EQUIPMENTDISPATCHWORKFLOW
36
Thefollowinggeneralproceduresapply:
1. TheequipmentoperatorperformsPMCS.
2. If faults are found, action is taken as shown in Figure 6. If no

faults are found, the dispatcher initiates DD Form 1970 (Motor Equipment
UtilizationRecord)andissuesitwiththeequipmentandDAForm2404tothe
operator.
3. Equipment operators complete applicable portions of DD Fore 1970 as

theyusetheequipment.FaultsfoundduringoperationarenotedonDAForm
2404.
4. At the end of the mission, the operator performs afteroperations

PMCS, completes DD Form 1970 and DA Form 2404, and returns them to the
dispatcher.
5. Whenfaultshavebeennoted,thedispatchercopiestimeofreturnand
other pertinent remarks from DD Form 1970 to DA Form 2401. After the
information is transcribed, the DD Form 1970 is destroyed unless its
retentionforadministrativepurposesisdirectedbythelocalcommander.
MAINTENANCEPLANNING
Maintenanceplanningdealswithwhatneedstobedoneandhowtodoit.The
maintenancesupervisor,guidedbythetrainingandoperationalplansofthe
commander, uses past experience and estimates to make forecasts of
maintenancerequirementstosupportthecommander'soperationalplan. The
unit's longrange training planoutlinesthemajoractivitiesofthe unit
over an extended time period. It represents events to be supported with
operational equipment. The maintenance supervisor forecasts the unit's
maintenanceresourcerequirements. Estimatesoftheoperationalpiecesof
equipmentrequiredtosupporttheschedule,thenumberofitemsinscheduled
and unscheduled maintenance, and maintenance personnel available are
included.Figures7through10onpages38and39showasamplelongrange
trainingplanandacombinedrequirementsforecast.Personnelavailability
isforecasttoenablethesupervisortocompareresourceswithrequirements.
Thesupervisoranalyzestheunitactivitiesandidentifieswhendemandson
maintenanceresourceswillbeheavy,moderate,orlight.Sincethetraining
scheduleissubjecttochange,themaintenancesupervisormayhavetochange
thesupportplanaccordingly.
37
FIGURE7.FORECASTOFUNSCHEDULEDMAINTENANCEREQUIREMENTS
FIGURE8.FORECASTOFSCHEDULEDMAINTENANCEREQUIREMENTS
38
FIGURE9.LONGRANGEPLANNINGCALENDAR
FIGURE10.FORECASTOFOPERATIONALEQUIPMENTREQUIREMENTS
39
Thefollowingobservationsaremadeonthesampletrainingplan:
1. Heavy demands in equipment occur during November, February, April,

July, and August. The maintenance supervisor must ensure that unit
equipmentisingoodcondition.Personnelneedsandmaintenancetimesmust
beidentified.
2. Moderate demands on equipment will be made during October, May, and

June.
3. LightdemandsonequipmentwillbemadeinDecember,January,March,
andSeptember. Thesupervisorcanrecoverfromheavydemandsduringthese
times.
EquipmentOperationalRequirements.Theunitwillneedallvehiclesatthe
majortrainingareas. Unittrainingwillrequireabout75percentofthe
unitvehicles.
ScheduledServices. Scheduledservicesmustbeperformedaccordingtothe
technicalmanual.Thesupervisormayneedtousethe10percentvarianceto
planservicesaroundperiodsofanticipatedheavyuse.
UnscheduledMaintenance. Unscheduledmaintenancerequirementsandservices
increase with usage. Older vehicles will require more unscheduled
maintenance.Muchunscheduledmaintenancewilltakeplaceduringperiodsof
heavyuse.
PersonnelRequirements. Personnelavailabilityisaffectedbydepartures,
arrivals, leaves, details, and other administrative losses. Available
personnelcanbecomparedagainstanticipatedrequirements.Supervisedon
thejobandcrosstrainingcanbeprogrammedagainstanticipatedshortages.
MAINTENANCECONTROLS
Maintenance controls at the unitlevelconsistofsupervisorytools which

provide visibility to the situation and assist in maintenance operations.
Some of the tools, such as TAMMS forms and records, are prescribed by
regulations.Somearedevelopedandmaintainedonaninformalbasis.
40
1. Equipment Status Chart. An equipment status chart lists assigned

wheeled and tracked vehicles and other selected major items. It also
identifies the assigned operator and shows the equipment status. The
Remarks column explains the faults, when applicable, and supply and
maintenance information. The status chart is usually maintained by the
motorsergeantoradesignatedrepresentative.
2. WorkloadControlBoard.Aworkloadcontrolboard(Figure11)provides
therepairorservicestatusoftheitemsintheshop. Thisboardmaybe
used for daily review or planning meetings, assigning work, briefing the
commander,andverifyingtheaccuracyofapplicableTAMMSdocuments.
FIGURE11.WORKLOADCONTROLBOARD
41
3. WorkAssignmentSheet. Atthecloseofthedutyday,theunitmotor
sergeantshouldreviewtheworkaccomplishedandorganizeforthefollowing
dayusingaworkassignmentsheetasshowninFigure12. Previoussheets
showtheworkstillinprogressandthemechanicswhoareinvolved. Anew
sheetforthefollowingdayassignsnewworkorreallocatesoldwork. The
work assignment sheet provides the basis for the initial daily work
assignmentandthereviewmeetingatthestartofthedutyday.TheRemarks
column may be used to record an individual mechanic's performance or the
needforadditionaltraining.
FIGURE12.WORKASSIGNMENTSHEET
42
LearningEvent2
INSPECTIONS
Inspectionsaremeansbywhichcommanderscandeterminetheserviceability
of equipment and promote efficient maintenance operations. Although the
mostdesirableinspectionmaybeonemadepersonallybythecommander,the
type of inspection most often conducted is one made by technicians and
specialists under the direction of the commander or the commander's
appointed representative. A commander who is not on the scene of an
inspectionmustrelyonareportoftheresults.Thisreportmustmeanthe
samethingtothecommanderasitdidtotheinspectorwhopreparedit.The
commander'sviewofthisreport,actionstorequirecorrectionofreported
faults and of conditions which cause unsatisfactory equipment and
maintenance operations, and actions to commend superior performance are
almostasimportantastheinspectionitself.
Aninspectionlimitedtotheconditionofequipmentandrequiringcorrection
ofidentifiedfaultsindicatestothecommanderthereadinessofequipment
toperformthemission.Thelargerthesampleinspected,themorevalidor
reliableistheindication.Someequipmentinspections,suchaspreparation
for overseas movement or equipmenttransferinspections,mustbetotal in
natureinordertoaccomplishtheirobjective.
Aninspectionofaunit'smaintenanceprogramshouldincludeinspectionsof
Samplequantitiesofvarioustypesofequipment.
Recordsofoperation,maintenance,andequipment.
Personnelstrength,training,organization,andproductivity.
Maintenanceandsupplyproceduresandshopoperations.
Adequacy of tools, facilities, publications, supplies, and repair

parts.
Personnel capabilities, as determined from results in evidence and

fromquestionsandanswersduringtheinspection.
43
Theinspectionofoverallmaintenancemanagementandthedegreeofmaterial
readinessshouldincludetheareaslistedintheprecedingparagraphaswell
asvariousrepairpartsrequestsandmaintenancerequests,withafollowup
tosupportingmaintenanceactivities.
Aninspectionforitsownsakemaybeworsethannoinspectionatall.Most
inspectionsaresomewhatharassing,disruptnormaloperationsandschedules,
and generally result in extra policing efforts, "eyewash," and 'paper
maintenance' that add little to equipment readiness or productive
maintenance. Therefore, commanders should establish and make known the
standards by which they will inspect or will have the command inspected.
They should ensure that these standards can be attained within the time,
resources,andsupportavailabletotheunitandthatthesoldiersinthe
commandunderstandwhatisexpectedofthem. Eachinspectionmusthavea
purpose. Theresultsmustbecritiquedwiththeresponsiblepersonneland
followed up to provide assistance, if needed, so as to ensure that the
originalinspectionobjectivehasbeenreached.
FREQUENCYOFINSPECTION
Periodic inspections or services are directed for specific items of

equipmentbytheapplicabletechnicalmanual.Theinspectionintervalsvary
bytypeofequipment,thelevelofmaintenancebywhichtheserviceistobe
performed, and the services to be accomplished. These inspections are
scheduledandconductedbyorganizationalorsupportmaintenancepersonnel.
TheDepartmentoftheArmydoesnotprescribethefrequencyformaintenance
managementinspections.Generally,commandandmaintenanceinspectionswill
beprescribedbydirectivesfromArmyfieldcommandsorotherintermediate
headquarters. In determining their own requirements for inspections,
commanders should consider the degree to which these inspections meet
existing needsforthetypesofinformationtheyprovide. Duplicationof
effort by conducting one inspection on the heels of another may then be
avoidedbothatthecommandlevelandattheinspectedunitlevel.
Unsatisfactoryphasesofinspectionsshouldbefollowedupbyareinspection
within2to6weeks.Thereinspectionisnotaduplicationofeffortinits
effect. The inspection may be conducted by a command subordinate to the
headquarterswhichperformedtheinitialinspection,butit
44
shouldbeatleastoneorpreferablytwocommandlevelshigherthantheunit
tobereinspected. Ifareinspectionismadebyacommandotherthanthe
onewhichconductedtheinitialinspection,theproceduresandstandardsto
beusedmustbeclearlystatedandunderstood.
Each time a transfer of equipment occurs between two organizations, an

inspection of the equipment involved should be completed by a common
headquarters. Inadditiontoactingasanarbitrator,theinspectingteam
canevaluatethemaintenanceprogramoftheowningunit.Atthesametime,
theinspectingteamcandemonstratetotheunitreceivingtheequipmentthe
inspectionandmaintenancestandardsacceptabletothecommand.
PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCE(PM)INDICATORS
Theterm"PMindicator"isusedtodescribesalientfeaturesofpersonnel,
materiel,supplies,procedures,andfacilities,theknownconditionofwhich
willindicatethequalityofpreventivemaintenance.Theformaldefinition
ofthetermis"areasofpossiblefailureormalfunctioninequipmentwhich
can be detected by localized application of the sense of sight, sound,
touch, and smell and which indicate the condition and quality of
maintenance."
Commandersshoulddeterminepriortoaninspectionwhichitemsofequipment
ormaintenancefunctionstheyaregoingtoinspect. Theyshouldselecta
fewindicatorsforeachitemandbecomethoroughlyfamiliarwiththem.This
willdevelopafeelingofconfidenceandimpresspersonneloftheinspected
unitwiththecommander'sinterestinmaintenance.Differentindicatorsfor
the same equipment should be selected for succeeding inspections so that
personnelwillnotfallintothehabitofmaintainingonlywhattheyknow
willbeinspected.
The program of PM guides for commanders has been established by the

DepartmentoftheArmytoprovideconsolidatedPMinformationforusebyany
commander.ThePMguidescanassistinestimatingPMrequirements,planning
and managing a PM program, instructing subordinates, scheduling and
conducting inspections, and evaluating the effectiveness of PM programs.
During an inspection, commanders should always remember that the most
important indicatorofallistheitem'sperformanceofthefunctionsfor
whichitwasdesigned,andtherelativechancesthatitwillcontinuetodo
sobasedonthecarethatitisreceiving.
45
TherearethreeprimaryreasonsforcommanderstousePMindicators:
1. Thecommandershouldinspect. Themostcriticalsinglefactorinan
effectivemaintenanceprogramisthepersonalinspectionofequipmentbythe
commander. Thereisacommontendencytoconsiderthephysicalinspection
ofequipmentasafunctionreservedfortheequipmentspecialistandbeyond
thecapabilityoractivityofthecommander.Thisisamisleadingnotionof
the command function and could undermine an otherwise enthusiastic
maintenanceeffort.
2. Thecommanderisnotaspecialist. Acommander'sinspectionmustbe
limitedinscopeforpracticalreasons. Therelativecomplexityofmodern
equipment, the extensive technical knowledge required of specialists, and
the normal length of assignmentsincommandpositionsmakeitimpractical
formostcommanderstoknowhighlytechnicaldetailsortoinspectforthem.
ThePMindicatorsarealogicalcompromisesolutiontothisproblem.
3. Timeisalimitingfactor. Evenifthecommanderwereatechnician,
the attention he must devote toothercommandresponsibilitieslimits the
time available for thorough inspections of equipment. The use of PM
indicators to concentrate on significant, readily accessible inspection
pointsmakesthemostefficientuseofthecommander'stime.
EQUIPMENTPMINDICATORS
Equipment PM indicators are in most cases detailed and specific. They

enable the commander to know precisely what to look for. However, in
additiontospecificequipmentindicators,thereareseveralPMindicators
which may have a general application to many types or categories of
equipment. Thecommanderorinspectorshouldbealertforevidenceofthe
generalindicators.Thefollowingfallintocategoriesofgeneralequipment
PMindicators:
1. Adjustments. Proper tolerances, clearances, and travel are required

in many areas. Evidence of chafing, binding, cracking, rips, or split
seams, and erratic operation indicates improper adjustment. Improper
adjustmentmayfrequentlybequiteevidentintheamountofplayinbelts,
pulleys,levers,orgears,andtheamountoflateralmovementwhichmaybe
feltinbearingadjustment.
46
2. ColorandMarking.Conspicuouscolorsareusedinareasofcautionor
safety. Decals and data plates contain very specific, purposeful
information and those which are missing or illegible should be replaced.
Colorcodesaregenerallyapplicableforvarioustypesofammunition,high
pressuretubing,andelectricalcircuits.
3. Cleanliness. Cleanliness as it relates to maintenance must be

consideredfromthestandpointofitseffectupontheproperfunctioningof
equipment. Uncleanliness may conceal deficiencies and shortcomings
resulting in further damage to the item. Functional surfaces should be
generallyfreeofforeignmattersothatcracks,dents,corrosion,orrust
canbereadilydetected,andsothatitwillnotinterferewiththeproper
operation or function in areas such as metaltometal bearing surfaces,
filters, or areas requiring lubrication. Fuelandlubricantleaks create
safetyhazards.Theaccumulationofforeignmatter,grease,andoilcannot
betoleratedinareassubjecttofire.
4. EquipmentRecords.Recordsmustbeuptodate,legible,accurate,and
must indicate the true status. Outstanding MWOs, other deferred
maintenance, and the amount of uncorrected faults, along with the supply
action and timely scheduling of maintenance, can be determined from
equipment recordsasanindicatorofthequalityofmaintenance. Pencil,
ink, or typed entries do not necessarily indicate the quality of
maintenance.
5. Lubrication.Lubricationordersshouldbeonhandandinactiveuse.
Noevidenceofgrittinessorbindingshouldbeevidentinbearingsorareas
requiringlubrication. Greasefittingsshouldbecleanandclear,andthe
propertoolsshouldbeonhand.
6. SafetyFeatures.Compliancewithcommonsensesafetyrequirementsisa
soundindicatorofagoodPMprogram.Fireextinguishers,emergencyexits,
and safety devices should be easily accessible and conspicuously marked.
Containersforpoisonousorflammableliquidsmustbeisolatedandproperly
labeled. Electrical grounding systems must be of an approved type, in
place,secure,andprovideapositiveground.Warningsystems,buzzers,or
lights should be tested to ensure proper operation. Observe for the
presence of protective clothing, guards, shields, or screens, where
appropriate,toprecludeinjury.
47
7. Smell. An inspector should be alert for the presence of unusual

odors. Abnormal odors may be due to electrical circuits shorting out,
overheated motors or other components, lubrication failure, or leaks. A
strongsmellofgasolineorotherfuelsshouldnotbepresent. Mildewor
rot due to prolonged storage inconfinedareasgivescharacteristic odors
whichshouldbeinvestigated.
8. Stowage.Mostmajoritemsareusedwithsomeancillaryorbasicissue
list items of equipment, and the methodical stowage of such material is
indicativeofgoodpreventivemaintenance.Thelocationandpositioningof
tools,accessories,andrepairpartsinstowagemustbesuchthattheyare
protected from damage and deterioration. Any stowed material must be
serviceable. Doors, catches, hinges, and handles on stowage compartments
must be secured and functional. Periodic, routine airing of canvas,
camouflage,nets,andblanketsisneededtodispelmildewandmold.
MAINTENANCEMANAGEMENTINDICATORS
Noorganizationorunitwhichdoesitsownorganizationalmaintenanceistoo
small to perform some maintenance management functions. A commander's
evaluationofmaintenancemanagementwithinhisorganizationiscoequalin
importance to determining the status of equipment. One or more of the
managementindicatorsofmaintenance,atoneleveloranother,isgenerally
thesourcetowhichequipmentproblemscanbetraced.
Figure 13 shows an incomplete checklist of maintenance management

indicators.Thechecklistisorganizedasfollows:
1. Theparagraphtitleshowsthesubjectareacoveredbytheindicators.
2. Asuggestedguideforthefrequencyofchecksappearsinparentheses
afterthetitle.
3. Specific checks are crossreferenced to the six key supervisory

factors discussed in Lesson l/Learning Event 3command emphasis,
management,supervision,motivation,skill,andresources.
48
FIGURE13.MAINTENANCEMANAGEMENTCHECKLIST
49
FIGURE13.MAINTENANCEMANAGEMENTCHECKLIST(CONTINUED)
50
FIGURE13.MAINTENANCEMANAGEMENTCHECKLIST(CONTINUED)
51
4. Rankorder numbers have been assigned to the maintenance factors

