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 Vedic mathematics is the name given to the ancient system of

mathematics

 It’s a unique technique of calculations based on simple principles


and rules , with which any mathematical problem - be it arithmetic,
algebra, geometry or trigonometry can be solved mentally

Instant calculations

 All from 9 and the last from 10 to perform substractions.

e.g.1000-457=543

 VERTICALLY AND CROSSWISE you don’t need to the


multiplication tables beyond 5x5.

e.g. 8x7;7x6

 VERTICALLY AND CROSSWISE to write the answer straight


down!

e.g.

Multiply crosswise & add to get the numerator, & multiply the
denominators to get the denominator.
 Multiplying a number by 11.

e.g.26 x 11=286;77x11=847;

i)we put the total of the 2-figures between the 2-figures;

 Method for diving by 9.

e.g.43/9=4;232/9=25,(r.2+3+2=7)

i)The first figure of 43 is 4=>the answer

ii)Reminder 43=>4+3=7

Multiplying by 12

 e.g. 12 X17;

i)We multiply the 1(of12)by the number we’re multiplying =>1x17=17;

ii)Then => 17x10=170;

iii)Multiply the 2x17=34;

iv)Add 170 +34=204


• Effect
You write down the following 8 digit number on a piece of paper:

• 12345679

• Then ask a friend to circle one of the digits. Say that they circle
number 7.

• You then ask your friend to multiply the 8 digit number by 63, and
magically the result ends up being:

• 12345679
x 63
777777777

• with the answer as a row of the chosen number 7.

• The Secret
When your friend circles a number, you need to multiply the
chosen number by 9 in your head - if 3 was chosen you would
work out 3 x 9 = 27. Then you need to ask your friend to multiply
the 8 digit number by the number you have just worked out. In the
case of 3 being chosen you ask your friend to multiply 12345679
by 27 and you magically get the answer 333333333.

Use one ‘symbol’ to make the expression true

VEDIC MATHEMATICS : Digital Roots/Sums

• Digital root of a number is the single digit obtained by


repeatedly summing all the digits of a number.

• Example:

• Digital root of 2357 = 8

because (2 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 17) and (1 + 7 = 8)


• Digital root of 89149 = 4

because (8 + 9 + 1 + 4 + 9 = 31) and (3 + 1 = 4)

• A number is divisible by 3 if its digital root is divisible by 3


(that is, it is 0, 3, 6, or 9).

• 1236 is divisible by 3 because 3 is divisible by 3.

• Note (1+2+3+6 = 12) and (1+2 = 3).

• Recall: 1x(999+1) + 2x(99+1) + 3x(9+1) + 6

• A number is divisible by 9 if its digital root is divisible by 9


(that is, it is 0 or 9).

• The digital root of a number is the remainder obtained by dividing it


by 9.

• 1236 divided by 9 = … R 3

• Recall: 1x(999+1) + 2x(99+1) + 3x(9+1) + 6

• Note that 9 is treated similar to 0.

• 36 divided by 9 = … R 0

• Digital roots can be calculated quickly by casting out 9s.

• 12173645 => (1+2+1+7+3+6+4+5)

= (2+9) = (1+1) = 2

12173645 => (1+1)=2


VEDIC SQUARE
Table of digital root of single digit product

Digital root pattern for 4x


1 x4= 4

2 x4= 8

3 x4= 3

4 x4= 7

5 x4= 2

6 x4= 6

7 x4= 1

8 x4= 5

9 x4= 9

Prasad Digital Roots 8

Properties of digital roots

• Digital root of a square is 1, 4, 7, or 9

• Digital root of a perfect cube is 1, 8 or 9


• Digital root of a prime number (except 3) is 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8

• Digital root of a power of 2 is 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8

Justification for digital roots of a prime number

• Recall that digital root of 3, 6, or 9 implies it is divisible by 3.

• The digital root of 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 are realizable by the prime


numbers 19, 2 (11), 13, 5 (23), 7 (43), and 8 (17), respectively.

– This is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for a number


to be prime.

Additive Persistence of a Number

• Additive persistence of a number is the number of steps required


to reach the digital root.

• Additive persistence of 52 = One,

• because (5 + 2) =One=> (7)

• Additive persistence of 5243 = Two,

• because (5 + 2 + 4 + 3) =One=> (14) =Two=> (5)

• The smallest number for additive persistence 0 through 4 are:

0 step => 0

1 step => 10

2 steps => 19

3 steps => 199

4 steps => 19999999999999999999999

19999999999999999999999
4 steps => 1999999999999999999999

(22 9’s + 1)

5 steps => 1 followed by

(quotient 19999999999999999999998

divide 9) 9’s

=> 1 followed by

2222222222222222222222 9’s

How big is the last number?

• Larger than the number of stars in the universe?

• 10^21 (10 followed by 21 zeros)

• YES.

• Larger than the number of atoms in the universe?

• 10^80

• YES.

• Larger than googol 10^100?

• YES.

• Larger than googolplex 10 followed by 10^100 0’s?

NO, we have at last found a match!

Lattice Multiplication
Answer = 264
1 2
0 0 2
0 2 4
0 0 2
2 2 4
6 4

Answer = 2958
3 4
2 3 8
2 4 2
2 2 7
9 1 8
5 8
This number 3816547290 has the required unique
property of being divisible by 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 by
striking off the right most digits successively i.e. remove 0,
it is divisible by 9, remove 7290 it is divisible by 6 (that is
the number of digits remaining in the number) and so on.
3816547290 divisible by 10
381654729 divisible by 9
38165472 divisible by 8
3816547 divisible by 7
381654 divisible by 6
38165 divisible by 5
3816 divisible by 4
381 divisible by 3
38 divisible by 2
3 divisible by 1
There are two known solutions using all nine digits for
1738 x 4 = 6952
1963 x 4 = 7852
Three more 1 to 9 puzzles, each number is twice the previous one and the series
uses only 1 to 9 once.
219, 438, 657
273, 546, 819
327, 654, 981

1729 = 13+123 = 93+103


1729 is the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in 2
distinct ways. Such numbers have been dubbed taxicab numbers.

Strange ways!
13 = 12
13 + 23 = (1 + 2)2
13 + 23 + 33 = (1 + 2 +3)2
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = (1 + 2 +3 +4)2

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