oppositeeachindicator.Theseassistthemanagerinidentifyingtrendsand
determiningthebasiccause(s). Whentheanswertoaparticularindicator
is"No,"thenumbers,beginningwith"1",showthemaintenancefactorwhich
isthemostprobablecauseforthefailure.
Thechecklistmaybeusedbyanyoneconcernedwithmaintenanceoperations.
Dailychecksareroutinelyperformedbyfirstlinesupervisorsduringday
today maintenance operations, and by others as required. The manager
should informally perform the weekly, monthly, quarterly, and seasonal
checksintheareaofresponsibilityandencourageotherstodothesame.
The manager'soverallprogramofchecksshouldensurethatallaspectsof
theoperationforwhichthemanagerisresponsibleareperiodicallycovered.
Inpreparation,beforemakingindicatorchecks,themanagershoulddetermine
the objective for the check. This will normally be to determine the
adequacy of some specific aspect of maintenance operations. The manager
thenselectstheindicatorsthatwillbestprovidethedesiredinformation.
Afterthechecksaremade,theresultsareanalyzed. Sincethechecksare
onlyasample,themanagermustusecareindrawingconclusions,eithergood
orbad,fromtheresults.Theresultsarebestusedtospotgeneraltrends
forfurtherevaluationoraction.Forexample,arelativelylargenumberof
"1"and"2"rankordernumbersunderaparticularmaintenancefactorshould
promptthemanagertotakeacloserlookinthisgeneralarea.
Whentheunderlyingcausehasbeendeterminedtothemanager'ssatisfaction,
required corrective action is formulated. As needed, the unit chain of
command assists in its implementation. Care must be taken so that the
correctiveactiontreatsthecauseandnotthesymptom.Correctionofonly
thespecificindividualfaultsuncoveredbythecheckisoflimitedvalue.
Aftercorrectiveactionhasbeenimplemented,followupchecksareessential
toverifythatthedesiredresultshavebeenachieved.
52
TYPESOFINSPECTIONS
CommandInspections. Commandinspectionsaremadetoensureproperuseof
equipment to maintain supply economy, to ensure compliance with the
established procedures, and to evaluate operational readiness. Command
inspectionsaremadeperiodicallybyunitcommandersand/ortheirsuperiors.
Therearetwotypesofcommandinspections:formalandinformal.
1. Formal Command Inspections. This inspection covers all unit

activities. Theunittobeinspectedisnotifiedinadvance. Thenotice
shouldincludeinstructionsoninspectionproceduresandonthearrangement
ofthetools,vehicles,andshop.Itshouldalsoincludethedateandhour
oftheinspection,andthename,rank,andresponsibilityofeachmemberof
the inspecting party. The inspection should be conducted rapidly,
thoroughly, and efficiently. The inspectors should follow a logical
sequencearoundeachvehicleandthroughtheshop. Thefindingsofformal
inspections on all types of equipment are recorded on DA Form 2404 and
compiledforstudyandcorrectiveaction.
2. Informal Command Inspections. Aninformalcommandinspectionmaybe

made at any time. No advance notice is given and no set procedure is
required. This type of inspection provides a better picture of the
conditionswithintheunit.Thecommanderseestheunitasitisoperating
andimproperpracticesandmalfunctionsaremoreeasilydetected.
AnnualGeneralInspections. Annualgeneralinspectionsprovidecommanders
with a continuing assessment of the operational and administrative
effectivenessoftheircommands.TheheadsofDAagenciesandcommandersof
Army field commands and installations that are authorized an inspector
general(IG)ontheirstaffareresponsibleformakingannualinspectionsof
allelementsoftheircommands,installations,oractivities. Theoverall
annualgeneralinspectionobjectivesareto
1. Evaluatemanagementproceduresandpracticespertainingtopersonnel,
administration,material,andfundresources.
2. Identify problems, situations, or circumstances that impair mission

performance,andisolateassociatedcauses.
53
3. Determine the command or activitybestsuitedforcorrectiveactions

andevaluatetheadequacyofpastcorrectiveactions.
4. Determinethestateofdisciplineandmoralethroughoutthecommand.
During the maintenance portion of the inspection, the IG inspects unit

maintenance operations and recordkeeping procedures. Unit material is
inspected for systematic servicing, preservation, adjustment, repair, and
prevention of abuse. In the inspection of organizational maintenance
activities,theIGdeterminesif
Theunithasthetechnicalskills,spareparts,andtoolstoperform
itsmaintenancefunctions.
ApplicableMWOshavebeenappliedtotheequipmentandenteredonDA
Form24085(EquipmentModificationRecord).
Theunitisperformingonlythelevelofmaintenanceforwhichitis
responsible.
The unit has a current readiness profile of selected items of

equipmentlistedinDAPam738750.
The operators are reporting accurate equipment status and are

recordingdataontheapplicableTAMMSrecords.
The operators are familiarwiththeirequipmentanditscapabilities

andlimitations.
Technical Inspections. Technicalinspectionsofequipmentaremade by DS

maintenancepersonnel.Theseinspectionsdeterminewhetherequipmentshould
bekeptinserviceorwithdrawnforoverhaulorsalvageofcomponentparts.
Technicalinspectionsalsochecktheconditionoftheequipmentatthetime
of transfer or issue. If technical inspections reveal that organization
maintenanceissubstandardorthatPMdeficienciesexist,areportismade
to the commanding officer of the unit concerned. Inspection results are
recordedontheDAForm2404.
SpotCheckInspections.Spotcheckinspectionsareoftenusedtoensurethe
adequacyandeffectivenessoforganizationalmaintenanceandsupplyandto
detectpossiblefailureofequipmentbeforeunserviceabilityoccurs. Some
spot checks are conducted periodically, others when requirements develop,
andsomeasamatterofoperational
54
routine.Theseinspectionsareconductedforspecificpurposesandinclude
thefollowing:
Inspectionsofworkinprogressbyfirstlinesupervisors.
Safetyinspectionsbyunitorhighersafetypersonnel.
Inspections of equipment by designated personnel to ascertain the

effectivenessofthemaintenanceprogram.
InspectionofTAMMS,propertyaccountability,andrepairpartssupply
documents.
Roadsidespotcheckinspectionsofvehiclestoverifyserviceability,
operatorqualifications,andcompliancewithregulations.
Visits. A visit can serve asaninformalinspection. Unitpersonal are

more likely to talk freely with a visitor who is interested in their
problems than they are with an inspector. The commander and maintenance
managershouldvisitthevariousunitmaintenanceactivitiesasamatterof
routine. Subjects discussed andobservationsmadeduringsuchvisits may
include
Degree of satisfaction withthesupportreceivedfromthesupporting

DSunit.
Problemencounteredinobtainingsupport.
Futureoperationsoftheunitthatmyplaceheavydemandsonequipment
andrequireincreasedmaintenanceandrepairpartssupport.
Requirementsfortechnicalassistance.
Adequacyoftheunitmaintenanceprogram.
Properuseofpersonnel.
Adequacyofrepairpartssupport.
55
Perpetual Inspection. The most important of all types of inspection,

however,isthekindthateveryofficerandNCOperformscontinuallyasa
normal part of their daily military activities. Subordinates should be
indoctrinated with the concept that they need to inspect every piece of
equipmenttheysee. AllofficersandNCOsareresponsibleformakingon
thespotcorrectiveactionswheneverandwherevertheyfinddeficienciesin
theconditionoroperationofequipment.Theyshoulddothiswhetherornot
theyaremembersoftheunittowhichtheequipmentbelongs. Whenaunit
acquires this philosophy of consistentcorrectionaspartoftheattitude
knownas"maintenanceconsciousness,'everymemberofthecommandwillsoon
recognizetheirresponsibilityformaintainingequipment.
56
LearningEvent3
ARMYOILANALYSISPROGRAM
TheArmyOilAnalysisProgram(AOAP)analyzesequipmentlubricantcondition
to detect impending component failures through periodic evaluation of oil
samples.Oilanalysisprovidesadiagnostictooltodeterminetheinterval
conditionsofengines,gearboxes,transmissions,andotheroillubricated
systems and components. For policies, objectives, and responsibilities
concerning the AOAP, refer to Army Regulation (AR) 75022. For detailed
procedures,refertoTechnicalBulletin(TB)430210.
ThepurposeoftheAOAPisto
Detectpotentialcomponentfailure.
Determineoilserviceabilityandnecessityforoilchange.
Extendoillifeandconserveresources.
Reducemaintenancecoststhroughpreventivemaintenancepriortomajor
repair.
Developadatabankrelatingtocomponentwearorfailure.
DESCRIPTION
Oil analysis is used as a diagnostic tool to determine the physical

condition of used oil and the internal condition of engines, gear boxes,
transmissions,andhydraulicsystems.
Spectrometric analysis is used to determine the concentration of various

wearmetalsinoilsamples.Wearmetalsaremetalparticlesofmicroscopic
size, produced by the friction ofmovingpartswithinmechanicalsystems,
that enter the oil stream and are dispersed and suspended throughout the
lubricatingoilsystem.Thekindsofmetalparticlesandthequantitiesin
which they are present are detected by spectroscopy. Analysis helps
determine which component parts may have generated the particles. By
periodicallysamplingandtestingtheoilfrommechanicalsystems,abnormal
wearcanbedetectedandwornpartscanberepairedorreplacedbeforethey
causedamage.
57
Physicalpropertytestsareanalyticaltestsusedtodetectpropertychanges
in used oil. For example, changes in viscosity, fuel dilution, or water
content may be indicative of faulty equipment, operating conditions, or
maintenanceprocedures.
A resample is a sample, specifically requested by the laboratory, of the

sameoiltakenunderthesameconditionsastheprevioussample. Selected
equipment/componentsarethoseenrolledintheAOAP.
RESPONSIBILITIES
Unitcommanderswill
ImplementlocalAOAPpoliciesandprocedureswithintheirunit.
Ensure that all AOAPdesignatedequipmentisenrolledintheprogram

andthatsamplesaresubmittedatprescribedintervals.
Ensurethatoilchangesconformtowarrantyrequirements.
Ensurethatlaboratoryrecommendationsarecompliedwithimmediately.
EnsurethatunitpersonnelaretrainedinAOAPprocedures.
AppointaunitAOAPmonitor.
SAMPLING
Only the equipment/components listed in the appendices of TB 430210 or

other equipment/components authorized by the PM AOAP will be sampled.
Routinesamplesaretobesubmittedatprescribedintervalsasestablished
intheappropriateappendixofTB430210.(SeeFigure14foranexample.)
Sampling intervals are not the same for all items of equipment. Samples
shouldbetakenasneartheprescribedintervalaspossible. Samplingat
theprescribedtimeisnotalwayspossible.Insuchinstances,a10percent
variancebeforeorafterthescheduleddate,hours,ormilesforsamplingis
permissible.
58
FIGURE14.CONSTRUCTIONEQUIPMENTINTHEAOAP
NOTE: Thisequipmentlistingisincomplete.SeeTB430210foracomplete
equipmentlistingandthesampleintervals.
Specialsamplesaresamplesotherthanthoseroutinelyscheduled. Special
samples will be submitted to the laboratory under the following
circumstances:
Attherequestofthelaboratory.
Immediately before transfer among commands or overseas deployment of

equipment.
After indication of aproblem;forexample,overheatingorexcessive

oilloss,orlossofoilpressure.
59
Whenavehicleisinstorage,nosamplingisrequireduntilthevehicleis
scheduled foroperation use. Maintenancefloatequipmentwillbesampled
after25hoursofoperationorquarterly,whicheveroccursfirst. Whena
vehicleisusedfordevelopmentalpurposes,asatrainingaid,orforstatic
display, authorization to discontinue sampling or to sample at longer
intervals may be granted by the applicable major command. When the
equipment returns to normal operations, sampling intervals established in
theappendicesofTB430210willonceagainapply.
SpecialsampleswillbeclearlymarkedSPECIALandbandedwithredtapeor
marked insomeotherconspicuousmannersothatthelaboratorymayeasily
identifythem.TheDDForm2026(OilAnalysisRequest)thataccompaniesthe
sampletothelaboratorywillbemarkedSPECIALintheRemarksblock,and
itsborderswillbeoutlinedinred.
TosupporttheAOAP,yourunitwillneedtomaintainanadequatelevelof
formsandsamplingsupplies.Suppliesrequiredforoilsamplingoperations
arelistedinFigure15. Quantitiesaredeterminedbynumberandtypesof
assignedequipmentenrolledintheAOAPandthefrequencyatwhichtheyare
sampled.
FIGURE15.OILSAMPLINGSUPPLIES
ThefollowinglistedformsarenecessarytosupporttheAOAP:
DOForm2026,OilAnalysisRequest.
DAForm2407,MaintenanceRequest.
60
DAForm240820,OilAnalysisLog.
DDForm314,PreventiveMaintenanceScheduleandRecord.
DAForm3254R,OilAnalysisRecommendationandFeedback.
TheAOAPcycleoperatesasfollows:
1. TheTB430210identifiesequipmentfortheAOAP. ADAForm240820
ispreparedforeachcomponenttobesampled.
2. Samplingsuppliesareobtained.
3. SamplingdatesarescheduledonDDForm314.
4. AnoilsampleisobtainedandnotedonDAForm240820(Figure16).
FIGURE16.DAFORM240820(OILANALYSISLOG)
61
5. TheDDForm2026ispreparedrequestinganoilanalysis(Figure17).
6. The label on the sample bottle Ls completed, and the bottle and DD
Form2026arecarriedormailedtothesupportingoilanalysislaboratory.
7. Theoilanalysislaboratoryanalyzesthesampleformetalcontentand
oil quality, notes results on DD Form 2026, and returns the form to the
originatingunit.
FIGURE17.DDFORM2026(OILANALYSISREQUEST)
62
8. In addition, maintenance recommendations are annotated on DA Form

3254Randforwardedtotheusingunitforaction(Figure18).
FIGURE18.DAFORM3254R(OILANALYSIS
RECOMMENDATIONANDFEEDBACK)
63
9. Theunittakestheappropriateactionindicatedbythelaboratory(DA
Form2407).
10. TheDDForm2026isfiledandDAForm240820iscompleted.
11. Once maintenance actions have been completed, the supporting AOAP
laboratory should be notified of the results of the servicing action by
completingDAForm3254R,with'feedbackannotated.
Samplesmaybetakenwithoutwarmingacomponenttooperatingtemperature,
if the equipment has been operated within the last 30 days. If the
equipmenthasnotbeenoperatedwithinthelast30days,itmustbebrought
tooperatingtemperaturebeforesampling.Thisappliestobothroutineand
special samples. Therewillbeoccasionswhenthelaboratorymayrequest
thatacomponentbeoperatedbeforesampling.Thisrequestwillbecomplied
with.
Samples takenfromanoilreservoirimmediatelyafteradditionofnewoil
willnotberepresentativeandwillnotbecomerepresentativeuntilcomplete
mixing of the old and new oil has taken place. This requires operation
untilnormaloperatingtemperaturehasbeenobtained.
64
SAMPLINGMETHODS
TotakeanoilsampleusingthevalvemethodshowninFigure19
1. Removedustcapassembly.
2. With the engine idling, open (lift handle) sampling valve and drain
outaboutapintofoil;thenshutoffsamplingvalve.
NOTE: ifsamplingvalveismounteddirectlytothepressurizedgallery,no
drainingisrequired.
3. Placesamplebottleundervalveandfillto1/2inchfromtop,andcap
bottle.
4. Returndrainedoiltoreservoir.
FIGURE19.SAMPLINGVALVEMETHOD
65
Thepump(Figure20)isusedtotakesamplesthroughtheoilfillerneckor
throughthedipstickhole.Theprocedureisasfollows:
1. Determinehowfarthetubinghastobeinsertedintothereservoirby
using the dipstick as a gauge (Figure 20). Cut tubing to a length
approximately10incheslongerthanthedipstick.
FIGURE20.SAMPLINGPUMPMETHOD
66
2. Attachtubingtosamplingpumpbyinsertingtubingthrough"T"handle
opening. Allow tubing to extend approximately 1/4 inch below pump head
threads,andtighten"T"handle.
3. Attachthebottletothesamplingpump.
4. Carefully insert tubing into reservoir. Do not allow the tubing to

touchthebottomorsidesofthereservoir,sinceanysludgeenteringthe
tubingwillcontaminatethesample.
5. Holdsamplingpumphorizontallyandpumpuntiloilstartsenteringthe
bottle. Fillthebottletoapproximately1/2inchfromthetop. Depress
thevacuumreliefvalve(ontopofpump)tostopflow.
6. Withdrawtubingfromreservoir. Loosen"T"handleandremovetubing
frompump.Discardtubing.
7. Replacereservoircover.
Once you have drawn a sample, fill in your equipment bumper number and
component serial number on the sample bottle label (Figure 21) to avoid
confusionwithothersamplestaken.
FIGURE21.OILSAMPLEIDENTIFICATION
67
OILSAMPLESHIPMENT
CompleteaDDForm2026. Thisformmustaccompanyalloilsamplestothe
laboratory.Thefollowinginstructionsexplaintheinformationrequiredfor
eachblockontheDDForm2026(Figure17).
1. ToOilAnalysisLab.Enterthenameofyoursupportinglaboratory.
2. FromMajorCommand/OperatingActivity. Onthefirstline,enteryour
majorcommand(forexample,FORSCOM,TRADOC,USAREUR,EUSA).Onthesecond
line,enterthefullunitdesignation,andaddress,unitidentificationcode
(UIC),andtelephonenumber.
3. EquipmentModel/APL. Enterthenomenclatureandmodelnumberofthe
component;forexample,EngineAVDS17902A,XMSNCD8506A,HydrSys.
4. EquipmentSerialNo.Entercomponent'sserialnumber.
5. EndItemModel/HullNo.Selfexplanatory.
6. End Item Serial No./Equipment identification code (EIC). Self

explanatory.
7. DateSampleTaken.Enterday,month,andyearsamplewastaken.
8. LocalTimeSampleTaken.Leaveblank.
9. Hours/Miles Since Overhaul. Enter cumulative number hours/miles on

thecomponentsinceneworlastoverhaul.
10. Hours/MilesSinceOilChange. Enternumberofhours/milessincelast

oilchangeonthecomponent.Ifneitherthecomponentnortheenditemhas
anodometerorhourmeter,enterthetotalestimatedhours.
11. Reason For Sample. Check the block that is applicable. When the
reasonisother,explainunderRemarks;forexample,initialsample,lossof
enginepower,excessivesmoke.
12. OilAddedSinceLastSample.Selfexplanatory.
13. ActionTaken.Leaveblank.
14. DiscrepantItem.Leaveblank.
68
15. HowMalfunctioned.Leaveblank.
16. HowFound.Leaveblank.
17. HowTaken.Selfexplanatory.
18. SampleTemperature.Selfexplanatory.
19. TypeOil.Selfexplanatory.
20. Remarks.Selfexplanatory.
Whensamplesaretobemailed,usetheshippingsack.Inserttheoilsample
bottleintotheplasticbagandplacethecompletedDDForm2026intothe
shippingsackalongwiththeplasticbag. Senditbyfirstclassmailto
yoursupportinglaboratory.Donotusebulkmailorparcelpost.
Whendeliveringtheoilsampledirectlytothelaboratorybycourier,fold
the completed DD Form 2026 in half (lengthwise), wrap it around the oil
samplebottle,andsecureitwitharubberband.Dispatchbycouriertothe
laboratory. Regardless of shipping method used, oil samples are to be
dispatchedtothelaboratoryonthesamedaytheyaretaken.
FEEDBACKDATA
LaboratoryrecommendationswillbeannotatedonDAForm3254R(Figure18)
forcomponents,whentheoilsampleanalysisindicatesaproblem.Theform
will be used only when a maintenance action is recommended and not to
request resamples or recommend oil change. The DA Form 32541 will be
forwardedtotheusingunit.Thisformmaybereproducedlocallyon81/2
inchby11inchpaper.
Afterpersonnelintheusingunithaveperformedthelaboratoryrecommended
inspectionormaintenanceaction,theywillcompletethelowerportionofDA
Form3254R.
Block 14 will be used to explain any diagnostic performed, discrepancies

found,andactionstakentoreturnthecomponenttoaserviceablecondition.
TheDAForm3254Rwillbereturnedtothelaboratorywithinfiveworking
daysaftermaintenanceisaccomplished.
If a component is evacuated for repair, a copy of DA Form 32544 will

accompany it along with other appropriate paperwork. The support
maintenanceoroverhaulfacility
69
willrecordthemaintenanceaccomplishedontheDAForm3254Randreturnit
totheoriginatinglaboratorywithinfiveworkingdaysaftermaintenanceis
accomplished.
NOTE: TheAOAPpressuresensitivelabelswillbeusedoncomponentsgoing
toamaintenance/overhaulfacility. Twolabelswillbeaffixedto
oppositesidesofthecomponentandtwoontheoppositesidesofthe
outsideoftheshippingcontainer.Theselabelswillbesuppliedby
thelaboratoryalongwiththeDAForm3254R.
Tosummarize
1. RemembertofollowTB430210.
2. TheAOAPisaveryeffectivemaintenancediagnostictool.Itisnota
substituteforgoodmaintenance.
3. For equipment under warranty, follow manufacturer's instructions for

oil/filterchanges.
4. Keepsamplingsuppliesandformsonhand.
5. Keepupyourgoodmaintenance.
70
LESSON2
REVIEWEXERCISE

completedtheexercise,turntothesolutionsandcheckyourresponses.if
you do not understand asolution,gobackandrestudythesection of the
lessonwheretheinformationisgiven.
1. Thefoundationoftheunit'smaintenanceprogramis_____________.
A. Initialinspection
B. DailyPMCS
C. Finalinspection
D. Scheduledmaintenance
2. Maintenancerecordkeepingbeginswiththe______________.
A. DAForm2404
B. DAForm2406
C. DAForm2407
D. DDForm314
3. Ifanitemofequipmentisnotoperational,_______________ismarked
witharedtabinaccordancewithDAPam738750.
A. DAForm2404
B. DAForm2406
C. DAForm2407
D. DDForm314
71
4. Nationalstocknumbers(NSN)areverifiedusingtheArmyMasterData
File(AMDF)orthe______________.
A. 14technicalmanual
B. 20Ptechnicalmanual
C. DAForm2404"Daily"
D. DAForm240814
5. Whenrepairpartsarereceivedandinstalledbythemechanic,theDA
Form 2404 and DA Form _____________ are posted showing faults have
beencorrected.
A. 2402
B. 24081
C. 24089
D. 240814
6. Whenrepairshavebeencompletedandtheequipmentisoperational,the
recordsclerkpostsNMCS/NMCMdataon_____________.
A. DAForm2406
B. DAForm2407
C. DDForm314
D. DDForm518
7. WhenaDAForm2407isinitiated,itisrecordedonDAForm________.
A. 2402
8. 2404
C. 2405
D. 2406
72
8. TheDAForm______________isusedtoidentifytheuserandlocation
ofequipmentwhileitisondispatch.
A. 2401
B. 2402
C. 2403
D. 2404
9. At the end of the mission, the operator performs afteroperations

PMCS,completesDAForm2404andDDForm_________,andreturnsthem
tothedispatcher.
A. 314
B. 348
C. 1150
D. 1970
10. Whichofthechoiceslistedbelowisnotaprimaryreasonfortheuse
ofPMindicators?
A. Timeisalimitingfactor
B. Commandershouldinspect
C. Commanderisnotaspecialist
D. Probabilityofcontinuedmisuse
11. Avarianceof________percentbeforeorafterthescheduledsampling
dateispermissibleunderAOAP.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
73
12.Specialoilsampleswillbesubmittedinallcasesexcept_________.
A. Attherequestofthelaboratory
B. Asscheduledbythemaintenanceshop
C. Afterindicationofaproblem
D. Immediatelybeforetransferamongcommands
13. An authorization to discontinue oil sampling may be granted for

equipmentusedfor________________.
A. Rescuemissions
B. Civicactionprojects
C. Trainingaids
D. ROTCsupport
14. Oilsamplingdatesarescheduledon______________.
A. DAForm2407
B. DAForm3254R
C. DDForm314
D. DDForm2026
15. Torequestanoilanalysis,____________mustbeprepared.
A. DAForm240820
B. DAForm3254R
C. DDForm314
D. DDForm2026
74
1. B(page29)
2. A(page29)
3. D(page32)
4. B(page34)
5. D(page34)
6. C(page34)
7. C(page35)
8. A(page36)
9. D(page37)
10. D(page46)
11. B(page58)
12. B(page59)
13. C(page60)
14. C(page61)
15. D(page62)
75
Lesson3
LESSON3
TACTICALANDGARRISONMAINTENANCESITES
TASK
Describe the procedures for establishing both tactical and garrison

maintenancefacilities.
CONDITIONS
You will be given information describing the correct procedures for

establishing tactical and garrison maintenance facilities, an ACCP
ExaminationResponseSheet,andaNo.2pencil.
STANDARDS
REFERENCES
FM292
FM2923
FM5530
FM631
FM632
76
LearningEvent1
TACTICALMAINTENANCESITES
Thetacticalsituationandmobilityrequirementsmaylimitthetypeandsize
offacilitieswhichcanbeestablished.Therefore,availableresourcesmust
beorganizedformaximumproduction.EachunitmustdevelopSOPsformoving
to a new area, establishing and conducting maintenance operations, and
moving on to a new location, if necessary. The speed with which the
maintenanceelementcansetupshopatanewlocationhasadirectbearing
ontheproductivemaintenancetimeavailable.
SITESELECTION
The unit commander will make a map reconnaissance before occupying an

unfamiliar bivouac area. After this, the commander sends out a
reconnaissance party to select operating sites and explore primary and
alternateroutesofmarch.Theidealfieldmaintenancesiteshould
Havereadyaccesstosupportedelements,themainsupplyroute(MSR),
andthelocalroadNet.
Belargeenoughtospreadoutyetsmallenoughtodefend,withroom,
ifpossible,forvehicles,facilities,repairparts,andsupplystorage.
Bereasonablyflat,withfirmsoilandgooddrainagetopermitparking
andmovementofheavyvehicles.
Be free of nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) contamination and be

upwindfromknowncontaminatedareasandlikelyNBCattacktargets.
Beeasytosecure,withstreamsandmarshes,whereavailable,usedfor
flanksecurity.
Have terrain features that provide cover and concealment. Those

features between the site and likely NBC targets should give added
protection.
Be outside Natural air corridors to reduce the chance of air attack

andtoassistinairdefense.
Haveasourceofpotablewater,ifpossible.
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Lesson3/LearningEventl
Thereconnaissancepartybriefstheunitcommanderontheirfindings. The
commander then selects the site which has the most favorable
characteristics. The commander organizes and briefs an advance party to
occupyandpreparetheareafortheunit.
ADVANCEPARTYCOMPOSITION
The makeup and size of the advance party is governed by two things: the
tacticalsituationandtheamountofworkrequiredtopreparethesitefor
occupancy.Personnelintheadvancepartymayinclude
Firstsergeant.
Assistantsectionchiefs/platoonsergeants.
Foodservicepersonnel.
Tacticalwireoperationsspecialist.
Fieldsanitationteam.
Maintenancepersonnel.
Additionaltroopsforlaborandsecurity.
ADVANCEPARTYDUTIES
The advance party will place road guides and route markers from the old
bivouac site to the new location. These will be picked up by the last
vehicleintheconvoy.Thefirsttaskoftheadvancepartyonarrivalisto
clearandsecurethenewsite.Afterdismounting,thetroopsareorganized
into fire teams. These fire teams move through the area searching for
mines,boobytraps,informationofintelligencevalue,andanyothersigns
of the enemy's presence. As soon as the area has been cleared, a light
security screen is provided around the bivouac site. This is done by
establishing observation posts and strong points along likely avenues of
approach to provide early warning and limited protection during the
occupationofthebivouacsite. Thetentativelocationofthecompanyand
platoon command posts (CP) should be identified and provision for wire
communicationsmade.Platoonandmaintenancesectionrepresentativesselect
andmarkofftheirareas. SeeFigure22forasamplemaintenancesection
layout.
78
FIGURE22.SAMPLEMAINTENANCESECTIONLAYOUT
Roads and trails should be selected which provide for a oneway traffic
pattern.Alternateexitsshouldbeselectedandmarkedtoprovideemergency
exits, if the main exit is blocked. Individual parking areas should be
determined,withspecialconsiderationbeinggiventotheheaviestandmost
awkward vehicles, such as tractors and trailers. Assistant platoon
sergeants should thoroughly reconnoiter their assigned areas, determining
tentative locations for individual foxholes and carefully locating crew
servedweapons.
79
Ifpossible,latrinesandgarbagesumpsshouldbedugandscreensandtents
erected.Asthemainbodyoftheunitarrives,thevehiclesshouldrapidly
cleartheapproachroute,beguidedintothebivouacsite,andbeparked.
Driversshouldperformafteroperationsmaintenanceandtopofffueltanks.
Assistant drivers and operators should maintain their positions on the
perimeter and begin preparation of fighting positions and other defense
measures.
BIVOUACLAYOUT
MessFacilities. Specialattentionmustbegiventotheselectionofthe
messarea.Itshouldbe
Centrallylocatedwithintheperimeter.
Awayfrominteriorroadstoavoidcontaminationoffoodbydust.
Locatedaminimumof100yardsfromlatrines.
ServingLines.Theseshouldbe
Markedwithengineertape.
Locatedtotakeadvantageofavailablecoverandconcealment.
Planned so that 5yard intervals can be maintained between

personnel.
Latrines.Latrinesshould
Belocatedonthesideofthebivouacoppositeprevailingwinds.
Beatleast100yardsdownhillfromthewatersupply.
Beadequateforaminimumof8percentoftheunitatonetime.
Havehandwashingfacilitieslocatedneartheexits.
80
Maintenance.Theselectionofthemaintenancelocationisdependentupon
accessibility of entrance and exit routes. The area should be centrally
locatedwithintheperimeter.Themaintenancetentshouldhaveanentrance
andexitatbothends. SeeFigure22foranexampleofanorganizational
maintenancelayout.
Figure23showsasampleunitmotorpoolofficelayouthousedinageneral
purposemediumcent.Thesidewallofthetentmayberolleduptoallowthe
prescribedloadlist(PLL)clerktoissuepartsandtomovesmallitemsfrom
theoffloadingareatothestoragelocation.
FIGURE23.SAMPLEUNITMOTORPOOLOFFICELAYOUT
81
Figure24depictsalayoutexampleofamaintenancecompany,forward(DS)in
afieldenvironment.
FIGURE24.SAMPLELAYOUT,MAINTENANCECOMPANY,FORWARD(DS)
82
Itisestimatedthataminimumof25,000andamaximumof40,000square
metersofusableareaarerequiredforaDScompanyforward. Theminimum
areawouldprovideforvehicledispersionofapproximately12meters.From
thestandpointofpassivedefense,themaximumareaismoredesirable. It
isthelargestdispersionthatcanbeattainedwithoutseriousdegradation
of unit efficiency and without increasing vulnerability to guerrilla
attacks. The maintenance company, rear, because of larger size, more
vehicles,greatersupplystockage,andmoreworkload,wouldrequireanarea
oneandonehalftotwiceaslarge.
Command post. The CP must be centrally located within the perimeter.

Fromhere,itcanexercisecontroloverthecompany,remainwelldefended,
andhavelinesofcommunicationswithsubelements.
FuelTankers. Thefueltankersshouldbelocatedasnearaspossibleto
theprimaryentrancewherereturningvehiclesaretoppedoff,andthenmoved
to aprotectedpositionwithintheperimeter(awayfromlikelyavenuesof
attack) that offers protection to the tanker as well as to adjacent
facilities.
Ammunition. The basic load of ammunition should be removed from the

transportingvehicles. Itmustbestockpiledandprotectedbysandbagsor
anearthrevetment,andlocatednearthesupplytent.
Troop Areas. Personnel will be permitted to sleep only in designated

areas. Theseareasshouldbeclosetothesectionoftheperimeterthese
troopsaretodefend. Vehicleswillnotbeallowedtomovewithoutground
guidesinareaswheretroopsaresleeping.
BIVOUACDEFENSE
Assoonasthemainbodyclosesthebivouacsite,primaryemphasisshouldbe
onestablishingandimprovingthedefensesofthearea.Platoonleadersand
the company commanders should confirmtheCPlocationsandquickly review
theplacementoftheperimeter.Specialemphasisisplacedonsitingcrew
servedweaponstoensureallarounddefense. Whereauthorized,provisions
should be made to ensure construction of road blocks, placement of
antivehicularandantitankminesonlikelyavenuesofhighspeedapproach,
andthelayingofadefensiveantipersonnelminefield.Ifavailable,barbed
concertina wire, trip flares, and booby traps should be emplaced.
Individualandcrewservedpositionsarepreparedandcamouflaged,andwire
83
islaidtoCPsandobservationandlisteningposts. Asecondarywirenet
overdifferentroutesshouldbeprovided,ifpossible,toensureeffective
communicationsiftheprimarywireiscutbyenemyaction.Ifpossible,the
RC292radioantennaatthecompanyCPshouldberemovedseveralkilometers
fromthebivouacsitetoconfuseenemydirectionfindingequipment.Trucks
andtentsshouldbecamouflagedwithnaturalvegetationorthelightweight
screeningsystems.Rangecardsforeachindividualpositionandcrewserved
weaponshouldbeprepared.Coordinationwithsupportingartillery,mortars,
andreactionforcesshouldbemade,anddefensivemapoverlaysprepared.
ACTIVEDEFENSE
Active defense of a maintenance company's site does not Include fighting

beyondtheperimeterofthebivouacarea. Troopswhomanobservationand
listeningpostsmustgobeyondthebivouacboundaries.Othermembersofthe
unit do not go beyond the bivouac boundaries. Enemy ground forces may
strikeacompanyatseveralpointsatthesametimebeforemobiledefense
forcescanreachit. Therefore,thecompanycommandermustbepreparedto
usehisownforceseffectivelyatalltimes.Here,itisassumedthatthe
maintenanceunitiswithoutoutsideassistance.
NOTE: A maintenance unit uses concealment, dispersion, and deception to

protectitself.Itdoesnottakeoffensiveaction.
ALERTSYSTEM
Thealertsystemforamaintenanceunitprovidesforatwostagealert.The
first stage, "attack likely," warns unit personnel by audible or visual
signalthatanattackwillprobablytakeplace. Troopsarepositionedin
pairs, and one soldier remains alert at all times. (If the situation
permits, the other member of the team may sleep.) During the 'attack
likely'alert,asmanysoldiersaspossiblemantheirdefensivepositions.
Buteveryeffortshouldbemadetocontinuewiththeunit'snormalmission.
Whenthesecondstagealarm,"attackimminent,"isgiven,allpersonnelstop
theirnormaldutiesandmantheirdefensivepositions.Thereserveforceis
held in position near the CP until deployed by the unit commander.
Personnelremainintheirdefensivepositionsuntiltheallclearsignalis
given.
84
FIRINGONTHEENEMY
Whenenemyforcesareobservedadvancingonthebivouac,fireonthemwith
longrange weapons. Thisfiremustcoverthewithdrawalofoutpostswhen
theenemythreatenstheirsecurity. Attackersmustbekeptunderaccurate
fireastheyapproach.Whentheyarewithin150yardsorless,theyshould
be hit withfire from all weapons. Enemycombatelementssighted in the
vicinity should not be fired on when it is apparent that they intend to
bypasstheunitbivouac. However,informationofenemytroopsinthearea
should be rapidly forwarded to the nearest senior commander of friendly
forces.
NOTE: Fire from machine guns should be strictly controlled to avoid

prematuredisclosureoftheirpositions.
COUNTERATTACKING
Make every effort to destroy the enemy if they penetrate the perimeter
defense.Thecommandermayusehisreserveforcestodestroyattackersand
restoretheintegrityoftheunit'sposition,ortoblockfurtheradvanceby
the enemy. Supporting artillery and air support and the shock action of
armor may notbe available. Therefore,theadvantageofcounterattacking
must be balanced against the advantages of continuing the fight from
positions which offer some cover from enemy fire. The chance of a
successful counterattack by maintenance troops is not good. Remember;
defense of the area does not include pursuit of hostile forces, only
eliminationoftheenemyfromthebivouacarea.
WITHDRAWING
When faced with a superior force which threatens largescale defeat or

destruction,withdraw. Butfirstgetapprovalofthenexthighercommand.
However,whenwithdrawalsarenecessary,theimmediatecommandermustmakea
decision fast. The commander will want co withdraw before the defending
force is heavily engaged. When withdrawal from contact is necessary, a
smalldetachmentisusedtocoverthewithdrawal. Beforewithdrawingfrom
the area,destroyallequipment,supplies,andammunitionofvaluetothe
enemy. When possible, the security force covering the withdrawal is
providedmotortransportation. Duringperiodsoffightingwiththeenemy,
theplatoonleadersshouldcontinuouslyprovidesituationandstatusreports
to the company commander. Use all means of communications to keep the
companycommanderinformed.Thecommandermusthaveinformationinorderto
makesound,timelydecisions.
85
PASSIVEDEFENSE
Passivedefensemeasuresaretakentokeeptheenemyfromseeingthebivouac
area. Passive security measures include concealment, camouflage of
positions, control of movement, noise and light discipline, and minimum
radio and telephone traffic. Concealment and dispersion are important
passive defense measures against attack from the air. Construct twoman
foxholes with adequate overhead concealment immediately after occupying a
site. Foxholes are usually camouflaged with growth from the surrounding
area. Toconceal,usewoodedareasandblackoutlights,coverreflective
surfaces, use protective shadows, and limit movement. Use radios and
telephonesaslittleaspossible. Onemethodofdeceivingtheenemyisto
make vehicle tracks into an unoccupied wooded area and conceal tracks
leadingintotherealbivouacarea.
CLEARINGTHEBIVOUACAREA
Aunitnormallystartspreparingtoclearabivouacsoonafteritreceives
word to move. The sequence used to clear a bivouac area can vary every
time. Agoodruletofollowistoconcentratetheeffortsoftheunitin
theareasthattakethemosttime.
1. Loading. First, unit members should pack their individual clothing

andequipment.Then,organizationalequipmentnotimmediatelyrequiredfor
defenseoftheareacanbeloadedonvehiclesandsecuredforthemove.One
exceptiontothisproceduremaybethekitchenequipment,whichmaybeused
toserveahotmealjustbeforedeparture. Thisispreferabletofeeding
individualrationswhiletheunitisenroute.
2. Vehicles on Dispatch. Drivers of vehicles on dispatch should be

permittedtodelivertheircargo.Companiesabouttomovemusteithertell
supported activities that supportwillbediscontinuedorthelocation of
thenewarea.
3. Maintenance Section. The maintenance section will try to get all

inoperative vehicles in operating condition as rapidly as possible.
Vehicles which cannot be moved with the unit should be evacuated to the
nearest maintenance support activity. In a DS company, equipment which
cannotberepairedorevacuatedwillbedestroyed.
4. Refueling. Fuel tanks of all vehicles should be topped off. If

petroleum,oils,andlubricants(POL)suppliesare
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Lesson3/LearningEventl
available,thebasicloadshouldbereplenished. Anyfuelthatcannotbe
movedwillbedestroyed.
5. Mess.Whenpossible,personnelshouldbeservedahotmealbeforethe
unit'sdeparture.Whenthisisnotfeasibleandthedistanceofthemoveis
great enough to permit, serve a hot meal en route. To accomplish this,
dispatch the kitchen ahead of the main body. Give the mess steward
instructionstorendezvouswiththemainbody. Therendezvousshouldbea
predeterminedpointwhereadequateparkingfacilitiesareavailable.After
serving this meal, the mess section may be directed to join the advance
party. Themesssectionshoulddepartwithafullsupplyofwater,fuel,
andrations.
6. GarbageSumpsandLatrines. Fillgarbagesumpswithatleast2feet
ofdirt.Whenclosinglatrines,spraywithanapprovedinsecticidetokill
fliesandotherinsects.Spraythecontentsofthepit,andsidewalls,and
thegroundsurface.Sprayatleast2feetaroundthepit.Then,fillthe
pittothetopwithsuccessive3inchlayersofearth.Packeachlayerdown
and spray its surface with insecticide. Mound the latrine over with at
least 1 foot of earth. Finally, mark the covered latrine with a sign
readingLATRINECLOSEDandthedate.
7. Road Clearance. The road clearance is obtained from higher

headquarters or traffic control headquarters. Request road clearance as
soonastheunitisalertedtomove.
8. Communications. Wirecommunicationwillbediscontinuedandallwire
recovered. Radio nets will be opened in accordance with the unit signal
operationinstructions(SOI).
9. ClosingBivouac.Aftertheunitispreparedfordeparture,theentire
area is policed. When the main body has moved from the area, a small
detachment should inspect the bivouac site. The detachment checks for
proper police and searches for items of equipment that may have been
overlooked.
DESTRUCTIONOFEQUIPMENT
Equipmentmayhavetobedestroyedtopreventitscaptureandsubsequentuse
bytheenemy.Theauthorityfororderingdestructionofequipmentisvested
in division and/or higher commanders, who may delegate authority to
subordinatecommanderswhenthesituationrequires.
87
DEGREEOFDAMAGE
Destruction should be such that the equipment and essential repair parts
cannot be restored to operation either by repair or cannibalization.
Classified equipment must be destroyed to prevent the enemy from gaining
knowledge about its operations and functions. Associated classified
documentsmustalsobedestroyedtorenderthemuselesstotheenemy.
METHODSOFDESTRUCTION
Detailed methods of destroying specific items are in applicable technical

publications.Thefollowingmethodsmaybeusedsingly,orincombination:
1. Improper operationoverloading, shortcircuiting, or operating

withoutlubricants.
2. Fireuse of gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, incendiary grenades,

flamethrowers,orthermaldevices.
3. Weaponsfireanyrifle,machinegun,antitankweapon,orotherweapon
whichmaybeaccuratelyaimed.
4. Demolitionanymilitaryhighexplosiveandfragmentationgrenades.
5. Mechanical destructionsmashing,bending,cutting,orslashingusing
sledges, hammers, axes, rocks, heavy wrenches and similar hand tools,
crowbars,cuttingtorches,andsoforth.
6. Use of natural surroundingssubmergence, burial, concealment, or

scatteringusingshovels,spades,hoes,orotherdiggingequipment.
PRIORITIESFORDESTRUCTION
Prioritymustalwaysbegiventothedestructionofclassifiedequipmentand
associateddocuments.Highpriorityisalsogiventodestructionofweapons
andammunition. Whenlackoftimeormeanslimitscompletedestructionof
equipment,priorityisgiventodestructionofessentialparts.Thesesame
partsaretobedestroyedonalllikeequipment.
88
LearningEvent2
GARRISONMAINTENANCESITES
Maintenanceunitsoperatinginagarrisontypeenvironmentusuallyoperate
in buildings. These may be expressly designed as shop buildings,
warehouses, aircraft hangars, or similar structures. In this type of
operation, the size of the area and the number, types, and sizes of
availablebuildingsdeterminethearealayout.Awellorganizedmotorpool
isessentialforcontrol,management,andsupportofmaintenanceoperations.
Theunitmissionandtypeofequipmentwilldeterminethetypeoffacility.
FACILITIESLAYOUT
Garrisonmaintenancefacilitiesincludebuildings,hardstands,watersupply,
electricalpower,roadnets,fences,andotherrealproperty. Thelargest
shopareaisusedforwheeledandtrackedvehicles.Maintenancefacilities
must
Provideeasyaccess.
Bereadilysecured.
Becentrallylocated.
Havestoragespaceforsupplies,repairparts,tools,andequipment.
Haveasourceofwater.
Haveeffectivedrainage.
Have a rest/break area with adequate ventilation and heat for

operatorsandmechanics.
Providesufficientlight.
Thefacilitieslayoutwilldependonthesizeandlocationoftheunitand
thefacilitiesavailable.Majorlayoutconsiderationsinclude
Establishingacontrolpoint.
Selectingequipmentholdingareas.
Designingtheshoparea.
89
Controllingtrafficflow.
Establishing a secure area to control repair parts, tools, and test

equipment.
Providingadequatelightingandsafety.
Ensuringsecurity.
In laying out the area, the same considerations apply as in field

operations. For example, the control office, the supply office, and the
initialinspectionsectionshouldbeneartheentrancetothearea.Supply
trafficshouldbekeptoutofthemaintenanceareas.Elementswithrelated
or complementary functions should be located near each other. Although
certain types of repair and parts fabrication are accomplished with
equipment mounted on vehicles, these vehicles, space permitting, can be
movedinsidebuildings.RefertoFigures25and26,andtoFigures27and
28onpages92and93forsuggestedfacilitieslayouts.
FIGURE25.COMPANYMAINTENANCEAREA
90
FIGURE26.COMPANYAREAMAINTENANCESHOP
91
FIGURE27.BATTALIONMAINTENANCEAREA
92
FIGURE28.BATTALIONMAINTENANCESHOP
93
DIRECTSUPPORTSHOPORGANIZATIONANDLAYOUT
The maintenance shop of a DS maintenance unit is normally composed of a

control element (maintenance control section), a service and recovery
element, and one or more maintenance platoons or sections. The shop is
responsibleforreceipt,inspection,control,repair,and/orevacuationof
allequipmentreceivedfromsupportedunits. Shoplayoutandworkfloware
of primeimportanceinfacilitatingtheseoperations. Agoodlayoutwill
speedtheflowofworkthroughtheshopandminimizethemovementofrepair
parts,tools,andequipment. (SeeFigure29.) Principlestobeobserved
whenlayingoutthefacilityinclude
1. Worksectionsshouldbelocatedforreadyaccesstoeachother.
2. Supply storage areas should be located to permit easy access for

trucks.
3. The service section should be located to provide easy access to all

maintenanceshops.
4. Electronics and instrument repair should be accomplished in a dust

freearea.
5. Theserviceandrecoveryelementshouldbelocatedinthevicinityof
themaintenanceplatoonorsectiontofacilitatealliedtradessupportand
themovementofvehicles.
6. Thecontrolsectionandtheinspectionelementshouldbelocatednear
themainentrancetothefacility.
7. The supply platoon should be located near an entrance to keep heavy

trafficoutoftheworkareas.
94
FIGURE29.MAINTENANCECOMPANY,FORWARD(DS)
95
FACILITIESMANAGEMENT
The unit commander and maintenance personnel must keep their facilities
repaired and make improvements which permit more efficient operation or
improveworkingconditions.ThebattalionS4hasstaffresponsibilitiesfor
facilitiesmanagement.
Most installations have selfhelp programs for minor repairs and basic
improvements.Specificproceduresareprovidedbythefacilityengineersat
eachinstallation.
More complex maintenance and repairs involve support from the facilities
engineers.Workrequestsaregroupedintwocategories,asfollows:
Service orders (SO) are used for small maintenance and repair jobs,
such as emergency repair of broken plumbing.. The repair service is
normallyrequestedtelephonically.
Individual work orders are used for new work, repair, and minor
construction; inspections; PM; recurring maintenance and repair work for
buildings,grounds,surfacedareas,andutilitysystems;andmiscellaneous
maintenance. TheDAForm4283(FacilitiesEngineeringWorkRequestXFA,
XFB,XFC)isusedtorequestthistypeofsupport.
96
LESSON3
REVIEWEXERCISE

completedtheexercise,turntothesolutionattheendofthelessonand
restudythesectionofthelessonwheretheinformationisgiven.
1. Beforeoccupyinganunfamiliarbivouacarea,amapreconnaissancewill
bemadebythe_______________.
A. OperationsNCO
B. SecurityNCO
C. XO
D. Unitcommander
2. A bivouac area should be large enough to accommodate the unit but

smallenoughto______________.
A. Ringwithwire
B. Defend
C. Resupply
D. Placemines
3. Roadguidesandroutemarkerswillbeplacedfromtheoldbivouacsite
tothenewlocationbythe________________.
A. Reconnaissanceparty
B. Advanceparty
C. Mainbody
D. Securityforce
97
4. Latrinesshouldbelocated___________downhillfromthewatersupply.
A. 50feet
B. 100feet
C. 50yards
D. 100yards
5. Servinglinesatthemesstentwillbeplannedsothatanintervalof
_____________betweenpersonnelcanbemaintained.
A. 5feet
B. 10feet
C. 5yards
D. 10yards
6. Active defense of a company bivouac site does not include

_______________.
A. Wireobstacles
B. Protectiveminefields
C. Fightingoutsideperimeter
7. Toensureeffectivecommunications,aprimarywirenet,radios,anda
__________________shouldbeemployed.
A. Secondarywirenet
B. Runner
C. Motorizedmessenger
8. Enemy combat elements bypassing your unit bivouac should not be

_________________.
A. Reportedtohigherheadquarters
B. Firedon
C. Ignored
98
9. The alert system for a maintenance unit provides for two stages.
Duringthe"attack______________"stage,allnormaldutiesarehalted
anddefensivepositionsaremanned.
A. Likely
B. Imminent
C. Suspected
D. Threatened
10. Theunitcommanderwillwanttowithdrawbeforethedefendingforceis
_______________.
A. Heavilyengaged
B. Relieved
C. Resupplied
D. Positioned
99
1. D(page77)
2. B(page77)
3. B(page78)
4. D(page80)
5. C(page80)
6. C(page84)
7. A(page84)
8. B(page85)
9. B(page84)
10. A(page85)
100
Lesson4
LESSON4
FUNDAMENTALSOFSUPPLYOPERATIONS
TASK
Describecorrectproceduresforconductingsupplyoperationsinaunitlevel
maintenancefacility.
CONDITIONS
You will be given information describing supply operations which must be

conductedbyaunitlevelmaintenancefacility,anACCPExaminationResponse
Sheet,andaNo.2pencil.
STANDARDS
REFERENCES:
AR156
AR7102
AR72550
AR7355
AR73511
DAPam71021
DAPam738750
FM2923
NGBM7001
101
LearningEvent1
SUPPLYPROCEDURESANDTERMINOLOGY
This learning event presents an overview of supply room procedures,

includingstorage,maintenance,safety,security,protectionagainstweather
damage,andsupplyterminology. ThesuccessorfailureoftheentireArmy
supplysystemreststoagreatextentontheproperimplementationofsupply
procedures at the unit level. When equipment is received, managers and
supplypersonnelincuranobligationtoaccountforituntilitisreturned
to the supply support activity. Accounting for equipment also includes
preparing and processing adjustment documents in the event equipment is
lost,damaged,ordestroyed. Asamaintenancesupervisor,youwillplaya
veryimportantpartinsupplymanagementandaccountability.
During this learning event, supply room procedures and supply terminology
willbediscussed.Thisdiscussionisdesignedtoshowyou,themaintenance
supervisor,therelationshipbetweenmaintenanceandsupply. Yourability
to accomplish your maintenance mission will depend upon good unit supply
procedures.
SUPPLYTERMINOLOGY
1. Inventory.Thephysicalcountofitemsonhandforverificationwith
therecordedbalances.
2. Negligence. An act or an omission to act that a reasonable person

would not perform or fail to perform under similar circumstances. Full
considerationwillbegiventothedegreeofcareandresourcefulnesswhich
mightreasonablybeexpectedofthepersonconcerned,consideringtheirage,
experience,andspecialqualifications,aswellastothespecificnatureof
the property (personal or supervisory responsibility) in determining the
reasonablenessoftheactormissioninquestion. Monetaryliabilitywill
result when a person's negligence, willful misconduct, or wrongful
appropriationofgovernmentpropertyisthedirectorproximatecauseofany
loss,damage,ordestructionofsuchproperty.
3. Organization Clothing and Equipment. Clothing and equipment

authorized by the applicable common table of allowances maintained and
accountedforontheorganizationpropertybook(forexample,clothing,such
asparkasorshelterhalves).
102
4. Recoverable Item. An article selected on the basis of dollar value

and requirements, which is essentially worthy of being repaired and used
again.
5. ReportofSurvey.Anofficialreportusedtorecordthecircumstances
concerningtheloss,unserviceability,ordestructionofproperty,andwhich
serves as or supports a voucher for droppage of items from the property
recordsonwhichtheyarelisted.
6. Responsibility. Theobligationofanindividualwithrespecttothe
proper custody, care, and safekeeping of property entrusted to the
individual'spossessionorundertheirsupervision,withorwithoutreceipt,
regardless of the condition of property (serviceability). There are two
distincttypesofresponsibility:commandanddirect.
Command responsibility. Applies to the officer in command of an

installation, unit, or major activity, who has command responsibility for
the security of all public propertyofhiscommand,whetherinuse or in
storage. Command responsibility extends to a thorough observation of
subordinatesandenforcementofallsecurity,safety,andaccounting.
Directresponsibility. Appliestoindividualstowhompublicarms
and/or equipment is entrusted for care and safekeeping, whether such
property is in their personal possession, in use, or in storage. Direct
responsibilityisdividedintotwotypes:personalandnonpersonal.
Personalresponsibility.Therelationshipbetweenanindividual
andarmsorequipment,includinghandtoolsissuedorotherwiseacquiredfor
or converted to the individual's exclusive personal use, with or without
receipt. In addition, without exception, an individual has personal
responsibilityforpropertythattheindividualhasconvertedtotheirown
usewithoutpermissionorauthority;forexample,astolenvehicle.
Nonpersonal responsibility. The relationship between an

individualandpropertyundertheircontrolorsupervision,withinthescope
of the individual's employment, for which the individual does not have
personalresponsibility.
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Lesson4/LearningEventI
7. Sensitive Item. Material requiring a high degree of protection and

control because of statutory requirements or regulations, such as medical
items (narcotics, taxfree alcohol, precious metals); highvalue, highly
technical, or hazardous items; and small arms, ammunition, explosives and
demolitionmaterial.
8. Sets, Kits, Outfits (SKO). The assemblage of various items that

comprise a set of equipment designated for a specific use, such as a
carpentertoolsetcompletewithallsaws,hammers,levels,squares,andso
on.
9. StatementofCharges.Aformusedbyaresponsiblesupplyofficerto
charge an enlisted soldier, officer, or Department of the Army civilian
employeefortheloss,damage,ordestructionofgovernmentproperty.This
form cannot be used when charges against any one individual exceed one
month'sbasepay. Reimbursementbytheindividualchargedisaccomplished
bypayrolldeduction.
10. SupplyEconomy. Thecareful,thriftymanagementanduseofsupplies

and equipment. Supply economy is the basic reason for conserving,
maintaining,repairing,recovering,preserving,safeguarding,andsalvaging
supplies.Eachsoldierhasaresponsibilityforsupplyeconomy.
11. SurveyingOfficer. Theofficerauthorizedtomakeaninquiryandfix

responsibility for damage, loss, or destruction of military property when
suchlossesaredeterminedtobenotduetonormalfairwearandtear.
12. Unserviceability. Amore inclusivetermthandamageordestruction.

Itindicates,inmilitaryusage,thatthearticle(s)towhichthetermis
applied is/are no longer useful for the intended purpose. Damage or
destructionmayormaynotbeinvolved. Thetermindicatespropertythat
hasdeterioratedthroughuse,butitmayincludepropertynolongerusable
foritsoriginalpurpose,regardlessofthereasonsforitscondition.
UNITSUPPLYROOMPROCEDURES(STORAGEANDMAINTENANCE)
One of the first things that must be considered in discussions of supply

room procedures is the supply room itself. Other things that must be
consideredindeterminingwhetherornotthesupplyproceduresandsecurity
measuresareadequateincludesafetyprovisions,securityagainsttheft,and
protection against weather damage. Alsoconsideredwillbecertain items
thatrequirespecialstorageprocedures.
104
Thelayoutofstoragefacilitiesisanimportantfactorindeterminingthe
efficiencyandsecurityofthestorageoperation.Therefore,eachunitwill
requirecertainstoragefacilitiestoprotect,secure,andhandlesupplies
essentialtoitsoperation. Asupplyroomisalwaysnecessaryforstoring
supplies and for controlling the issue of supplies. An arms room is
required to store weapons, and a toolroom or auxiliary storage room is
neededforstoringmiscellaneoussupplies,suchastools,expendables,and
housekeeping supplies. A building away from the maintenance building is
necessaryforstoringpaintifitiskeptonhandintheunit.
Atoolroomorauxiliarystorageroommaybeusedforstoringtoolsandother
itemsthatshouldbeplacedunderlockandkey.
Forsafety,flammablescrapmaterialsmustbestoredinopenstorageareas.
Working materials, such as paint, excelsior, and rags, when not properly
stored,presentanextremefirehazard. Therefore,thesematerialsshould
be stored in receptacles which are fireproof, sparkproof, and properly
marked to identify their usage. Selfclosing metal receptacles must be
provided for all discarded oily waste, rags, excelsior, or mechanic's
clothing. Provisions of local SOPs should also be considered when
establishingsafetyprocedures.
Whensuppliesarescored,theftandpilferageareaproblem. Suppliescan
bestoleninlargequantities(theft)andinsmallquantities(pilferage).
Someofthemostdesirableitemsareclothing,foodstuffs,andsmalltools.
Items such as small tools and clothing are considered "sensitive" items;
theymustbekeptundercontinuoussurveillance. Constantinspectionsand
lockandkeysecurityarethebestprotectionagainsttheft.
Protection against weather damage is important when caring for supplies.

Determinewhethertheitemshouldbestoredinatemperatureandhumidity
controlledwarehouse,astoragewarehouse,ashed,oranopenstoragearea.
Supplies stored in the open must be protected from adverse weather
conditions.
105
Materials become unserviceable for many reasons. The life expectancy of

manyitemsisinfluencedandlimitedbyhumidityandtemperature.Humidity,
the moisture in the air, has a deteriorating effect on most supplies.
Supplies must be constantly inspected to ensure that they have not been
damaged by temperature extremes. For instance, paints may be severely
damaged or even become useless when subjected to temperatures below
freezing. Often overlooked as a storage hazard is the proximity of the
suppliestosourcesofartificialheat,suchasstovesorsuspendedheaters.
Dunnage, paulins, and tents are the three primary means of protecting
suppliesintheopenfromweatherelements.Dunnageisanymaterialthatis
used in transportation and storage to support and secure supplies, to
protect them from damage, or to provide ease in handling. Paulins are
sheets of canvas or other moistureresistant material. They are used to
cover supplies in open storage to protect them from the sun, wind, rain,
snow, or ice. Paulins must be overlapped in a direction away from
prevailingwinds,folded,andsecurelyfastenedtogivemaximumprotection.
After adverse weather, paulins must be checked for damage. Tents often
provideexcellentprotectionfromtheweather,Iferectedproperly.Tents,
likepaulins,mustbecheckedafteradverseweatherconditions.
106
LearningEvent2
PRESCRIBED LOAD LIST, REQUESTING SUPPLIES, SUPPLY STATUS, CANCELLATION,
TURNINPROCEDURES
Manualprocedurestomanageandoperateasupplyoperationforsupportunits
belowthewholesalelevelareusedbyallArmyelements. Deviationsfrom
procedures outlined below will only be made with prior approval of
Headquarters, Department of theArmy(HQDA). Requestsfordeviation from
accountingprocedureswillbepreparedandprocessedusingAR7355.
Thesupplysergeantwillsupervisethesupplyoperationandmusttherefore
know the procedures well enough so that he can teach his subordinates.
Supervisorsmustbefamiliarwiththeformusedtorequestsuppliesaswell
as what their unit is authorized, how to replenish supplies, how to set
priorities,andwhenandhowtocancelorturninsuppliesandequipment.
PRESCRIBEDLOADLIST(PLL)
APLLofrepairpartsisaquantityofessentialsuppliesauthorizedtobe
onhandattheuserlevel. Thesuppliesaremaintainedatunitleveland
enabletheunittosustainitselfuntilresupplycanbeeffected. ThePLL
is made upofabasic load(whenkept)andanoperationalloadof repair
parts.
1. Thebasicloadsupportsunitmaintenanceoperationsincombatfor15
days.Basicloaditemscanalsobeusedtosupportpeacetimeoperations.
2. The operational load supports daily unit maintenance operations.

Normally,thisisalsoforaprescribednumberofdaysofsupply.
To manage and evaluate PLL procedures effectively, managers must be

completelyfamiliarwiththePLLandwhatitis,thepoliciesthatapplyto
thePLL,therecordsthatarerequiredtomanagethePLL,andtheUniform
MaterielManagementandIssuePrioritySystem(UMMIPS).
107
The DA Form 2063R (Prescribed Load List). The completed DA Form 2063R
(Figure30),approvedbythecommander,isthePLLinthemanualsystem.It
identifies the quantity of repair parts and maintenancerelated items
authorizedtobeonhandoronorderattheuserlevel.ThePLLconsistsof
thefollowing:
1. Itemsdesignatedforinitialstockageforassignedequipment.
2. Anyadditionalrepairpartsormaintenancerelatedexpendablesupplies
thathavegeneratedsufficientdemands(atleastthreedemandsinthemost
recent180daysforActiveArmy(360daysforArmyNationalGuard(ARNG)/
UnitedStatesArmyReserve(USAR))toqualifyforstockage.
PLL Policy. Thefollowingarethepoliciesthatdeterminetheprocedures

forPLL:
1. ThetotalnumberofPLLlinesmaynotexceed300. Unitsmayrequest
exceptionsfromthemajorArmycommand(MACOM).UnitswithacombatPLLor
anessentialrepairpartsstockagelist(ERPSL)mayexceedthislimit.The
DAPam71021providesdetails.
2. ThecommanderkeepingthePLLisalsoitsapprovingauthority.
3. AllPLLstocksmustbeonhandoronrequest.
4. Units that regularly support other units without maintenance

capabilities will include the supported unit's equipment in their PLL
computations.
5. Technical manuals identify repair parts by NSN, name, and

recoverability code. They also prescribe the level of maintenance
authorizedtorequestandusetherepairparts. TheArmyMasterDataFile
(AMDF)canbeusedtocheckrequestdataforitemsassignedanNSN.
108
FIGURE30.DAFORM2063R(PRESCRIBEDLOADLIST)
109
6. An inventory of the PLL must be made when DA Forms 3318 (Record of

DemandsTitleInsert),showninFigure31,arereviewed.Thereviewperiod
is90daysfortheActiveArmyand180daysfortheARNG/USAR.
FIGURE31.DAFORM3318(RECORDOFDEMANDSTITLEINSERT)
7. Units authorized to perform maintenance above the unit level may

includeitemsprescribedbytechnicalmanualsforthemaintenancelevelthey
performiftheyqualifyforstockage. Theseitemsarenotsubjecttothe
300linelimitplacedonPLLs.
110
8. Propertybookaccountabilityisnotestablishedforprescribedloads.
However,theunitcommanderisresponsibleforexercisingadequatecareand
surveillanceoversuchsupplies.
9. Prescribedloadliststocksandrecordsaremaintainedinunitswhich
areauthorizedpersonnel,tools,andequipmenttoperformmaintenance.
10. Demandsupportedrepairpartsforanyequipmentonwhichtheunitcan
performmaintenanceareincludedinthePLL.
11. The PLL stocks and records will be kept in an area convenient for
maintenancepersonnel.
TypesofStockage.Threetypesofstockageareonhandattheunitlevel:
initial,consumableitem,anddirectexchange(DX)stockage.
1. Initial stockage of repair parts is established for new units and

unitshavingachangeinequipment.Initialstockageisbasedonessential
needssupportedbydatafromtechnicalmanualsorbyhistoricalusagedata
of units with the same equipment. When technical or usage data are not
available, PLLs and/or card decks may be requested through the supply
support activity (SSA) from Commander, USAMC Materiel Readiness Support
Activity, ATTN: AMXMDS, Lexington, KY 405115101 (except for medical,
missile, United States Army Intelligence and Security Command, and
communicationssecurityequipment).
2. Consumable item stockage refers to items consumed in performing

maintenance,suchasnuts,bolts,screws,tubing,othercommonhardware,and
other quick supply store (QSS) items. These items may be requested and
stocked based on usage. They may be on hand in quantities up to an
estimatedsevendaysofsupplyandarenotincludedintheoperationalload.
TheDAForm3318isnotrequiredunlesstheyarebasicloaditems.Whena
repairisrequestedanditdoesnotappearonthePLLorDXlist,therepair
partsclerkmustchecktheQSSlist.Thislistispublishedperiodicallyby
theSSA.AfterthepartrequiredhasbeenidentifiedasaQSSitem,itis
requested from the SSA on a QSS want slip. No posting to other supply
recordsisrequiredforQSSitems.
111
3. Direct exchange stockage items are repair parts considered to be

recoverable/repairable. These are supplied from the SSA to using units
throughasystemknownasDX.Underthisprocedure,unserviceableitemsare
exchanged for serviceable items on a oneforone basis. A list of items
authorizedtobeexchangedisprovidedtotheusingunitbytheSSA. When
theusingunit'spartsclerkdeterminesthattheunserviceableitemisDX,
hepreparesDAForm2402(ExchangeTag).IftheDXitemisPLL,theparts
clerk will exchange the item, if available. The DA Form 3318 is then
posted. TheDXitemsthatarenotstockedorareatzerobalancewillbe
assigned the appropriate UrgencyofNeedDesignator(UND). Commanders or
theirdesignatedrepresentativemustauthenticateeachhighpriorityDXitem
byplacingtheirsignatureinBlock8ofDAForm2402.WhentheDXitemis
turnedintotheSSA,copy1oftheDXtagisretainedbythepartsclerkas
adueout,ifaserviceableitemisnotonhand. Supervisorsmustensure
that all unserviceable DX items are turned in promptly to the SSA for
exchange and that dueouts forDXitemsareonfileintheunit's repair
parts section. Parts clerks should be required to make frequent contact
withtheirSSAtocheckonthesedueouts.
NonstockedItemDemandFile. AseparatefileofDAForms3318(Figure31)
must be kept to record demands fornonstockeditems. Theseitems may be
addedtothePLLaftermeetingthestockagecriteriaofthreedemandsinthe
mostrecent180days(360daysforARNG/USAR). Theitemsmaybeaddedto
thePLLatthetimeofthethirddemand.
1. When a nonstocked item is demanded for the first time, take the
followingactions:
a. PrepareaDAForm3318fortheitem.TheTitleInsertsectionneed
notbecompletedatthetimetheformisprepared.(Keeponlyonecardfor
eachstocknumber.)
b. enterthedemandontheform.Itisnotnecessarytokeeptrackof
dueoutsortherequestsenttotheSSA.Usethedocumentregisterforthis
purpose.
c. Filetheforminthenonstockedfileinnationalitemidentification
number(NIIN)sequence.
112
2. Whenanonstockeditemisdemandedforthesecondandfollowingtimes,
takethefollowingactions:
a. EnterthedemandontheDAForm3318.
b. Lineoutdemandsthataremorethan180daysold(morethan360days
oldforARNG/USAR).
c. Reviewtheformtoseeifthestockagecriteriahavebeenmet.
3. Whenreviewofthenonstockedfileisnecessary(atleastonceevery
90days(180daysforARNG/USAR)),takethefollowingactions:
a. Removecardsfromthefilethatnolongerapplytotheequipmenton
hand or have had no demands in the most recent 180 days (360 days for
ARNG/USAR).
b. Submit cancellation requestsforanydueinsthatdonotapplyto

equipmentonhand.
4. When an item meets the PLL stockage criteria, inform the unit
commander. ThecommanderwilldecidewhethertoaddtheitemstothePLL.
WhentheitemswillbeaddedtothePLL,takethefollowingactions:
a. Addthequantitiesofthethreedemands.Enterthisquantityinthe
QuantityDemandedcolumnofDAForm3318. (Usethenextavailableline.)
Underline this entry. Do not count any of the demands above this line
duringfuturereviews.
b. Determine the initial stockagequantityfortheitem. Followthe

proceduresinDAPam71021.
c. Prepare arequest for theinitialstockagequantity,usingUNDC.

EntertherequestonthefirstavailablelineintheRequestsectionofDA
Form3318.
d. CompletetheTitleInsertsectionofDAForm3318.
e. FiletheDAForm3318inthePLLvisiblefile.
f. PrepareachangetothePLL.UseDAForm2063R.Obtaintheunit
commander'sapproval.
g. SendthePLLchangeandtherequestforinitialstockagetotheSSA.
113
5. WhenanonstockeditemhasmetthePLLstockagecriteria,butisnot
addedtothePLL,takethefollowingactions:
a. Write "Commander does not desire to stock this item" on DA Form

3318.MakethisentryonthenextlineoftheDemandssection.
b. Continue keeping the card in the nonstocked file. Start keeping

trackofdemandsagain.
UniformMaterielMovementandIssuePrioritySystem(UUMIPS).TheUUMIPSis
designed to ensure that items are delivered according to the military
importanceoftherequestingunitandtheurgencyofneedforotheritems.
Thesystemisbasedonacombinationoffactorsrelatingthemissionofthe
requisitioner,force/activitydesignator(FAD),andtheUNDoftherequest.
1. TheFADisexpressedbyRomannumeralsI,II,III,III,IV,orV;The
permanent ordersactivatingtheunitusuallyincludetheassignedFAD. A
unithasonlyonePAD.ThehighestpriorityunitsareassignedFADI;the
lowestareassignedFADV.
2. TheUNDisdeterminedbytheusingunit. Itisusedtoexpresshow
urgentlytheunitneedstherequestedsupplies. TheUNDisidentifiedby
thelettersA,B,orC.
a. TheUNDAisusedtorequestmaterialidentifiedinthemodification
table of organization and equipment (MTOE) with equipment readiness code
(EC) A, and/or required for immediate installation on, or repair of,
missionessentialmaterialwithoutwhichtheunitoractivity isunableto
performitsassignedmission.
b. TheUNDBisusedtorequestmaterialidentifiedintheMTOEwith
ERCBand/orrequiredforimmediateinstallationon,orrepairof,mission
essential material without which the ability of the unit or activity to
performitsassignedoperationalmissionisimpaired.Itisalsousedwhen
material isrequiredforimmediateuseforinstallationon,orrepairof,
auxiliaryequipment.
c. TheUNDCisusedtorequestmaterialidentifiedintheMTOEwith
ERC C and/or required for scheduled repair, maintenance, manufacture, or
replacement of all equipment and/or material required for purposes not
coveredbyanyotherUND.
114
3. The priority designator (PD) for a supply request is determined by

relatingtheFADtotheUNDoftheneededitem.UseTable4toselectthe
PDonthelinethatrelatestheunitFADandUND. ThePDsforallsupply
requestswillbedeterminedaccordingtotheUMMIPS(AR72550).Commanders
willeitherpersonallyreviewordelegate,inwriting,tospecificpersons
the authoritytoreviewallrequestsbasedonUNDsAandB. This review
willbedonepriortosendingtherequesttotheSSA(AR7102).
TABLE4.PRIORITYDESIGNATORTABLE
PLL Replenishment. Priorities are assigned to replenishment requests, as

follows:
1. TheUNDCisnormallyusedtodeterminethePDforreplenishmentwhen
itemsonthePLLareusedandthelineisNOTatzerobalance.
2. TheUNDBmaybeusedtodeterminethePDforreplenishmentofaline
itemwhenthelineISatzerobalance.
3. TheUNDAisnotauthorizedtobeusedindeterminingthePDforPLL
replenishment.
PLLRecords.ThePLLrecordsconsistofthefollowing:
1. TheDAForm2063R(PrescribedLoadList).
2. TheDAForm3318(RecordofDemandsTitleInsert).Thisformisused
torecordalliteminformation,suchas
115
NSN, technical manual data, nomenclature,andsoon. Itisalsoused to

recorddemands,requests,receipts,inventories,andreviews. Theseforms
are maintained in avisible fileintheNIINsequence,whichisthe last
nine characters of the NSN. The primary purpose of DA Form 3318 in the
manual system is to allow units to adjust their stockage based on demand
experience.
REQUESTINGSUPPLIES
Units must submit all requests for supplies to the specific SSA that
suppliestheitem.TheSSAstockrecordofficerthendeterminesthesource
ofsupplyfortherequesteditem.
Requestsarepreparedwhen
AuthorizedPLLstockagelevelsincrease.
Itemsareaddedtotheunitequipmentauthorization.
MaintenancepersonnelneedrepairpartsnotcarriedonPLL,although
authorized.
The QSS and selfservicesupplycenter(SSSC)linesatthedirect

supplyunitareatzerobalanceandyourrequestishighpriority.
Stocksneedtobereplenished.
Prioritydesignatorsforallrequestsforissuearedeterminedaccordingto
the UMMIPS described in AR 72550. Commanders will personally review or
delegate,inwriting,tospecificpersonstheauthoritytoreviewallhigh
priorityrequestsforissuebasedonUNDAand3(PDs01through08).This
review is done before the requests for issue are sent to your Materiel
ManagementCenter/StockControlSection(MMC/SCS).
UseofFormstoRequestSupplies. TheDAForm2765(RequestforIssueor
TurnIn) Prepunched/Preprinted (Figure 32) is primarily used to request
initialissue,expendable,durable,ornonexpendablesupplieslistedinthe
AMDF. TheDAForm2765ManuallyPrepared(Figure33)onpage118isused
whenaprepunched/preprintedDAForm2765isnotavailable.
116
FIGURE32.DAFORM2765(REQUESTFORISSUEORTURNIN)
PREPUNCHED/PREPRINTED
UseofFormstoRequestRepairParts. Thefollowingformswillbeusedto
requestrepairparts:(TheDXandQSSrequestswillbeaddressedlaterin
thislearningevent,underTypesofStockage.)
1. TheDAForm2765(RequestforIssueorTurnIn)Prepunched/Preprinted
(Figure32)isnormallyavailableforeachiteminthePLL.Inthemanual
system, these should be filed behind each corresponding DA Form 3318.
Supervisorsshouldalwayschecktomakesurethatprepunched/preprintedDA
Forms 2765arebeingusedif theyareavailable. Theuseofthese cards
lessensthepossibilityoferrorsconsiderablyandmakesrequestseasierand
fastertoprepare
117
FIGURE33.DAFORM2765MANUALLYPREPARED
118
and submit. Prepunched/preprinted DA Forms 2765, when available, are

providedbytheSSAwiththeletter"P"enteredinblock3ofDAForm2765
1. Prepunched/preprintedOAForms2765areprovidedonlyforitemsonthe
PLL.
2. TheDAForm27651(RequestforIssueorTurnIn)(Figure34)onpage
120 is a fourpart carbon interleaved form. The first (hard) copy is
retainedbytheSSAasavouchercopy.Thesecond(tissue)copyisreturned
totherequestingorganizationforquantitiesestablishedasadueout.The
third(tissue)copyIsusedbytherequestingactivityasasuspensecopy.
The fourth (hard) copy will be returned by the support activity to the
requestingorganizationwiththesuppliesrequested.
119
FIGURE34.DAFORM27651(REQUESTFORISSUEORTURNIN)
3. TheDDForm13486(DODSingleLineItemRequisitionSystemDocument)
(Figure 35) is used to request nonNSN items, classified items, MWO and
modificationkits,anditemsrequiringexceptiondata. TheDDForm13486
ispreparedinthreecopies. Copies1and2areforwardedtotheSSAand
copy3isfiledinthedueinstatus.
120
FIGURE35.DDFORM13486(DODSINGLELINEITEMREQUISITIONSYSTEM
DOCUMENT)
121
4. The DA Form 2064 (Document Register for Supply Actions), shown in

Figure 36, is used to record requests, receipts, turnins, cancellations,
followups, supply status, and document numbers assigned to supply
documents. Itservesasasuspensefileforopensupplytransactions. It
isoneofthemostimportantdocumentsinarepairsection. Togetherwith
the DA Form 3318 (Figure 31), theDAForm2064comprisesthebasic audit
trailforallsupplytransactionsintherepairpartssection.
Therearetwotypesofdocumentregistersforsupplyactions:nonexpendable
andexpendable/durable.
1. Thenonexpendabledocumentregisteriskeptatpropertybooklevel.
2. Expendable/durabledocumentregistersarekeptbyeachelementwithin
aunitthatisauthorizedtosubmitsupplyrequeststoanSSA.
PropertyBookOfficer.Thepropertybookofficer(PBO)designateselements
within a unit that are authorized to request expendable and durable
supplies. The PBO does this by using a DA Form 2496 (Disposition form
(DF)). The OF will also specify the class of supply, the DOD activity
addresscode(DODAAC)tobeused,andanyrestrictions. Forexample,only
oneelementwithinaunitisauthorizedtorequestdurableitems.Thiswill
normally be the unit supply. Other elements would be restricted from
requestingdurables.
ThePBOmakessuredocumentnumbersarenotduplicated. ThePBOdoesthis
by
1. ObtainingaseparateDODAACforeachunitrequestingsupplies.
2. Providing, by DF, separate blocks of document serial numbers to

elementswithinaunit. Separateblocksarerequiredwhensupplyrequests
aresentbymorethanoneelementofaunitassignedaDODAAC.
SUPPLYSTATUS
Supply status tells the requester of a decision made by a supplier on a

specificsupplyrequest. SupplystatusisreceivedfromtheSSAonstatus
cardsand/orlistings.Supplystatusisintheformofstatuscodes. The
codes are explained in DA Pam 71021. There are two types of supply
status:shipmentandexceptionstatus.
122
FIGURE36.DAFORM2064(DOCUMENTREGISTERFORSUPPLYACTIONS)
123
1. Shipmentstatusisthestatusofestimatedoractualshipmentdates.
2. Exception status results from any of the following supply decisions

madebythesupplier:
Substitutionofanauthorizedstocknumber.
Changeofunitofissueand/orquantity.
Establishing a back order when material cannot be sent by the

standarddeliverydateortherequireddeliverydate.
Partialsupplyactiononarequestedquantity.
Requestrejection(returnedwithoutaction)foraspecificreason.
Cancellationconfirmed.
Procurementofmaterialfordirectshipmentfromvendortocustomer.
Indicationthatmaterialmaynotbesenttotherequesterwithinthe
settimeframefortheassignedpriorityortherequireddeliverydate.
DueInStatusFile.AdueinstatusfileismaintainedunderthemanualPLL
system.Thefilecontains
Statuscardswithinformationintheformofstatuscodesaboutdue
inmaterial.
Duplicate/carboncopiesofrequests.
Whenstatusisreceived,DAForm2064documentRegisterforSupplyActions)
ispostedwiththestatusanddateofstatus.Thestatuscardsarefiledby
documentnumbersequence.
Statuscardsaredestroyed.
Onreceiptofthetotalquantityofdueinmaterial.
Oncancellation,verification,orrejection.
FollowupProcedures. Followupactionsaresometimesneededtodetermine
thestatusofanunfilledrequest.
124
1. FollowupactionsforPD01throughPD08requestsmustbeinitiated,
ifnostatushasbeenreceivedaccordingtothepolicyestablishedforthe
PD concerned. If status has been received, followup actions must be
initiatedwhentheexpecteddeliverydateonthelateststatuscardhasbeen
exceeded.
2. FollowupactionsforPD09throughPD15aretakenatthetimeofthe
monthlyreconciliationofdueins,ifnostatushasbeenreceived.Follow
upactionsarerecordedonthedocumentregisterandthecardisforwarded
totheSSA.Whenstatusisreceived,thedocumentregisterisposted.The
statuscardsarefiledinthedueinstatusfileinfrontofalltheother
cardsforthesamesupplyrequests.
CANCELLATIONACTIONS
When all orpartofaquantityorderedisnolongerneeded,theunit may

requestcancellation.DetailedcancellationproceduresareinDAPan7102
1. ArequestforcancellationisnotcompleteuntiltheSSAverifiesthat
therequestiscancelled.Uponreceiptofcancellationstatus,thedocument
registerisannotatedwiththecancellation.
TURNINPROCEDURES
Itemsareturnedinwhentheyare
Excesstoauthorizedallowances.
Notneededandtheauthorizationisnotmandatory.
Unserviceableornoteconomicallyrepairable.
Foundonpost.
NOTE: Fordetailedturninprocedures,refertoDAPam71021.
Where PropertyIsTurnedIn. ItemsarealwaysturnedintotheSSA that

normally issues the items. The SSA evaluates the property's condition,
accounting requirements code (ARC), recoverability code (RC), and may
approve direct turnin to the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office
(DRMO).ItemsarenotturnedindirectlytotheDRMOwithoutSSAapproval.
125
FormsUsedforTurnIn. Listedherearetheformsusedforturnins,with
descriptionsofthetypeofpropertyturnedinwitheachform.Noformis
used toturninitems"FoundonInstallation'orexcess,serviceableSSSC
items.
1. The DD Form 13481 (DOD Single Line Item Release/Receipt Document),

showninFigure37,isusedwhenitemsreviewedbythesupportingSSAhave
beenapprovedfordirectturnintotheDRMO.Theitemsonthisformhave
no value except for their basiccontent(scrap). Thisformisalso used
when items are disposable at the organization level and the items do not
requireturnincredit.
FIGURE37.DDFORM13481(DODSINGLELINEITEM
RELEASE/RECEIPTDOCUMENT)
2.TheDAForm27651(RequestforIssueorTurnIn)showninFigure34is
usedforallotherpropertynotlistedabove.
3. TheDAForm581(RequestofIssueandTurnInofAmmunition),shownin
Figure 38, is prepared in sufficientcopiestomeetlocalneeds. The DD
Form13481(Figure39)andtheDAForm27651(Figure40)onpageL28are
designedascarbonsetsandnoadditionalcopiesshouldberequired.
126
FIGURE38.DAFORM581(REQUESTFORISSUEANDTURNINOFAMMUNITION)
127
FIGURE39.DDFORM13481USEDASSHIPPINGDOCUMENT
FIGURE40.DAFORM27651USEDASINITIALSUPPLYSTATUSCARD
128
TurnInofPropertyBookItems. Propertybookitemsmustbeeitherexcess
orunserviceablenotrepairablebysupportmaintenance,beforetheycanbe
turnedin.Donotuseareturnadvicecode.Iftheitemisexcessandhas
a technical publication, enter thewords"TurnInExcessSuspended." The
SSAwillperformatechnicalinspectionaftertheitemisturnedin.Ifthe
itemisexcessbutdoesnothaveatechnicalpublicationandworks,enter
thewords"TurnInExcessServiceable."
Ifitdoesnotwork,enterthewords"TurnInExcessUnserviceable."Ifthe
itemisnotexcess,enterthewords"TurnInReplacementUnserviceable."If
theitemisalsounserviceable,enteranexplanation,suchas"T"forfair
wearandtear.Usethesamedocumentnumberthatwasassignedtotheitem.
Makesurethefollowingdocumentsaccompanytheturnin:
1. TwocopiesofDAForm2062(HandReceipt/AnnexNumber)signedbythe
commanderorPBO,onecopyofwhichisforsuspense. Thesuspensecopyis
destroyedwhenfinalcreditisreceived.
2. The number 4 (blue) copy of the DA Form 2407 (Maintenance Request)

classifyingtheitemasunserviceable,whenareplacementisrequired.
3. Two copies of DA Form 4615 (Vehicle Classification Inspection) are

required if the items are in Federal supply group (FSG) 23, FSG 24, and
replacementisrequired.
TurnIn of Expendable and Durable Supplies. Serviceable expendable and

durable supplies must be turned in to the SSA, when they are excess.
Unserviceable expendable and durable supplies with RCs A, D, F, H, and L
mustalsobeturnedintotheSSA.
TurnIn of "Found on Installation Property." All "found on installation

property"isrequiredtobeturnedintoastockrecordaccountableofficer.
Whenknown,"foundoninstallationproperty"isturnedintotheSSAthat
wouldsupplytheitem.Ifnotknown,itcanbeturnedintoanySSA.
TurnInofInventoryTemporarilyInUse(ITIU).TheITIUitemsareownedby
the SSA that issued the items. They remain on the SSA's accountable
records. TheITIUitemsmustalwaysbeturnedintotheSSAthat issued
them.
129
TurnIn of Returnable Containers. There are two types of returnable

containers:vendorownedandgovernmentownedcontainers.
Vendorowned containers are assigned local management control

numbersbytheSSAbeforeissuetotheunit. Priortoturninginvendor
ownedcontainers,anewdocumentnumbermustbeassigned.
GovernmentownedcontainersarecontainerswithNSNs,suchasdrums
orcylinders,andarenotassigneddocumentnumbers.Usethesamedocument
numberonwhichthecontainerwasreceivedfromtheSSA.
Return of Discrepant Shipments. There are two types of discrepant

shipments:itemsthatwerenotrequestedanditemswithhiddendefects.
Turninitemsnotrequestedbyusing.DAForm27651.Donotassignanew
documentnumber.Usethesameoneonwhichtheitemwasreceivedfromthe
SSA. Do not enter the turnin on the document register. Enter return
advicecode1TinBlock22.
TurninitemshavinghiddendefectsusingDAForm27651. Donotassigna
newdocumentnumber.Usethesameoneonwhichtheitemwasreceivedfrom
theSSA.Donotentertheturninonthedocumentregister.Enterreturn
advicecode7UinBlock22.
Forpropertybookitems,checkthepropertybooktoseeifthedocumentwas
posted as an increase to the balance. If it was, post the turnin as a
decrease.Ifitwasnot,filethedocumentinthesupportingdocumentfile
alongwiththeoriginaldocument,afterposting.
Forotherthanpropertybookitems,destroytheturnindocument.
Return of Property Issued to Support DAApproved Emergency Requirements.

PropertyissuedtosupportDAapprovedemergencyrequirementswillbeturned
inwhentheemergencyisover.Thisincludespropertyrentedorleased.
Donotassignanewdocumentnumber.Usethesameoneonwhichtheitemwas
received from the SSA. Do not enter on the turnin document register.
Enterreturnadvicecode7PinBlock22.Oncompletionoftheturnin,file
thedocumentinthegeneraladministrativelogisticsfile.
130
For property book items, after receiptbytheSSA,posttheturnin as a

decreasetothepropertybookbalance.Completethedocumentregister,then
fileitinthesupportingdocumentfiles.Destroyotherturnindocuments.
ReturnofItemstotheSSSC.TheSSSCitemsthatarenolongerrequiredare
returned when they are in the same condition or the same unit pack as
purchased.
No paperwork is required when returning SSSC items. Simply return the

items.Creditwillbegiventotheunit.
Iftheitemsdonotmeettheabovecriteria,usetheprocedureforturnin
ofexpendableanddurablesuppliestoturnthemin.
131
LearningEvent3
INVENTORIES,TOOLROOMCONTROL,HANDRECEIPTS
This learning event describes how supply room supervisors train their
subordinatesininventoryprocedures,toolroomcontrol,andaccountingfor
propertythroughhandreceipting. Alsocoveredinthislearningeventare
theregulationsgoverningproceduresintheseareas,theformsused,andthe
assignmentofresponsibilities.
INVENTORIES
Persons receiving inventories must observe the following procedures to

ensureaccuracyofrecords:
1. Makesureitemsarefortheunit.
2. Makesureitemsmatchdescriptiononreceipt.
3. Countallitems.Makesurequantityagreeswithquantityrecordedon
document.
4. Checkenditemsforcompleteness.
5. Checkserialnumbersifitemshavethem.Makesuretheymatchreceipt
documents.
6. Visuallycheckconditionofitemsfordamage.
7. Signreceiptdocument.
Whenthepropertyistobeissuedonhandorsubhandreceipts,thereceiving
personmustalsotakethefollowingactions:
1. Make sure items and their description on hand or subhand receipts

match.
2. Makesurequantitiesmatchandenditemsarecomplete.
3. Verifyserialnumberswithreceipts.
4. Signhandorsubhandreceipts.
The clerk must record all discrepancies and report them to the proper
authority.Theclerkmustmakesureallerrorsarecorrectedbeforesigning
thehandorsubhandreceipts,or,ifserviceabilityisquestionable,hemust
informthe
132
PBO, who will resolve the matter. The AR 73511 contains the procedures
used to account for lost, damaged, or destroyed tools stored in the
toolroom.
In addition to the receipt and issue of property inventories, other

inventoriesareusedtoaccountforproperty.
1. Change of responsible officerinventoriesaretakenwhentheofficer

is replaced. This inventory is jointly conducted by the incoming and
outgoingofficers.Alltheunitpropertyisinventoriedatthattime.
2. Annualinventoriesareconductedbytheresponsibleofficer. Thisis
a 100percent physical inventory of all unit property. The date of the
inventoryisbasedeitheronthedateoflastchangeofresponsibleofficer
ortheannualinventory,whicheverisLater.Acyclicinventorymaybeused
inlieuoftheannualinventory.
3. Cyclic inventories are conductedbytheresponsibleofficer,inlieu

ofannualinventories,whentheofficerelectstodosoorwhentheproperty
bookiskeptatotherthanunitlevelandthePBOrequiresit.
4. Change of PBO inventory is taken when the PBO is changed. The

inventoriesareconductedjointlybytheoutgoingandincomingPBOs.
5. Annualpropertybookinventoriesarerequiredwhenpropertybooksare
kept at other than the using unit level. The PBO conducts these
inventories.
TOOLROOMCONTROL
Maintenanceoperationsrequiremanytoolsandequipment. Sometools,such
as the general mechanics' tool kit, are usually issued to the mechanic.
Other specialized tools and test equipment are made available on an as
required basis. Initial issue andreplacementtoolsareobtainedthrough
theunitsupply.
Whenassumingcommandoftheunit,commandersalsoassumeresponsibilityfor
unitproperty.Theymayusehandreceiptstofurtherassignresponsibility
tospecificindividuals. Whenanitemhasnotbeenfurtherassignedbya
handreceipt,thecommanderisresponsible.
133
Tools are usually components of a larger set, kit, or outfit (SKO).

Responsibilityisassignedusingahandreceiptorhandreceiptannexwhich
listsexistingshortages. AllcomponentswhichmakeuptheSKOarelisted
onthehandreceipt.Theresponsiblepersonsignsforalltheitemslisted
onthereceipt.WhenmorethanoneSKOismaintainedinthetoolroom,the
toolsamongtheSKOshouldnotbemixed.
Formal inventory requirements are outlined in DA Pan 71021. Local

commandersusuallyestablishanincreasedinventoryrequirement.Toolsare
normallyinventoried
Every 30 days when the tools have been issued to the using
individual.
Uponchangeofhandreceiptholder.
Uponchangeofresponsibleofficer.
Underspecialcircumstancesasdirectedbythecommander:
Priortoandfollowingmajorfieldexercises.
Upondiscoveryofforcedorunlawfulentry.
Upondiscoveryofopenorunattendedstoragearea.
Upondestructiveorillegalactionbyresponsibleindividuals.
Silhouettelayoutmatsareavailabletoassistintheinventoryofgeneral
mechanics'toolkits.Thetoolsareplacedonthecorrespondingsilhouette
onthemat. Shortagesarereadilyapparent. Alayoutmaybeorderedfor
eachtoolkit.
Toolcontrolinanorganizationalmaintenanceelementusuallycentersaround
control of general mechanics' tool kits, the tools and equipment in the
organizational shop equipment sets, and the physical construction and
operationofthetoolroomitself.
Tool kits are usually hand receipted to the users, kept locked by the
mechanics,andstoredinthetoolroom.Atthebeginningoftheworkperiod,
the toolroom attendant issues the locked tool kits to the mechanics, who
returnthelockedtoolkitswhenfinished. Theusersareresponsiblefor
the
134
contents, while the toolroom attendantisresponsibleforthelocked tool

kit. Eachtoolkitisidentifiedbyacontrolnumberandisreceiptedfor
bytheusersinamannersimilartoothertoolsissuedbythetoolroom.A
storage rack is normally provided for storage of the tool kits. For
additional security, at the end of the work period a chain may be run
throughthetoolkithandlesandsecuredtosomeobject.
Equipment,sets,andspecialtoolsaremadeavailabletomechanicsonanas
requiredbasis:
Thesmalltoolscontainedinshopequipmentsetsmaybestoredin
cabinets or other containers. A locator system allows the toolroom
attendanttofindtheneededtools.IfmorethanonetoolhasthesameNSN,
aseparatecardshouldbepreparedforeachtool.
Frequentlyusedlargertoolsmaybedisplayedonalocallyproduced
shadow board. This shadow board makes it easier to identify, issue, and
controlfrequentlyusedtools.
When space is limited, prime storage space should be given to

frequently used items. Less frequently used items can be stored in less
convenientlocations.
Thecommandershouldprescribepolicyforstorageandissueofbolt
cutters.
Thetoolroomshouldprovidebothsecurityforthetoolsandconveniencefor
the mechanics by limiting access to unauthorized personnel. Field
expedientsandlimitedaccessshouldbeusedtoprovidestorageandsecurity
inthefield.TheunitMTOEmaypermituseofashopvanoracargovehicle
tosupportfieldoperations.
Theunitmotorsergeantisusuallyinchargeoftoolroomoperations:
Aprimaryandalternatetoolroomattendantshouldbeappointed.
The toolroom attendant checks the condition of tools before issue

andafterreturn.Toolsshouldbecleanedbytheuserbeforereturn. The
attendant is responsible for cleaning dirty tools found in the toolroom.
Toolsshouldbereturnedtotheirstoragelocationimmediatelyuponreturn
andacceptance.Theattendantchecksfortoolsnotreturnedbyclosingtime
andnotifiesthemotorsergeant.
135
Atoolsignoutregisterprovidestheeasiestcontrol.Theattendantprints
the name andgradeofthe individual,thetypeoftool,andthedate and
timeinandout. Theindividualdrawingthetoolthensignstheregister.
A tool check system for tools on the shadow board may speed service and
stillprovidecontrol. Withthissystem,eachmechanicisissuedanumber
ofmetaltagsstampedwithanumbercorrespondingtothetoolkit.Whenthe
mechanic needs a tool from the shadow board, the tag is given to the
attendant.Theattendantremovesthedesiredtool,issuesit,andhangsthe
metal tag in its place. The same care must be used with this system to
safeguardthetoolchecksaswiththeactualtools.
HANDRECEIPTS
Hand receipts are required whenever property book or durable items are
issued. The hand receipt lists the property that has been issued. The
signatureofapersononahandreceiptestablishesdirectresponsibility.
Prepareseparatehandreceiptsforinstallationandorganizationproperty.
Forms.Thefollowingformsareusedforhandorsubhandreceipts:
1. UseDAForm2062(Figure41)torecordtheissueofpropertybookand
durableitems. Preparetheformintwocopies. TheDAForm2062maybe
overprinted. The person who prepares the form mast keep all copies of
hand/subhandreceiptscurrent.
a. HandreceiptsarepreparedbythePBO.Theoriginaliskeptbythe
PBO.Copy2isprovidedtothehandreceiptholder.
b. Subhandreceiptsarepreparedandissuedbythehandreceiptholder.
The originaliskeptbythe handreceiptholder. Copy2isgivento the
subhandreceipt holder. There is no restriction on the number of times
property can be subhead receipted, but under normal circumstances this
shouldnotexceedfromcommandertosupervisortouser.Figure41showsDA
Form2062preparedasahandorsubheadreceipt.
2. Use DA Form 3161 (Figure 42) on page 138 for issue and turnin
transactionsbetweenthePBOandthehandreceiptholder.Theformisalso
used for issue and turnin transactions between the handreceipt and
subhandreceiptholders. Preparetheformintwocopies. Theoriginalis
keptbythepersonwhoissuesorturnsintheitem.The
136
FIGURE41.DAFORM2062(HANDRECEIPT/ANNEXNUMBER)
PREPAREDASHANDORSUBHANDRECEIPT
137
FIGURE42.DAFORM3161(REQUESTFORISSUEOR
TURNIN)PREPAREDASCHANGEDOCUMENT
138
person receiving the property keeps the second copy and files copies of
changedocumentswiththeproperhandorsubhandreceipt.TheDDForm1150
maybeusedinlieuofDAForm3161asachangedocument(Figure43).
3. The DA Form 2402 (Exchange Tag) and the DA Form 2407 (Maintenance
Request)maybeusedtodocumentitemsturnedinforrepairbetweenthePBO
and the handreceipt holder. When DA Form 2402 is used, the PBO or
authorized representativemustsignanddatethereversesideofeachtag
used.TheDAPam738750givesinstructionsforpreparingtheseforms.See
Figure44onpage140andFigure45onpage141forexamplesoftheseforms
usedtoturninitemsforrepair.
FIGURE43.DDFORM1150(REQUESTFORISSUEOR
TURNIN)PREPAREDASCHANGEDOCUMENT
139
FIGURE44.DAFORM2402(EXCHANGETAG)USEDFORREPAIRREQUEST
140
FIGURE45.DAFORM2407(MAINTENANCEREQUEST)
USEDFORREPAIRREQUEST
141
Temporary HandReceipt Procedures. Whenpropertyisissuedorloaned for

periodsofupto30calendardays,thefollowingproceduresmaybeused:
1. Prepare DA Form 3161 in two copies (Figure 46) as a temporary hand

receipt.Thepersonissuingtheitemskeepstheoriginalcopy.Theperson
receivingtheitemskeepsthesecondcopy.TheDDForm1150maybeusedin
lieuofDAForm3161asatemporaryhandreceipt.
2. Prepare a folder for filing temporary hand receipts. File the

originalcopiesindatesequence.
3. Destroy both copies of temporary hand receipts when the property is

returned.
4. Reviewthetemporaryhandreceiptfiledailytofindifanyaredueto
expire shortly. Five days prior to expiration of the temporary hand
receipt,takethefollowingactions:
a. Notify the hand receipt holder and arrange for return of the
propertynotlaterthantheexpirationdate.Destroyallcopiesofthehand
receiptwhenthepropertyisreturned.
b. If the user still needstheproperty,issueitusinghandreceipt

procedures.
5. Preparealogbook,alocallydesignatedform,oracardfileto be
issuedforonedayorless. Minimumentriesforlocallydesignedformsor
logbooksareNSN,nounnomenclatureoftool,andsignatureofindividual.
142
FIGURE46.DAFORM3161PREPAREDASTEMPORARYHANDRECEIPT
143
LearningEvent4
ACCOUNTABILITYANDRESPONSIBILITY,HANDLINGOFDAMAGEDPROPERTY,REPORTOF
SURVEY
This learning event covers policies and procedures for accounting for US
Army property. It defines accountability and responsibility, handling of
damagedproperty,andreportsofsurvey.
ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountabilityistheobligationofapersontokeepanaccuraterecordof
property, documents, or funds. It is imposed by law, lawful order, or
regulation.Itisconcernedprimarilywithmaintainingformalrecordsthat
containitemidentificationdata,quantities,values,balances,andproperty
transactions.
RESPONSIBILITY
Responsibility results from the possession of property or the command or

supervisionofotherswhohavepossessionofproperty.Itinvolvesabasic
obligationforthepropercustody,care,use,andsafekeepingofgovernment
property. Anypersonmayincurresponsibilityforthecareandcustodyof
property, even if the person has not signed a receipt for it.
Responsibilityisbasedonpossessionofthepropertyorthescopeofthe
individual'semploymentorduty. Theassignmenttodutymaybebywritten
ororalordersofasuperior. Examplesofresponsibilityincurredinthis
way are command responsibility, supervisory responsibility, direct
responsibility,andpersonalresponsibility.
CommandResponsibility.Thisistheobligationofacommandertoensurethe
propercare,custody,andsafekeepingofallgovernmentpropertywithinhis
orhercommand.Itisthespecialrelationshipbetweenacommanderandthe
propertywithinhisorhercommand.Itisinherentincommandandcannotbe
delegated.Itisevidencedbyassignmenttoacommandpositionatanylevel
andincludes
Ensuringthesecurityofallpropertyofthecommand,whetherinuse
orinstorage.
Observingsubordinatestoensurethattheiractivitiescontributeto
the propercustody,care,use,andsafekeepingofallpropertywithinthe
command.
144
Enforcingallsecurity,safety,andaccountingrequirements.
Takingadministrativeordisciplinarymeasureswhennecessary.
SupervisoryResponsibility.Thisistheobligationofapersonforthecare
and safekeeping of government property issued to or used by the person's
subordinates. It is inherent in all supervisory positions and is not
contingent upon signed receipts or responsibility statements. It is the
relationship between a person and the property in the possession of the
personnel under that person's direct supervision. It arises because of
assignmenttoaspecificpositionandincludes
Providingproperguidanceanddirection
Enforcingallsecurity,safety,andaccountingrequirements.
Maintaining the proper physical and psychological environment for

thepropercareanduseofgovernmentproperty.
Direct Responsibility. This is the relationship between a responsible

officerandthepropertyforwhichtheofficerhasbeenformallytaskedto
provide care and custody. It is inherent in each property account.
However, it may be delegated by the accountable officer through formal
written designation or issue of property on a hand receipt. Direct
responsibilityresultsfromassignmentasanaccountableofficer,receiptof
formalwrittendelegation,oracceptanceofthepropertyonahandreceipt
fromanaccountableofficer.Itincludestakingallreasonableandprudent
actions toensurethespecifiedpropertyisproperlyused,caredfor,and
safeguarded.
Directresponsibilityisaformalassignmentofpropertyresponsibilitytoa
person withinthesupplychainwhohasthepropertywithintheircustody,
but not necessarily in their possession or for their use. Accountable
officersalwayshavedirectresponsibilityunlessithasbeenspecifically
assigned to another person. Accountable officers may delegate such
responsibilitybywrittendesignationorbyissueofthepropertyonahand
receipt.
PersonalResponsibility.Thisistherelationshipbetweenapersonandthe
property in their physical possession. It applies to all government
propertyissuedfor,acquiredfor,
145
misappropriated,orconvertedtotheperson'sexclusiveuse,withorwithout
receipt.Itincludestakingallreasonableandprudentactionstoproperly
use, care for, and safeguard property. Personal responsibility always
accompaniesthephysicalpossessionofproperty.
Commandresponsibilityandsupervisoryresponsibilitydependonthelocation
ofthepropertywithinthechainofcommand.Thisresponsibilityisapart
ofajoborpositionandisincurredbyassumingthatcommandorsupervisory
position.Itcanbedelegated.
ResponsibleOfficer.Aresponsibleofficerisapersonwhohasbeentasked
by formal assignment or designation with the direct responsibility for
specificallyidentifiedgovernmentproperty. Theresponsibleofficerwill
be designated in writing, and will be directly responsible for the care,
use, and safekeeping of the property specifically entrusted to their
custody.Designationasanaccountableofficercarrieswithitdesignation
as a responsible officer unless some other person has been specifically
designated as the responsible officer by regulation or other competent
authority. Direct responsibility imposed through designation as an
accountableofficermaybedelegated. Suchdelegationcanonlybemadeby
theaccountableofficerandmustbeinwriting. Nofurtherdelegationis
authorized.
Property issued by an accountable officer on a hand receipt (called the

primary hand receipt) carries with it the delegation of the direct
responsibilityanddesignatestherecipientastheresponsibleofficerfor
thelistedproperty.Furtherhandreceipting(subhandreceipting)doesnot
transfer direct responsibility nor relieve the primary handreceipt
signatoryoftheirdutiesastheresponsibleofficer.
AnyemployeeoftheUSArmy,civilianormilitary,maybedesignatedasa
responsibleofficer.
Responsibilities by Rank in Battalion. Eachpersonwithinthebattalion,

fromthecommandertotheindividualmechanic,hasspecificresponsibilities
withintheorganizationforcontrolanduseoftools.Fortheorganization
toworksmoothly,eachpersonmustmeettheirresponsibilities.
The commander sets unit tool control policy, establishes a toolroom with
adequatesecurityforunittools,andassignsresponsibilitybyuseofhand
receipts.Individualuse
146
items, such as general mechanics' tool kits, are hand receipted to user.
Thecommanderisalsoresponsibleforalltoolsnotfurtherhandreceipted,
for enforcementofsupplydisciplineaccordingtoAR7355,AR73511,AR
7102,andDAPam71021,andforconductingcommandinspections.
The unit supply sergeant's responsibilities include ensuring that all

authorizedtoolsareonhandoronrequisition,turninginexcesstoolsand
conducting inventories, and informing the commander of the results. The
supply sergeant also takes action to account for tools lost, damaged, or
destroyed throughotherthanwearandtearbeforeissuingorrequestinga
replacement.
TheBMOprovidesoverallmanagementforthebattaliontoolcontrolprogram.
TheBMO'sresponsibilitiesalsoincludeenforcingthecommander'spolicies
andimplementingdirectives.
Battalion motor sergeants manage the battalion headquarters tool control

program, act as handreceipt holders for tools issued to tool room, and
appointprimaryandalternatetoolroomattendants. Theirresponsibilities
includesupervisinglayoutandoperationofthetoolroom,conductingdaily
inspections,determiningstatusoftoolsnotreturnedbyclosingtime,and
supervisinginventories.Theyalsoinitiateappropriateadjustmentdocument
actionforlost,damaged,ordestroyedtools.
Toolroom attendants follow procedures outlined by the battalion motor

sergeant. Theseproceduresincludeaccountingforalltoolsissuedtothe
toolrooms, checking the conditionoftoolsbeforeissueandafterreturn,
and putting tools in proper place after return. They also clean and
maintaintoolsinthetoolroomandreporttomotorsergeantalltoolsnot
returnedbyclosingtime.
Theindividualmechanicsignshandreceiptsforthegeneralmechanics'tool
kitandotherindividualuseitemsasdirectedbythecommander,keepsthe
toolkitsecuredwithlockwhennotinuse,storesthelockedtoolkitin
thetoolroom,andconductsinventoriesasrequired.
Relationship Between Accountability and Responsibility. Accountability

pertainstomaintainingformallyprescribedpropertyrecordsforaproperty
or sales account. It is an obligation officially assigned to a specific
person and may not be delegated. Responsibility pertains to the care,
custody,andsafekeepingofgovernmentproperty.The
147
specifictypeofresponsibilitydependsontherelationshipofthepersonto
theproperty.Accountabilityandthefourtypesofresponsibilitydescribed
aboveareseparateobligationsandtheyareincurredforseparatereasons.
Accountability and each of the types of responsibility carry specific

duties. Monetaryliabilitycanbeassessedagainstanypersonwhofails,
through negligence or misconduct, to perform those duties and where such
failure is the direct or proximate cause of a loss to the United States
government.
HANDLINGOFDAMAGEDPROPERTY
Qualified technical inspectors, propertyclassificationofficers,or other

designatedofficersorpersonsmayclassifypropertyphysicallyonhandas
unserviceable.Fromitsgeneralconditionandappearance,thepropertymay
beclassifiedasunserviceablethroughfairwearandtear(FWT).
Damaged property (regardless of Federal supply classification) may be

determined unserviceable by technical inspection or may be classified as
unserviceablethroughotherthanFWT.Ifso,thecommanderresponsiblefor
the property will investigate the circumstances. Upon completion of the
commander'sinvestigation,oneofthefollowingactionswillbetaken:
1. Ifnegligenceormisconductisnotinvolved,thecommanderwillattach
astatementtothemaintenancerequestorturnindocumentstating,"Ihave
reviewedthecircumstancessurroundingthedamagetotheaboveitem(s)and
findnoevidenceofnegligenceormisconduct."Thecommanderwillsignthe
statement.
a. The appointing authority will review this statement and concur or

nonconcur. If the appointing authority concurs, he or she will enter
"Concur" on the statement and sign it. If the appointing authority
nonconcurs,heorshewillenter"Nonconcurinitiateareportofsurvey"on
thestatementandsignit.
b. Thecommandermustrequestfromthemaintenanceactivitytheactual
costofdamageonlywhenareportofsurveyisinitiated.Thecommanderof
the maintenance support activity will consolidate cost data through the
appointing authority to the approving authority as requested by the
approvingauthority.
148
c. For the ARNG, state Adjutant Generals (AG) may authorize the
reporting of repair costs using the property accountability management
information system (PAMIS) reporting procedures per National Guard Bureau
Memorandum(NGBM)7001,Chapter18.
2. Ifliabilityisadmittedandtheextentofdamagedoesnotexceedthe
responsible person's monthly basicpay,prepareDDForm362(Statement of
ChargesforGovernmentPropertyLost,DamagedorDestroyed)orDDForm1131
(CashCollectionVoucher).SeeFigures47and48onpages150and151.
3. Ifliabilityisadmittedandtheextentofdamageexceedstheperson's
monthlybasicpay,initiateareportofsurvey.
4. Ifnegligenceormisconductisinvolvedandliabilityisnotadmitted,
initiateareportofsurvey(discussedinthenextparagraph).
a. Innocasewillseparatereportsofsurveybepreparedforthesame
incident unless the damaged property is recorded on separate property
accounts.
b. When the report of survey is approved or when the property is

releasedbythesurveyofficer,attachacopyofthereportofsurveyorthe
surveyofficer'sreleasestatementtothemaintenancerequest.Iftheitem
is not economically repairable, attach a copy of the approved report of
survey, or the survey officer's release statement, and a copy of the
maintenancerequestclassifyingtheitemtotheturnindocument. Damaged
property for which negligence or misconduct is suspected will not be
repaired or disposed of, or continued in use, until the survey officer
preparesareleasestatement.
REPORTOFSURVEY
The restofthislearningeventoutlinestheproceduresforprocessingDA
Form4697(DepartmentoftheArmyReportofSurvey)and/orconductinganAR
156investigation.Liabilityfordamagetoproperty,whetherbynegligence
or misconduct, is resolved by the report of survey. This section gives
general guidance to those persons who are initiating reports or
investigations,whennegligenceormisconductissuspectedandliabilityis
notadmitted.
149
FIGURE47.DDFORM362(STATEMENTOFCHARGESFOR
GOVERNMENTPROPERTYLOST,DAMAGEDORDESTROYED)
150
FIGURE48.DDFORM1131(CASHCOLLECTIONVOUCHER)
151
SurveyRequirements.AreportofsurveyoranAR156investigationwillbe
preparedwhen
Sensitiveitemsarelostordestroyed.
DirectedbyhigherauthorityorDAdirectives.
Property loss is discovered as a result of change of accountable

officer'sinventory,unlessvoluntaryreimbursementismade.
Thevalueofthedamages/shortagesexceedstheresponsibleperson's
monthlypay.
Apersonrefusestoadmitliabilityanddoesnotofferpaymentfor
thevalueoftheproperty.
A person admits liability and the loss, damage, or destruction

exceedstheperson'smonthlybasicpay.
The total handling loss of a specific bulk petroleum product is

abovetheallowablelossforthatproductandthedollarvalueisgreater
than$250.00.
ProcessingTimes.Reportsofsurveywillbeinitiatedandpresentedtothe
appointing authority not later than the fifteenth calendar day after the
datethediscrepancyisdiscovered. Theappointingauthoritywillprocess
andpresentittotheapprovingauthoritynotlaterthan55calendardays
after discovery. The appointing officer/authority should complete his
responsibilitywithin40calendardays.Whenaninvestigatorisappointed,
he is given 30 days to conduct the investigation. When the approving
authority receives the investigation report, he has 20 calendar days,
includinganylegalreview,toprocessit. Thetotalprocessingtimewill
benolongerthan75calendardays.
Statement of Charges. Immediately upon determining that responsibility

shouldbeplacedonspecificindividuals,thesurveyingofficerwillinform
theappropriatecommandersothatastatementmaybemadeontheappropriate
clearance form that a report of survey is being processed against
individuals.
Thesurveyingofficermustbefreefrombiasorprejudiceandmustnotbegin
an investigation with predetermined ideas. The surveying officer should
determinetheactualfacts,notastheywerereportedbutastheyexist,and
shouldmakeanintelligent,concisestatementofhis
152
findings of loss or damage occurred and whether fault or neglect is

involved. In instances where fault cannot be established, the surveying
officer will recommend that all individuals be relieved of liability for
property.
Afterhisfindingsarerecorded,thesurveyingofficermakesrecommendations
basedonpoliciessetforthinregulationsandplacesresponsibilityonsome
individuals,whileabsolvingothers.Thesurveyingofficerensuresthatthe
totalcostisproperlycomputedandcoversloss,damage,ordestructionof
the property being investigated. The surveying officer's findings will
include a decision on monetary liability. Items classified as not
economically repairable will be turned in. The surveying officer will
recommenddispositionofpropertyinhisreport.
Based on the facts developed by the investigation, the surveying officer

willmakerecommendationson,butnotlimitedto,thefollowing:
Monetaryliability.
Relieffromresponsibilityandaccountability.
Dispositionofanyunserviceableproperty.
Oncetheinvestigationiscompleted,thesurveyingofficerwillreturnall
copiesofthereport,alongwithallexhibits,totheappointingauthority.
Theappointingauthorityreviewsthereportforcorrectnessandforwardsit
totheapprovingauthority.Theapprovingauthoritywillreviewallreports
ofsurveyarisingattheactivityexceptthoselistingpropertyforwhichhe
is responsible or accountable. The approving authority will review the
reportspersonally;thisauthoritywillnotbedelegated.
Ifthereisnoevidenceofnegligenceorwillfulmisconduct,theapproving
authoritymustdecidewhethertheevidencesubmittedsupportsthedecision.
Afterreviewingthereportandsupportingevidence,theapprovingauthority
mayselectoneofthefollowingcoursesofaction:
Rejectthereportanddirectthataninvestigationbemade.Inthis
case,thereportwillbereturnedtoappointingauthorityforappointmentof
aninvestigatingofficer.
153
Reject the report and requestmoredata. Theapprovingauthority

willspecifythedatarequired.
Approvethereportandcompletetheappropriateforms.
If there is evidence of negligence or willful misconduct, the approving

authoritywilldecidewhether
1. Correctprocedureswerefollowed.
2. An adequate and unbiased investigation has been made by surveying

officers.
3. The recommendations of the surveying officer and the appointing

authorityindicateadecisionbasedonthefindings.
Where monetary liability is recommended, a judge advocate or civilian

attorney will review the findings and give opinions as to adequacy of
evidenceandproprietyoffindings,beforetheapprovingauthority'saction
onthecase.
Whenthemonetarychargesareassessed,theapprovingauthoritywillforward
thereporttothefinanceandaccountingofficer(FAO),notlaterthanthe
seconddutydayafterthedatetheapprovingauthoritysignsthedocument.
Thefinalactiononreportsofsurveyestablishesindebtednessofpersonsby
administrativeprocedure.Thepersonchargedmayappealthedecision.
154
LESSON4
REVIEWEXERCISE

completedtheexercise,turntothesolutionsattheendofthelessonand
restudythesectionofthelessonwheretheinformationisgiven.
1. Whenever property book or durable items are issued, ______________

is/arerequired.
A. Twosignatures
B. Handreceipts
C. Thedutyofficer'ssignature
D. Thesupplysergeant'ssignature
2. Property issued or loaned for periods up to 30 calendar days

____________.
A. Doesnotneedtobehandreceipted
B. Usesthesameprocedureasotherissues
C. CanbetemporarilyhandreceiptedonDAForm3161
D. CanbetemporarilyhandreceiptedonDAForm2402
3. A log book, a locally designed form, or a card file may be used

__________.
A. Tosignforitemsnotissuedtoindividuals
B. Tosignfortoolsets,kits,oroutfits
C. Whenthetoolroomkeeperdecides
D. Whentoolsareissuedforonedayorless
155
4. When more than one set, kit, or outfit (SKO) is maintained in the
toolroom,toolsamongtheSKOs____________.
A. Shouldnotbemixed
B. Canbemixedfreely
C. Areinterchangeable
D. Areissuedseparately
5. Toaccountforlost,damaged,ordestroyedtoolsstoredinorissued
tothetoolroom,use________.
A. AR73511
B. DAForm2062
C. DDForm1150
D. NGBM7001
6. Locally designed forms or log books must have minimum entries when
issuingtools.Threeofthoseentriesare___________.
A. Initialsoftoolroomcustodian,NSN,andtoolsserialnumber
B. NSN,nounnomenclatureofthetool,andsignatureofindividual
C. Dateofissue,quantityofissue,andcoloroftool
D. NSN,serialnumberoftool,anddateofissue
156
7. Fromitsgeneralconditionandappearance,propertyphysicallyonhand
maybeclassifiedasunserviceableby____________.
A. Toolroomkeeper,useroftool,ordesignatedpersons
B. Supply sergeant, toolroom custodian, or qualified technical

inspectors
C. Qualified technical inspectors or property classification officers

only
D. Qualifiedtechnicalinspectors,propertyclassificationofficers,or
otherdesignatedpersons
8. If property is determined tobeunserviceable(regardlessofFederal

supplyclassification),bytechnicalinspection,orbyotherthanfair
wear and tear (FWT), an investigation will be conducted by the
____________.
A. Surveyofficerforthecommand
B. Supplysergeantandtoolroomcustodian
C. Commanderresponsiblefortheproperty
D. Accountabilityofficeforthecommand
9. Liabilityfordamagetoproperty,whetherbynegligenceormisconduct,
isresolvedbya________.
A. Supplyofficersurvey
B. Technicalinspection
C. Commandinspection
D. Reportofsurvey
10. Subhandreceiptsarepreparedandissuedbythe__________.
A. Handreceiptholder
B. Toolroomcustodian
C. Accountabilityofficer
D. Supplysergeant
157
11. The DD Forms 1150 may be used as a temporary hand receipt or as a

changedocumentinlieuofDAForm_____________.
A. 2062
B. 2402
C. 2407
D. 3161
12. Temporaryhandreceiptsshouldbefiledin________________.
A. Alphabeticalorder
B. Serialnumberorder
C. NSNorder
D. Dateorder.
13. IfmorethanonetoolhasthesameNSN,whenpreparingcardsfortools
intheSKO,prepare____________.
A. OnecardforalltoolswithsameNSN
B. Aseparatecardforeachtool
C. NocardsfortoolswithNSN
D. TwocardsformorethanonetoolwithNSN
14. Accountabilityistheobligationofapersonto____________.
A. Beabletocountitemsaccuratelyduringinventory
B. Keeptrackofthecountduringpropertyinventory
C. Keepanaccuraterecordofproperty,documents,orfunds
D. Beaccountabletothecommanderforlostitems
158
15. Thepossessionofpropertyorthecommandorsupervisionofotherswho
havepossessionofproperty______________.
A. Makesyouresponsiblefortheproperty
B. Requiresthatyoutakecareoftheproperty
C. Makesyoutheaccountabilityofficer
D. Requiresyoutodoamonthlyinventory
16. Theobligationofacommandertoensurethepropercare,custody,and
safekeeping of all government property within their command is a
_____________responsibility.
A. Supervisory
B. Personal
C. Direct
D. Command
17. Directresponsibilityforpropertymaybedelegatedbytheaccountable
officerthrough____________.
A. Directorderofthecompanycommander
B. Ensuringthesecurityofthepropertyinthecommand
C. Takingadministrativeordisciplinarymeasureswhennecessary
D. Formalwrittendesignationorissueofpropertyonahandreceipt
18. Therelationshipbetweenapersonandthepropertyintheirphysical
possessionis____________.
A. Commandresponsibility
B. Personalresponsibility
C. Supervisoryresponsibility
D. Notaresponsibilityunlessdelegated
159
19. The designation of responsible officer can be given to any

____________.
A. CommissionedofficerorhighrankingNCO
B. CivilianemployeeabovethegradeofGS5
C. EmployeeoftheUSArmy,civilianormilitary
D. OfficeroftheUSArmyorunitsupplysergeant
20. Items are always turned into the supply support activity (SSA)
_________.
A. Nearesttothelocation
B. Thatnormallyissuestheitem
C. Thatwillaccepttheitem
D. Thatwillreplacetheitem
21. There are two types of discrepant shipments. These are items
___________.
A. Notrequestedanditemshavinghiddendefects
B. Foundoninstallationandlostoninstallation
C. Inthepropertybookandnotinthepropertybook
D. Forsupportofemergencyrequirementsandrenteditems
22. Selfservice supply center (SSSC) items are turned in when they are
__________.
A. Neededbyanotherunitinthecommand
B. Notexpendableanddurablesupplies
C. NotfoundintheGeneralAdministrativeLogisticsFile
D. Nolongerrequired,andiftheyareinthesameconditionorunit
packaswhenpurchased
160
23. The highest priority designator is UND _______________, which

indicatesinabilitytoperformtheunit'smission.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
24. Thetwodistincttypesofresponsibilityare___________.
A. Personalresponsibilityanddirectresponsibility
B. Commandresponsibilityanddirectresponsibility
C. Personalresponsibilityandcommandresponsibility
D. Commandresponsibilityandnonpersonalresponsibility
25. Astatementofchargescannotbeusedtochargeforloss,damage,or
destruction of government property, when charges against any one
individualexceed___________basepay.
A. Onemonth's
B. Oneweek's
C. Oneyear's
D. Sixmonths'
26. Thequantityofsparepartsauthorizedbeonhandattheuserlevelis
referredtoasthe__________.
A. Selfservicesupplycenter(SSSC)
B. Specificsupplysupportactivity(SSSA)
C. Prioritydesignator(PD)
D. Prescribedloadlist(PLL)
161
27. ThetotalnumberofPLLlinesmaynotexceed______________.
A. 300
B. 200
C. 100
D. 50
28. The priority designator (PD) for all supply requests will be
determinedaccordingto_____________.
A. AR7102
B. AR72550
C. DAPam71021
D. TM38L3211
162
1. B(page136)
2. C(page142)
3. D(page142)
4. A(page134)
5. A(page133)
6. B(page142)
7. D(page148)
8. C(page148)
9. D(page149)
10. A(page136)
11. D(page139)
12. D(page142)
13. B(page135)
14. C(page144)
15. A(page144)
16. D(page144)
17. D(page145)
18. B(page145)
19. C(page146)
20. B(page125)
21. A(page130)
22. D(page131)
23. A(page114)
24. B(page103)
25. A(page149)
26. D(page107)
27. A(page108)
28. B(page115)
163

(Ebook - English) US Army - Engineer Course en 5266 - Construction Equipment - Maintenance Concepts and Operations

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(Ebook - English) US Army - Engineer Course en 5266 - Construction Equipment - Maintenance Concepts and Operations

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SUBCOURSE EDITION

US ARMY ENGINEER SCHOOL

Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used in this

THE PASSING SCORE FOR ALL ACCP MATERIAL IS NOW 70%

PLEASE DISREGARD ALL REFERENCES TO THE 75% REQUIREMENT.

Describe the basic procedures required for supervision of a unitlevel

You will be given information describing the Army Maintenance System,

(This objective supports SM Tasks 0512352490, Perform an Organizational

Describe the procedures for establishing both tactical and garrison

You will be given information describing the correct procedures for

You will be given information describing supply operations which must be

Describe the basic procedures required for supervision of a unitlevel

You will be given information describing the Army Maintenance System,

Unit maintenance is one part of an overall system to provide maintenance

The change to threelevel Maintenance is based on the need to support a

Maintenance at this level is productionlineorientedandisperformed in

In this learning event, the maintenanceresponsibilitiesofeachlevel of

Recommending program changes to the company commander to facilitate

Accounting for the availability and serviceability of platoon

Reporting vehicle and equipment status to the motor officer as

Accounting for everything the platoon does or fails to do in the

Platoon Sergeant. Theplatoonsergeantassiststheplatoonleaderinall

Assisting the platoon leader in the execution of the maintenance

Recommending changes to the platoon leader to facilitate mission

Coordinating platoon maintenance requirements with the unit motor

Maintaining required records and reports pertaining to equipment

Instructing and assisting less skilled personnel in the proper

Assisting motor pool personnel in the correct interpretation and

Planning and organizing work schedules and coordinating equipment

Assigning duties to the unit mechanics and personnel under his

Briefing all incoming officers and noncommissioned officers (NCO) on

Monitoring all aspects of unit maintenance operations to ensure

Planning and organizing work schedules and coordinating equipment

Identifying maintenance operational weaknesses and executing

Directing the unit motor officer to prepare the unit maintenance

Supervising scheduled maintenance services, tests, troubleshooting

Controlling the flow of repair parts requests and assisting in the

Monitoring preventive maintenanceservices,directingqualitycontrol

Battalion Maintenance Officer. The BMO is the battalion commander for

Supervising maintenance services and monitoring the training and

Ensuring that all recurring maintenance reports are consolidated and

Battalion Supply Officer. The battalion supply officer (S4) is very

Monitoring changes in equipment (deletions and additions of basic

Advising the battalion commander on the status of unit supply and

Ensuring that unit supply operations are conducted according to

Identifying maintenance operational weaknesses and executing

Supervising plans and reviewing periodic and special reports to be

Battalion Commander. The battalion commander commands and provides

Rendering advice and assistance in planning the program for unit

Exercising command supervisionovermaintenanceactivitiesthroughout

Monitoring The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS) data

Safety is a command responsibility, and commanders at every level are

All supervisory personnel assist the commander in the unit accident

During this learning event, we discussed the maintenance responsibilities

Maintenance management is the way the commander brings together people,

The supervisory process is organized into five functions: planning,

Plan. Planning shows the way to reach a goal or objective. The

Organize. The organizing function provides a tentative list of

Coordinate. Detailed coordination ensures that resources will be

Direct. When resources have been organized and coordinated, the

Reactive Management. The inexperienced supervisor usually reacts to

Maintenance supervision deals with various factorscommand emphasis,

Management. The maintenance supervisor must constantly strive to improve